CN113613282B - Urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation method and device - Google Patents
Urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation method and a simulation device for radio propagation electromagnetic environment of a base station in an urban scene, which are used for generating a corresponding urban model by acquiring building layout of a city in which the base station is located; acquiring antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters; according to the radio wave propagation model matched and adapted to the base station antenna model, performing simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model, and generating corresponding simulation result data; and analyzing the simulation result data to obtain the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device can analyze or predict the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base stations in the prior art or the planning, further increase or decrease the number or change the positions of the base stations in the prior art or the planning in the city, and improve the utilization efficiency of the base stations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio propagation, in particular to a simulation method and device for an urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment.
Background
In recent years, domestic scholars have also achieved a lot of favorable research results in the aspect of planning and constructing wireless communication base stations. If the urban control detailed planning is combined, the mobile communication base station site planning principle, the site selection thought and principle of the mobile communication base station and the requirements on lightning protection, electromagnetic environment protection and the like in the process of building the station are provided; in order to reduce the deployment cost of the wireless network, a radio wave propagation model suitable for different propagation environments is provided, so that the service quality of the wireless network is improved; the prior art mainly concentrates on the level of theoretical research, such as the research of an electric wave propagation model algorithm and the theoretical research applied by the electric wave propagation model algorithm, and has a little shortage of the research on the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station
In addition, with the high-speed development of 5G communication technology, the requirements of users on communication networks are higher, and in order to improve the coverage quality of wireless networks, the research on the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of urban base stations is more urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: a simulation method and device for radio propagation electromagnetic environment of a base station in urban scene can analyze or predict the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station in the prior art or planning, and improve the utilization efficiency of the base station.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a simulation method of an urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the building layout of the city in which the base station is positioned, and generating a corresponding city model;
acquiring antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters;
according to the radio wave propagation model matched and adapted to the base station antenna model, performing simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model, and generating corresponding simulation result data;
and analyzing the simulation result data to obtain the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station.
Further, the obtaining the building layout of the city where the base station is located generates a corresponding city model, which specifically includes:
building layout of a city where a base station is located is obtained, a simplified model is built in simulation software according to the building layout of the city, different colors are used for distinguishing building types in the simplified model, and a corresponding city model is generated, wherein the city model comprises the base station.
Further, the obtaining the antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters, specifically includes:
acquiring antenna parameters configured by the base station, wherein the antenna parameters comprise the number of antennas;
and matching the radiation range of the single antenna according to the number of the antennas, setting the installation position of the single antenna according to the radiation range of the single antenna, and generating the base station antenna model, wherein the base station antenna model is arranged above the base station in the city model.
Further, the base station antenna model is arranged above the base station in the city model, specifically:
acquiring the height of the base station; and setting the height of the base station antenna model according to the height of the base station so that the height of the base station antenna model is not lower than the height of the base station and is positioned above the base station.
Further, the electromagnetic environment includes a power distribution, a field strength distribution, and a path loss of the signal.
Further, the invention also provides an electromagnetic environment simulation device for radio propagation of the urban scene base station, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a first modeling module, a second modeling module, a simulation module and an electromagnetic environment generation module;
the first modeling module is used for acquiring the building layout of the city where the base station is located and generating a corresponding city model;
the second modeling module is used for acquiring antenna parameters of the base station and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters;
the simulation module is used for matching an adaptive radio wave propagation model according to the base station antenna model, and performing simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model to generate corresponding simulation result data;
the electromagnetic environment generation module is used for analyzing the simulation result data to acquire the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station.
Further, the first modeling module is configured to obtain a building layout of a city where the base station is located, and generate a corresponding city model, which specifically is:
building layout of a city where a base station is located is obtained, a simplified model is built in simulation software according to the building layout of the city, different colors are used for distinguishing building types in the simplified model, and a corresponding city model is generated, wherein the city model comprises the base station.
