CN113622036A - Superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113622036A CN113622036A CN202111093651.6A CN202111093651A CN113622036A CN 113622036 A CN113622036 A CN 113622036A CN 202111093651 A CN202111093651 A CN 202111093651A CN 113622036 A CN113622036 A CN 113622036A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
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Abstract
The invention provides a superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: vacuumizing the inner cavity of a rotary drum of equipment for spinning; heating by a rotary drum, and then filling nitrogen to break vacuum; the slices are subjected to tackifying in a rotary drum, the slices are heated and dried in a high-temperature vacuum state, solid-phase polycondensation is carried out, the molecular weight of the slices is improved, low-molecular substances and water molecules are separated from a slice main body, the viscosity of the slices subjected to tackifying reaches 1.30-1.50, and the water content is less than or equal to 5 ppm; according to the invention, a high-temperature vacuum environment is utilized, water molecules and low-molecular substances are removed in the slicing and tackifying process, and the stability of a solution in a slicing molten state is ensured; meanwhile, the slow cooling area can ensure the temperature of the spinneret plate surface, avoid irregular spinning section shape and abnormal filaments, and improve the quality of the spinning finished product; the titer of the produced polyester monofilament is between 4.5 and 16dtex, and the yarn evenness of the monofilament is between 0.5 and 1.0 percent, which is far higher than the industrial level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of spinning equipment, in particular to a superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and a preparation method thereof.
Background
For chip spinning, chips are raw materials for chemical fiber production, the subsequent stable production can be directly influenced by the chip drying degree, the existence of chip dust and the temperature difference polyester produced by polyester monofilament spinning, in the prior art, a specific method for improving the polyester monofilament production process aiming at the problems is not provided, and the quality of the polyester monofilament product produced in China at present cannot be effectively guaranteed;
on the one hand, in the process of producing polyester chips, the viscosity is generally between 0.67 and 0.70, and more or less chip dust is generated in the polyester chips in the polymerization reaction before the chips due to insufficient polymerization reaction, chip tails generated in the dicing of a dicing machine, friction of the chips in an extraction section and other factors. The hazard of such dust present in the chips is very great. After the polyester is made into slices, the polyester slices need to enter a drying system for drying, and when dust exists, the dust and the polyester slices are dried together in the drying system. The surface area of the dust is large and is equivalent to that of human body dander, the surface area of the polyester chip is relatively small, the surface areas of the polyester chip and the polyester chip are different, and different viscosity can be generated under the condition that the drying system has the same temperature, so that the melting temperature of a downstream spinning screw is not well adjusted, and the phenomena of insufficient silk strength, frequent end breakage and the like of the prepared chemical fiber are caused.
On the other hand, there are many kinds of chip drying processes currently used in China, and some of them are introduced from abroad, but in recent years, new equipment is developed in China. With the continuous development of differential fibers such as superfine denier, the drying requirement on the slices is higher and higher, so that polyester filaments with various purposes, such as superfine denier filaments, porous filaments, imitated silk, special-shaped filaments and the like, need to be produced, and great challenges are brought to process research; in the spinning process of the polyester monofilament, the quality requirement on slice drying is higher than that of conventional spinning, the water content of a dried slice is generally required to be below 20ppm, in order to ensure the spinning quality and the spinning production to be normal, the slice drying process and the slice drying process need to be continuously optimized and modified, and the traditional drying mode and drying equipment have the defects of high water content and large fluctuation after the slice is dried, so that the production of the polyester monofilament cannot be met.
