CN113612534A - Optical system of miniaturized space laser communication terminal and use method - Google Patents
Optical system of miniaturized space laser communication terminal and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113612534A CN113612534A CN202110742995.9A CN202110742995A CN113612534A CN 113612534 A CN113612534 A CN 113612534A CN 202110742995 A CN202110742995 A CN 202110742995A CN 113612534 A CN113612534 A CN 113612534A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/118—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum specially adapted for satellite communication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system and a using method thereof. The optical system skillfully arranges the telescope unit and the relay optical path unit in a space with an XYZ coordinate system, and forms a two-dimensional rotating pitch axis and azimuth axis by utilizing the triple reflection of a telescope folding axis mirror, a rotary table folding axis mirror and a relay folding axis mirror of the relay optical path unit in the telescope unit, and the telescope unit realizes the directional aiming of the optical system by rotating around the pitch axis and the azimuth axis. In the spatial layout, the telescope unit is arranged above or below the relay light path unit, and the reflectors and the spectroscopes of the relay light path unit are arranged, so that optical devices in the relay light path unit are distributed on two sides of a light beam inlet, the size of the relay light path is compressed, the projection envelope of the relay light path on an XY plane is equivalent to that of a telescopic system, the envelope size of the whole system is reduced, and the miniaturization design is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of space laser communication, in particular to a miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system and a using method thereof.
Background
The space laser communication terminal is installed on aircrafts such as satellites and the like and used for realizing laser communication between satellites. The space laser communication terminal needs a two-dimensional rotating mechanism to realize the functions of space precise pointing, alignment and the like.
The two-dimensional rotating optical system commonly used in the current space laser communication terminal has the following two modes:
1) periscopic formula: the optical system is arranged behind the two-dimensional rotating mechanism, and two reflectors are driven by the two-dimensional shafting structure to realize the pointing aiming of the terminal. This form requires that the inner dimension of the shaft system is larger than the aperture of the telescope, and two large-sized folding-axis reflectors (1.4 times the aperture of the telescope) are required, which is not favorable for the miniaturization design of the terminal.
2) Theodolite type: the theodolite type structure needs to be connected with the telescope and the relay light path through the Kudet light path, the whole light path needs to be turned for at least five times, the structure is complex, and the system is not beneficial to miniaturization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system with a two-dimensional rotating shaft, aiming at solving the problems that the two-dimensional rotating optical system of the existing space laser communication terminal is complex in structure and not beneficial to miniaturization.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system with a two-dimensional rotating shaft, a telescope unit and a relay optical path unit; the telescope unit is integrally positioned above or below the relay optical path unit;
the telescope objective lens comprises a main reflector, a secondary reflector and a telescope folding axis lens;
the secondary reflector is positioned on the reflected light path of the main reflector, and the telescopic folding axis mirror is positioned on the reflected light path of the secondary reflector;
the main reflector is an even aspheric mirror, and the norm F of the main reflector is 0.8-1.5, so that the telescope objective lens is convenient to process while reducing the axial size of the telescope objective lens.
The secondary reflector is an aspherical mirror, and the telescope folding axis mirror is a plane reflector;
the eyepiece is arranged between the telescope folding axis lens and the turntable folding axis lens, and the light paths of the telescope folding axis lens, the eyepiece and the turntable folding axis lens jointly form a pitching axis Z1;
the relay light path unit comprises a relay folding axis mirror M1, a fine tracking galvanometer M2, a first spectroscope, a second spectroscope, a third spectroscope, a tracking branch mirror group, a fine tracking branch mirror group, a communication receiving mirror group, a communication transmitting mirror group and an advance galvanometer M3;
the relay folding axis mirror M1 is arranged on a reflection light path of the turntable folding axis mirror, and a light path between the relay folding axis mirror M1 and the turntable folding axis mirror forms an azimuth axis Z2 which is orthogonal to the pitch axis Z1;
a fine tracking galvanometer M2 is arranged on a reflection light path of the relay folding axial lens M1; a first spectroscope is arranged on a reflected light path of the fine tracking galvanometer M2; a transmission light path of the first spectroscope is provided with a capturing branch road mirror group, and a reflection light path of the first spectroscope is provided with a second spectroscope; a third spectroscope is arranged on a transmission light path of the second spectroscope; a communication receiving mirror group is arranged on a transmission light path of the third beam splitter, and a fine tracking branch mirror group is arranged on a reflection light path of the third beam splitter;
the communication emission mirror group is used for collimating the light beams and reflecting the light beams to the reflecting surface of the second spectroscope through the advanced vibrating mirror M3;
wherein, the exit pupil of the telescope unit and the entrance pupil of the relay light path unit are coincident and are recorded as a position S2, and the position S2 is positioned near the fine tracking galvanometer M2;
the telescopic objective lens and the eyepiece are rotated about the pitch axis Z1 and the azimuth axis Z2, respectively, or simultaneously rotated about the pitch axis Z1 and the azimuth axis Z2.
