CN113618098A

CN113618098A - Cutting blade made of soft metal material

Info

Publication number: CN113618098A
Application number: CN202110901534.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾伟; 时凯华; 李清红; 吴敏
Original assignee: ZIGONG CEMENTED CARBIDE CORP Ltd
Current assignee: ZIGONG CEMENTED CARBIDE CORP Ltd; Zigong Cemented Carbide Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-06
Filing date: 2021-08-06
Publication date: 2021-11-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a cutting blade made of soft metal materials, which comprises a blade body formed by encircling an upper surface, a lower surface, a side surface and a conical surface connecting the two side surfaces, wherein the blade body is provided with a positioning hole penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface, any front cutter surface is provided with a flow guide groove and an upward convex chip-removing platform, and the two sides of the chip-removing platform are provided with convex chip-breaking platforms. The cutting blade has the advantages of controlling the shape and the flow direction of chips, reducing the friction between the chips and the blade, effectively cooling the blade and prolonging the service life of the blade.

Description

Cutting blade made of soft metal material

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cutting blade for metal cutting, in particular to a cutting blade for processing soft metal materials.

Background

For soft metal materials with good plasticity, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel or high-temperature alloy, the turning blade generally has a sharp cutting edge and a good chip removal and breaking structure. During cutting, the friction between the chips and the rake face and the increase in cutting temperature cause the chips to adhere to the rake face of the insert, resulting in a change in the actual rake angle of the insert. In addition, the curling of the chips, the flow direction of the chips and the breakage of the chips seriously affect the service life of the blade, and meanwhile, the unsatisfactory chip-breaking effect can damage the surface of a machined workpiece to cause that the smoothness of the product cannot meet the requirement.

In the prior art, for example, the autogenous carbide Limited liability company patent 2007200821831 proposes a cutting insert for nonferrous metal processing, wherein the main and auxiliary flank surfaces of the cutting insert adopt 0-degree angle, so that the strength of the tool nose can be improved; the fish back-shaped chip breaking table can reduce the accumulation of cutting heat on the cutter point. Chinese patent 200910208434X proposes a cutting insert for soft metal material machining, which is provided with a chip guide and chip removal structure to make the chips curled and broken naturally; the chip breaking table can reduce the friction between chips and the blade and reduce the heat generation caused by the friction; the convex cylindrical surface can block the cutting chips and prevent the cutting chips from flowing to the surface of the machined workpiece. However, the above patents do not consider the blade at different cutting depths, and the heat dissipation capability of the blade still needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cutting blade which can show excellent cutting performance under different cutting depths and has longer service life and is used for processing soft metal materials with better plasticity.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a cutting blade comprises a blade body which is formed by enclosing an upper surface, a lower surface, side surfaces and conical surfaces connected with the two side surfaces, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface are connected through the side surfaces and the conical surfaces, the conical surfaces are intersected with the upper surface to form an arc edge, the side surfaces are intersected with the upper surface to form two side edges connected with the two sides of the arc edge, the blade body is provided with positioning holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface, the upper surface is sunken downwards, an arc edge rake face extending from the arc edge and a side edge rake face extending from the side edge are formed, the side edge rake face and the arc edge rake face are in smooth transition at the intersection, at least one diversion trench is arranged on any rake face, and the diversion trench of the arc edge rake face and the diversion trench of the adjacent side edge rake face penetrate through or are spaced at a certain distance at the intersection of the rake faces; and a plurality of raised chip breaking platforms distributed along the intersection line of the side surfaces of the chip removing platforms and the front tool surfaces of the side edges are arranged in the chip containing space.

By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the chip-resisting platform is arranged, so that chips can be prevented from scratching the processed surface.

The flow guide groove is arranged, so that on one hand, the contact area between chips and the front cutter surface can be reduced, the abrasion of the front cutter surface is reduced, and the heat generated due to friction is reduced; on the other hand, a certain amount of cutting fluid can be stored in the guide groove, the cutting fluid can flow in the guide groove, the cutting fluid can effectively take away cutting heat, and meanwhile, a certain lubricating effect is achieved.