Further, the second modeling module is configured to obtain an antenna parameter of the base station, and construct a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameter, specifically:
acquiring antenna parameters configured by the base station, wherein the antenna parameters comprise the number of antennas;
and matching the radiation range of the single antenna according to the number of the antennas, setting the installation position of the single antenna according to the radiation range of the single antenna, and generating the base station antenna model, wherein the base station antenna model is arranged above the base station in the city model.
Further, the second modeling module is configured to set the base station antenna model above the base station in the city model, specifically:
acquiring the height of the base station; and setting the height of the base station antenna model according to the height of the base station so that the height of the base station antenna model is not lower than the height of the base station and is positioned above the base station.
Further, the electromagnetic environment generated by the electromagnetic environment generating module is a power distribution, a field intensity distribution and a path loss of a signal.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for simulating the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the urban scene base station have the following beneficial effects:
in order to enable the simulation result to be more fit with the actual life requirement, a corresponding city model is generated in simulation software by acquiring the building layout of the city where the base station is located; simultaneously acquiring antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters; according to the radio wave propagation model matched and adapted to the base station antenna model, simulation prediction is carried out on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model, and wireless coverage of the current base station in the city can be analyzed to generate corresponding simulation result data; and analyzing the simulation result data to obtain the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device can analyze or predict the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base stations in the prior art or the planning, further increase or decrease the number or change the positions of the base stations in the prior art or the planning in the city, and improve the utilization efficiency of the base stations.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of one embodiment of a simulation method of an urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of an electromagnetic environment simulation device for radio propagation of urban scene base stations.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of an urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation method provided by the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes steps 101-104, specifically as follows:
step 101: and obtaining the building layout of the city in which the base station is positioned, and generating a corresponding city model.
In this embodiment, the building layout of the city where the base station is located is obtained, a simplified model of the building house, the factory building, the vegetation, the base station and other buildings is built in the simulation software according to the building layout of the city in the modeling module of the simulation software FEKOWinprop tool, different colors are used for distinguishing the building types in the simplified model, for example, the building house is set to gray, the factory building is set to yellow, the vegetation is set to green and the base station is set to red, a data file of the set simplified model is stored, and a corresponding city model is generated.
As an example of this embodiment, various buildings, vegetation and base stations in the simplified model can be adjusted in number and position according to the needs; and the base station in the building layout can be an existing base station or a planned base station, and if the base station is the planned base station, the position of the base station can be adjusted according to the requirement.
Step 102: and acquiring antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters.
In this embodiment, in the simulation module of the FEKO Winprop tool, a stored city model data file is opened, and an antenna model is defined in the city model, where the definition of the antenna model is determined according to parameters of the base station antenna, so that antenna parameters configured by the base station need to be obtained, where the antenna parameters include the number of antennas, the operating wavelength of the antennas, the operating frequency range of the antennas, and the materials of the antennas.
As a preferred scheme in this embodiment, two base stations, respectively denoted as Site1 and Site2, are established in the city model, the number of antennas configured for each base station is 3, three antennas in the Site1 base station are respectively denoted as Site1/2 Antenna1, site1/2 Antenna2, site1/2 Antenna3, and for radiating the surrounding area of the base station, the radiation ranges of the three antenna numbers are set up to add up to 360 °, so that the radiation ranges adapted to the single antenna match, as an example in this embodiment, the radiation ranges of Site1/2 Antenna1 are 0 to 120 °, the radiation ranges of Site1/2 Antenna2 are 120 ° to 240 ° and the radiation ranges of Site1/2 Antenna3 are 240 ° to 360 °. In this embodiment, the number of base stations and the number of antennas configured by each base station are not specifically required, and may be increased or decreased according to the requirement, and when the number of antennas to be set is increased, the radiation range of the antennas may be reduced adaptively.
In this embodiment, the azimuth angle of the installation position of the antenna is determined by the radiation range of the antenna, and the angle difference of the azimuth angles of the antennas connected in pairs is set as the radiation range of the antenna according to the radiation range of the antenna. As an example in this embodiment, if a single base station configures three antennas, the azimuth angle of the first antenna is set first, the azimuth angle of the first antenna is 45 °, then the azimuth angle of the second antenna needs to be kept at an angle difference of 120 ° from the azimuth angle of the first antenna, the azimuth angle of the second antenna is 165 °, the azimuth angle of the third antenna needs to be kept at an angle difference of 120 ° from the azimuth angles of the first and second antennas, and the azimuth angle of the third antenna is set to 285 °.
