CN113623259B - Low-temperature self-starting method for hydrogen circulating pump supported by magnetic suspension bearing - Google Patents
Low-temperature self-starting method for hydrogen circulating pump supported by magnetic suspension bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113623259B CN113623259B CN202111036500.7A CN202111036500A CN113623259B CN 113623259 B CN113623259 B CN 113623259B CN 202111036500 A CN202111036500 A CN 202111036500A CN 113623259 B CN113623259 B CN 113623259B
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/002—Details, component parts, or accessories especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/584—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling or heating the machine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature self-starting method of a hydrogen circulating pump supported by a magnetic suspension bearing, which comprises the steps of self-checking an electrified magnetic suspension hydrogen pump control system, determining a non-starting state, and judging and determining that a circuit is in a mode incapable of being started conventionally; and the problem of icing in the hydrogen circulating system of the system is judged by detecting and judging that the starting environmental temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is lower than the melting point of water; judging whether the conventional starting mode fails to be used or not, and if the conventional starting mode fails, executing to enter a low-temperature self-starting mode; after entering a low-temperature self-starting mode, the method is divided into a stage of self-heating ice melting by using the magnetic bearing and a stage of applying oscillating current to a coil of the magnetic bearing by using a gap of the magnetic suspension bearing, so that the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system enters a stage of oscillating ice crushing by the magnetic bearing to execute the two stages until finally switching to a conventional starting mode. The self-heating type ice melting and breaking device can perform self-heating in a low-temperature environment, quickly realize the ice melting and breaking effect, quickly heat and raise the temperature after being started, and meet the requirement of quick start.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a hydrogen circulation system of a fuel cell system, and more particularly, to a low temperature self-starting method of a hydrogen circulation pump used in a low temperature environment to operate a fuel cell system.
Background
Fuel cell systems are increasingly being widely used as a power source. Fuel cell systems have also been proposed for use in oil-powered vehicles as an alternative to internal combustion engines; a fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device that generates electric energy through a catalytic reaction using hydrogen and oxygen in the air as reactant gases of an anode and a cathode, respectively, and generates water without any pollution. The fuel cell has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, no pollution, high energy efficiency, high reliability and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of standby power supplies, medium and small power stations, base station power supplies, new energy automobiles and the like. Particularly in the application aspect of new energy automobiles, electric automobiles powered by fuel cells are the subject of important development of all countries around the world and are one of the final solutions for possible replacement of power sources of fuel automobiles in the future.
With the development of economy and technological progress, electric vehicles using fuel cells as vehicle power systems will gradually become widespread, and will begin to enter our lives in succession. Because the optimal operation temperature in the fuel cell is 70-80 ℃, but the temperature is not invariable in the living environment of people, the temperature difference between south and north is huge in the view of the underground position, the temperature difference between winter and summer is huge in the change of seasons, and the temperature change range can be changed from minus 50 ℃ to plus 50 ℃. While the fuel cell system utilizes the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce uncontaminated water, which is also advantageous, it is disadvantageous from another perspective because the uncontaminated water produced by the reaction can rapidly freeze to ice in an environment below 0 ℃. This also presents a significant technical challenge to fuel cell systems operating in low temperature environments. How to solve the problem of normal starting and operation at low temperature in the fuel cell is an urgent need to be solved. The hydrogen circulation system, which is an important component of the fuel cell system, also generates part of water during operation. In a low temperature state, it is also one of the issues to be solved urgently how to ensure that water in the hydrogen circulation system does not freeze and can be discharged quickly.
The fuel cell hydrogen circulating system mainly comprises a hydrogen tank, a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve, a hydrogen circulating pump, an electric pile, a pressure sensor and the like. At present, most of methods for solving the problem that the generated water does not ice when a hydrogen circulating system is in a low-temperature state in the market are to heat a hydrogen circulating pump. Although the method can achieve a certain effect, huge additional energy is consumed for heating the hydrogen circulating pump due to the large volume of the hydrogen circulating pump, and the energy consumption is high.
