CN113619673A - Magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure and method - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113619673A CN113619673A CN202110884298.7A CN202110884298A CN113619673A CN 113619673 A CN113619673 A CN 113619673A CN 202110884298 A CN202110884298 A CN 202110884298A CN 113619673 A CN113619673 A CN 113619673A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/04—Hand wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/24—Accessories for locating and holding cores or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy cold bending, and relates to a magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure and a method; the assembly clearance between the spoke grooves of the magnesium alloy steering wheel and the embedded steel bars is set within 1 mm; preferably, the fitting clearance is optimally selected to be 0.04 mm; preferably, the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3mm. A method for embedding and locking a magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar in cold bending comprises the following steps: the die-casting die is improved: modifying the assembly size of the assembly gap obtained by the die-casting mould to be 0.04 mm; the pressure riveting die is improved in pressure claw: changing a straight surface of 90 degrees in the pressing claw into a curved surface r3 tangent to r 10; the invention effectively solves the key problem that the nonferrous metal and the ferrous metal are easy to break and deform during cold assembly, and has excellent experimental effect. The whole process is not only applied to the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework, but also has the advantages of short production period, rapidness, convenience, stable and firm locking force, no damage to the steering wheel, no deformation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy cold bending, and relates to a magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure and a method.
Background
The process for embedding the steel bars into the die-cast magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is considered to be adopted only on a high-performance vehicle internationally, the steering wheel processing process can improve the good shock absorption and stability of the vehicle in high-speed driving and extreme road conditions, and the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework of the die-cast process has the characteristics of large unit density, high safety coefficient, high fatigue strength and long service life. The composite material is a composite body combining a material forming technology and a processing mechanical technology, solves the problems of large weight, poor shock absorption, poor comfort, low fatigue strength and the like of the conventional steel steering wheel, and also solves the problem of insufficient mechanical property of a single magnesium alloy steering wheel framework although the single magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is light.
At present, high-performance sports cars are generally produced by adopting a carbon fiber process internationally, but the cost is too high. The BMW series magnesium alloy steering wheel skeleton products are loaded by two products imported from our factory and abroad in a collinear manner, but the imported products do not solve the problem, and the technical problem is solved by the invention at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solution for the problem that two lugs of two wings of a spoke of a steering wheel framework are broken when the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is subjected to cold bending and locking after steel bars are embedded.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a novel magnesium alloy pressure cold-bending locking technology after embedding of BMW magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bars, which changes the maximum strain point of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework after embedding of the steel bars and effectively solves the problem of stress cracks caused by local stress concentration after the two wings and two lugs on the magnesium alloy steering wheel body spoke deform under stress in the cold pressing locking process after the steel bars are embedded into the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework. The technology of the invention is highly approved by German BMW company, after 30 ten thousand fatigue tests and high-strength impact toughness tests and other tests are carried out by the mechanical authentication center of Germany Munich factory, all safety performances are optimal, and the steering wheel body is intact, has no deformation and cracks and successfully passes the German BMW standard authentication.
A magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure is characterized in that a magnesium alloy steering wheel spoke groove and an embedded steel bar assembling gap are arranged within 1 mm.
Preferably, the fitting clearance is optimally selected to be 0.04 mm.
Preferably, the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3mm.
The diameter of the embedded steel bar is 6mm, and the bending radius of the two lugs of the steering wheel is matched with the radius of the steel bar of 3 mm;
preferably, the material of reinforcing bar is magnesium alloy.
A method for embedding and locking a magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar in cold bending comprises the following steps:
the die-casting die is improved: the die casting mold was modified to obtain an assembly gap of an assembly size of 0.04 mm.
And modifying the significance of the die-casting mold: the steering wheel framework produced by the original design die-casting die has a gap of 1mm after reinforcing steel bars are installed, so that cracks are generated at two lugs of the steering wheel during bending, stress concentration is generated at the thickest part of a 3.3 parting surface when the gap is excessively deformed, angular deformation is generated to generate cracks, and the steering wheel framework produced by the die-casting die after modification becomes uniform parabolic deformation when the reinforcing steel bars are installed at the gap of 0.04mm during bending.
Further, the pressing claw of the pressing rivet die is improved: changing a straight surface of 90 degrees in the pressing claw into a curved surface r3 tangent to r 10;
further, when the material of the outermost layer of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is close to tensile fracture, the inner sides of the two lugs of the framework of the magnesium alloy steering wheel are bent to be minimum bending;
the formula: rmin＝r/t；
In the formula: rminThe minimum bending coefficient of the inner sides of two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is obtained;
r is the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel;
t is the thickness of two ears at the bending position of the magnesium alloy steering wheel.
