CN113624978B - Kit for evaluating acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury and prognosis by detecting alveolar lavage fluid and serum albumin - Google Patents
Kit for evaluating acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury and prognosis by detecting alveolar lavage fluid and serum albumin Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/76—Assays involving albumins other than in routine use for blocking surfaces or for anchoring haptens during immunisation
- G01N2333/765—Serum albumin, e.g. HSA
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/12—Pulmonary diseases
Abstract
The invention discloses a kit for evaluating acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury and prognosis by detecting alveolar lavage fluid and serum albumin, and belongs to the field of kits. The invention discovers that the BA/SA ratio of the ALI mice is obviously higher than that of healthy mice for the first time, so that the aim of effectively screening the ALI mice can be realized by detecting the BA/SA ratio of the mice; according to the invention, the BA/SA ratio is found to be obviously inversely related to the pulmonary fluid clearance for the first time, the pulmonary fluid clearance of the mice can be effectively estimated by using the BA/SA ratio, and the mice with pulmonary fluid imbalance can be screened; the invention discovers for the first time that the BA/SA ratio of ARDS patients is significantly higher than that of healthy controls, so that ARDS patients can be effectively screened and prognosis thereof can be evaluated by detecting the BA/SA ratio. The kit can objectively, accurately and rapidly realize ARDS/ALI screening, lung fluid unbalance screening and prognosis evaluation thereof by detecting albumin in serum and alveolar lavage fluid, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of kits, and particularly relates to a kit for screening acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury, evaluating prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury, screening lung fluid imbalance, and evaluating prognosis of lung fluid imbalance, and application thereof.
Background
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized significantly by refractory hypoxia due to intra-pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary causes, and is of great interest due to high mortality. ARDS has also been known as Acute Lung Injury (ALI), in 2012, the Berlin definition used ARDS clinically (Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition, JAMA,2012, 307 (23): 2526-2533), and ALI was used mainly in animal models and basic studies to simulate ARDS. Uncontrolled inflammatory reaction and abnormal accumulation of pulmonary fluid are core pathophysiological changes of ALI/ARDS, so that the ARDS/ALI pulmonary fluid imbalance is accurately estimated, and important evaluation value indexes and reference systems can be provided for ARDS/ALI diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and research.
Under the action of pathogenic factors inside and outside lung, the tight junction protein expression and function among pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells are inhibited, the endothelial barrier function is weakened, the intravascular protein-rich liquid is largely extravasated into the alveolar space and the pulmonary interstitium (Cyclic stretch-induced oxidative stress increases pulmonary alveolar epithelial permeability.Am J Respir Cell Mol biol.2013;49 (1): 156-64), and at the same time, the Cyclic adenosine monophosphate expression in the alveolar epithelial cells is down-regulated, the expression and function of ion channel proteins (including sodium ion channel, sodium potassium ATPase and the like) are impaired, and the alveolar fluid body weight absorption is impaired (Acute Lung Injury: A Clinical and Molecular review. Arch Pathol Lab Med.2016;140 (4): 345-50). The two act together to cause pulmonary fluid imbalance, accumulate to form pulmonary edema, and the large amount of accumulated high protein fluid reduces the effective respiratory area of alveoli, further aggravates inflammatory reaction and promotes ARDS/ALI (he acute respiratory distress syndrome: from mechanism to transformation.J immunol.2015;194 (3): 855-60). The past study uses fluorescent-labeled albumin to more accurately evaluate the pulmonary fluid Absorption (AFC) capacity (p < 0.01) of mice (Resolvin D1 Stimulates Alveolar Fluid Clearance through Alveolar Epithelial Sodium Channel, na, K-ATPase via ALX/cAMP/PI3K Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury.J immunol.2014;192 (8): 3765-77). However, at present, how to detect ARDS/ALI pulmonary fluid leakage so as to comprehensively and accurately evaluate pulmonary fluid imbalance, and no simple and stable method exists. Shao Lujing et al (6-formylindolo [3,2-b ] carbazole inhibition endoplasmic reticulum stress improves lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury, chinese critical illness emergency medicine, 2021, 33 (02)) utilize mouse lung tissue dry-wet weight ratio to evaluate ALI lung fluid imbalance, but the sensitivity and specificity of the method to ALI mouse evaluation effect are not evaluated, and the detection method is rough, affected factors are many, and the result stability is insufficient. International researchers (Claudin 4knockout mice:normal physiological phenotype with increased susceptibility to lung injury,American journal of physiology Lung cellular and molecular physiology,2014,307 (7): L524-536) inject fluorescent substances into mice through tail veins, then evaluate the pulmonary fluid accumulation of mice by detecting fluorescent values, and the P value is 0.013 when comparing between groups, but the method is more complicated and the tail veins are more difficult to operate.