In addition, the U.S. department of energy proposed specific technical indexes in 2010 for the starting process of the fuel cell in the sub-zero air temperature environment: at-20 ℃, the fuel cell reaches 90% of rated power within 30s after starting. The low temperature starts quick start, just also must carry out the rapid heating to hydrogen circulation system, needs whole car battery package power supply to heat the hydrogen circulating pump this moment, and under low temperature state, the performance of whole car battery package can greatly reduced, needs to heat the hydrogen circulating pump this moment, with the burden of the whole car battery system of greatly increased. Moreover, most of the outer surfaces of the hydrogen circulating pumps are designed into irregular shapes, and large-area heating sheets are difficult to arrange on the surfaces of the hydrogen circulating pumps.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the hydrogen circulating system of the existing fuel cell system has the defects that water generated by reaction operation can be quickly frozen into ice in the environment below 0 ℃, the volume of the adopted hydrogen circulating pump is large, huge additional energy is consumed for heating the hydrogen circulating pump, and the energy consumption is large; in addition, the hydrogen circulating pump low-temperature self-starting method supported by the magnetic suspension bearing can realize self-heating and quick ice melting and breaking effects under a low-temperature environment, can quickly heat and raise the temperature after starting, and meets the requirement of quick starting.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme to solve the technical problems: a low-temperature self-starting method of a hydrogen circulating pump supported by a magnetic suspension bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following self-starting method
A1. Starting power-on, entering a conventional starting mode, and if the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic suspension bearing is normally started in the conventional mode, indicating that the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic suspension bearing can be normally started and operated;
A2. if the system cannot be normally started in the conventional mode, the system enters a hydrogen circulating pump control system icing fault judgment mode, if the icing fault exists in a hydrogen circulating system of the system, the system enters a low-temperature self-starting mode, and if the icing fault does not exist, the system enters other fault state judgment;
A3. after entering a low-temperature self-starting mode, executing the following steps A4 to A5 in two stages;
A4. the first stage of the low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump is a magnetic bearing self-heating ice melting mode stage; in the mode state, ice melting current is applied to the magnetic bearing coil, and the magnetic bearing coil generates heat for melting ice at the contact part of the rotor and the magnetic bearing, so that the effect of rapidly melting ice is achieved, and the rotor can move; the self-heating ice-melting stage mainly focuses on changing the starting environment temperature and the icing condition at the contact position of the rotor and the magnetic bearing (the rotor falls on a floating ring of the magnetic bearing before being suspended);
A5. the second stage of the low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump is a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode stage, and the oscillation ice crushing stage mainly aims at ice blocks on blades and other parts and adopts an oscillation ice crushing mode, so that the efficiency is higher; under the mode state, active vibration control of a rotor is realized by utilizing the magnetic suspension bearing gap, and oscillation current is applied to a magnetic bearing coil, so that the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system enters a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode;
A6. after the low-temperature self-starting of the steps A4 to A5, the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump control system is switched to a conventional starting mode, the conventional mode is tried to start, and whether the hydrogen circulating pump can be normally started is judged;
A7. under a conventional starting mode, normal starting and accelerating are completed, and if the speed can be accelerated to a rated rotating speed within a specified time according to an instruction of an upper computer, the starting is successful; if the starting is unsuccessful, continuously returning to the step A3 to execute a low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing;
A8. executing the step A7, circularly executing for many times to a low-temperature starting mode, judging whether the cycle number exceeds the upper limit of the cycle number, and if the cycle number exceeds the upper limit of the cycle number and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing still cannot be started successfully, entering other fault judgment;
A9. in the step A7, if the normal start is successful, or the upper limit of the circulation times is not exceeded in the step A8, and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic suspension bearing can be successfully started, the starting is successful, the system exits from the low-temperature self-starting mode, normally runs and enters a normal working state;
A10. and executing the steps until the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump can be normally started, and ending the low-temperature self-starting mode.
The invention can rapidly realize the ice melting and crushing effects by utilizing the characteristics of spontaneous heating and active vibration control of the magnetic bearing in a low-temperature environment, thereby achieving the purpose of low-temperature self-starting, and the suspension hydrogen circulating pump can rapidly heat and raise the temperature after being started in the low-temperature environment so as to meet the requirement of rapid starting. The magnetic bearing coil can be electrified with constant current, can perform self-heating and achieve the effect of preliminary ice melting; the oscillating current is introduced into the magnetic bearing coil, so that the rotor can vibrate, and the ice crushing effect is further achieved; after starting, the system can rapidly heat the motor to reach a normal working state. The mode of constant-current ice melting and oscillation ice crushing is adopted, so that the rapid heating and temperature rising efficiency is higher. The low-temperature self-starting method of the invention can realize the aim and the effect of the invention without changing the circuit structure of the magnetic suspension hydrogen circulating pump and additionally adding an actuating mechanism for deicing and any sensors such as a displacement sensor, a current sensor and a temperature sensor.
Preferably, in the step A2, the determination of the freezing fault of the hydrogen circulation pump control system includes determining whether the control system is working normally and determining that the detected starting environment is less than 0 ℃; if the following two conditions are met, A21, the control system can work normally when passing the self-checking; A22. and detecting and judging that the starting environmental temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is lower than the melting point of water, judging that the hydrogen circulating pump control system is in the icing fault, and otherwise, judging that the hydrogen circulating pump control system is in other fault states. The accuracy, stability and reliability effectiveness of system fault judgment are improved.