Preferably, when the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3mm, and the thickness of the two ears at the bending position of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3.3mm,
substituting into a formula:
Rmin＝3mm/3.3mm＝0.909≈0.91
the minimum bending coefficient value of the inner sides of the two ears of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is 0.91.
Note that: and (6) looking up a table to obtain: the minimum bending modulus of the aluminum alloy casting is 1.0-2.0, and since the elongation of the aluminum alloy is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, it is impossible to expect a bending radius of 3mm when the bending modulus of the magnesium alloy steering wheel frame is 0.91.
The minimum bending radius can not be less than 3mm when the theoretical thickness is 3mm, if the minimum bending radius is less than 3mm, bending cracks can be generated), the bending thickness of double ears of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3.3mm, the bending radius can not be less than r3.3mm theoretically, but practice proves that the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework only needs to meet the requirements that firstly, a die-casting die is modified to enable the assembly clearance of reinforcing steel bars in steering wheel grooves to be 0.04mm, the working surface of the pressing claw of the riveting die is modified into a curved surface of r3 tangent to r10, and the surface roughness Ra0.8 ensures that the double ears of the steering wheel framework have good fluidity when being deformed. And the press machine is held for 2s (less than 2s, the rebound locking force generated by the two lugs of the steering wheel framework is insufficient, and more than 2s, the production efficiency is low, and the time is wasted). The three conditions can break the theoretical value of 3mm, and the 3.3mm thickness can complete the bending deformation of r3mm without generating cracks.
Preferably, the curved surface roughness is ra0.8.
Preferably, the descending speed of the press is preferably 50mm/s second when the press works;
preferably, the residence time of the press down to the end point when the press is operating is preferably 2 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention effectively solves the key problem that the nonferrous metal and the ferrous metal are easy to break and deform during cold assembly, and has excellent experimental effect. The whole process is not only applied to the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework, but also has the advantages of short production period, rapidness, convenience, stable and firm locking force, no damage to the steering wheel, no deformation and the like. The invention is a mechanical technology combining magnesium alloy steering wheel and steel bar, which fills the gap of the same industry in China.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steering wheel skeleton made of die-cast magnesium alloy;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a bent part of a double-lug steel bar wrapped by a magnesium alloy steering wheel framework in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of embedding S235 steel bars into a 6 mm-diameter steering wheel frame;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the pressing claw and the working of the pressing claw;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing that after reinforcing steel bars are pressed in, the positions of the ends of two lugs of a spoke of a steering wheel framework are too deep in indentation and are accompanied with fracturing phenomena;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the steering wheel frame being broken and not extended due to angular deformation when the 90-degree pressing claw is operated;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the modified combined over-pressure claw tangent by the radian of R10 and R3;
FIG. 8 is a drawing showing
A schematic diagram of assembling and prepressing of the steel bars and the steering wheel framework;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the steering wheel frame after being bent;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of analysis of the stress point of the steering wheel frame under compression deformation;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the reduction of the steering wheel frame after bending;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the amount of compensation for the extension of the steering wheel frame after bending;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the final completion of the clinching;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a magnesium alloy steering wheel frame and a steel bar being embedded into a 5-point steel bar during assembly;
in the figure: 1. pressing claws of a press die; 2. the steering wheel framework is provided with two ears; 3. embedding a phi 6mm steel bar; 4. cracks appear on the side surface of the steering wheel framework after the steel bars are pressed in; 5. the end is crushed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the steel bar embedding process comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is placed into a bending die, two steel bars are manually placed into spoke grooves of the steering wheel framework, a press machine is started, a moving die of the machine tool moves downwards, when a pressing claw of the die moves downwards to contact with the magnesium alloy steering wheel, two lugs of a spoke of the magnesium alloy steering wheel deform and bend inwards, when the pressing claw moves downwards to the terminal point, the two lugs of the spoke bend, the pressing is held for 2s, and the steel bar embedding process is finished.
Two problems appear after the reinforcing steel bar is pressed into the steering wheel framework:
(1) after the reinforcing steel bars are pressed in, a plurality of irregular transverse cracks with different lengths of 6-12mm appear on the parting surface of the steering wheel framework.
(2) After the reinforcing steel bars are pressed in, the positions of the ends of the two lugs of the spoke of the steering wheel framework are pressed too deep and are accompanied with the fracturing phenomenon, and the drawing 5 is referred.
