CN113614988A - 电池模块 - Google Patents

电池模块 Download PDF

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CN113614988A
CN113614988A CN202080022635.5A CN202080022635A CN113614988A CN 113614988 A CN113614988 A CN 113614988A CN 202080022635 A CN202080022635 A CN 202080022635A CN 113614988 A CN113614988 A CN 113614988A
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burst protection
battery
cell
battery cells
protection sleeve
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H.卡斯特勒
P.克雷塞尔
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John Deere Electric Power Co ltd
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    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电池模块,其具有用于容纳各单个相对于接合轴线(2)平行布置的电池单池(4)的基体(1),所述基体形成有横向于接合轴线(2)延伸的用于直接流到所述电池单池(4)的单池壳上的控温流体的流动通道(6)。为了不仅在峰值负载的情况下降低各单个电池单池(4)的热损坏风险,而且还能在热失控的故障情况下避免连锁反应的蔓延,建议流动通道(6)在接合轴线(2)的方向上针对每个电池单池(4)分别前置和后置有在周向上有间隙地包围电池单池(4)以形成气隙(10)的爆裂保护套筒(7,8),其中,所述流动通道(6)在电池单池(4)的28–60%的高度上延伸并且每个爆裂保护套筒(7,8)本身在电池单池(4)的20–36%的高度上延伸。