Preferably, between the step A4 and the step A5, ice melting current is applied to the magnetic bearing coil, and the judgment that the ice melting time reaches the preset standard and the judgment that the temperature detection reaches the preset standard are executed, wherein the judgment condition is divided into two conditions, wherein the condition 1 is that the ice melting time of applying the direct current ice melting current reaches the preset standard, and the condition 2 is that the starting environment temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is detected to reach the preset standard; if any or all of the above conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, the step A5 is started to judge whether the process can be performed, and the judgment condition is that whether the rotor can be displaced is detected, if the rotor is detected to be displaced, the control system of the hydrogen circulation pump performs the step A5, and if the rotor cannot be detected to be displaced, the step A4 is performed in a circulating manner.
Preferably, the detection mode for detecting whether the rotor can displace is to switch to applying conditioning current, detect the rotor displacement through a displacement sensor, and judge whether the upper limit of the cycle times is exceeded; and (4) if the displacement of the rotor is detected within the cycle times, entering the step A5, and if the displacement of the rotor is not detected by the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing and exceeds the upper limit of the cycle times, exiting the low-temperature self-starting mode and entering other fault state judgment. The judgment accuracy, reliability and effectiveness of whether the effective ice melting state is met are improved, and the continuous ice melting process is automatically executed in a return mode when the judgment condition is not met.
Preferably, after the step A5 and before the step A6, applying an oscillation ice crushing current to a magnetic bearing coil by using a magnetic suspension bearing gap, so that the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system enters a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode, performing judgment that the ice crushing time reaches a preset standard and judgment that the oscillation peak value reaches a preset standard, and switching to a conventional starting mode according to the judgment to try to normally start the hydrogen pump; the judging condition is divided into two conditions, wherein the condition 3 is that the time for applying the ice crushing current reaches a preset standard, and the condition 4 is that the detected displacement oscillation peak value of the rotor reaches the preset standard; if any one or all of the conditions 3 and 4 are met, the control system of the hydrogen circulating pump is switched to a conventional starting mode, the hydrogen circulating pump is tried to be started normally, the step A6 is executed, if the starting is successful, the application of the oscillating ice crushing current is stopped, the low-temperature self-starting mode is exited, and the system runs normally; if the starting is unsuccessful, the steps A5 to A6 are executed circularly. The reliability, stability and effectiveness of judging the crushed ice state are improved.
Preferably, the step A6 is executed, if the starting is successful, the low-temperature self-starting mode is exited, the normal working mode is started, if the starting is unsuccessful, the step A5 is circularly entered, the oscillating ice crushing current is continuously applied, and whether the upper limit of the circulating times is exceeded or not is judged; and if the starting is successful within the cycle times, the step A7 is carried out, and if the upper limit of the cycle times is exceeded and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing still cannot be successfully started, other fault judgment is carried out. The judgment reliability and the stability effectiveness of the crushed ice state are improved, the process of continuously crushing ice is automatically returned to execute for the state which does not meet the effective crushed ice state, and other fault judgment processing is carried out if necessary.
Preferably, in the process of returning to the step A5, the process is repeated for a plurality of times until the step A7 is executed, and whether the upper limit of the number of times of circulation is exceeded or not is judged, and if the upper limit of the number of times of circulation is exceeded and the magnetic bearing hydrogen circulation pump still cannot be started successfully, other failure judgment is performed. The reliability, stability and effectiveness of state judgment processing after multiple times of cycle execution are improved.