In addition, the spinning temperature is an important parameter in the spinning production process condition; the spinning temperature of the monofilament (the temperature is equal to the surface temperature of the spinneret plate in the normal production process) is generally about 275-; due to this large difference between the spinneret and the ambient temperature, it may lead to strong heat transfer between the two; the heat on the surface of the spinneret plate is quickly transferred to the surrounding air, so that the temperature on the surface of the spinneret plate is quickly reduced, the reduction of the temperature influences the spinnability of a melt and the quality of spun tows, particularly the influence on bottom layer yarns in the first falling and winding forming of the spinneret plate is the largest, and the phenomenon is shown that the tension fluctuation of part of the tows in post-processing is obvious, the quality of processed spinning products cannot be ensured, the number of middle broken ends is large, the cross section of the spinning is irregular in shape, and special-shaped yarns appear, so that the post-processing performance and the quality of finished products are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In the spinning process of the polyester monofilaments, dust in the slices cannot be effectively removed, and the filament diameter strength of the polyester monofilaments is influenced; meanwhile, the drying mode of the traditional textile equipment has the defects of high water content and large fluctuation after the slices are dried, and the raw polyester monofilaments cannot be met; meanwhile, the spinneret plate has large temperature difference with the external environment, so that the quality of a processed spinning product cannot be guaranteed, the number of broken ends in the middle is large, the shape of a spinning section is irregular, special-shaped yarns are generated, and the subsequent processing performance and the quality of a finished product are seriously influenced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1:
before feeding, vacuumizing the inner cavity of a rotary drum of common spinning equipment;
s2: the slices are automatically sucked by the rotary drum to finish feeding;
s3: the drum temperature is heated to 215-235 ℃; thickening the slices in a rotary drum; in the process, the vacuum pumping is continuously carried out; heating and drying the slices in a high-temperature vacuum state; performing solid phase polycondensation to improve the molecular weight, separating low molecular substances and water molecules from the slice main body, and enabling the water content of the slice after the viscosity increase to be less than or equal to 5 ppm; the characteristic viscosity number of the slices is increased to 1.3-1.5;
s4: filling nitrogen into an inner cavity of the rotary drum to break vacuum, wherein the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum needs to be less than or equal to 10 ppm;
s5: after the slices are dried, stopping heating the rotary drum until the temperature of the rotary drum is reduced to 45-55 ℃;
s6: and (4) screening the materials of the slices after the bonding is enhanced by a material screening machine, and collecting the slices with the water content less than or equal to 5ppm in a centralized manner to remove dust.
S7: putting the slices into a screw extruder and then carrying out melt extrusion;
s8: removing impurities from the melt through a melt filter to obtain a spinning melt;
s9: spinning the spinning melt into filaments from a spinning box body, and finally discharging the filaments through a slow cooling area inside a spinneret plate and a hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe outside the spinneret plate.
Preferably, in step S1 and step S3, when the vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum reaches 5-20Pa, the vacuumizing operation is stopped, and then nitrogen is filled to break the vacuum.
Preferably, the preheating zone temperature of the screw extruder in step S7: 230 ℃ and 285 ℃, and the temperature of the melting zone: 285 ℃ and 310 ℃, and the temperature of the metering zone: 290 ℃ and 320 ℃, and the pump supply of the outlet machine: 60-100 g/min, screw pressure: 150 to 300kg/cm2(ii) a In the step S8, the temperature of the spinning box body is 275-295 ℃, and the speed is as follows: 800-.
Preferably, the slow cooling zones comprise a first slow cooling zone, a second slow cooling zone and a third slow cooling zone; heating temperature of the first slow cooling zone: 275 ℃ to 300 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone: 220 ℃ and 240 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone: 100-120 ℃.
Preferably, the hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe is provided with a plurality of pipes, the pipe wall of the hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe is filled with cooling liquid, the radiation cooling temperature in the pipe is 12-20 ℃, and the polyester monofilaments penetrate through the hollow part in the pipe.
The superfine high-strength polyester monofilament is prepared by the preparation method, and has the following diameter: 18-60 μm.
The superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
in the tackifying process, the rotary drum is in a high-temperature and vacuum state, the high-molecular slices are subjected to solid-phase polycondensation, internal water molecules and low-molecular substances are extruded out, then the continuously filled nitrogen is discharged, the water content of the slices after tackifying is less than or equal to 5ppm, and the water content of the slices is greatly reduced; on the other hand, the material screening machine is used for screening and respectively processing the slices, the dust and the nitrogen to obtain the slices with lower dust content, the stability of slice processing in a molten state is ensured, and meanwhile, the nitrogen flows back to the nitrogen filling mechanism to achieve the purpose of saving the production cost.
The spinneret plate is provided with a slow cooling area, and the first slow cooling area is directly connected with the spinning box body and has a temperature close to that of the spinning box body, so that the normal filament outlet temperature of the polyester monofilaments is met; the second slow cooling area is equivalent to the fact that a fault is added between an external environment and the slow cooling area, the temperature of the second slow cooling area is lower than that of the first slow cooling area but higher than that of the first slow cooling area, the polyester monofilaments output by the first slow cooling area are buffered in the filament diameter temperature, the third slow cooling area is in direct contact with the hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe but higher than the temperature in the hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe, the polyester monofilaments output by the second slow cooling area are buffered again, the tension fluctuation of the polyester monofilaments is reduced, the irregular shape of the cross section of the spun yarn is avoided, the special-shaped yarn is produced, and the quality of the spun finished product is improved.
The titer of the produced polyester monofilament is between 4.5 and 16dtex, and the unevenness of the diameter of the polyester monofilament produced in one time is between 0.5 and 1.0 percent.
Drawings
The invention and its features, aspects and advantages will become more apparent from reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a spinneret plate according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As used herein, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the positional or orientational relationship illustrated in the figures to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The appearances of the terms first, second, and third, if any, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be limiting or imply relative importance.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention without making creative efforts, belong to the protection scope of the invention.
In the spinning process of the polyester monofilaments, dust in the slices cannot be effectively removed, and the filament diameter strength of the polyester monofilaments is influenced; meanwhile, the drying mode of the traditional textile equipment has the defects of high water content and large fluctuation after the slices are dried, and the raw polyester monofilaments cannot be met; meanwhile, because the temperature difference between the spinneret plate and the external environment is large, the quality of a processed spinning product cannot be guaranteed, the number of broken ends in the middle is large, the shape of a spinning section is irregular, special-shaped yarns are generated, and the subsequent processing performance and the quality of a finished product are seriously influenced, the invention provides a preparation method of a superfine high-strength polyester monofilament, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: before feeding, vacuumizing the inner cavity of a rotary drum of common spinning equipment;
s2: the slices are automatically sucked by the rotary drum to finish feeding;
s3: the drum temperature is heated to 215-235 ℃; thickening the slices in a rotary drum; in the process, the vacuum pumping is continuously carried out; heating and drying the slices in a high-temperature vacuum state; performing solid phase polycondensation to improve the molecular weight, separating low molecular substances and water molecules from the slice main body, and enabling the water content of the slice after the viscosity increase to be less than or equal to 5 ppm; the characteristic viscosity number of the slices is increased to 1.3-1.5;
s4: filling nitrogen into an inner cavity of the rotary drum to break vacuum, wherein the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum needs to be less than or equal to 10 ppm;
s5: after the slices are dried, stopping heating the rotary drum until the temperature of the rotary drum is reduced to 45-55 ℃;
s6: and (4) screening the materials of the slices after the bonding is enhanced by a material screening machine, and collecting the slices with the water content less than or equal to 5ppm in a centralized manner to remove dust.
S7: putting the slices into a screw extruder and then carrying out melt extrusion;
s8: removing impurities from the melt through a melt filter to obtain a spinning melt;
s9: spinning melt is spun into filaments from a spinning box body, and finally the filaments are discharged through a slow cooling area inside a spinneret plate and a hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe 2 outside the spinneret plate.
And in the steps S1 and S3, when the vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum reaches 5-20Pa, the vacuumizing operation is stopped, and then nitrogen is filled for breaking the vacuum.