And (3) crack analysis:
(1) a plurality of times of debugging and research show that the BMW Germany original design has great defects, the width of an inner groove of a steel bar of a steering wheel framework is 7mm according to the original drawing, but the diameter of the excircle of the steel bar is 6mm, so that a gap of 1mm is formed in the steel bar embedded in the groove of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework, and because the gap is too large, stress concentration is generated at a parting surface when double lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework are bent and deformed, and cracks are generated.
(2) Referring to fig. 6, the working surface in the pressing claw of the original bending die is a 90-degree right-angled plane without radian, and the two lugs can not be matched with the outer side curvature of the steel bar when the bending die is deformed. Therefore, the local bending force born by the two lugs of the spoke is overlarge when the pressing claw moves downwards, and the phenomenon of pressing injury is caused.
(3) The bending speed has a great influence on the equivalent stress and strain distribution of the stress concentration area of the material. Such as: too fast a lowering speed of the press causes stress concentration on the two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel during bending, and is also a key element for causing cracks.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
firstly, die casting die improves:
because the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework has 8 per mill shrinkage, the assembling size of the reinforcing steel bar embedded into the magnesium alloy steering wheel, namely the optimal assembling gap, is obtained by modifying the die-casting mould, wherein the assembling gap is 0.04 mm.
Secondly, pressing the claw to improve:
referring to fig. 7, a dot-and-dash line is drawn according to the final bending curvature of the double-lug shape of the spoke, a steel sample plate is manually manufactured, the pressing claw is taken down during repair, a pneumatic tool is matched with a coloring and stamping method to repair the surface of the pressing claw, and the straight surface of 90 degrees in the pressing claw is changed into the surface roughness Ra0.8 of a curved surface tangent to r3 and r 10. The purpose is to obtain a minimum sliding resistance of both ears at the time of press bending and to have good fluidity.
The assembly gap between the improved magnesium alloy steering wheel framework and the steel bar is 0.04mm, which is the optimal assembly gap.
Referring to fig. 10, 11, and 12, the thinning and elongation compensation of the elongation of 8 acquisition points after the spokes were bent at both ears was verified by practice. The maximum 5 th point of the thinning is 0.06mm, the thickness effect is good, the elongation is the maximum 5 th point, the numerical value effect is good, the numerical value effect is 13.9 percent, the maximum elongation is 15 percent, and the numerical value effect is about 1.1 percent, meanwhile, the 8 acquisition points of the thinning condition and the elongation compensation quantity appear in a uniform parabolic form, the maximum strain force points of the bending deformation are uniformly distributed, the stress concentration is effectively avoided, and the key problem of parting surface crack is fundamentally solved.
After improvement, pictures at the double ears of the steering wheel framework are pressed into the reinforcing steel bars, the double ears are free of deep indentation, and a parting surface is free of cracks; refer to fig. 13 and 14.
The surface of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework has no crack phenomenon through silver powder detection, has no defect through X-ray perspective detection, and has no gap when the reinforcing steel bar is fastened in an impact test and a bending test, which shows that the reinforcing steel bar locking force is reasonable (the excessive locking force can cause the whole deformation of the steering wheel framework, damage to the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework and cause scrapping, and the excessive locking force can cause the shifting of the reinforcing steel bar and easily fall off).
As the minimum bending radius of the die-cast magnesium alloy does not have the national standard or the industrial standard at present, the judgment of the relevant parameters of the physical and processing performances of the aluminum alloy is used for reference, and the minimum bending radius is explained according to the theory of material mechanics, namely when the metal is bent, the material on the outer layer of the neutral layer is in tensile stress, and the material on the inner side is in compressive stress. The magnitude of the tensile stress depends primarily on the bend radius. The smaller the bending radius, the greater the tensile stress of the outer layer material. That is to say: the bending radius obtained before the outer layer of the magnesium alloy steering wheel skeleton is cracked is called the minimum bending radius. The minimum bending coefficient is a main mark for measuring the deformation degree of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework.
The formula: rmin＝r/t
In the formula: rminIs (magnesium alloy minimum bending coefficient)
r is the fixed bending radius of the inner sides of two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel;
t is the thickness of two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework;
the thickness of the two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is 3.3mm, and referring to fig. 8 and 9, the bending radius is considered to be 3mm, the material thickness is considered to be 3.3mm, and the formula (1) is substituted into
Obtaining: rmin(bending modulus) r3 (bending radius)/t 3.3 thickness 0.909 ≈ 0.91
RminThe bending coefficient is 0.91, namely the actual bending radius coefficient of two lugs of the steering wheel spoke is 0.91, the minimum bending coefficient of the aluminum alloy casting is 1.0-2.0 by table look-up, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, and the minimum bending coefficient of the aluminum alloy is more than 1.0, so that the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is considered to be difficult to complete the minimum bending radius under the coefficient of 0.91 in theory, but the following conditions are ensured in practice: 1. high-quality magnesium alloy steering wheel framework; 2. assembling gaps reasonably; 3. the surface smoothness of the spoke is improved; 4. adjusting the bending speed of the press machine; 5. reasonably pressing the inner radian of the claw. So that perfect realization can be achieved as long as the conditions are met with the rear minimum bending radius.