Preferably, in the step A4, applying an ice-melting current is performed by applying a constant direct-current ice-melting current, an end-a sensor and an end-B sensor are respectively arranged at two ends of a rotor A, B, a magnetic bearing controller is used for PWM pulse width modulation, a power amplifier is controlled to apply a constant ice-melting current to radial four-channel magnetic bearing coils at two ends of a rotor A, B, and simultaneously apply a constant ice-melting current to an axial Z magnetic bearing coil, and the current flows through the magnetic bearing coils to generate heat, so that an ice-melting part at a contact position of the rotor and a magnetic suspension bearing is rapidly melted until it is detected that the starting environmental temperature of the hydrogen circulation pump is higher than the melting point of water, or the time for applying the ice-melting current reaches a set value, and it is determined whether the condition for executing the step A5 is satisfied, if the condition is satisfied, the constant ice-melting current is stopped being applied, and the step A5 is executed. The ice melting heat of the magnetic bearing coil is improved, and the rapid ice melting efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the step A5, applying an oscillating ice crushing current is used, the suspension state is maintained in the axial direction, the oscillation conditioning state is entered in the radial direction, and the power amplifier is controlled to apply a corresponding sinusoidal oscillation current I to the two radial bearing coils AY and BY in the X-axis direction at the two ends of the rotor A, B BY the magnetic bearing controller using PWM pulse width modulation AX And I BX Cosine oscillating current I is applied to magnetic bearing coils AY and BY at two ends of a rotor A, B in Y direction AY And I BY The frequency of the oscillation current is 2 Hz-10 Hz, and the amplitude of the oscillation current is 0.5A; until the radial four-channel oscillation amplitude reaches a preset radial displacement oscillation signal peak value standard or the time for applying the vibration ice crushing current reaches a preset value, switching to a conventional starting mode and judging whether starting can be carried out or notAnd (4) if the operation is successful, stopping applying the oscillating ice crushing current and continuing to execute the step A7. The arrangement can reduce the using quantity and cost of the executing elements, improve the quick ice breaking efficiency and meet the requirement of quick start.
Preferably, the preset range of the peak value of the radial displacement oscillation signal is 0.25V-2.75V. The reliability, stability and effectiveness of monitoring when the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump control system is switched to a conventional starting mode are improved, and the reliability is met by improving the quick starting requirement.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the self-heating ice melting and breaking device can perform self-heating in a low-temperature environment, quickly realize the ice melting and breaking effect, and quickly heat and raise the temperature after starting, so as to meet the requirement of quick starting. The magnetic bearing coil can be electrified with constant current, can generate heat automatically and achieves the effect of primary ice melting; the oscillating current is introduced into the magnetic bearing coil, so that the rotor can vibrate, and the ice crushing effect is further achieved; after starting, the system can rapidly heat the motor to reach a normal working state. The mode of constant-current ice melting and oscillation ice crushing is adopted, so that the rapid heating and temperature rising efficiency is higher.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large flow of the low-temperature self-starting method of a hydrogen circulating pump supported by a magnetic suspension bearing.
FIG. 2 is a more detailed flow diagram of the low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic suspension bearing.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of applying constant direct current for deicing by the low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of applying oscillating ice crushing current by the low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic suspension bearing.
Detailed Description
In the embodiments shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, a method for low-temperature self-starting of a hydrogen circulation pump supported by a magnetic bearing includes the following self-starting methods:
A1. electrifying to start 01, entering a conventional starting mode 02, and if the magnetic suspension bearing hydrogen circulating pump 04 is normally started in the conventional mode, indicating that the magnetic suspension bearing supported hydrogen circulating pump can be normally started and operated;
A2. if the system cannot be normally started in the conventional mode, the system enters a hydrogen circulating pump control system icing fault judgment 03, if the icing fault exists in a hydrogen circulating system of the system, the system enters a low-temperature self-starting mode 06, and if the icing fault does not exist in the hydrogen circulating system of the system, the system enters other fault state judgment 05;
A3. after entering a low-temperature self-starting mode, executing the following steps A4 to A5 in two stages;
A4. the first stage of the low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump is a magnetic bearing self-heating ice-melting mode 07 stage, ice-melting current is applied to a magnetic bearing coil in the mode, and the magnetic bearing coil generates heat to melt ice at the contact part of the rotor and the magnetic bearing, so that the effect of rapidly melting ice is achieved, and the rotor can move;
A5. the second stage of the low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump is a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode 09 stage, active vibration control of a rotor is realized by utilizing a magnetic suspension bearing gap in the mode, and oscillation current is applied to a magnetic bearing coil, so that the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system enters the magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode;
A6. after the low-temperature self-starting of the steps A4 to A5, the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump control system is switched to a conventional starting mode, the conventional mode is tried to start, and whether the hydrogen circulating pump 10 can be normally started is judged;
A7. under a conventional starting mode, normal starting and accelerating are completed, and if the speed can be accelerated to a rated rotating speed within a specified time according to an instruction of an upper computer, the starting is successful; if the starting is unsuccessful, continuing returning to the step A3 to execute a low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing;
A8. executing the step A7, circularly executing for many times to a low-temperature starting mode, judging whether the number of times exceeds a cycle number upper limit 08, and if the number of times exceeds the cycle number upper limit and the magnetic suspension bearing hydrogen circulating pump still cannot be successfully started, entering other fault judgment 05;
A9. in the step A7, if the normal start is successful, or the upper limit of the circulation times is not exceeded in the step A8, and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing is successfully started, the starting is successful, the system exits from the low-temperature self-starting mode, normally runs 11, and enters into a normal working state;
A10. and (5) executing the steps until the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump can be started normally, and ending the low-temperature self-starting mode 12.