Albumin is an important protein substance in the body, exerting the following important physiological functions in the body: maintaining the osmotic pressure of body plasma colloid, transporting various insoluble micromolecular substances, maintaining the communication of body fluid in the body, and the like. Cui Wenhua et al (ALB and COP and CLI in paraquat poisoning combined ARDS diagnosis and prognosis significance), J. 2020,21 (07) of clinical emergency) found that simple detection of serum albumin levels could be used to assess the prognosis of ARDS patients, but the area under the curve (AUC) of this method was 0.649, with still further improvement in assessment accuracy.
At present, no kit for assessing ARDS/ALI pulmonary fluid imbalance and prognosis by detecting the ratio of alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum and calculating the ratio is known.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a kit for screening acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury, assessing prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury, screening lung fluid imbalance, assessing prognosis of lung fluid imbalance and application thereof.
The invention provides the use of a reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum in the preparation of a kit for screening and/or assessing the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury.
Further, the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in the serum is a reagent for detecting the albumin content in the serum and the alveolar lavage fluid.
The invention also provides the use of a reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum in the preparation of a kit for screening and/or assessing the prognosis of pulmonary fluid imbalance.
Further, the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in the serum is a reagent for detecting the albumin content in the serum and the alveolar lavage fluid.
Further, the pulmonary fluid imbalance is an acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury pulmonary fluid imbalance.
Further, the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent, a reagent for a liquid chromatography method, a colloidal gold assay reagent or a reagent for R & D Systems Luminex liquid chip detection.
The invention provides a kit for screening acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury, assessing acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury prognosis, screening pulmonary fluid imbalance or assessing pulmonary fluid imbalance prognosis, comprising reagents for detecting the ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum.
Further, the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in the serum is a reagent for detecting the albumin content in the serum and the alveolar lavage fluid.
Further, the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent or a reagent for a liquid chromatography method.
Further, the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum is a colloidal gold detection reagent or an R & D Systems Luminex liquid phase chip detection reagent.
The "acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury" described herein is acute respiratory distress syndrome for humans and acute lung injury for animals.
Conventional protein detection methods such as liquid chromatography (e.g., high performance liquid chromatography, ultra high performance liquid chromatography), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and colloidal gold can be used to detect albumin in serum and alveolar lavage fluid, to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
Techniques for assessing ARDS/ALI, pulmonary fluid imbalance and prognosis thereof by detecting albumin levels in patient/mouse or other animal serum and alveolar lavage are within the scope of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention discovers that the BA/SA ratio of the ALI mice is obviously higher than that of healthy mice for the first time, so that the aim of effectively screening the ALI mice can be realized by detecting the BA/SA ratio of the mice;
for an ALI animal model, when the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid of an ALI model mouse to albumin in serum is higher than 3.995%.
(2) The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the method for screening ALI mice by detecting the BA/SA ratio of the mice is as high as 0.9693, and the method has good stability, excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
(3) The invention discovers that the BA/SA ratio is obviously inversely related to the pulmonary fluid clearance (AFC) for the first time, and can effectively evaluate the pulmonary fluid clearance of mice by using the BA/SA ratio and screen the mice with pulmonary fluid imbalance.
(4) The invention discovers for the first time that the BA/SA ratio of ARDS patients is significantly higher than that of healthy controls, so that ARDS patients can be effectively screened by detecting the BA/SA ratio.
When the BA/SA ratio of the subject is higher than 0.795 per mill, the sensitivity of the subject to the ARDS is predicted to be 87.76 percent, the specificity is 96.43 percent, the accuracy is high, and the clinical significance is great.
(5) The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the method for screening ARDS patients by detecting the BA/SA ratio is as high as 0.9741, and the method has good stability and excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
(6) The present invention for the first time found that the BA/SA ratio was significantly higher in patients with ARDS that died 28 days after follow-up compared to surviving ARDS patients.
When the ratio of BA/SA of ARDS patients is higher than 3.815 per mill, the prognosis is indicated to be poor within 28 days in the future.
(7) The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the method for evaluating the prognosis of the ARDS patient by detecting the BA/SA ratio is as high as 0.7233, and the accuracy of prognosis evaluation is higher than that of the method for evaluating the prognosis of the ARDS patient by detecting the serum albumin level only (AUC=0.649, see: ALB and COP and CLI have significance in combining ARDS diagnosis and prognosis in paraquat poisoning, and J. 2020,21 (07)).
The kit disclosed by the invention is a kit according to the discovery, can objectively, accurately and rapidly realize ARDS/ALI screening, lung fluid unbalance screening and prognosis evaluation thereof by detecting albumin in serum and alveolar lavage fluid, and has a good application prospect.