In the above scheme, all set up the guiding gutter on every rake face, the guiding gutter quantity of every face can vary, and the guiding gutter on the adjacent rake face also can be selective link together, forms a guiding gutter together with a plurality of faces, and the whole guiding gutter can be the straight line form, also can be the curvilinear figure, and cross sectional area and shape everywhere can not be the same.

Alternatively, the rake angle of the side edge rake face is a positive rake angle and gradually transits from 24 degrees to 26 degrees to 19 degrees to 20 degrees along the direction towards the positioning hole, so that the insert is lighter in cutting, the cutting force is smaller, the gradually-decreased rake angle can ensure relative sharpness and simultaneously improve the strength of the cutting edge at larger cutting depth, and the decreased rake angle can make chips easier to discharge and reduce the blocking of the chips.

Optionally, the included angle beta between the side edge rake face and the side cutting face of the chip removing table is 100-160 degrees, and the included angle gamma formed by the intersection line of the arc edge rake face and the two side edge rake faces is 130-160 degrees; and the intersection line of the chip removing platform and the front cutter face of the side edge and the projection of the adjacent side edge on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta of 10-40 degrees.

The wedge angle Ω formed by the two side faces intersecting the conical face is preferably 30 to 90 °.

Alternatively, the cross section of the chip-resisting platform is any one of a triangle, a trapezoid or a drum.

In the scheme, the chip containing spaces and included angles formed by the side surfaces of the chip reflecting platforms with different sections and the front tool surface are different, so that the chip blocking, breaking and friction effects are different. Thereby realizing the purpose of controlling the shape and the flow direction of the chips.

The chip breaking table is a revolving body, and the revolving shaft is perpendicular to the adjacent side edge on the top view and is intersected with an intersection line formed by the front tool face of the side edge and the side face of the chip removing table. The turning radius of the chip breaking table is sequentially increased along the direction of the positioning hole from the arc blade.

Alternatively, the horizontal height of the blade positioning hole is higher than the height of the highest point of the circular arc edge.

Alternatively, the chip-removing table, the arc blade rake face, the two side blades and the side blade rake face connected with the arc blade, the diversion trench and the chip-breaking table are regarded as a cutting unit. Preferably, the cutting insert has at least two cutting units.

In the above scheme, the blades can be considered according to the requirements of practical use and economic requirements, and cutting units with different numbers, such as diamond-shaped blades of two cutting units, triangular blades of three cutting units, square blades of four cutting units and polygonal blades of a plurality of cutting units, are arranged on one blade. And according to the actual needs, the structure of each cutting unit can be not completely the same, such as the wedge angle omega is different, and other structures are the same.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the angle relationship between the chip-removing platform and the front tool face enables the curling and breaking of chips to be more ideally controllable.

2. The gradually decreasing rake angle enhances the strength of the cutting edge and enables the chips to be guided and discharged more smoothly.

3. The flow guide groove arranged on the front cutter surface can reduce the contact area between the cutting chips and the front cutter surface, thereby reducing the friction between the cutting chips and the front cutter surface, ensuring the cutting chips to be more smoothly removed and effectively reducing the heat generated by the friction; on the other hand, a certain amount of cutting fluid can be stored in the diversion trench, and the cutting fluid can flow in the diversion trench and take away heat generated by cutting and friction, so that the cutting temperature is effectively reduced, and the service life of the blade is prolonged.