The width of the spoke shape of the fixed die cavity of the die-casting die must be matched with the external diameter of the reinforcing steel bar. The key is the matching of the assembly gap and the radian of the pressing claw, and the reasonable descending speed of the press machine when the press machine works is not only the stable bending effect is ensured. The minimum bending radius coefficient in the text of 'discussion of minimum relative bending radius calculation method for plate bending' is only a theoretical reference value in the actual bending process, needs more condition support in actual production application, and the final value is collected in actual production.
The invention modifies the assembly clearance of the die-casting mould, modifies the shape of the pressure claw, and adjusts the proper assembly clearance and the pressure holding time.
At present, the minimum bending deformation of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework at home and abroad has no relevant standard, if local heating is adopted, bending and crack locking can be avoided, but auxiliary heating is more complicated, and the production cost is increased. The problem is that the strength of the magnesium alloy is greatly reduced after hot bending, so that the locking force is greatly reduced after compression deformation, and the requirement of a riveting process cannot be met because the embedded steel bar is easy to fall off due to gaps after vibration. It is not an ideal processing method.
The cast form of casting the steel bar into the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework can also be an alternative, but the weight of the steering wheel framework is 1/3 heavier than that of a framework which is assembled and cold pressed later, which is contrary to the concept of light weight of automobiles, so that the high-performance steering wheel is generally manufactured by a steel bar embedding and pressing process internationally.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a magnesium alloy steering wheel skeleton reinforcing bar embedding clod wash locking structure which characterized in that:
the assembly clearance between the spoke grooves of the magnesium alloy steering wheel and the embedded steel bars is set within 1 mm.
2. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fitting clearance is optimally selected to be 0.04 mm.
3. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3mm.
4. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the steel bar is made of magnesium alloy.
5. The method for embedding and cold-bending and locking the reinforcing steel bars of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the die-casting die is improved: the die casting mold was modified to obtain an assembly gap of an assembly size of 0.04 mm.
6. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the pressure riveting die is improved in pressure claw: the straight surface of 90 degrees in the pressing claw is changed into a curved surface r3 tangent to r 10.
7. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
when the material of the outermost layer of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is close to tensile fracture, the inner sides of the two lugs of the framework of the magnesium alloy steering wheel are bent to be minimum bending;
the formula: rmin＝r/t；
In the formula: rminThe minimum bending coefficient of the inner sides of two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is obtained;
r is the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel;
t is the thickness of two ears at the bending position of the magnesium alloy steering wheel.
8. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the fixed bending radius of the inner side of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3mm, and when the thickness of two lugs at the bending position of the magnesium alloy steering wheel is 3.3mm, the formula is substituted:
Rmin＝3mm/3.3mm＝0.909≈0.91
the minimum bending radius coefficient of the inner sides of the two lugs of the magnesium alloy steering wheel framework is 0.91.
9. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking method according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the surface roughness of the curved surface is Ra0.8.
10. The magnesium alloy steering wheel framework steel bar embedding cold bending locking method according to claim 9, characterized in that:
when the press works, the descending speed of the press is preferably 50 mm/s;
the residence time of the press down to the end point when the press is operating is preferably 2 s.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117272722A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-12-22 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Magnesium alloy-based steering wheel mechanical property research standard and method |
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| JPH07119258A (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Execution method of fitting type folded plate roof and device thereof |
| US20050247161A1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Steering wheel for a motor vehicle |
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| CN102728766A (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-17 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Fabricated-in-place inserts to receive self-piercing rivets |
| CN111961894A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Preparation method of integral steering wheel framework |
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2021
- 2021-08-03 CN CN202110884298.7A patent/CN113619673B/en active Active
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| JPH05147536A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-15 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Steering wheel |
| JPH0675955U (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-10-25 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Steering wheel core metal |
| JPH07119258A (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Execution method of fitting type folded plate roof and device thereof |
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| CN111961894A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Preparation method of integral steering wheel framework |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117272722A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-12-22 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Magnesium alloy-based steering wheel mechanical property research standard and method |
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| CN113619673B (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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