CN113625342A - Method for determining denudation thickness of old stratum of clastic rock - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification discloses a method for determining the denudation thickness of an old stratum of clastic rock, which comprises the following steps: determining and determining a stratum unconformity interface according to the sudden change of the logging data, the change of the seismic interface and the change of the rock core contact surface; selecting rock porosity data or rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface; determining an original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock porosity data or the rock density data; and determining the thickness of the degraded ancient stratum according to the original depth and the drilling depth.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of basin restoration, in particular to a method for determining the denudation thickness of an old stratum of clastic rock.
Background
The denudation recovery of the old stratum is an important link in basin sedimentation history research, and the denudation thickness is the basis of the research on fluid migration, oil and gas accumulation and the like and is also a key step for basin restoration. The degradation of the stratum is closely related to the tectonic activity, and a certain tectonic movement generally occurs during the development of the sedimentary basin, particularly at the end of the sedimentation, and the degradation occurs during the lifting or squeezing process of the stratum.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining the degradation thickness of old formation of clastic rock.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the embodiments of the present specification are implemented as follows:
the method for determining the denudation thickness of the old stratum of the clastic rock comprises the following steps:
determining and determining a stratum unconformity interface according to the sudden change of the logging data, the change of the seismic interface and the change of the rock core contact surface;
selecting rock porosity data or rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface;
determining an original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock porosity data or the rock density data;
and determining the thickness of the degraded ancient stratum according to the original depth and the drilling depth.
Optionally, the method further includes:
determining a first relational expression of rock porosity and sound wave time difference;
determining a second relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock depth;
and determining a third relational expression of the rock porosity and the rock depth according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression.
Optionally, the determining the original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock porosity data specifically includes:
and determining the original depth of the degraded stratum corresponding to the rock porosity data based on the third relation.
Optionally, the selecting rock porosity data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface specifically includes:
and obtaining rock porosity data by using a well logging or geochemistry method.
Optionally, the expression of the third relational expression is as follows:
wherein, Δ t0Represents the time difference of sound waves of unconsolidated rock on the earth surface, e represents the base of natural logarithm, H represents the depth of the rock,
the curve represents the porosity of the rock, C represents the slope of a normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in the basin, the abscissa represents a pressure value, the ordinate represents a depth value, and A and B are constants.
Optionally, the method further includes:
determining a fourth relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock density;
determining a fifth relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock depth;
and determining a sixth relational expression of the rock density and the rock depth according to the fourth relational expression and the fifth relational expression.
Optionally, the determining the original depth of the degraded stratum according to the rock density data specifically includes:
and determining the original depth of the degraded stratum corresponding to the rock density data based on the sixth relational expression.
Optionally, the selecting rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface specifically includes:
rock density data is acquired using well logging or geochemical methods.
Optionally, the acoustic time difference has an exponential correlation with the depth of the rock.
Optionally, the expression of the sixth relational expression is as follows:
ρ*[Δt0*e^(-CH)]^B＝A*10^(6*B)；
where ρ represents the rock density, Δ t0The acoustic time difference value of unconsolidated rock on the earth surface is represented, e represents the bottom of natural logarithm, C represents the slope of a normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in a basin, the abscissa is a pressure value, the ordinate is a depth value, H represents the depth of the rock, A and BB is a constant.
The method for determining the degradation thickness of the old formation of clastic rock comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the specification adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the scheme provides a method for recovering ancient stratum denudation thickness based on porosity and density, and the method is efficient, wide in application range and suitable for basin restoration with well drilling data.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a denudation thickness of an old clastic rock formation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
With the progress of research, various methods for denudation amount recovery have been proposed, including formation contrast and sedimentation rate methods, acoustic time difference (AC), vitrinite reflectance (Ro) method, wave equation method, apatite fission track method (AFT), inclusion thermometry recovery method and deposition-structure comprehensive analysis method, porosity method, displacement pressure method, etc. (Magara, 1976; Dow, 1977; Katz et al, 1988; hesheng et al, 1989; liu minister 2015 et al, 1995; liu yi group et al, 1997; shaohua, 2004; zhao, etc., 2006; smiths et al, 2011; zhang et al, 2015; zhangjinliang et al, 2019), and researchers applied the michaelis theory of the miraculus gyrus theory of meland to the recovery of the marine corrosion characteristics of the opposite carbonate rock formations, providing a new idea for denudation amount recovery. Besides the methods related to earthquakes, the sound wave time difference method is most widely applied because the sound wave time difference data are convenient to acquire and the method is mature and effective.