4. The raised locating holes allow for better securing when grinding the lower surface of the blade.

Drawings

In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a blade;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the blade;

FIG. 3 is a half sectional view of the blade;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a blade with a plurality of channels;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of blades with varying cross-sectional areas of flow channels;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a blade having 3 cutting units;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a blade having 4 cutting units;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a blade having 4 cutting units;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of a C-shaped insert having 4 cutting units.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

1-a cutting unit; 11-arc edge; 12-conical surface; 13-side edge; 14-a chip removing table; 141-chip-removal table side 15-chip-breaking table; 16-the intersection of the side face of the anti-chip platform and the front face of the side edge; 17-a diversion trench; 2-side; 3-upper surface; 31-arc edge rake face; 32-flank rake face; 33-flank rake face extension intersection; 4-bottom surface; 5-positioning holes of the blade; 6-blade body

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an overall cutting insert is of a diamond shape, and includes an insert body 6 surrounded by an upper surface 3, a lower surface 4, a side surface 2, and a conical surface 12, a positioning hole 5 penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the insert is formed in the center of the insert body 6, the upper surface 2 and the lower surface 4 are connected by the side surface 2 and the conical surface 12, the conical surface 12 intersects with the upper surface 3 to form an arc edge 11, and the side surface 2 intersects with the upper surface 3 to form side edges 13 respectively connected to both sides of the arc edge 11. For soft metal materials with good plasticity such as carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel or high temperature alloy, the turning insert generally has a sharp cutting edge and a good chip removal and breaking structure, so that the rake angle α of the circular-arc-edge rake face 31 is 25 °, the rake angle of the side-edge rake face 32 intersecting with the circular-arc-edge rake face 31 is also 25 °, the rake angle of the side-edge rake face 32 is then gradually changed to 20.5 ° in the direction toward the positioning hole 5, and the clearance angle formed by the side face 2 and the conical face 12 is 9 °.

In the cutting process, the friction between the chips and the rake face and the increase of the cutting temperature can cause the chips to be adhered to the rake face of the insert, so that on one hand, the actual machining rake angle of the insert is changed, on the other hand, the chips continuously wear the rake face, the cutting effect is poor, and the service life of the insert is shortened. Therefore, the guide grooves 17 are respectively arranged on the arc-shaped edge rake face 31 and the side edge rake face 32, the guide grooves 17 are communicated at the connecting part of the arc-shaped edge rake face 31 and the side edge rake face 32, and the guide grooves 17 can reduce the contact area of chips and the rake face, reduce the abrasion of the rake face and reduce the heat generated due to friction; on the other hand, certain cutting fluid can be stored in the guide groove 17, and the cutting fluid can flow in the guide groove 17, so that cutting heat can be effectively taken away by the cutting fluid, and a certain lubricating effect is achieved.

In order to prevent chips from scratching the machined surface, the chip-removing table 14 is arranged, the cross section of the chip-removing table 14 is triangular (as shown in fig. 4), the intersection line of two side surfaces 141 of the chip-removing table 14 is rounded, the chip-removing table side surface 141 and the side edge rake surface 32 form an intersection line 16, and on the basis of the intersection line 16, the chip-removing table side surface 141 and the side edge rake surface 32 are in smooth transition. The chip breaking table 15 is arranged in a chip containing space defined by the chip removing table side surface 141 and the side edge rake surface 32, the chip breaking table 15 is formed by intersecting a cylinder with the chip removing table side surface 141 and the side edge rake surface 32, a rotating shaft of the chip breaking table 15 is perpendicular to the adjacent side edge 13 in a plan view and intersects with an intersecting line 16, and the rotating radius of the chip breaking table 15 is sequentially increased from the arc edge 11 to the positioning hole 5. The blade comprises 2 cutting units.

The included angle beta between the front face of the side edge and the side surface tangent plane of the chip removing table is 100-160 degrees, and the included angle beta is 130 degrees in the embodiment. The included angle gamma formed by the intersection lines of the front cutter faces of the circular arc edges and the front cutter faces of the two side edges is 130-160 degrees, and the gamma is 150 degrees in the embodiment; the included angle theta between the intersection line of the chip removing platform and the front face of the side edge and the projection of the adjacent side edge on the horizontal plane is 10-40 degrees, and the included angle theta is 30 degrees in the embodiment.

