CN113610430A - A cost analysis and control method for thermal power plants - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及火电厂成本规划技术领域，尤其涉及一种火电厂成本分析及管控方法，包括如下步骤：利用成本分析模块将总成本分为若干个成本分项，对每个成本分项进行进一步成本递归分析，直至生成成本管控项；成本管控目标制定模块收集整理成本管控项，并分析影响成本管控项的因素；成本管控措施模块根据影响成本管控项的因素制定成本管控措施；通过成本管控督办模块根据成本管控措施生成管控督办单。本发明对生产、经营、财务、人资四个方面进行了全面、深入的分析，查找影响因素，重点突出成本分析的显著的层级关系，深层次挖掘影响火电厂成本的各类因素，逐一分析，并制定点到点的精细化管控措施，从而有效降低成本。
The invention relates to the technical field of cost planning for thermal power plants, in particular to a cost analysis and control method for thermal power plants, comprising the following steps: using a cost analysis module to divide the total cost into several cost sub-items, and carry out further cost analysis for each cost sub-item Recursive analysis until the cost control items are generated; the cost control target setting module collects and sorts out the cost control items, and analyzes the factors that affect the cost control items; the cost control measures module formulates cost control measures according to the factors affecting the cost control items; through the cost control supervision module Generate control and supervision orders based on cost control measures. The present invention conducts a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the four aspects of production, operation, finance and human resources, finds the influencing factors, focuses on the significant hierarchical relationship of cost analysis, deeply excavates various factors affecting the cost of thermal power plants, and analyzes them one by one. , and formulate point-to-point refined control measures to effectively reduce costs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power plant cost planning, in particular to a thermal power plant cost analysis and control method.
Background
The profit mode of enterprise mainly divide into and enlarges sales volume and reduce cost two aspects, to thermal power plant, the generated energy of enterprise receives unified allotment, consequently is the reasonable operating cost that reduces for promoting the mode of enterprise profit first. Cost management and control have the effect of putting the weight in power plant management, cost management is good, just can improve the utilization ratio of enterprise's fund, reduces unnecessary fund loss, reaches cost reduction and efficiency improvement, promotes the purpose of power plant core competitiveness. The current power generation enterprises mainly have the following two defects on cost management:
the analysis of the cost of the current thermal power plant is mainly divided into four categories of production, management, finance and human resources; ten items such as fuel cost, water cost, material cost, repair cost, commission operating cost, employee compensation, depreciation cost, tax, financial cost, and other costs, but the composition of a particular cost item is not currently systematically and comprehensively subdivided.
Detailed cost-reducing modification measures and plans are not made, and a closed loop is not formed for cost analysis, cost control target making, cost control measure implementation, cost control action execution and cost control supervision. Therefore, a method for analyzing and controlling the cost of the thermal power plant is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for analyzing and controlling the cost of a thermal power plant, which is used for making detailed cost-reducing reconstruction measures and plans without performing systematic and comprehensive subdivision on the constitution of specific cost items, and solves the problems that the existing cost management is limited on a macroscopic level, specific cost analysis cannot be performed, specific measures cannot be provided, and the cost management effect is poor.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a thermal power plant cost analysis and control method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing the total cost into a plurality of cost items by using a cost analysis module, and performing further cost recursive analysis on each cost item until a cost control item is generated;
s2, the cost control target making module collects and arranges the cost control items and analyzes factors influencing the cost control items;
s3, the cost management and control measure module makes cost management and control measures according to factors influencing the cost management and control items;
and S4, generating a management and control supervision order according to the cost management and control measure through the cost management and control supervision module.