Further, the distance between the turntable folding axis mirror and the relay folding axis mirror M1 is larger than 1.5 times of the caliber of the main reflecting mirror in the telescope unit, so that the interference between the telescope objective and the relay optical path unit can be avoided when the telescope objective and the eyepiece rotate around the pitch axis Z1 while the beam quality is ensured.
Further, the distance between the position S2 and the fine tracking galvanometer M2 is 35mm, and the distance not only can ensure the image quality of the telescopic objective lens and the ocular lens, but also can ensure that the light swing envelope caused by the swing of the fine tracking galvanometer M2 is small.
Furthermore, the ocular lens comprises a plurality of lenses which are sequentially arranged along the telescopic folding axis mirror reflection optical path, and the surfaces of the lenses close to the telescopic objective lens are concave surfaces so as to realize that the exit pupil of the ocular lens is pulled out for a sufficient distance. The lenses are all made of quartz glass materials.
Furthermore, the ocular lens comprises a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror and a fourth mirror which are sequentially arranged along the reflection light path of the telescopic folding axis mirror; the first mirror is a biconcave lens, the second mirror and the third mirror are both concave-convex lenses, the fourth mirror is a biconvex lens, and the surfaces of the first mirror, the second mirror and the third mirror close to the telescope objective lens are all concave surfaces. When the field of view does not need too large use scenes, 1-2 pieces of ocular lenses can be reduced.
Furthermore, the focal length ratio of the telescope objective lens to the ocular lens is 8-20, the angular magnification of the telescope unit is 8-20 times, and the incident light beam of the telescope unit is 1/20-1/8 of the caliber of the emergent light beam.
Further, the main reflecting mirror, the sub reflecting mirror and the telescopic folding axis mirror are coaxially arranged.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a using method of the miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system, which comprises the following specific steps:
preparing two sets of the laser communication terminal optical systems, and recording the two sets of the laser communication terminal optical systems as an optical system A and an optical system B;
respectively arranging an optical system A and an optical system B on two space objects;
when the optical system a is used as an optical signal transmitting end, the optical system B is used as an optical signal receiving end, whereas when the optical system B is used as an optical signal transmitting end, the optical system a is used as an optical signal receiving end.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the telescope unit contracts, the aperture of the two-dimensional rotating shaft of the optical system with the two-dimensional rotating shaft constructed by the invention is far smaller than that of the telescope unit, compared with the requirement of the aperture of the rotating shaft of the existing periscopic optical system (1.4 times of the aperture of the telescope), the optical structure of the optical system realizes miniaturization, and the optical system can realize the turning transmission of the optical path only by 3 reflectors (namely a telescope folding axis mirror, a rotary table folding axis mirror and a relay folding axis mirror) from the telescope unit to the relay optical path unit, compared with 5 reflectors required by a theodolite optical system, the optical path is simpler, and the optical system is beneficial to miniaturization.
2. The optical system with the two-dimensional rotating shaft is constructed without a pupil rotating group, and the assembly complexity of the system is reduced.
3. According to the invention, through the layout of the relay optical path unit, the envelope of the relay optical path unit and the envelope of the telescope unit on the XY plane are equivalent, so that the volume of the system is more regular, the envelope is smaller, and meanwhile, all devices in the relay optical path unit are uniformly distributed on two sides of the light beam inlet of the relay optical path unit, so that the structure of the relay optical path unit is more compact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a light path diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an optical path diagram of the telescope unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an optical path diagram of the relay optical path unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural layout diagram of the telescope unit and the relay optical path unit projected on the same plane.