Description

电池模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池模块,其具有用于容纳各单个相对于接合轴线平行布置的电池单池的基体,所述基体形成有横向于接合轴线延伸的用于直接流到电池单池的单池壳上的控温流体的流动通道。
背景技术
从现有技术中已知电池模块,在该电池模块中,控温流体直接流到各单个电池单池上(WO2017067923)。但在单独的电池单池损坏的情况下,尤其在热失控情况下存在电池单池沿其壳破裂的问题。由于控温流体直接流到电池单池上并且各电池单池在流体流动通道内部直接相邻,在此增加了连锁反应的风险。
为了避免在不直接流到电池单池上的情况下的连锁反应(CN108574073A)已建议,用耐压的套筒包围各单个单池,以迫使在单池极的区域内破裂。然而这样做的缺点是,套筒会导致电池单池的温度调节更加缓慢,从而无法对电池模块中的短期负载峰值或热失衡做出反应,或只能延迟地反应,这增加了电池单池损坏的风险,这是本发明的任务要避免的。
发明内容
基于开头所述类型的电池模块,本发明的任务是,不仅降低在峰值负载时对各单个电池单池的热损坏风险,而且还避免在发生热失控故障时连锁反应的蔓延。
解决本发明的任务的方式是,流动通道在接合轴线的方向上针对每个电池单池分别前置有或后置有在周向上有间隙地包围电池单池的爆裂保护套筒,其中,流动通道在电池单池的28–60%的高度上延伸,每个爆裂保护套筒本身在电池单池的20–36%的高度上延伸。令人惊讶地已表明,不仅在套筒在整个单池壳高度上延伸的情况下,而且在电池单池的高度的分别20–36%的、两个极侧的区段被爆裂保护套筒包围的情况下,都可以通过为此设置的极侧的阀有利于释放气体地防止电池壳区域中的柱形的电池单池的爆裂。在一种特别优选的实施形式中,爆裂保护套筒分别可以包围电池单池的高度的28-30%的区段。在此,爆裂保护套筒不必直接与单池极邻接。尽管通过该措施可用于控温流体的流动通道的区域减小到电池单池的28–60%,优选40–44%的高度,但在控温流体之间的缩小的直接接触面可以通过更大的体积流来补偿,该控温流体例如可以是空气或液体。此外,由于有待流过的总体积减少,因此改善了动态调节性能。为了不仅考虑到电池单池的制造公差,而且还在故障情况下避免机械的超定进而流动通道的密封的破坏,按本发明建议,爆裂保护套筒有间隙地包围电池单池,也就是说这样地包围电池单池,使得在爆裂保护套筒和被包围的电池单池的壳之间留有气隙。电池单池在该气隙区域内的可能的膨胀有利于热失控情况下的机械性能,因为电池的非临界的应变仍然是可能的并且不会就导致爆裂保护套筒的损坏,进而导致整个电池模块的损坏。
为了使按本发明的设备的制造容易和改善流动通道的密封,建议一组爆裂保护套筒形成有与基体分离的爆裂保护装置。爆裂保护套筒在此可以通过支撑结构连接至爆裂保护装置,但或爆裂保护装置可以成型为例如穿通孔的形式,这些穿通孔形成各个爆裂保护套筒。这些措施的优点是,各单个电池单池首先可以插入基体,其中,流动通道的密封既不受到机械过载的阻碍也不因爆裂保护套筒导致的密封装置的损坏而受阻。只有在随后的步骤中,爆裂保护套筒作为与基体分离的爆裂保护装置才能被推到电池单池的从基体凸出的端部区段上。
为了按本发明设置的在爆裂保护套筒和电池单池之间的气隙均匀地形成并且在爆裂保护装置与基体分离的情况下可以预先给定基体和爆裂保护装置彼此的相对位置,可以在爆裂保护套筒中设有两个,优选三个对中凸耳,用于在爆裂保护套筒内部将电池单池对准。这种对中凸耳还提供了优点:电池模块或各单个电池单池的机械负载不能通过基体的贴靠在电池单池上的可能的密封装置,而是通过机械上更稳定的对中凸耳来吸收。在爆裂保护套筒与基体一体式设计或在爆裂保护装置和基体在其相对位置中彼此固定时,尤其如此。
如果在基体和相对于接合轴线位于基体的一侧的爆裂保护套筒之间设有用于并联连接电池单池的导电的并联板,则可以以简单的方式实现各单个电池单池的与其极接触无关的、节省空间的并联连接。并联板沿电池单池的接合轴线的精确的定位可以根据本发明的实施形式而不同,这种并联板不仅建立了用于并联连接各单个电池单池的电气接触,而且还实现了机械稳定的任务。尽管如此,由于爆裂保护套筒中的气隙,各单个电池单池在其极的区域内横向于接合轴线在有限的范围内自由运动,从而可以便于多个电池模块的接触和机械连接。
虽然可以以不同的方式进行各单个电池单池的电气接触,但当并联板具有突出到至少一个爆裂保护套筒的气隙中的用于摩擦配合式接触由爆裂保护套筒包围的电池单池的接触舌片时,获得特别有利的条件。突出到气隙中的弹性设计的接触舌片在此不仅支撑在爆裂保护套筒上以改善压紧力并因此改善电气接触,而且同时还能实现电池单池在爆裂保护套筒内部的对准,从而至少在并联板侧可以省掉爆裂保护套筒中可能的对中凸耳。
获得电池单池的机械柔性的、同时通过脱气防止单个电池单池故障蔓延的接触的方式是,设置用于电气接触各单个电池单池的极顶盖,该极顶盖分别具有通入电池单池极的区域中的热气体通道,用于导出从电池单池中排出的热气体。通过爆裂保护套筒和极顶盖的按本发明的相互作用,在发生热失控或类似效应下排出的热气体在极侧,也就是说在为此设置的脱气阀的区域内从受损的电池单池中这样导出,使得在单池壳区域内的周围的电池单池不会损坏。即不仅可以通过在流动通道和爆裂保护套筒之间的可能的密封,而且还可以通过在脱气之前在壳侧膨胀的电池单池填充并因此密封与周围的爆裂保护套筒之间的气隙,来防止热气体流入流动通道。为了防止流到与释放气体的电池单池的极面对的邻接的电池单池上,热气体通道可以设计成弯曲约90°,从而使热气体侧向地,这意味着横向于电池单池的接合方向偏转和导出。
除了将大量的热气体远离损坏的电池单池导出,从电池模块中排出这些量的热气体也与安全有关,尤其是可能的压力峰值也可能导致电池模块的结构损坏。因此建议,各单个极顶盖形成有共同的排出通道,热气体通道以其与电池单池极相对的端部区段通入该共同的排出通道中。通过这些措施,在所有极顶盖上延伸的具有较大横截面的排出通道可以防止出现局部的压力峰值,其中,各单个通入排出通道中的、较小横截面的热气体通道降低了流到未损坏的电池单池上的风险。为了进一步降低该风险,可以将各单个热气体通道相对于排出通道用防火保护装置密封,该防火保护装置在故障情况下仅在释放气体的电池单池情况中因压力被损坏。
电池单池在电池模块中的支承由于电池单池的制造公差和设计经受一定程度的变化或者说具有一定程度的不同,这些变化通过电池单池有间隙地包围而得到补偿。但这使得在极接触时串联连接的电池单池的机械柔性的连接是必要的。这可以通过以下方式实现,即,极顶盖各有两个凹口,用于容纳两个有待串联接触的电池单池。在这种情况下,即使出现电池单池相对于电池模块和电池组的相对运动,也可以确保恒定的电气连接,因为在电池单池在爆裂保护套筒的气隙中倾斜时则接触由极顶盖保持。
如果爆裂保护套筒形成有用于容纳极顶盖的凹口,则爆裂保护套筒可以可靠地与极顶盖接合在一起。因此不仅增加了电池模块的机械稳定性,还防止了由相对运动引起的两个串联连接的电池单池之间的电气连接的松脱。
附图说明
在附图中例如示出本发明的主题。附图中:
图1示出按本发明的电池模块的立体图和
图2以较大的比例示出沿图1的线II-II剖切的截面,其中,为了清楚起见移除了电池单池。
具体实施方式
按本发明的电池模块包括基体1,该基体1具有分别相对于接合轴线2面对的穿通孔3,该穿通孔3被各单个相对于接合轴线2平行布置的电池单池4贯穿。基体1在穿通孔3的区域内相对于电池单池4通过O型环5密封,从而形成了闭合的流动通道6,在该流动通道内部,控温流体可以径直地,亦即,直接地流到电池单池4的单池壳上。
相对于接合轴线2,在基体1两侧邻接有爆裂保护套筒7,8,该基体的流动通道6在电池单池4的高度的28–60%的高度上延伸,优选并且如图2中所示,在电池单池4的高度的40–44%的高度上延伸。这些爆裂保护套筒7,8在电池单池4的高度的20–36%的高度上延伸,优选在电池单池4的高度的28-30%的高度上延伸。虽然这不是绝对必要的,但爆裂保护套筒7相对于接合轴线2从基体1延伸至单池极9。在正常的运行状态中,在爆裂保护套筒7,8和电池单池4之间分别形成气隙10,该气隙10允许电池单池4在正常运行中略微的膨胀。
尽管存在气隙10,但为了能够将电池单池4相对于爆裂保护套筒7,8对准在定义的位置中,可以为每个爆裂保护套筒7,8设置两个,优选三个对中凸耳11。
当至少一组爆裂保护套筒7,8形成共同的爆裂保护装置12时可以获得特别有利的结构条件,该爆裂保护装置12设计为与基体1分离的结构元件。
为了能够在所示的实施形式中特别节省空间地并行地接触电池单池,可以设有并联板13,该并联板13设置在基体1和爆裂保护装置12的至少一个之间。为了电池单池4与并联板13电气接触并且为了在爆裂保护套筒8内部进行电池单池4的对中,并联板13可以具有用于摩擦配合式接触的接触舌片14。由此可以在爆裂保护套筒8中省掉对中凸耳11,如上所述。
根据按本发明的结构方案获得的电池单池4的支承允许单池极9横向于接合轴线2的受限的自由移动可能。为了能够在多个串联连接的电池模块的情况下利用该优点,建议极顶盖15,该极顶盖15分别具有两个凹口16,用于容纳两个有待串联接触的电池单池4。
该极顶盖15可以具有热气体通道17,用于导出从位于单池极9的区域内的脱气阀中排出的热气体,该热气体通道17在一种特别优选的实施形式中通入共同的排出通道18中。
为了能够将极顶盖15相对爆裂保护套筒7,8预对准,爆裂保护套筒7,8可以具有用于容纳极顶盖15的凹口19。