The invention provides a method for calculating the degradation thickness of an ancient stratum by using the porosity or rock density, which is inspired by a sound wave time difference method and a porosity method, is an innovative method for the recovery of the degradation thickness, and adds corroborative data for recovering the degradation thickness by using well data.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a denudation thickness of an old clastic rock formation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. From the viewpoint of a program, the execution subject of the flow may be a program installed in an application server or an application client.
As shown in fig. 1, the process may include the following steps:
step 101: determining and determining a stratum unconformity interface according to the sudden change of the logging data, the change of the seismic interface and the change of the rock core contact surface;
step 102: selecting rock porosity data or rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface;
step 103: determining an original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock porosity data or the rock density data;
step 104: and determining the thickness of the degraded ancient stratum according to the original depth and the drilling depth.
Optionally, the method may further include:
determining a first relational expression of rock porosity and sound wave time difference;
determining a second relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock depth;
and determining a third relational expression of the rock porosity and the rock depth according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression.
Optionally, the determining the original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock porosity data may specifically include:
and determining the original depth of the degraded stratum corresponding to the rock porosity data based on the third relation.
Optionally, the selecting rock porosity data of the degraded formation from the unconformity interface may specifically include:
and obtaining rock porosity data by using a well logging or geochemistry method. And obtaining the rock porosity according to the correlation between the rock porosity data and the sound wave time difference data, or obtaining the rock porosity data by adopting a laboratory test method. Wherein the acoustic time difference data is from a logging curve and can be obtained by logging exploration; since the sound wave time difference has a linear correlation with the rock porosity (Wyllie, 1956), the porosity can be calculated from the correlation; or for a well with a sampling core, a geochemical test method can be directly adopted to obtain the porosity data of the rock at the fixed depth.
Optionally, the expression of the third relational expression is as follows:
wherein, Δ t0Represents the time difference of sound waves of unconsolidated rock on the earth surface, e represents the base of natural logarithm, H represents the depth of the rock,
the curve represents the porosity of the rock, C represents the slope of a normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in the basin, the abscissa represents a pressure value, the ordinate represents a depth value, and A and B are constants.
Optionally, the method may further include:
determining a fourth relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock density;
determining a fifth relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock depth;
and determining a sixth relational expression of the rock density and the rock depth according to the fourth relational expression and the fifth relational expression.
Optionally, the determining the original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock density data may specifically include:
and determining the original depth of the degraded stratum corresponding to the rock density data based on the sixth relational expression.
Optionally, the selecting rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface may specifically include:
rock density data is acquired using well logging or geochemical methods.
The rock density data is obtained by using a well logging or geochemical method, and the rock density is obtained according to the correlation between the rock density data and the sound wave time difference data, or the rock density data is obtained by using a laboratory testing method. Wherein the acoustic time difference data is from a logging curve and can be obtained by logging exploration; since the acoustic moveout is correlated with the rock density (Gardner, 1974), the density can be calculated from the correlation; or for the well with the sampling core, the laboratory test method can be directly adopted to obtain the density data of the fixed depth of the rock.
Optionally, the acoustic time difference has an exponential correlation with the depth of the rock.
Optionally, the expression of the sixth relational expression is as follows:
ρ*[Δt0*e^(-CH)]^B＝A*10^(6*B)；
where ρ represents the rock density, Δ t0The acoustic time difference value of unconsolidated rock on the earth surface is represented, e represents the bottom of a natural logarithm, C represents the slope of a normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in a basin, the abscissa is a pressure value, the ordinate is a depth value, H represents the depth of the rock, and A and B are constants.
Based on the method of fig. 1, the embodiments of the present specification also provide some specific implementations of the method, which are described below.
Example one
The embodiment relates to a new method for calculating the denudation thickness of an old stratum, wherein a rock porosity factor is introduced to solve the denudation thickness of the denudated old stratum. The calculation method mainly comprises the steps of obtaining rock porosity data by using a well logging or geochemical method, obtaining rock porosity according to a correlation relation between the rock porosity data and sound wave time difference data, or obtaining the rock porosity data by using a laboratory test method; because the sound wave time difference has an exponential correlation with the depth and the sound wave time difference has a linear correlation with the rock porosity, the rock porosity also has a correlation with the depth; finding a stratum unconformity interface; and selecting rock porosity data of the degraded stratum from the non-integrated interface, obtaining the depth of the ancient stratum corresponding to the porosity according to the correlation relation, comparing the depth with the depth obtained by drilling at present, and calculating to obtain the thickness of the degraded ancient stratum.