Preferably, the cost control item is a cost sub item which can directly adjust the influence factors of the cost control item through a control measure so as to influence the total cost.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into a fuel cost, the fuel cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain a power generation fire coal cost, the power generation fire coal cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain a power supply coal consumption, the power supply coal consumption is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain a steam turbine heat consumption rate, the steam turbine heat consumption rate is a cost control item which is collected, arranged and analyzed by the cost control target setting module, and the control measures set by the cost control measure module according to the cost control item influence factors include: the method comprises the following steps of through-flow modification of a steam turbine, capacity expansion modification of an air cooling island, optimization of a heating power and drainage system, optimization of steam distribution and sliding pressure, optimization of a steam source of a heater, modification of a soot blowing steam source, installation and optimization of a wear-resistant tile of a reheater, leakage treatment of a vacuum system, cleaning and optimization of air cooling fins, keeping the steam turbine in a whole-process investment of the optimized sliding pressure curve and adjustment of backpressure of a unit between 30% and 90% of rated load, and generating a management and control supervision order according to the management and control measure through a cost management and control module.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into fuel cost, the fuel cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain power generation fire coal cost, the power generation fire coal cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain power supply coal consumption, the power supply coal consumption is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain plant power consumption, the plant power consumption is a cost control item which is collected, arranged and analyzed by the cost control target making module, and the control measure made by the cost control measure module according to the cost control item influence factor comprises: the method comprises the following steps of water feeding pump frequency conversion capacity increase transformation, air preheater cold end heat exchange element replacement, air cooling fan blade form transformation, fixed air heater transformation into rotary air heater, air blower speed reduction transformation, air preheater flexible seal transformation, vacuum pump energy saving transformation, condensate pump depth frequency conversion optimization, closed water pump permanent magnet transformation, ash removal system optimization, reasonable distribution of multi-machine operation load, slurry circulating pump operation mode optimization, oxidation fan operation optimization, heating surface ash removal optimization, air preheater water washing optimization and coal conveying operation mode optimization, any one or more of the measures, and a cost management and control management module generates a management and control order according to the management and control measures.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into fuel cost, the fuel cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain power generation coal cost, the power generation coal cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain power supply coal consumption, the power supply coal consumption is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain boiler efficiency, the boiler efficiency is a cost control item which is collected, arranged and analyzed by the cost control target making module, and the cost control measure made by the cost control measure module according to the cost control item influence factor comprises: the air preheater heat exchange element is reformed, the combustion is optimized and adjusted, any one or more of the measures are adopted, and a management and control supervision order is generated according to the management and control measures through the cost management and control supervision module.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into material cost, the material cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain denitration material fee, the denitration material fee is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain factor influence of the denitration device, the factor influence of the denitration device is a cost control item collected, arranged and analyzed by the cost control target setting module, and the control measure set by the cost control measure module according to the factor influence of the cost control item includes: recording the operation time of the catalyst, testing the activity of the catalyst and replacing the catalyst with lower activity in time; checking the blockage condition of the ammonia spraying pipe, and cleaning the blocked part; carrying out detailed repair welding on the ammonia spraying leakage point, adding an anti-abrasion iron, replacing the seriously abraded ammonia spraying branch pipe and adding an anti-abrasion tile; cleaning accumulated dust of a catalyst of the denitration equipment; and replacing the damaged catalyst module, wherein any one or more measures are taken, and generating a management and control supervision order according to the management and control measures through the cost management and control supervision module.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into a material cost, the material cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain a desulfurization material fee, the desulfurization material fee is a cost control item collected, sorted and analyzed by the cost control target formulation module, and the control measure formulated by the cost control measure module according to the cost control item influence factor comprises: purchasing coal with sulfur content lower than 0.56%; dredging the oxidation air pipe to ensure sufficient oxidation air quantity; performing anti-fracture treatment on the pulse tube; ash removal is carried out on the electric precipitation polar plates, and the distance between the polar plates is adjusted; checking the rectification flow of the electric dust collector, adjusting the distance between polar plates of the dust collector, and plugging water leakage points; fine adjustment of SO2And the emission value is any one or more of the measures, and a management and control supervision order is generated by the cost management and control supervision module according to the management and control measures.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into a material cost, the material cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain a daily maintenance material fee, the daily maintenance material fee is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain a chemical material fee, the chemical material fee is a cost control item collected, sorted and analyzed by the cost control target formulation module, and the control measure formulated by the cost control measure module according to the cost control item influence factor includes: prolonging the time of the powder resin filter; centrally purchasing a coagulant; replacing the reverse osmosis membrane element once; on the premise of ensuring the verification result, the coal chemical verification consumable is replaced by non-original factory accessories, any one or more of the measures are adopted, and the management and control bill is generated according to the management and control measures through the cost management and control module.
Preferably, the cost analysis module analyzes the assembly cost into water cost, the water cost is further analyzed by the cost analysis module to obtain water consumption, the water consumption is a cost management and control item which is collected, arranged and analyzed by the cost management and control target setting module and used for influencing factors, and the management and control measures set by the cost management and control measure module according to the cost management and control item influence factors include: the living standard is modified by additionally arranging a treatment facility; energy-saving transformation of the vacuum pump; improving a sludge discharge mode of a coal-containing wastewater treatment system; the mechanical stirring pond of main water source is put into operation, and production water quality promotes, realizes waste water recovery, and any one or more in the above-mentioned measure to according to this management and control measure generation management and control list through cost management and control management module.