The reference numbers are as follows:
10-telescope system, 20-relay optical path;
z1-pitch axis, Z2-azimuth axis;
11-telescope objective lens; 12-an eyepiece; 13-a turntable axicon; 111-a primary mirror; 112-secondary mirror; 113-telescope folding axis mirror; 121-a first mirror; 122-a second mirror; 123-a third mirror; 124-a fourth mirror; s1-confocal focal plane; s2-telescope unit exit pupil position;
21-a first beam splitter; 22-a second beam splitter; 23-a third beam splitter; 24-a heel capturing road mirror group; 25-a fine tracking branching lens group; 26-a set of communication receiving mirrors; 27-a set of communication emission mirrors; m1-relay folding axis mirror; m2-fine tracking galvanometer; m3-advance galvanometer.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, a compact spatial laser communication terminal optical system and a method for using the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It should be noted that: the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, the intention being solely for the convenience and clarity of illustrating embodiments of the invention; second, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The basic design idea of the invention is as follows:
the telescope unit and the relay light path unit are ingeniously distributed in a space with a coordinate system of XYZ, a two-dimensional rotating pitch axis and an azimuth axis are formed by utilizing a telescope folding axis mirror, a rotary table folding axis mirror and a three-time reflection of a relay folding axis mirror of the relay light path unit in the telescope unit, and the telescope unit rotates around the pitch axis and the azimuth axis to realize the directional aiming of the optical system. In the spatial layout, the telescope unit is arranged above or below the relay optical path unit, and the optical devices in the relay optical path unit are distributed on two sides of the light beam inlet by arranging the reflecting mirror and the spectroscope of the relay optical path unit, so that the size of the relay optical path is compressed, the projection envelope of the relay optical path on an XY plane is equivalent to that of a telescopic system, and the envelope size of the whole system is reduced. The telescope unit does not need a pupil rotating lens group, directly pulls out an exit pupil through an ocular lens, and reaches the relay light path unit through the pitching axis and the azimuth axis.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a specific structure of a miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system, including a telescope unit 10 and a relay optical path unit 20; the system constructs a pitch axis Z1 and an azimuth axis Z2;
as shown in fig. 2, the telescope unit 10 provided in this embodiment includes a telescope objective 11, an eyepiece 12, and a turntable folding axis lens 13; the telescope objective lens 11 and the ocular lens 12 are arranged in a confocal manner, and the confocal focal plane is recorded as S1;
the telescope objective comprises a main reflector 111, a secondary reflector 112 and a telescope folding axis mirror 113; the secondary reflector 112 is positioned on the reflected light path of the primary reflector 111, and the telescopic folding axis mirror 113 is positioned on the reflected light path of the secondary reflector 112; the primary reflector 111 is an even aspheric mirror, the norm F of the primary reflector 111 is between 0.8 and 1.5, the secondary reflector 112 is an even aspheric mirror, and the telescope fold mirror 113 is a plane reflector; the two functions of the telescopic objective lens 11 in use are:
firstly, a light beam emitted by another laser communication terminal optical system is received, and the light beam is condensed and then sent to a relay light path unit through an ocular lens; and the second mode is that the light beam emitted by the relay light path unit is received from the ocular lens, expanded and collimated, and then emitted to another laser communication terminal optical system.
The eyepiece 12 is provided between the telescope mirror 113 and the turret mirror 13, and it should be noted that: the telescopic folding axis mirror 113, the ocular lens 12 and the turntable folding axis mirror 13 form a pitch axis Z1; the eyepiece 12 includes a plurality of lenses that set gradually along the telescope fold axis mirror reflection light path, and the surface that a plurality of lenses are close to the telescope objective is the concave to the realization draws out sufficient distance with the exit pupil position of eyepiece (being the exit pupil position of telescope unit), thereby ensures that the bore of each branch road is as little as possible in the relay optical path unit, and according to the required field of view size of optical system, the quantity of lens in the eyepiece can change.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the eyepiece 12 is provided with four lenses made of quartz glass material, which are respectively a first mirror 121, a second mirror 122, a third mirror 123, and a fourth mirror 124; the first mirror 121 is a biconcave lens, the second mirror 122 and the third mirror 123 are both meniscus lenses, the fourth mirror 124 is a biconvex lens, and the surfaces of the first mirror 121, the second mirror 122 and the third mirror 123 close to the telephoto objective lens 11 are all concave surfaces.
In this embodiment, the focal length ratio between the telescopic objective lens 11 and the eyepiece 12 is 10 to 15 times, so the angular magnification of the telescope unit 10 is 10 to 15 times, and the incident beam of the telescope unit 10 is 1/15 to 1/10 of the caliber of the outgoing beam.