In this embodiment, after the azimuth angle of each antenna in the base station is obtained, the position of each antenna is set according to the azimuth angle, and a base station antenna model is generated. In this embodiment, the location definition of the base station antenna model should be in line with the placement location of the base station antenna in practical situations. Antennas are typically defined at a top position above the base station, so the height of the base station needs to be obtained when defining the antenna position; and setting the height of the base station antenna model according to the height of the base station so that the height of the base station antenna model is not lower than the height of the base station and is positioned at the top position above the base station.
Step 103: and according to the radio wave propagation model matched and adapted to the base station antenna model, carrying out simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model, and generating corresponding simulation result data.
In this embodiment, the radio wave propagation model matched with the base station antenna model is a main path ray tracking model, and the outstanding characteristics are that the operation efficiency is very high for a scene with a large range, a complex scene and a large number of receiving points. After the radio wave propagation model is selected, electromagnetic parameters to be simulated and solved are set, the electromagnetic parameters to be solved are determined according to the requirement of the simulation and solved, and as an example in the embodiment, the set electromagnetic parameters to be simulated and solved are power distribution, field intensity and path loss, and the rest parameters can be simulated and solved if the requirement of the solution exists.
In this embodiment, the selected main path ray tracking model mainly adopts a ray tracking method, and according to electromagnetic field theory, geometric optical theory and geometric diffraction theory, a radiation wave is regarded as a ray, and radiation energy propagates in the ray, so as to simulate the direct, diffraction and reflection propagation mechanisms of the wave ray. Since the vast majority of the simulation time of the ray tracing method is occupied by a path searching process, namely, propagation tracks of various rays among the transceiving antennas are determined, and since energy is unevenly distributed, a small part of thousands of rays in a practical environment almost occupy a main body of most energy, and the dominant rays are also called main paths. Therefore, in the embodiment, a main path ray tracing model is selected, and a large number of redundant paths are replaced by the main path, so that the simulation calculation time of the ray tracing model is improved, and the efficiency is improved.
Step 104: and analyzing the simulation result data to obtain the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station.
In this embodiment, the distribution situation of the signals transmitted by the base station antennas in the current environment in the city is directly obtained from the simulation result data, where the power distribution of the signals obtained from the simulation result data, the field strength distribution of the signals in the city, and the loss situation of the signals in the propagation process are performed, that is, the electromagnetic environment of the base station radio propagation.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation device provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the structure includes a first modeling module 201, a second modeling module 202, a simulation module 203, and an electromagnetic environment generation module 204, specifically as follows:
the first modeling module 201 is configured to obtain a building layout of a city where the base station is located, and generate a corresponding city model.
In this embodiment, the first modeling module 201 obtains the building layout of the city where the base station is located, builds a simplified model of buildings such as building houses, plants, vegetation and base stations in the simulation software according to the building layout of the city in the modeling module of the simulation software FEKOWinprop tool, and distinguishes the types of the buildings in the simplified model by using different colors, for example, the building is set to gray, the plant is set to yellow, the vegetation is set to green and the base station is set to red, saves the data files of the set simplified model, and generates the corresponding city model.
As an example of this embodiment, various buildings, vegetation and base stations in the simplified model can be adjusted in number and position according to the needs; and the base station in the building layout can be an existing base station or a planned base station, and if the base station is the planned base station, the position of the base station can be adjusted according to the requirement.
The second modeling module 202 is configured to obtain antenna parameters of the base station, and construct a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters.
In this embodiment, in the simulation module of the FEKO Winprop tool, the saved city model data file is opened, and the antenna model is defined in the city model, where the definition of the antenna model is determined according to the parameters of the base station antenna, so the second modeling module 202 needs to obtain the antenna parameters configured by the base station, where the antenna parameters include the number of antennas, the operating wavelength of the antennas, the operating frequency range of the antennas, and the materials of the antennas.