Preferably, the cost of each cost item is accessed and summarized in a unified way according to the engineering production management system, the enterprise resource plan and the safety instrument system.
The invention provides a method for analyzing and controlling the cost of a thermal power plant, which comprises the steps of dividing the total cost into cost items, carrying out cost recursive analysis on each item in the same mode until a cost control item is generated, then formulating control measures according to the control item, generating a control supervision list and realizing the closed-loop management of the cost control. The method comprises the steps of comprehensively and deeply analyzing four aspects of production, management, finance and human resources, searching for influence factors, emphasizing obvious hierarchical relation of cost analysis, deeply excavating various factors influencing the cost of the thermal power plant by points, surfaces and interior and by a macroscopic to microscopic progressive analysis method, analyzing one by one, and making point-to-point refined control measures, thereby effectively reducing the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cost management process according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a general view of the cost structure of the thermal power plant according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a thermal power plant cost analysis and control method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing the total cost into a plurality of cost items by using a cost analysis module, and performing further cost recursive analysis on each cost item until a cost control item is generated;
s2, the cost control target making module collects and arranges the cost control items and analyzes factors influencing the cost control items; the cost control item is a cost sub item which can directly adjust the influence factors of the cost control item through control measures so as to influence the total cost.
S3, the cost management and control measure module makes cost management and control measures according to factors influencing the cost management and control items;
and S4, generating a management and control supervision order according to the cost management and control measure through the cost management and control supervision module.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 2, the total cost composition includes a fuel cost (57.42%), an equipment depreciation cost (20.78%), a financial cost (6.67%), an employee salary (4.28%), a commission operation cost (3.77%), a material cost (1.96%), a repair cost (1.48%), a water fee (0.2%), a tax fee (1.27%), and other expenses (2.17%), each fishbone spur constitutes a subentry for the cost, each subentry is subjected to cost recursive analysis in the same manner until a cost control item is generated, and then a control measure is made according to the control item to generate a control supervision bill, so that closed-loop management of cost control is realized. Wherein, the cost of each cost item is uniformly accessed and summarized according to systems such as PMS (project production management system), ERP (enterprise resource planning), SIS (safety instrumentation system) and the like.
Dividing the total cost into a plurality of cost items, further carrying out cost recursive analysis on each cost item until a cost control item is generated, and analyzing factors influencing the cost control item, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
the fuel cost is the main cost of the thermal power plant, and the cost recursive analysis of the fuel cost is equal to the cost of power generation fire coal (95.8%) + the cost of heat supply fire coal (4.1%) + the cost of fuel oil (0.1%); performing cost recursive analysis on fuel cost to obtain power generation coal cost, namely power supply coal consumption and power supply quantity, and marking coal unit price; wherein:
the cost of the power generation fire coal is subjected to cost recursive analysis to obtain the cost of the power generation fire coal, namely power coal consumption, power supply quantity and standard coal unit price, in the embodiment, the power supply quantity is limited by external factors, and no further analysis and treatment are carried out; wherein:
performing cost recursive analysis on power supply coal consumption, wherein the cost recursive analysis mainly comprises steam turbine heat consumption rate, plant power consumption rate and boiler efficiency; wherein:
carrying out cost recursive analysis on the heat consumption of the steam turbine, wherein the cost recursive analysis is mainly composed of the through-flow efficiency of the steam turbine, a primary steam parameter, a final steam parameter, the regenerative degree of a working medium, the load rate of a unit and the leakage of a steam-water system; the load rate of the unit is influenced by external factors, and no further analysis and processing are carried out; wherein:
the through-flow efficiency of the steam turbine is subjected to cost recursive analysis and mainly comprises high and medium pressure high efficiency, low pressure cylinder efficiency and high and medium pressure cylinder oil seal air leakage;
carrying out cost recursive analysis on the steam initial parameters, wherein the steam initial parameters mainly comprise reheat steam pressure, main steam pressure, reheat steam temperature and main steam temperature;
and carrying out cost recursive analysis on the steam final parameters, wherein the cost recursive analysis is mainly composed of air cooling system design allowance, air leakage of a vacuum system and backpressure adjustment.
The power plant power consumption rate is subjected to cost recursive analysis and mainly comprises a vacuum pump power consumption rate, a closed water pump power consumption rate, a condensate pump power consumption rate, an air cooling fan power consumption rate, six fan power consumption rates, a water feeding pump power consumption rate, a circulating water pump power consumption rate, an electric dust removal power consumption rate, a coal conveying power consumption rate, an air compressor power consumption rate, a coal mill power consumption rate and a desulfurization power consumption rate.