As shown in fig. 3, the relay optical path unit 20 provided in this embodiment includes a first beam splitter 21, a second beam splitter 22, a third beam splitter 23, a tracking branch mirror group 24, a fine tracking branch mirror group 25, a communication receiving mirror group 26, a communication transmitting mirror group 27, a relay folding axis mirror M1, a fine tracking galvanometer M2, and an advance galvanometer M3;
a relay folding axis mirror M1 is provided on the reflection optical path of the turn table folding axis mirror 13, and the optical path between the relay folding axis mirror M1 and the turn table folding axis mirror 13 constitutes an azimuth axis Z2 orthogonal to the pitch axis Z1;
a fine tracking galvanometer M2 is arranged on a reflection light path of the relay folding axial lens M1; a first spectroscope 21 is arranged on a reflection light path of the fine tracking galvanometer M2;
a tracking branch mirror group 24 is arranged on a transmission light path of the first spectroscope 21, the tracking branch mirror group 24 is mainly responsible for receiving light beams shrunk by the telescope unit 10, a focus surface of the tracking branch mirror group is provided with a capturing detector with general precision, and information with rough light spot position is detected; a second spectroscope 22 is arranged on the reflection light path of the first spectroscope 21;
a third spectroscope 23 is arranged on a transmission light path of the second spectroscope 22; a communication receiving mirror group 26 is arranged on a transmission light path of the third beam splitter 23, and the communication receiving mirror group 26 is responsible for receiving light beams condensed by the telescope unit 10, and is coupled to an external communication optical fiber or a detector for demodulating intensity information and/or phase information of light;
a fine tracking branch lens group 25 is arranged on a reflection light path of the third beam splitter 23; the fine tracking branch lens group 25 is responsible for receiving the light beam condensed by the telescope unit 10, the focal plane of the fine tracking branch lens group is a fine tracking detector, the focal distance of the fine tracking branch lens group is generally longer than that of the heel capturing branch lens group 24, and the field of view of the fine tracking branch lens group is smaller than that of the heel capturing branch lens group 24, so that the detailed information of the positions of light spots can be detected.
The communication transmitting mirror group 27 is used for collimating the light beam emitted by the external laser, reflecting the light beam to the reflecting surface of the second beam splitter 22 through the advance galvanometer M3, and finally sending the light beam to the telescope unit 10 for beam expanding and collimating.
The layout of the relay optical path unit is equivalent to the envelope of the telescope unit on the XY plane, so that the volume of the system is more regular, and the envelope is smaller, as shown in FIG. 4, the circle of the dotted line on the left side is the mechanism structure projection envelope of the azimuth axis Z2, the circle of the dotted line on the right side is the telescope mechanism projection envelope, and the two projection envelopes are equivalent to the envelope of the relay optical path unit.
The key design is that the relay folding axis mirror M1 is adopted, if the envelope problem is not considered, the relay folding axis mirror M1 can be omitted in the design of the relay light path unit, and the light emitted by the telescope unit directly reaches the fine tracking galvanometer M2. However, in the scheme, the center of the projection envelope of the azimuth axis mechanism is positioned on the fine tracking galvanometer M2, and half of the projection envelope of the azimuth axis mechanism is not overlapped with the relay optical path unit, so that the volume envelope of the whole instrument is increased. Therefore, in order to further realize the miniaturization design, the invention is additionally provided with the relay folding axis mirror M1, and the relay folding axis mirror M1 is positioned at the left center of the relay optical path unit through the layout of the relay folding axis mirror M1, the fine tracking galvanometer M2, the advance galvanometer M3, the first spectroscope 21, the second spectroscope 22 and the third spectroscope 23, so that the projection envelope of the azimuth axis mechanism and the projection envelope of the telescope mechanism are equivalent to the envelope of the relay optical path unit.
The exit pupil of the telescope unit 10 and the entrance pupil of the relay optical path unit 20 coincide at a position S2; the shorter the distance between the position of S2 and the fine tracking galvanometer M2 is, the better (in order to ensure that the telescopic objective lens and the eyepiece maintain good enough image quality, the distance is 35mm in the present embodiment), the purpose of this is to ensure that the envelope of the light swing caused by the swing of the fine tracking galvanometer M2 is small.