Specifically, in the step A2, the icing fault determination of the hydrogen circulation pump control system includes determining whether the control system is working normally 031 and determining that the detection start environment is less than 0 ℃ 032; if the following two conditions are met, A21, the control system can work normally when passing the self-checking; A22. and detecting and judging that the starting environment temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is lower than the melting point of water, judging that the hydrogen circulating pump control system is in an icing fault, and otherwise, judging that the hydrogen circulating pump control system is in other fault states.
Applying ice-melting current to the magnetic bearing coil between the step A4 and the step A5, judging whether the ice-melting time reaches a preset standard 071 and the temperature reaches a preset standard 072, and judging whether the step A5 of the second stage 073 can be entered or not according to the judgment; the judgment condition is divided into two conditions, wherein the condition 1 is that the ice melting time of applying the direct-current ice melting current reaches a preset standard, and the condition 2 is that the starting environment temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is detected to reach the preset standard; if any or all of the above conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, the step A5 is started to judge whether the process can be performed, and the judgment condition is that whether the rotor can be displaced is detected, if the rotor is detected to be displaced, the control system of the hydrogen circulation pump performs the step A5, and if the rotor cannot be detected to be displaced, the step A4 is performed in a circulating manner.
The detection mode for detecting whether the rotor can be displaced is to switch to applying conditioning current, detect the displacement of the rotor through a displacement sensor and judge whether the upper limit of the cycle times is exceeded; and (4) if the displacement of the rotor is detected within the cycle times, entering the step A5, and if the displacement of the rotor is not detected by the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing and exceeds the upper limit of the cycle times, exiting the low-temperature self-starting mode and entering other fault state judgment.
After the step A5 and before the step A6, applying oscillation ice crushing current to a magnetic bearing coil by utilizing a magnetic suspension bearing gap to enable a magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system to enter a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode, judging whether the ice crushing time reaches a preset standard 091 and judging whether the oscillation peak value reaches a preset standard 092, switching to a conventional starting mode according to the judgment, and trying to normally start a hydrogen circulating pump 093; the judging condition is divided into two conditions, wherein the condition 3 is that the time for applying the ice crushing current reaches a preset standard, and the condition 4 is that the detected rotor displacement oscillation peak value reaches the preset standard; if any or all of the conditions 3 and 4 are met, the control system of the hydrogen circulating pump is switched to a conventional starting mode, the hydrogen circulating pump is tried to be started normally, the step A6 is executed, if the starting is successful, the application of the oscillating ice crushing current is stopped, the low-temperature self-starting mode is exited, and the system runs normally; if the starting is unsuccessful, the steps A5 to A6 are executed circularly. If none of the 2 condition criteria is satisfied, the process does not proceed to the step A6, and the process returns to the step A5 and continues to apply the oscillating ice crushing current. And in the process of returning to the step A5, circularly executing the step A9 for multiple times, judging whether the cycle number exceeds the upper limit of the cycle number, and if the cycle number exceeds the upper limit of the cycle number and the magnetic bearing hydrogen circulating pump still cannot be started successfully, entering other fault judgment. Executing the step A6, if the starting is successful, exiting the low-temperature self-starting mode, starting the normal working mode, if the starting is unsuccessful, circularly entering the step A5, continuously applying the oscillating ice crushing current, and judging whether the upper limit of the circulation times is exceeded; and if the starting is successful within the cycle times, the step A7 is carried out, and if the upper limit of the cycle times is exceeded and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing still cannot be successfully started, other fault judgment is carried out.
In the step A4, applying ice-melting current adopts applying constant direct current ice-melting current, an A-terminal sensor and a B-terminal sensor (shown in figure 3) are respectively arranged at two ends of a rotor A, B, a power amplifier is controlled to respectively apply constant ice-melting current (0.5A) to radial four-channel magnetic bearing coils (AX, BX, AY and BY) at two ends of a rotor A, B BY adopting PWM pulse width modulation through a magnetic bearing controller, meanwhile, constant ice-melting current (0.6A) is also applied to an axial Z magnetic bearing coil, the current flows through the magnetic bearing coils to generate heat, the icing part at the contact position of the rotor and a magnetic bearing is rapidly melted until the starting environmental temperature of a hydrogen circulating pump is detected to be higher than the melting point of water, or the time of applying the ice-melting current reaches a set value, whether the condition of executing the step A5 is met or not is judged, if the condition is met, the constant ice-melting current is stopped to be applied, and the step A5 is executed.