The key technical points of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) obtaining the relationship between porosity, acoustic time difference and depth
Rock porosity is also related to depth because of the exponential dependence of acoustic moveout on depth (Magara, 1976), and the linear dependence of acoustic moveout on rock porosity. Three variables are involved, acoustic moveout, depth, porosity, where porosity is the key variable of interest, and two of the three are related.
(2) Calculating the depth of the paleo-formation
And selecting rock porosity data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface, and obtaining the ancient stratum depth corresponding to the porosity according to the correlation relation.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1. obtaining rock porosity data
Rock porosity can be obtained in two ways
The first is to adopt a laboratory test method to obtain rock(ii) stone porosity data; the second is calculated according to the time-averaged formula (1956, Wyllie), which can be done directly in the well interpretation software, Geolog.
The formula is as follows:
wherein,
the rock porosity is determined, and the delta t is the measured acoustic time difference of the well logging in units of mu s/m and delta tfAnd Δ tmaThe regional constants are respectively the acoustic time difference of the rock skeleton and the acoustic time difference of the fluid, and the unit is mus/m, and the regional constants can be obtained by laboratory tests. For the convenience of subsequent calculation, let A be Δ tf-Δtma，B＝Δtma。
Equation (1) can be simplified as:
2. obtaining the relation among porosity, sound wave time difference and depth
Because of the exponential dependence of acoustic moveout on depth (Magara, 1976), the relationship is as follows:
Δt＝Δt0*e^(-C*H) (3)
wherein, Δ t0The sound wave time difference value of the unconsolidated rock on the earth surface is 620-650 mu s/m; c is the slope of the normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in the basin, wherein the abscissa is a pressure value and the ordinate is a depth value; delta t is the acoustic time difference of any buried depth and has the unit of mu s/m; h is the buried depth of the rock; e is the base of the natural logarithm.
Substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) can obtain the relational expression of the porosity, the acoustic wave time difference and the depth, as follows:
3. determining a stratum non-integration interface, namely a degraded place of the ancient stratum, and judging according to the sudden change of logging data, the change of a seismic interface and the change of a rock core contact surface.
4. The original depth H0 of the degraded formation is found.
Porosity of the selected ablation point
And substituting the formula (4) to obtain the original depth of the ablation point before ablation, which is represented by H0.
5. And solving the degraded thickness TH of the old stratum.
The original depth H0 of the degraded formation is subtracted from the present depth H of the degraded formation to yield the degraded thickness TH of the old formation.
TH＝|H0-H| (5)
Example two
The embodiment relates to a new method for calculating the denudation thickness of an old stratum, wherein a rock density factor is introduced to solve the denudation thickness of the denudated old stratum. The calculation method mainly comprises the steps of obtaining rock density data by using a well logging or geochemical method, and obtaining rock density according to the correlation between the rock density data and the sound wave time difference data, or obtaining the rock density data by using a laboratory test method; because the sound wave time difference has an exponential correlation with the depth, and the sound wave time difference has a correlation with the rock density, the rock density also has a correlation with the depth; finding a stratum unconformity interface; and selecting rock density data of the degraded stratum from the non-integrated interface, obtaining the depth of the old stratum corresponding to the density according to the correlation relation, comparing the depth with the depth obtained by drilling at present, and calculating to obtain the thickness of the degraded old stratum. .
The key technical points of the embodiment include the following two points:
(1) obtaining the relation between rock density, sound wave time difference and depth
Rock density is also related to depth because acoustic moveout is exponentially related to depth (Magara, 1976) and acoustic moveout is related to rock density (Gardner, 1974). Three variables are involved, namely sound wave time difference, depth and density, wherein the density is a concerned key variable, and the three are related in pairs.