It should be apparent that, in light of the foregoing, various modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The above-described aspects of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments in the form of examples. It should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples only. All techniques implemented based on the above description of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a histogram comparing alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum of control mice and ALI mice, wherein control mice are denoted control mice and ALI mice are denoted acute lung injury mice.
Fig. 2 is a ROC graph using BA/SA ratio to screen ALI mice.
FIG. 3 is an analysis of the correlation of mouse BA/SA ratio with pulmonary fluid clearance.
FIG. 4 is a histogram comparing alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum for healthy controls and ARDS patients, wherein control represents healthy controls and ARDS components represent ARDS patients.
FIG. 5 is a graph of ROC using BA/SA ratios to screen ARDS patients.
FIG. 6 is a histogram comparing the BA/SA ratio of patients with ARDS survived 28 days after follow-up to those with ARDS dead, wherein survivinrs represents patients with ARDS survived and Non-survivinrs represents patients with ARDS dead.
FIG. 7 is a ROC graph using BA/SA ratios to assess the prognosis of ARDS patients.
Detailed Description
Example 1: detection and application of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid and serum of ALI model mice and ARD patients
1. Object to be inspected
(1) Control mice (i.e., healthy mice) 13, ALI mice 13; wherein ALI mice were constructed from airway-atomized bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and control mice were airway-atomized phosphate buffer.
(2) 28 normal subjects (i.e., healthy controls) and 49 ARDS patients; after 28 days of follow-up, 20 of the ARDS patients died. The subject population was already known and agreed prior to the experiment.
2. Detection method
(1) After 24 hours of ALI mouse model construction, the mice were anesthetized, and the lungs were injected with fluorescence-labeled bovine serum albumin (A1) via an endotracheal tube, and then the ventilator was ventilated for 30 minutes, and the lung lavage fluid (A2) was extracted while leaving blood from the mice to be examined, and serum was collected. The fluorescence intensity in the A1 and A2 specimens is detected by a fluorescence enzyme-labeled instrument, and the lung liquid clearance (AFC) of the mice is obtained by calculation, wherein AFC (%/30 min) = (FA 2-FA 1)/FA 2 multiplied by 100, wherein FA1 refers to the fluorescence value of the A1 specimen, and FA2 refers to the fluorescence value of A2.
(2) Serum samples of normal subjects and ARDS patients were collected while performing bronchofiberscope examination, and alveolar lavage fluid samples thereof were collected.
(3) Based on the alveolar lavage fluid and serum samples of the human and the mouse, the DEVELOP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is carried out aiming at albumin, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
(1) 100. Mu.L of standard substance or sample (alveolar lavage fluid or serum) is added to each test well, and after sealing, the wells are incubated for 2 hours at 37 ℃ with shaking;
(2) 300 mu L of plate washing liquid washes the plate 5 times;
(3) Adding 100 mu L of biotin-labeled secondary antibody into each hole, sealing the membrane, and incubating for 1 hour by shaking at 37 ℃;
(4) 300 mu L of plate washing liquid washes the plate 5 times;
(5) Adding 100 mu L of chromogenic substrate in each hole, and incubating for 15 minutes at 37 ℃ in a dark place;
(6) Adding 100 mu L of stop solution into each hole, uniformly mixing, and measuring an OD value at 450nm by using an enzyme-labeled instrument;
(7) Establishing a standard curve by using MicroPlate Manager 5.2.5.2, and calculating the target protein concentration of each detection hole by using a 4PL model;
(8) The ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum (abbreviated as BA/SA ratio) was calculated for further statistical analysis.
3. Detection result
(1) ALI mice have significantly higher BA/SA ratios than healthy mice
As shown in fig. 1, the BA/SA ratio of healthy mice was 3.148±0.845%o, and the BA/SA ratio of ALI mice was 7.520 ± 2.325%o; ALI mice had significantly higher BA/SA ratios (P-value=0.0014) relative to healthy mice.
The experimental results show that ALI mice can be effectively screened by using the BA/SA ratio.
(2) Application of BA/SA ratio in screening ALI mice
As shown in fig. 2, ROC curve analysis results using BA/SA ratio to screen ALI mice showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) was as high as 0.9693; when the detection threshold (cut-off value) is 3.995%o, the sensitivity of the prediction ALI is 100%, the specificity is 78.95%, and the accuracy is high.
The experimental results show that the method for screening the ALI mice by using the BA/SA ratio has good stability, and has excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
(3) Application of BA/SA ratio in assessing pulmonary fluid imbalance of mice
As shown in fig. 3, in ALI mice, the BA/SA ratio was significantly inversely correlated with pulmonary fluid clearance (AFC), with a correlation coefficient of-0.7883 and a p value <0.0001.