In the step A5, applying oscillating ice crushing current, namely applying oscillating ice crushing current, axially keeping a suspension state, radially entering an oscillation conditioning state, and applying corresponding sinusoidal oscillation current I to two radial bearing coils AY and BY in the X-axis direction at two ends of a rotor A, B BY a power amplifier under the control of a magnetic bearing controller BY PWM pulse width modulation AX And I BX Cosine oscillating current I is applied to magnetic bearing coils AY and BY at two ends of a rotor A, B in Y direction AY And I BY The frequency of the oscillation current is 2 Hz-10 Hz, and the amplitude of the oscillation current is 0.5A; and switching to a conventional starting mode and judging whether the starting is successful or not until the oscillation amplitude of the radial four channels reaches a preset radial displacement oscillation signal peak value standard or the time for applying the vibration ice crushing current reaches a preset value, if so, stopping applying the vibration ice crushing current, and continuing to execute the step A7.
The preset range of the radial displacement oscillation signal peak value is 0.25V-2.75V. And until the starting ambient temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is detected to be higher than the melting point of water, the detection temperature judgment value of the set ambient temperature is more than 5 ℃. The reliability and effectiveness of self-heating ice melting of the magnetic bearing are improved, the oscillation ice crushing difficulty of the second-stage oscillation ice crushing mode is reduced, the quick ice crushing efficiency is improved, the quick starting requirement is improved, and the effectiveness is met. The starting ambient temperature monitoring of the starting ambient temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump obtains the linear relation between the temperature and the voltage by adopting a PT100 temperature sensor and a temperature sensor driving circuit. The effectiveness of acquiring the started environmental temperature data through real-time monitoring is improved. Further, the constant ice melting current is 0.3-0.5A. The ice-melting heat of the magnetic bearing coil is improved, and the rapid ice-melting efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, when the controller of the magnetic bearing hydrogen circulation pump receives a signal of the ambient temperature obtained by sampling from the PT100 temperature sensor, and the system self-test is passed, the system enters the low-temperature self-starting mode; after the stage of self-heating ice melting, a magnetic bearing controller adopts PWM pulse width modulation to control a power amplifier to respectively apply constant ice melting current (0.5A) to radial four-channel magnetic bearing coils (AX, BX, AY and BY) at two ends of a rotor A, B, and simultaneously apply constant ice melting current (0.6A) to an axial Z magnetic bearing coil (not shown in figure 3), the current flows through the magnetic bearing coils to generate heat, so that an iced part of a contact position (a rotor floating ring position) of the rotor and a magnetic suspension bearing is rapidly melted until the temperature of a starting environment of a hydrogen circulating pump is detected to be higher than the melting point of water or the time for applying the constant current reaches a set value, whether the rotor can be displaced is judged BY a displacement sensor to enter a second stage of a low-temperature self-starting mode is determined, if the rotor cannot enter the next stage, the step is executed in a circulating mode, and if the rotor can enter the second stage, the constant ice melting current is temporarily applied, and the second stage is oscillated ice crushing mode is started.
As shown in fig. 4, after entering the second stage of low-temperature self-starting, an oscillating ice-breaking current is applied to the four-channel radial magnetic bearing, and at this time, the four-channel radial magnetic bearing is axially kept in a stable suspension state and radially enters an oscillating state; the power amplifier is controlled to apply corresponding sinusoidal oscillation current I to two radial bearing coils AY and BY in the X-axis direction at two ends of a rotor A, B respectively BY adopting PWM pulse width modulation through a magnetic bearing controller AX And I BX Cosine oscillating current I is applied to magnetic bearing coils AY and BY at two ends of a rotor A, B in Y direction AY And I BY The frequency of the oscillation current is 2 Hz-10 Hz, and the amplitude of the oscillation current is 0.5A; until the radial four-channel oscillation amplitude reaches the preset radial displacement oscillation signal peak value standard or the oscillation ice crushing current applying time reaches the preset value, tastingStarting in a trial and conventional manner; if the normal start is unsuccessful, the second phase is executed in a loop until the normal start is successful, and the application of the oscillating ice crushing current is stopped.
In the flow chart of each step, the Y mark represents a yes state, and the N mark represents a no state.
The reason that the magnetic bearing system can enter the first stage (self-heating ice-melt) is: compared with the traditional motor, the impedance of the magnetic bearing coil is larger than that of the motor, the magnetic bearing coil can generate more heat as the constant ice-melting current with the same size, and the contact surface of the magnetic bearing suspension rotor and the magnetic bearing is frozen, so that the magnetic bearing coil is heated, and the ice-melting effect can be rapidly achieved.