Boiler efficiency carries out cost recursive analysis, mainly by chemical incomplete combustion loss, mechanical incomplete combustion loss, loss of discharging fume, heat dissipation loss, ash and slag physical loss constitute, wherein:
the cost recursive analysis of the exhaust loss is mainly composed of heating surface accumulated ash, ash blockage caused by the accumulated ash of the air preheater and exit of the low-temperature economizer.
Performing cost recursive analysis on the unit price of the marked coal, wherein the cost recursive analysis mainly comprises the price of the coal entering the field and the heat value difference; wherein:
the entrance coal price is subjected to cost recursive analysis and mainly comprises a delivery fare, a vehicle board price, a logistics service fee and a freight fee, and in the embodiment, the fees are all uniformly priced without further analysis and treatment;
the cost of the heat supply fire coal is subjected to cost recursive analysis, which mainly comprises the unit price of the standard coal, the heat supply amount and the heat supply coal consumption, and in the embodiment, no further analysis and treatment are carried out;
the fuel cost is subjected to a cost recursive analysis, which mainly comprises fuel cost and secondary cost, in this embodiment, the secondary cost is not further analyzed and processed, wherein:
carrying out cost recursive analysis on fuel cost influence factors, wherein the cost recursive analysis mainly comprises fuel unit price and fuel consumption;
in this embodiment, the depreciation cost is calculated according to the regulation of the corresponding enterprise, such as capital investment, wherein the depreciation cost is the original value of the asset and the depreciation rate;
the financial expense is composed of financial institution handling fee, mobile fund borrowing interest, project loan interest, bank interest income and entrusted loan interest income;
the staff pay is composed of the total amount of wages, the expense of the workshop, the expense of the staff education, the welfare, each social insurance and the housing accumulation, and in this embodiment, each enterprise performs unified approval without further analysis and processing.
Entrusting the operating charge to carry out cost recursive analysis, wherein the cost recursive analysis mainly comprises an operating maintenance project and a maintenance and repair maintenance project;
performing cost recursive analysis on material cost, wherein the cost is mainly composed of denitration material cost, desulfuration material cost, denitration material unit price, desulfuration material unit price and daily maintenance material cost, and the material unit price is performed by bidding without further analysis and treatment;
the denitration material cost mainly comprises factors before a denitration inlet, coal quality influence, influence of denitration equipment and operation adjustment, wherein the factors before the denitration inlet and the coal quality influence are not further analyzed and processed;
the influence of the denitration equipment is mainly formed by the service life of the catalyst and the state of the ammonia spraying equipment;
the operation adjustment mainly comprises NOx deviation at a denitration inlet, a coal mill operation mode, combustion adjustment and NOx emission.
The desulfurization material cost is mainly composed of operation adjustment, coal sulfur content, slurry quality and equipment.
The daily maintenance material charge mainly comprises desulfurization drugs, chemical operation drugs, chemical examination class drugs, consumption and instrument accessories of the chemical examination class;
the repair cost mainly comprises water melting, civil engineering, desulfurization, secondary, powder making, ash burning, a steam engine, primary, boiler and thermal engineering costs;
the water charge mainly comprises water consumption and unit price, and in the embodiment, the unit price is not analyzed and controlled;
other expenses are mainly composed of intangible asset amortization, property insurance fees, informationized construction fees, ash processing fees, fire-fighting guard fees, intermediary fees, three-public fees and test inspection fees.
After the cost is analyzed and the management and control items are generated, the cost management and control measure module makes cost management and control measures, and the cost management and control supervision module generates a cost management and control supervision order; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method for making the management and control measures for the plant power consumption (cost management and control items) by the cost management and control measure module comprises the following steps: performing frequency conversion capacity-increasing transformation on the water feed pump; replacing a cold-end heat exchange element of the air preheater; modifying the form of the blades of the air cooling fan; the fixed air heater is changed into a rotary air heater; reducing the speed of the air blower; the air preheater is transformed in a flexible sealing manner; energy-saving transformation of the vacuum pump; optimizing the depth frequency conversion of the condensate pump; permanent magnet transformation of a closed water pump; optimizing an ash removal system; reasonably distributing the operation load of multiple machines; optimizing the operation mode of the slurry circulating pump; optimizing the operation of the oxidation fan; soot blowing optimization of a heating surface and water washing optimization of an air preheater; optimizing the coal conveying operation mode.