The wedge angle Ω formed by the two side faces intersecting the conical face is 30 ° to 90 °, and 60 ° in this example.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 8, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: the blade is overall triangular and comprises 3 cutting units. The angle beta is 100 degrees, and the angle gamma is 130 degrees; the angle theta is 10 deg.. The rake angle of the flank rake face is a positive rake angle and gradually transits from 24 ° to 19 ° in the direction toward the pilot hole.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 10, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: the blade is overall square and comprises 4 cutting units. The angle beta is 160 degrees, and the angle gamma is 160 degrees; the angle theta is 40 deg.. The rake angle of the flank rake face is a positive rake angle and gradually transitions from 26 ° to 20 ° in the direction toward the pilot hole.

Fig. 9-11 all include 4 cutting elements, but with slight differences in shape.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 6, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: two diversion trenches 17 are arranged on each side blade rake face, and 1 diversion trench 17 is arranged on the arc blade rake face and is communicated with two adjacent diversion trenches.

The flow guide groove may be linear or curved, and the cross-sectional area and shape of each part may be different, as shown in fig. 7.

Example 5

This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: the anti-chip platform 14 is drum-shaped in cross section.

Example 6

This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: the chip breaker 14 is a sphere.

Example 7

As shown in fig. 11, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: the adjacent cutting units on the blade are not identical in structure, wherein the wedge angles Ω of the two adjacent cutting units are different, and in this embodiment Ω is 82 °.

The above detailed description of embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can make several equivalent changes and combinations, and these equivalent changes should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a soft metal material cutting blade, include by the upper surface, the lower surface, the blade body that the conical surface of side and connection both sides face encloses, upper surface and lower surface pass through side and conical surface and connect, the conical surface intersects with the upper surface and forms the circular arc sword, the side intersects with the upper surface and forms two and connect in the side sword of circular arc sword both sides, be equipped with the locating hole of surface about lining up on the blade body, upper surface lower surface is sunken, form the circular arc sword rake face that extends from the circular arc sword and the side sword rake face that extends from the side sword, side sword rake face and circular arc sword rake face are in crossing department smooth transition, its characterized in that: at least one diversion trench is arranged on any rake face, and the diversion trench of the arc-shaped edge rake face and the diversion trench of the adjacent side edge rake face are communicated at the intersection of the rake faces or are separated by a certain distance; and a plurality of raised chip breaking platforms distributed along the intersection line of the side surfaces of the chip removing platforms and the front tool surfaces of the side edges are arranged in the chip containing space.

2. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein: the rake angle of the flank rake face is a positive rake angle and gradually transits from 24-26 degrees to 19-20 degrees along the direction towards the positioning hole.

3. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein: the included angle beta between the front cutter face of the side edge and the side section of the chip removing table is 100-160 degrees, and the included angle gamma formed by the intersection line of the front cutter face of the circular arc edge and the front cutter faces of the two side edges is 130-160 degrees; and the intersection line of the chip removing platform and the front cutter face of the side edge and the projection of the adjacent side edge on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta of 10-40 degrees.

4. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein: the wedge angle omega formed by the two side surfaces intersected with the conical surface is 30-90 degrees.

5. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the chip-removing platform is triangular or trapezoidal or drum-shaped.

6. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal height of the blade positioning hole is higher than the height of the highest point of the arc edge.

7. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein: the chip breaking table is a revolving body, the revolving shaft is perpendicular to the adjacent side edge on the horizontal plane and is intersected with an intersection line formed by the front cutter face of the side edge and the side face of the chip breaking table, and the revolving radius of the chip breaking table is sequentially increased from the arc edge to the positioning hole.

8. The cutting insert of claim 1, wherein the anti-chip platform forms a cutting unit together with the circular arc edge, the circular arc edge rake face, the side edge rake face, the diversion trench and the chip breaker, and is characterized in that: at least two cutting units are provided.