Reasons for the magnetic bearing system to enter the second stage (ice-melt oscillation): the self-heating ice melting is mainly focused on changing the starting environment temperature and the contact position of the rotor and the magnetic bearing (the rotor falls on a floating ring of the magnetic bearing before being suspended), and the ice blocks on the blades and other parts are more efficient by adopting the mode of oscillating and crushing ice.
Compared with a mechanical bearing, the magnetic suspension bearing has a certain gap, and the bearing can be actively controlled, so that the oscillation of the rotor can be realized by introducing a certain regular oscillation current to the radial magnetic bearing coil without an additional actuating element.
In the positional relationship description of the present invention, the appearance of terms such as "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings is merely for convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operation, and thus, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing summary and the following detailed description of the invention provide examples of the basic principles, features, and advantages of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The foregoing examples and description have been provided merely to illustrate the principles of the invention and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A low-temperature self-starting method of a hydrogen circulating pump supported by a magnetic suspension bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following self-starting method
A1. Starting power-on, entering a conventional starting mode, and if the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic suspension bearing is normally started in the conventional mode, indicating that the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic suspension bearing can be normally started and operated;
A2. if the system cannot be normally started in the conventional mode, the system enters a hydrogen circulating pump control system icing fault judgment mode, if the icing fault exists in a hydrogen circulating system of the system, the system enters a low-temperature self-starting mode, and if the icing fault does not exist, the system enters other fault state judgment;
A3. after entering a low-temperature self-starting mode, executing the following steps A4 to A5 in two stages;
A4. the first stage of the low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump is a magnetic bearing self-heating ice melting mode stage; in the mode state, ice melting current is applied to the magnetic bearing coil, and the magnetic bearing coil generates heat for melting ice at the contact part of the rotor and the magnetic bearing, so that the effect of rapidly melting ice is achieved, and the rotor can move;
A5. the second stage of the low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump is a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode stage; under the mode state, active vibration control of a rotor is realized by utilizing the magnetic suspension bearing gap, and oscillation current is applied to a magnetic bearing coil, so that the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system enters a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode;
A6. after the low-temperature self-starting of the steps A4 to A5, the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump control system is switched to a conventional starting mode, the conventional mode is tried to start, and whether the hydrogen circulating pump can be normally started is judged;
A7. under a conventional starting mode, normal starting and accelerating are completed, and if the speed can be accelerated to a rated rotating speed within a specified time according to an instruction of an upper computer, the starting is successful; if the starting is unsuccessful, continuing returning to the step A3 to execute a low-temperature self-starting mode of the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing;
A8. executing the step A7, circularly executing for many times to a low-temperature starting mode, judging whether the cycle number exceeds the upper limit of the cycle number, and if the cycle number exceeds the upper limit of the cycle number and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing still cannot be started successfully, entering other fault judgment;
A9. in the step A7, if the normal starting is successful, or the upper limit of the circulation times is not exceeded in the step A8, and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic suspension bearing can be successfully started, the starting is successful, the system exits from the low-temperature self-starting mode, normally runs, and enters a normal working state;
A10. executing the steps until the magnetic suspension hydrogen pump can be normally started, and ending the low-temperature self-starting mode;
applying ice-melting current to the magnetic bearing coil between the step A4 and the step A5, and judging that the ice-melting time reaches a preset standard and judging that the temperature detection reaches the preset standard; judging conditions are divided into two conditions, wherein the condition 1 is that the ice melting time of applying the direct-current ice melting current reaches a preset standard, and the condition 2 is that the starting environment temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is detected to reach the preset standard; if any or all of the above conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, the step A5 is started to judge whether the process can be performed, and the judgment condition is that whether the rotor can be displaced is detected, if the rotor is detected to be displaced, the control system of the hydrogen circulation pump performs the step A5, and if the rotor cannot be detected to be displaced, the step A4 is performed in a circulating manner.
2. The low-temperature self-starting method for the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic suspension bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A2, the icing fault judgment of the hydrogen circulating pump control system comprises the judgment of whether the control system works normally or not and the judgment of the detection starting environment being less than 0 ℃; if the following two conditions are met, A21, the control system can work normally when passing the self-checking; A22. and detecting and judging that the starting environmental temperature of the hydrogen circulating pump is lower than the melting point of water, judging that the hydrogen circulating pump control system is in the icing fault, and otherwise, judging that the hydrogen circulating pump control system is in other fault states.