Preheating zone temperature of screw extruder in step S7: 230 ℃ and 285 ℃, and the temperature of the melting zone: 285 ℃ and 310 ℃, and the temperature of the metering zone: 290 ℃ and 320 ℃, and the pump supply of the outlet machine: 60-100 g/min, screw pressure: 150 to 300kg/cm2(ii) a In the step S8, the temperature of the spinning box body is 275-295 ℃, and the speed is as follows: 800-.
The slow cooling zone 1 comprises a first slow cooling zone 101, a second slow cooling zone 102 and a third slow cooling zone 103; heating temperature of first slow cooling zone 101: 275 ℃ to 300 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone 102: 220 ℃ and 240 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone 103: 100 ℃ to 120 ℃;
in the invention, a hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe (with the patent publication number of CN101935888B) which is independently developed by the inventor is adopted, cooling liquid is introduced into the pipe wall to cool polyester monofilaments passing through the pipe, a plurality of hollow tubular radiation cooling pipes 2 are arranged and matched with spinneret orifices of a spinneret plate for use, and the radiation cooling temperature in the pipe is 12-20 ℃. The material screening machine adopts a dead weight type material screening machine (with the patent publication number of CN204817121U) independently developed by the department of China to automatically screen and respectively process nitrogen, dust and slices, wherein the dust is discharged outside, the nitrogen is recycled, and the slices are collected in a centralized manner.
The superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament prepared by the superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and the preparation method thereof has the advantages that the produced monofilament has the fiber diameter of 18-60 mu m, the fineness of 4.5-16dtex and the yarn evenness of the monofilament is 0.5-1.0%.
Example 1
The vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is as follows: 20 Pa; the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is 10 ppm; melting zone temperature: 285 ℃; pump supply out: 60 g/min; screw pressure: 150kg/cm2(ii) a The temperature of the spinning manifold is 280 ℃; spinning speed: 800 m/min; heating temperature of first slow cooling zone 101: 280 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone 102: 220 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone 103: 100 ℃; cooling temperature by radiation in tube: 12 ℃ is used.
The produced single filament fineness of polyester: 5 dtex; diameter of polyester monofilament: 55 μm; the non-uniformity of the fiber diameter of the single-time produced silk: 1.0 percent.
Example 2
The vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is as follows: 18 Pa; the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is 9 ppm; melting zone temperature: 290 ℃; pump supply out: 70 g/min; screw pressure: 170kg/cm2(ii) a The temperature of the spinning box body is 290 ℃; spinning speed: 900 m/min; heating temperature of first slow cooling zone 101: 290 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone 102: 220 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone 103: 100 ℃; cooling temperature by radiation in tube: 15 ℃ is prepared.
The produced single filament fineness of polyester: 6.5 dtex; diameter of polyester monofilament: 49 μm; the non-uniformity of the fiber diameter of the single-time produced silk: 0.7 percent.
Example 3
The vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is as follows: 18 Pa; the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is 9 ppm; melting zone temperature: 300 ℃; pump supply out: 80 g/min; screw pressure: 260kg/cm2(ii) a The temperature of the spinning box body is 295 ℃; spinning speed: 950 m/min; heating temperature of first slow cooling zone 101: 295 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone 102: 230 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone 103: 120 ℃; cooling temperature by radiation in tube: 13 ℃.
The produced single filament fineness of polyester: 7.0 dtex; diameter of polyester monofilament: 28 μm; the non-uniformity of the fiber diameter of the single-time produced silk: 0.8 percent.
Example 4
The vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is as follows: 10 Pa; the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is 8 ppm; melting zone temperature: 305 ℃; pump supply out: 90 g/min; screw pressure: 260kg/cm2(ii) a The temperature of the spinning box body is 295 ℃; spinning speed: 1100 m/min; heating temperature of first slow cooling zone 101: 295 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone 102: 235 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone 103: 120 ℃; cooling temperature by radiation in tube: at 18 ℃.