(2) Calculating the depth of the paleo-formation
And selecting rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface, and obtaining the ancient stratum depth corresponding to the porosity according to the correlation relation.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1. obtaining rock density data rho
Rock density can be obtained in three ways, the first is to adopt a laboratory test method to obtain rock density data, and the premise is that drilling coring is carried out on required rocks; the second is to obtain from the logging curve, if there is a density curve in the logging curve; the third one is calculated according to the Gardner formula (Gardner, 1974), on the premise that the logging curve has the acoustic wave time difference, and the logging curve has the acoustic wave time difference in the exploration area of the general oil and gas fields, and is the most basic logging curve.
The formula is as follows:
ρ＝A*(1000000/Δt)^B (6)
wherein rho is rock density, g/cm 3; delta t is the time difference of actually measured sound waves of the well logging, and the unit is mu s/m; A. b is a constant, and the constants obtained by fitting are different for each region, and have regionality, and in general, a is 0.23 and B is 0.25.
2. Obtaining the relation among density, sound wave time difference and depth
Because of the exponential dependence of acoustic moveout on depth (Magara, 1976), the relationship is as follows:
Δt＝Δt0*e^(-C*H) (7)
wherein, Δ t0The sound wave time difference value of the unconsolidated rock on the earth surface is 620-650 mu s/m; c is the slope of the normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in the basin, wherein the abscissa is a pressure value and the ordinate is a depth value; Δ t is eitherThe sound wave time difference of the buried depth is measured in units of mu s/m; h is the buried depth of the rock; e is the base of the natural logarithm.
The sound wave time difference Δ t and the sound wave velocity vt are reciprocal.
Substituting the formula (7) into the formula (6) can obtain the relational expression of rock density, sound wave time difference and depth, as follows:
ρ*[Δt0*e^(-CH)]^B＝A*10^(6*B) (8)
3. determining a stratum non-integration interface, namely a degraded place of the ancient stratum, and judging according to the sudden change of logging data, the change of a seismic interface and the change of a rock core contact surface.
4. The original depth H0 of the degraded formation is found.
The selected ablation point density ρ is substituted into formula (8) to obtain the original depth of the ablation point before ablation, which is represented by H0.
5. And solving the degraded thickness TH of the old stratum.
The original depth H0 of the degraded formation is subtracted from the present depth H of the degraded formation to yield the degraded thickness TH of the old formation.
TH＝|H0-H| (9)
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining a thickness of degradation of an old formation of clastic rock, comprising:
determining and determining a stratum unconformity interface according to the sudden change of the logging data, the change of the seismic interface and the change of the rock core contact surface;
selecting rock porosity data or rock density data of the degraded stratum from the unconformity interface;
determining an original depth of the degraded formation according to the rock porosity data or the rock density data;
and determining the thickness of the degraded ancient stratum according to the original depth and the drilling depth.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a first relational expression of rock porosity and sound wave time difference;
determining a second relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock depth;
and determining a third relational expression of the rock porosity and the rock depth according to the first relational expression and the second relational expression.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the original depth of the degraded formation from the rock porosity data comprises:
and determining the original depth of the degraded stratum corresponding to the rock porosity data based on the third relation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the rock porosity data for the degraded formation from the unconformity interface comprises:
and obtaining rock porosity data by using a well logging or geochemistry method.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the third relationship is expressed as follows:
wherein, Δ t0Represents the time difference of sound waves of unconsolidated rock on the earth surface, e represents the base of natural logarithm, H represents the depth of the rock,
the curve represents the porosity of the rock, C represents the slope of a normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in the basin, the abscissa represents a pressure value, the ordinate represents a depth value, and A and B are constants.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a fourth relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock density;
determining a fifth relational expression of the sound wave time difference and the rock depth;
and determining a sixth relational expression of the rock density and the rock depth according to the fourth relational expression and the fifth relational expression.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the original depth of the degraded formation from the rock density data comprises:
and determining the original depth of the degraded stratum corresponding to the rock density data based on the sixth relational expression.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting rock density data for the degraded formation from the unconformity interface comprises:
rock density data is acquired using well logging or geochemical methods.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the acoustic time difference is exponentially related to the depth of the rock.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the expression of the sixth relation is as follows:
ρ*[Δt0*e^(-CH)]^B＝A*10^(6*B)；
where ρ represents the rock density, Δ t0The acoustic time difference value of unconsolidated rock on the earth surface is represented, e represents the bottom of a natural logarithm, C represents the slope of a normal compaction curve and can be obtained by fitting pressure data of a plurality of logs in a basin, the abscissa is a pressure value, the ordinate is a depth value, H represents the depth of the rock, and A and B are constants.
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