Claims (9)

1.一种电池模块,其具有用于容纳各单个相对于接合轴线(2)平行布置的电池单池(4)的基体(1),所述基体(1)形成横向于接合轴线(2)延伸的用于直接流到所述电池单池(4)的单池壳上的控温流体的流动通道(6),其特征在于,所述流动通道(6)在接合轴线(2)的方向上针对每个电池单池(4)分别前置和后置有在周向上有间隙地包围电池单池(4)以形成气隙(10)的爆裂保护套筒(7,8),其中,所述流动通道(6)在所述电池单池(4)的28–60%的高度上延伸并且每个爆裂保护套筒(7,8)本身在所述电池单池(4)的20–36%的高度上延伸。
2.按权利要求1所述的电池模块,其特征在于,一组爆裂保护套筒(7,8)形成与所述基体(1)分离的爆裂保护装置(12)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的电池模块,其特征在于,在爆裂保护套筒(7,8)中设有用于在所述爆裂保护套筒(7,8)的内部将电池单池(4)对准的两个对中凸耳(11)。
4.按权利要求1至3之一所述的电池模块,其特征在于,在所述基体(1)和相对于接合轴线(2)位于所述基体(1)侧的爆裂保护套筒(7,8)之间设有导电的用于并联连接电池单池(4)的并联板(13)。
5.按权利要求4所述的电池模块,其特征在于,所述并联板(13)具有突出到至少一个爆裂保护套筒(7,8)的气隙(10)中的接触舌片(14),用于摩擦配合式接触被所述爆裂保护套筒(7,8)包围的电池单池(4)。
6.按权利要求1至5之一所述的电池模块,其特征在于,设有用于电气接触各单个电池单池(4)的极顶盖(15),所述极顶盖分别具有通入电池单池极(9)的区域内的热气体通道(17),用于导出从电池单池(4)中排出的热气体。
7.按权利要求6所述的电池模块,其特征在于,各单个极顶盖(15)形成共同的排出通道(18),所述热气体通道(17)以其与所述电池单池极(9)相对的端部区段通入所述共同的排出通道(18)。
8.按权利要求6或7所述的电池模块,其特征在于,所述极顶盖(15)各有两个凹口,用于容纳两个有待串联接触的电池单池(19)。
9.按权利要求6至8之一所述的电池模块,其特征在于,所述爆裂保护套筒(7,8)具有用于容纳所述极顶盖的凹口(19)。
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