Since the distance between the S2 and the fine tracking galvanometer M2 is close enough, the exit pupil position of the eyepiece is far enough; the exit pupil distance of the eyepiece, defined as the distance between the last lens of the eyepiece and position S2, includes three segments in the light path: the first section is the distance between the last lens of the eyepiece and the rotary table folding axis lens, the second section is the distance between the rotary table folding axis lens and the relay folding axis lens M1, and the third section is the distance between the relay folding axis lens M1 and S2;
the first distance is needed to ensure that the driving mechanism displaying the pitch rotation and the azimuth rotation can be placed, so the first distance should be more than 20 mm;
the second distance is required to ensure that the telescope unit does not interfere with the relay optical path unit when rotating around the pitching direction, and therefore, the distance is larger than the rotation radius of the pitching rotation of the telescope unit; for example, assuming that the aperture of the primary mirror of the telescope unit is D, the axial dimension of the telescope unit is generally greater than 1.2D, and the radius of rotation of the telescope unit about the pitch axis is generally required to be greater than 1.5D, so the distance between the turntable and the relay refractor M1 should be greater than 1.5D.
Theoretically, the position of S2 may be located on the relay folding axis mirror M1, and thus the third distance may be zero.
Based on the above conditions, the eyepiece exit pupil distance should be greater than 1.5D +20 mm. In the present embodiment, since the aperture of the main mirror in the telescope unit is 100mm, the exit pupil distance of the eyepiece is 192mm in the present embodiment, considering that the S2 position is located between the relay folding axis mirror M1 and the fine tracking galvanometer M2, and the S2 position is 35mm from the fine tracking galvanometer M2.
It is also to be emphasized that: through optical relationship analysis, the aperture of each branch in the relay optical path unit should be larger than P +2LNtan θ, where P is the ocular exit pupil diameter, LNDistance L is the distance of each branch from the exit pupil position (i.e., position S2)NAs the diameter of each arm in the relay optical path unit increases, the exit pupil of the eyepiece needs to be extended to the vicinity of the fine tracking galvanometer M2 of the relay optical path unit. The smaller the aperture is, the smaller the precision tracking galvanometer M2 is driven by piezoelectric ceramicsThe better the performance.
The telescopic objective lens 11 and the eyepiece lens 12 rotate around the pitch axis Z1 and the azimuth axis Z2, respectively, or the telescopic objective lens 11 and the eyepiece lens 12 rotate around the pitch axis Z1 and the azimuth axis Z2 simultaneously, so that the pitch direction and/or the azimuth direction are aligned.
Through the above description of the spatial layout and functions of each device in the optical system, the use process of the optical bear system is introduced:
when in use, the two sets of optical systems are respectively arranged on two objects needing to realize laser communication;
the first condition is as follows: when the laser communication terminal optical system is used as a receiving end: the telescope unit 10 receives a light beam emitted by a laser communication terminal on another space object, and after the light beam is sequentially contracted by a telescope objective lens 11 and an ocular lens 12, the light beam is turned by a turntable folding axis lens 13 and then enters a relay light path unit 20.
The light beam entering the relay light path unit 20 is firstly reflected by the relay folding axis mirror M1 and the fine tracking galvanometer M2, and then is split by the first beam splitter 21, and the transmitted light of the first beam splitter 21 reaches the capturing and tracking branch mirror group 24 and is received by a capturing detector arranged outside; the reflected light of the first beam splitter 21 is transmitted by the second beam splitter 22 and then split by the third beam splitter 23, the transmitted light of the third beam splitter 23 reaches the fine tracking branch lens group 25 and is received by a fine tracking detector arranged outside, and the reflected light of the third beam splitter 23 reaches the communication receiving lens group 26 and is coupled into an external communication optical fiber or a detector for demodulating intensity information and/or phase information of light;
case two: when the whole laser communication terminal optical system is used as a transmitting end: the communication emission mirror group 27 of the relay optical path unit 20 collimates the light beam emitted by the external laser, and the light beam is reflected out of the relay optical path unit 20 to the telescope unit 10 through the advance galvanometer M3, the second beam splitter 22, the first beam splitter 21, the fine tracking galvanometer M2 and the relay folding axis mirror M1 in sequence, and then is reflected by the rotary table folding axis mirror 13 in the telescope unit 10, transmitted by the ocular lens 12, expanded and collimated by the telescope objective lens 11, and then reaches the laser communication terminal on another space object.