As a preferred scheme in this embodiment, two base stations, respectively denoted as Site1 and Site2, are established in the city model, the number of antennas configured for each base station is 3, three antennas in the Site1 base station are respectively denoted as Site1/2 Antenna1, site1/2 Antenna2, site1/2 Antenna3, and for radiating the surrounding area of the base station, the radiation ranges of the three antenna numbers are set up to add up to 360 °, so that the radiation ranges adapted to the single antenna match, as an example in this embodiment, the radiation ranges of Site1/2 Antenna1 are 0 to 120 °, the radiation ranges of Site1/2 Antenna2 are 120 ° to 240 ° and the radiation ranges of Site1/2 Antenna3 are 240 ° to 360 °. In this embodiment, the number of base stations and the number of antennas configured by each base station are not specifically required, and may be increased or decreased according to the requirement, and when the number of antennas to be set is increased, the radiation range of the antennas may be reduced adaptively.
In this embodiment, the azimuth angle of the installation position of the antenna is determined by the radiation range of the antenna, and the angle difference of the azimuth angles of the antennas connected in pairs is set as the radiation range of the antenna according to the radiation range of the antenna. As an example in this embodiment, if a single base station configures three antennas, the azimuth angle of the first antenna is set first, the azimuth angle of the first antenna is 45 °, then the azimuth angle of the second antenna needs to be kept at an angle difference of 120 ° from the azimuth angle of the first antenna, the azimuth angle of the second antenna is 165 °, the azimuth angle of the third antenna needs to be kept at an angle difference of 120 ° from the azimuth angles of the first and second antennas, and the azimuth angle of the third antenna is set to 285 °.
In this embodiment, after the azimuth angle of each antenna in the base station is obtained, the position of each antenna is set according to the azimuth angle, and a base station antenna model is generated. In this embodiment, the location definition of the base station antenna model should be in line with the placement location of the base station antenna in practical situations. Antennas are typically defined at a top position above the base station, so the height of the base station needs to be obtained when defining the antenna position; and setting the height of the base station antenna model according to the height of the base station so that the height of the base station antenna model is not lower than the height of the base station and is positioned at the top position above the base station.
The simulation module 203 is configured to match the adaptive radio wave propagation model according to the base station antenna model, perform simulation prediction on the set simulation solution parameter according to the radio wave propagation model, and generate corresponding simulation result data.
In this embodiment, the radio wave propagation model matched with the base station antenna model is a main path ray tracking model, and the outstanding characteristics are that the operation efficiency is very high for a scene with a large range, a complex scene and a large number of receiving points. After selecting the radio wave propagation model, the simulation module 203 sets electromagnetic parameters to be solved in a simulation manner, the electromagnetic parameters to be solved are determined according to the requirement of the simulation solution, and as an example in the embodiment, the set electromagnetic parameters of the simulation solution are power distribution, field intensity and path loss, and if the rest parameters have the requirement of the solution, the simulation solution can be set.
In this embodiment, the selected main path ray tracking model mainly adopts a ray tracking method, and according to electromagnetic field theory, geometric optical theory and geometric diffraction theory, a radiation wave is regarded as a ray, and radiation energy propagates in the ray, so as to simulate the direct, diffraction and reflection propagation mechanisms of the wave ray. Since the vast majority of the simulation time of the ray tracing method is occupied by a path searching process, namely, propagation tracks of various rays among the transceiving antennas are determined, and since energy is unevenly distributed, a small part of thousands of rays in a practical environment almost occupy a main body of most energy, and the dominant rays are also called main paths. Therefore, in the embodiment, a main path ray tracing model is selected, and a large number of redundant paths are replaced by the main path, so that the simulation calculation time of the ray tracing model is improved, and the efficiency is improved.