3. The low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the detection mode for detecting whether the rotor can be displaced is to switch to applying conditioning current, detect the displacement of the rotor through a displacement sensor and judge whether the upper limit of the cycle times is exceeded; and (4) if the displacement of the rotor is detected within the cycle number, entering the step A5, and if the displacement of the rotor is detected to exceed the upper limit of the cycle number and the displacement of the rotor still cannot be detected by the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing, exiting the low-temperature self-starting mode and entering other fault state judgment.
4. The low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: after the step A5 and before the step A6, applying oscillation ice crushing current to a magnetic bearing coil by utilizing a magnetic suspension bearing gap to enable a magnetic suspension hydrogen pump system to enter a magnetic bearing oscillation ice crushing mode, judging whether the ice crushing time reaches a preset standard or not and judging whether the oscillation peak value reaches the preset standard, judging and executing switching to a conventional starting mode according to the judgment, and trying to normally start a hydrogen circulating pump; the judging condition is divided into two conditions, wherein the condition 3 is that the time for applying the ice crushing current reaches a preset standard, and the condition 4 is that the detected rotor displacement oscillation peak value reaches the preset standard; if any or all of the conditions 3 and 4 are met, the control system of the hydrogen circulating pump is switched to a conventional starting mode, the hydrogen circulating pump is tried to be started normally, the step A6 is executed, if the starting is successful, the application of the oscillating ice crushing current is stopped, the low-temperature self-starting mode is exited, and the system runs normally; if the starting is unsuccessful, the steps A5 to A6 are executed circularly.
5. The low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing as claimed in claim 4, wherein: executing the step A6, if the starting is successful, exiting the low-temperature self-starting mode, starting the normal working mode, if the starting is unsuccessful, circularly entering the step A5, continuously applying the oscillating ice crushing current, and judging whether the upper limit of the circulation times is exceeded; and if the starting is successful within the cycle times, the step A7 is carried out, and if the upper limit of the cycle times is exceeded and the hydrogen circulating pump of the magnetic bearing still cannot be successfully started, other fault judgment is carried out.
6. The low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A4, applying ice-melting current adopts applying constant direct current ice-melting current, arranging an A-end sensor and a B-end sensor at two ends of a rotor A, B respectively, controlling a power amplifier to apply constant ice-melting current to radial four-channel magnetic bearing coils at two ends of a rotor A, B respectively by a magnetic bearing controller through PWM pulse width modulation, simultaneously applying constant ice-melting current to an axial Z magnetic bearing coil, enabling the current to flow through the magnetic bearing coils to generate heat, rapidly melting an ice part at the contact position of the rotor and a magnetic suspension bearing until the starting environmental temperature of a hydrogen circulating pump is detected to be higher than the melting point of water or the time of applying the ice-melting current reaches a set value, judging whether the condition for executing the step A5 is met, if the condition is met, stopping applying the constant ice-melting current, and executing the step A5.
7. The low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A5, applying oscillating ice crushing current, namely applying oscillating ice crushing current, axially keeping a suspension state, radially entering an oscillation conditioning state, and applying corresponding sinusoidal oscillation current I to two radial bearing coils AY and BY in the X-axis direction at two ends of a rotor A, B BY a power amplifier under the control of a magnetic bearing controller BY PWM pulse width modulation AX And I BX Cosine oscillating current I is applied to magnetic bearing coils AY and BY at two ends of a rotor A, B in Y direction AY And I BY The frequency of the oscillation current is 2 Hz-10 Hz, and the amplitude of the oscillation current is 0.5A;and switching to a conventional starting mode and judging whether the starting is successful or not until the radial four-channel oscillation amplitude reaches a preset radial displacement oscillation signal peak value standard or the time for applying the vibration ice crushing current reaches a preset value, and if the starting is successful, stopping applying the vibration ice crushing current and continuing to execute the step A7.
8. The low-temperature self-starting method of the hydrogen circulating pump supported by the magnetic bearing as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the preset range of the radial displacement oscillation signal peak value is 0.25V-2.75V.
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| FR2747431B1 (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1998-07-03 | Soc D Mecanique Magnetique | TURBOMOLECULAR PUMP WITH ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARINGS |
| JP2006164750A (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-22 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
| JP4894553B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2012-03-14 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Centrifugal air compressor |
| CN110429300B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-06-15 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Starting method and starting device for hydrogen circulation pump and fuel cell system |
| CN111710887A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-25 | 苏州瑞驱电动科技有限公司 | Ice-breaking starting method of hydrogen circulating pump in hydrogen fuel cell system |
| CN113090558A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-09 | 北京艾尔航空科技有限责任公司 | Hydrogen circulating pump and hydrogen fuel cell system |
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