Claims (8)
1. A miniaturized space laser communication terminal optical system is characterized in that: the telescope comprises a telescope unit and a relay optical path unit; the telescope unit is integrally positioned above or below the relay optical path unit;
the telescope unit comprises a telescope objective, an ocular and a turntable folding axis lens; the telescope objective lens and the ocular lens are arranged in a confocal manner;
the telescope objective lens comprises a main reflector, a secondary reflector and a telescope folding axis lens;
the secondary reflector is positioned on the reflected light path of the main reflector, and the telescopic folding axis mirror is positioned on the reflected light path of the secondary reflector;
the main reflector and the secondary reflector are both even-order aspheric mirrors, the norm F of the main reflector is 0.8-1.5, and the telescope folding axis mirror is a plane reflector;
the eyepiece is arranged between the telescope folding axis lens and the turntable folding axis lens, and the light paths of the telescope folding axis lens, the eyepiece and the turntable folding axis lens jointly form a pitching axis Z1;
the relay light path unit comprises a relay folding axis mirror M1, a fine tracking galvanometer M2, a first spectroscope, a second spectroscope, a third spectroscope, a tracking branch mirror group, a fine tracking branch mirror group, a communication receiving mirror group, a communication transmitting mirror group and an advance galvanometer M3;
the relay folding axis mirror M1 is arranged on a reflection light path of the rotary table folding axis mirror, a light path between the relay folding axis mirror M1 and the rotary table folding axis mirror forms an azimuth axis Z2 which is orthogonal to the pitching axis Z1, and the distance between the rotary table folding axis mirror and the relay folding axis mirror M1 is larger than the rotation radius of the telescope unit around the pitching axis;
a fine tracking galvanometer M2 is arranged on a reflection light path of the relay folding axial lens M1; a first spectroscope is arranged on a reflected light path of the fine tracking galvanometer M2; a transmission light path of the first spectroscope is provided with a capturing branch road mirror group, and a reflection light path of the first spectroscope is provided with a second spectroscope; a third spectroscope is arranged on a transmission light path of the second spectroscope; a transmission light path of the third beam splitter is provided with a communication receiving mirror group, and a reflection light path of the third beam splitter is provided with a fine tracking branch mirror group;
the communication emission mirror group is used for collimating the light beams and reflecting the light beams to the reflecting surface of the second spectroscope through the advanced vibrating mirror M3;
wherein, the exit pupil of the telescope unit and the entrance pupil of the relay light path unit are coincident and are recorded as a position S2, and the position S2 is positioned near the fine tracking galvanometer M2;
the telescopic objective lens and the eyepiece are rotated about the pitch axis Z1 and the azimuth axis Z2, respectively, or simultaneously rotated about the pitch axis Z1 and the azimuth axis Z2.
2. The optical system of a compact space laser communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the turntable axial folding mirror and the relay axial folding mirror M1 is larger than 1.5 times of the caliber of the main reflecting mirror in the telescope unit.
3. The optical system of a compact space laser communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the eyepiece includes a plurality of lenses that set gradually along telescope broken-axis mirror reflection light path, and the surface that a plurality of lenses are close to telescope objective is the concave surface.
4. The optical system of a compact space laser communication terminal according to claim 3, wherein: the lenses are all made of quartz glass materials.
5. The optical system of a compact space laser communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the eyepiece comprises a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror and a fourth mirror which are sequentially arranged along a telescopic folding axis mirror reflection light path; the first mirror is a biconcave lens, the second mirror and the third mirror are both concave-convex lenses, the fourth mirror is a biconvex lens, and the surfaces of the first mirror, the second mirror and the third mirror close to the telescope objective lens are all concave surfaces.
6. The optical system of a compact space laser communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the focal length ratio of the telescope objective lens to the ocular lens is 8-20, the angular magnification of the telescope unit is 8-20 times, and the incident light beam of the telescope unit is 1/20-1/8 of the caliber of the emergent light beam.
7. The optical system of a compact space laser communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the main reflector, the secondary reflector and the telescope are coaxially arranged.
8. A method for using an optical system of a miniaturized space laser communication terminal is characterized in that:
preparing two sets of optical systems according to claim 1, denoted as optical system a and optical system B;
respectively arranging an optical system A and an optical system B on two space objects;
when the optical system a is used as an optical signal transmitting end, the optical system B is used as an optical signal receiving end, whereas when the optical system B is used as an optical signal transmitting end, the optical system a is used as an optical signal receiving end.
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