The electromagnetic environment generating module 204 is configured to analyze the simulation result data, and obtain a radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic environment generating module 204 directly obtains the distribution situation of the signals transmitted by the base station antennas in the current environment in the city from the simulation result data, where the power distribution of the signals obtained from the simulation result data, the field strength distribution of the signals in the city, and the loss situation of the signals in the propagation process are performed, that is, the electromagnetic environment of the base station radio propagation.
In summary, according to the method and the device for simulating the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the urban scene base station, the corresponding urban model is generated by acquiring the building layout of the city in which the base station is located; acquiring antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters; according to the radio wave propagation model matched and adapted to the base station antenna model, performing simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model, and generating corresponding simulation result data; and analyzing the simulation result data to obtain the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device can analyze or predict the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base stations in the prior art or the planning, further increase or decrease the number or change the positions of the base stations in the prior art or the planning in the city, and improve the utilization efficiency of the base stations.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for simulating the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the urban scene base station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
building a simplified model according to the building layout of the city, and distinguishing building types in the simplified model by using different colors to generate a corresponding city model, wherein the city model comprises the base station;
acquiring antenna parameters of the base station, and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters;
according to the radio wave propagation model matched and adapted to the base station antenna model, performing simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model, and generating corresponding simulation result data;
and analyzing the simulation result data to obtain the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station.
2. The method for simulating the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of a base station in an urban scene according to claim 1, wherein the steps of obtaining the antenna parameters of the base station and constructing a base station antenna model in the urban model according to the antenna parameters are as follows:
acquiring antenna parameters configured by the base station, wherein the antenna parameters comprise the number of antennas;
and matching the radiation range of the single antenna according to the number of the antennas, setting the installation position of the single antenna according to the radiation range of the single antenna, and generating the base station antenna model, wherein the base station antenna model is arranged above the base station in the city model.
3. The method for simulating the electromagnetic environment of the radio propagation of a base station in an urban scene according to claim 2, characterized in that said base station antenna model is arranged above said base station in said urban model, in particular:
acquiring the height of the base station; and setting the height of the base station antenna model according to the height of the base station so that the height of the base station antenna model is not lower than the height of the base station and is positioned above the base station.
4. A method of simulating the electromagnetic environment of urban base station radio propagation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electromagnetic environment comprises the power distribution, field strength distribution and path loss of the signal.
5. An urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation device, which is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a first modeling module, a second modeling module, a simulation module and an electromagnetic environment generation module;
the first modeling module is used for acquiring the building layout of the city where the base station is located, establishing a simplified model in simulation software according to the building layout of the city, distinguishing building types in the simplified model by using different colors, and generating a corresponding city model, wherein the city model comprises the base station;
the second modeling module is used for acquiring antenna parameters of the base station and constructing a base station antenna model in the city model according to the antenna parameters;
the simulation module is used for matching an adaptive radio wave propagation model according to the base station antenna model, and performing simulation prediction on the set simulation solving parameters according to the radio wave propagation model to generate corresponding simulation result data;
the electromagnetic environment generation module is used for analyzing the simulation result data to acquire the radio propagation electromagnetic environment of the base station.
6. The urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation device according to claim 5, wherein the second modeling module is configured to obtain antenna parameters of the base station, and construct a base station antenna model in the urban model according to the antenna parameters, specifically:
acquiring antenna parameters configured by the base station, wherein the antenna parameters comprise the number of antennas;
and matching the radiation range of the single antenna according to the number of the antennas, setting the installation position of the single antenna according to the radiation range of the single antenna, and generating the base station antenna model, wherein the base station antenna model is arranged above the base station in the city model.
7. The urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation device according to claim 6, wherein the second modeling module is configured to set the base station antenna model above the base station in the urban model, specifically:
acquiring the height of the base station; and setting the height of the base station antenna model according to the height of the base station so that the height of the base station antenna model is not lower than the height of the base station and is positioned above the base station.
8. An urban scene base station radio propagation electromagnetic environment simulation device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the electromagnetic environment generated by the electromagnetic environment generation module is a power distribution, a field strength distribution, and a path loss of a signal.
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