The method for making the management and control measures for the heat consumption rate (cost management and control items) of the steam turbine by the cost management and control measure module comprises the following steps: through-flow transformation of a steam turbine; performing capacity-increasing transformation on the air cooling island; optimizing a thermal and drainage system; optimizing steam distribution and sliding pressure; optimizing a steam source of the air heater; reforming a soot blowing steam source; installing and optimizing an abrasion-proof tile of the reheater; treating the leakage of the vacuum system; optimizing the cleaning of the air cooling fins; the unit keeps the turbine to be put into the system in the whole process according to the optimized sliding pressure curve between 30% and 90% of rated load; and adjusting the back pressure of the unit.
The management and control measures for making the boiler efficiency (cost management and control items) by the cost management and control measure module comprise the following steps: modifying a heat exchange element of the air preheater; and (4) optimizing and adjusting the combustion.
The management and control measures for reducing the unit price (cost management and control items) of the standard coal are formulated by the cost management and control measures module, and the management and control measures comprise the following steps: adjusting the incoming coal proportion;
the step of making the control measures for reducing the coal stacking time (cost control items) by the cost control measure module comprises the following steps: and (4) establishing a digital coal yard and making a burning plan of coal as fired.
The management and control measures for formulating the unit price (cost management and control item) of the fuel by the cost management and control measure module comprise: and adjusting a fuel purchasing strategy and establishing a fuel purchasing cost model.
The management and control measures for reducing the unit oil consumption (cost management and control items) are formulated by the cost management and control measures module and comprise the following steps: before starting, each phase test of unit equipment is completed, so that the abnormal equipment is avoided, and the starting time of the unit is prolonged; and optimizing the oil gun test.
The method for making the control measure of the factor influence (cost control item) of the denitration equipment by the cost control measure module comprises the following steps: recording the operation time of the catalyst, testing the activity of the catalyst, and replacing the catalyst with lower activity in time; checking the blockage condition of the ammonia spraying pipe, and cleaning the blocked part; carrying out detailed repair welding on the ammonia spraying leakage point, adding an anti-abrasion iron, replacing the seriously abraded ammonia spraying branch pipe and adding an anti-abrasion tile; cleaning accumulated dust of a catalyst of the denitration equipment; and replacing the damaged catalyst module.
The management and control measures for making operation adjustment (cost management and control items) by the cost management and control measure module comprise: improving the annual average emission value of NOx.
Cost control measure module for making and reducing desulfurization material cost (cost control item)The management and control measures comprise: purchasing coal with sulfur content lower than 0.56%; dredging the oxidation air pipe to ensure sufficient oxidation air quantity; performing anti-fracture treatment on the pulse tube; ash removal is carried out on the electric precipitation polar plates, and the distance between the polar plates is adjusted; checking the rectification flow of the electric dust collector, adjusting the distance between polar plates of the dust collector, and plugging water leakage points; fine adjustment of SO2The emission value.
The cost control measure module is used for making control measures for reducing the chemical material cost (cost control items) and comprises the following steps: prolonging the time of the powder resin filter; centrally purchasing a coagulant; replacing the reverse osmosis membrane element once; on the premise of ensuring the verification result, the coal chemical testing consumables are replaced by non-original plant accessories.
The management and control measures for reducing the power generation water consumption (cost management and control items) are formulated by the cost management and control measure module and comprise the following steps: the living standard is modified by additionally arranging a treatment facility; energy-saving transformation of the vacuum pump; improving a sludge discharge mode of a coal-containing wastewater treatment system; the main water source mechanical stirring pool is put into operation, the quality of the produced water is improved, and the recovery of the waste water is realized;
the cost control measure module makes control measures for reducing financial expenses (cost control items) and comprises the following steps: making a fund arrangement and making a high interest project loan repayment plan; continuously developing debt optimization; the fund withdrawal force is increased; and recovering part of the entrusted loan and financing a new fund source.
In this embodiment, a cost management and control completion measure item is made, a cost management and control action plan is made, and a public customs group, a group leader, a secondary group leader and a group member of an appointed group are assigned; making a definite action item cost control target, wherein the specific action item has a special responsible person and completion time; making control action reward and punishment measures; generating a task supervision list, and supervising the pipe control measures; and setting a control project responsible person, a supervisor and a task execution time node and achieving the effect.
According to the invention, a fishbone diagram analysis method is used for comprehensively and deeply analyzing four aspects of production, management, finance and human resources, influence factors are searched, an obvious hierarchical relation of cost analysis is highlighted, various factors influencing the cost of the thermal power plant are deeply excavated by a point-to-surface progressive analysis method from the exterior to the interior and a macroscopic to microscopic progressive analysis method, the factors are analyzed one by one, and point-to-point fine control measures are made, so that the cost is effectively reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
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