The produced single filament fineness of polyester: 12.0 dtex; diameter of polyester monofilament: 34 μm; the non-uniformity of the fiber diameter of the single-time produced silk: 0.75 percent.
Example 5
The vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is as follows: 5 Pa; the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum is 7 ppm; melting zone temperature: 305 ℃; pump supply out: 100 g/min; screw pressure: 290kg/cm2(ii) a The temperature of the spinning box body is 295 ℃; spinning speed: 1200 m/min; heating temperature of first slow cooling zone 101: 275 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone 102: 220 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone 103: 100 ℃; cooling temperature by radiation in tube: at 20 ℃.
The produced single filament fineness of polyester: 15.5 dtex; diameter of polyester monofilament: 20 μm; the non-uniformity of the fiber diameter of the single-time produced silk: 0.55 percent.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present patent application and are not intended to limit the present patent application. Modifications and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this patent application. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed in the present application shall be covered by the claims of this patent application.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the superfine denier high-strength polyester monofilament is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: before feeding, vacuumizing the inner cavity of a rotary drum of common spinning equipment;
s2: the slices are automatically sucked by the rotary drum to finish feeding;
s3: the drum temperature is heated to 215-235 ℃; thickening the slices in a rotary drum; in the process, the vacuum pumping is continuously carried out; heating and drying the slices in a high-temperature vacuum state; performing solid phase polycondensation to improve the molecular weight, separating low molecular substances and water molecules from the slice main body, and enabling the water content of the slice after the viscosity increase to be less than or equal to 5 ppm; the characteristic viscosity number of the slices is increased to 1.3-1.5;
s4: filling nitrogen into an inner cavity of the rotary drum to break vacuum, wherein the oxygen content of the inner cavity of the rotary drum needs to be less than or equal to 10 ppm;
s5: stopping heating the rotary drum after the viscosity of the slices meets the requirement, and cooling the rotary drum to 45-55 ℃;
s6: and (4) screening the materials of the slices after the bonding is enhanced by a nitrogen-filled material screening machine, and collecting the slices with the water content less than or equal to 5ppm in a centralized manner to remove dust.
S7: placing the slices into a screw extruder in an oxygen-free state and then carrying out melt extrusion;
s8: removing impurities from the melt through a melt filter to obtain a spinning melt;
s9: spinning the spinning melt into filaments from a spinning box, passing through a slow cooling area inside a spinneret plate and finally discharging the filaments from a hollow tubular radiation cooling pipe.
2. The method for preparing the superfine denier high strength polyester monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S1 and the step S3, when the vacuum degree of the inner cavity of the rotary drum reaches 5-20Pa, the vacuumizing operation is stopped, and then nitrogen is filled for breaking the vacuum.
3. The ultra-fine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: preheating zone temperature of screw extruder in step S7: 230 ℃ and 285 ℃, and the temperature of the melting zone: 285 ℃ and 310 ℃, and the temperature of the metering zone: 290 ℃ and 320 ℃, and the pump supply of the outlet machine: 60-100 g/min, screw pressure: 150 to 300kg/cm2(ii) a In the step S8, the temperature of the spinning box body is 275-295 ℃, and the speed is as follows: 800-.
4. The method for preparing the superfine denier high strength polyester monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slow cooling areas comprise a first slow cooling area, a second slow cooling area and a third slow cooling area; heating temperature of the first slow cooling zone: 275 ℃ to 300 ℃; heating temperature of the second slow cooling zone: 220 ℃ and 240 ℃; heating temperature of the third slow cooling zone: 100-120 ℃.
5. The ultra-fine denier high-strength polyester monofilament and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hollow tubular radiation cooling pipes are arranged in a plurality of numbers, and the radiation cooling temperature in the pipes is 12-20 ℃.
6. An ultra-fine denier high strength polyester monofilament produced by the method of manufacturing the ultra-fine denier high strength polyester monofilament according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the diameter of the ultra-fine denier high strength polyester monofilament is: 18-60 μm.
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