The experimental result shows that the BA/SA ratio can be used for effectively evaluating the pulmonary fluid clearance of the mice and screening the mice with unbalanced pulmonary fluid.
(4) The BA/SA ratio was significantly higher in ARDS patients than in healthy controls
As shown in fig. 4, the BA/SA ratio of healthy controls was 0.233±0.050%o, and the BA/SA ratio of ARDS patients was 3.495 ±0.380%o; the BA/SA ratio was significantly increased in ARDS patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001).
The above experimental results show that ARDS patients can be effectively screened by using the BA/SA ratio.
(5) Application of BA/SA ratio in screening ARDS patients
As shown in FIG. 5, the analysis of ROC curve using BA/SA ratio to screen ARDS patients shows that the area under ROC curve (AUC) is 0.9741 (95% CI: 0.9455-1.003), and when the detection threshold (cut-off value) is 0.795%o, the sensitivity of ARDS is 87.76%, the specificity is 96.43%, and the accuracy is high.
The experimental results show that the method for screening ARDS patients by using the BA/SA ratio has good stability, and has excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
(6) The BA/SA ratio of the dead patients is significantly higher than that of the surviving patients
As shown in FIG. 6, the ratio of BA/SA of the dead ARDS patients after the follow-up for 28 days is 4.731 +/-2.907%o, and the ratio of BA/SA of the survival ARDS patients is 2.643 +/-2.126%o; the BA/SA ratio was significantly increased in patients with ARDS that died 28 days after follow-up compared to surviving ARDS patients (p=0.006).
The above experimental results demonstrate that the use of the BA/SA ratio enables an effective assessment of ARDS patient prognosis. When the ratio of BA/SA of ARDS patients is higher than 3.815 per mill, the prognosis is indicated to be poor within 28 days in the future.
(7) Use of BA/SA ratio in assessing ARDS patient prognosis
As shown in fig. 7, ROC curve analysis results of the method for assessing ARDS patient prognosis using BA/SA ratio showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.7233 (95% ci: 0.5792-0.8674), and the accuracy of prognosis assessment was higher than that of the method that had been reported to assess ARDS patient prognosis by detecting serum albumin levels alone (auc=0.649, see: ALB and COP and CLI in paraquat poisoning combined ARDS diagnosis and prognosis significance, journal of clinical emergency, 2020,21 (07)).
The experimental results show that the method for evaluating the prognosis of the ARDS patient by using the BA/SA ratio has high accuracy.
In conclusion, the experimental results show that the BA/SA ratio can be used for effectively screening ALI mice, effectively evaluating the pulmonary fluid clearance of the mice and further evaluating the pulmonary fluid imbalance of the mice; the BA/SA ratio can also be used for effectively screening ARDS patients and effectively evaluating the prognosis of the ARDS patients. The method for screening and evaluating by utilizing the BA/SA ratio has good stability, excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy and good clinical application prospect.
Example 2: the kit of the invention
1. Composition of the kit of the invention
Wherein, the human/mouse albumin specific antibody is goat anti-human/mouse albumin polyclonal antibody (product number AF 3392) produced by R & D manufacturer.
2. Kit using method
(1) 100. Mu.L of standard substance or sample (alveolar lavage fluid or serum) is added to each test well, and after sealing, the wells are incubated for 2 hours at 37 ℃ with shaking;
(2) 100 mu L of plate washing liquid washes the plate 5 times;
(3) Adding 100 mu L of biotin-labeled secondary antibody into each hole, sealing the membrane, and incubating for 1 hour by shaking at 37 ℃;
(4) 100 mu L of plate washing liquid washes the plate 5 times;
(5) Adding 100 mu L of chromogenic substrate in each hole, and incubating for 15 minutes at 37 ℃ in a dark place;
(6) Adding 100 mu L of stop solution into each hole, uniformly mixing, and measuring an OD value at 450nm by using an enzyme-labeled instrument;
(7) Establishing a standard curve by using MicroPlate Manager 5.2.5.2, and calculating the target protein concentration of each detection hole by using a 4PL model;
(8) The ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum was calculated and further analyzed statistically.
In conclusion, the kit provided by the invention can objectively, accurately and rapidly realize ARDS/ALI screening, lung fluid imbalance screening and prognosis evaluation thereof by detecting albumin in serum and alveolar lavage fluid, and has a good application prospect.
Claims (2)
1. Use of a reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum for the manufacture of a kit for assessing the risk of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by: the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in the alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in the serum is a reagent for detecting the content of albumin in the serum and the alveolar lavage fluid.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the reagent for detecting the ratio of albumin in alveolar lavage fluid to albumin in serum is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent, a reagent for liquid chromatography, a reagent for colloidal gold assay or a reagent for R & D Systems Luminex liquid chip assay.
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