CN113607597A - Weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method and system - Google Patents
Weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing drying models of various fruits and vegetables according to experimental measurement data of the various fruits and vegetables; and then drying the fruits and vegetables according to the drying models of the various fruits and vegetables, and calculating the water content of the various fruits and vegetables at any moment in the drying process by adopting iterative calculation, the drying models and the water content calculation models according to the measured real-time weight change of the fruits and vegetables. According to the weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method, the real-time water content of the fruit and vegetable is obtained by weighing the weight of the fruit and vegetable in real time, online measurement of the water content of the fruit and vegetable can be achieved, the method has high measurement precision, the online measurement requirement of the water content of the fruit and vegetable is met, and the drying quality of the fruit and vegetable is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for detecting the water content of fruits and vegetables, in particular to a method and a system for detecting the water content of fruits and vegetables on line in a weighing mode.
Background
The moisture content is an important quality index of agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables, and in the drying and processing process of the agricultural products, the change condition of the moisture content must be known in time, and the moisture content is rapidly measured so as to control the drying process and enable the products to reach the required moisture content. The real-time monitoring of the water content is the basis for realizing the automatic control of the drying process. Because the moisture content of fresh fruits and vegetables is up to more than 90%, the fruits and the vegetables are dried to the safe moisture content, and the drying time is longer. Therefore, the prior fruit and vegetable drying machine mostly adopts a box type or tunnel type drying machine. Generally, fruits and vegetables are placed on a tray layer by layer, and then the tray is placed on a rack of an oven or a drying room for long-time heating and drying. If the moisture content of fruits and vegetables is required to be known, samples are taken from a drying room which is drying, the samples are sent to a laboratory, and the moisture content is measured by an oven method. Because the moisture content of the fruits and vegetables is measured by adopting an oven method, the time of several hours is usually required. Therefore, the moisture content of the fruits and vegetables in the drying process cannot be monitored, and the automatic control of the drying process of the fruits and vegetables cannot be realized. At present, in the drying and processing process of fruits and vegetables, the control of the final water content of the fruit and vegetable products mainly depends on experience. And (4) estimating the final water content of the product by an operator according to experience or according to the drying test result of a laboratory to determine the drying termination time. The operation is extremely unreliable, the final water content of the product cannot be accurately grasped, the quality of the dried fruit and vegetable products is unstable, and the commodity value of the dried fruit and vegetable products is seriously influenced. Therefore, the market needs an online detection method and technology for the water content of fruits and vegetables.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method and system can accurately measure the water content of various fruits and vegetables in the drying process on line, so that the quality of dried fruit and vegetable products is ensured.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method, which comprises the following steps:
and 3, calculating the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables according to the optimal drying model, the initial water content M0 and the final water content Me of the fruits and vegetables.
As a further limiting scheme of the method, the specific steps of establishing the optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables in the step 1 are as follows:
step 1.1, obtaining a data set of water contents of various fruit and vegetable samples changing along with drying time under the conditions of drying at different hot air temperatures;
step 1.2, selecting various drying models suitable for drying fruits and vegetables, and establishing a model set;
step 1.3, fitting the drying models in the model set by using the data in the data set by adopting a regression analysis method, and determining undetermined coefficients in each drying model so as to obtain a series of drying models of various fruit and vegetable samples at different drying temperatures;
and step 1.4, comparing the obtained series of drying models, and determining the optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables under the condition of drying at a certain hot air temperature according to the principle that the correlation coefficient is maximum and the root mean square error of the water content is minimum.
As a further limitation of the method, in step 1.2, the set of models is created to include various thin layer drying models.
As a further limitation of the method, in step 1.3, when the selected drying model is fitted using regression analysis using the data in the data set:
firstly, ordering:
MR＝(Mt-Me)/(M0-Me)
in the formula, MR is the water ratio, Mt is the water content of the data set at a time t under a certain hot air temperature drying condition, M0 is the initial water content, and Me is the final water content;
the obtained moisture ratio MR is then assigned to the corresponding thin layer drying model.
As a further limiting scheme of the method, in the step 2, the specific steps of calculating the initial water content M0 of the fruits and vegetables are as follows:
step 2.1, setting the initial water content M0 value of certain fruit and vegetable arbitrarily, and making the water content error value during iterative computation be e;
step 2.2, acquiring the weight G0 of the fruits and vegetables before drying by using a real-time weighing system, and then acquiring the weight G1 and the weight G2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 in the drying process;
step 2.3, calculating and obtaining the water contents M1 and M2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 by using the optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables, and calculating the initial water content M' 0 as follows:
M’0＝1-A/G0[M1/(1-M1)-M2/(1-M2)]
wherein a ═ G1-G2;
step 2.4, if M0-M ' 0 is larger than e, making M ' 0 be M0, respectively calculating the water content M ' 1 and M ' 2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 by using the optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables, and then entering step 2.5, and if M0-M ' 0 is not more than e, entering step 2.6;
step 2.5, calculating the initial water content M' 0 again as:
M’0＝1-A/G0[M’1/(1-M’1)-M’2/(1-M′2)]
returning to the step 2.4;
and 2.6, making M' 0 be M0 to obtain the real initial water content M0 of the fruit and vegetable.
As a further limiting scheme of the method, in the step 3, the specific steps of calculating the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables are as follows:
step 3.1, setting the initial water content M0 value of the fruit and vegetable product at will, and then setting the final water content Me of the fruit and vegetable according to the drying requirement of the fruit and vegetable product;
step 3.2, calculating to obtain a water ratio MRi at the moment ti by using the optimal drying model of the corresponding fruits and vegetables;
and 3.3, calculating the water content Mi of the fruits and vegetables at the moment ti according to the final water content Me, the initial water content M0 and the water content ratio MRi as follows:
Mi＝MRi(M0-Me)+Me。
the invention also provides a weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection system which comprises drying equipment, a real-time weighing mechanism and a processing control module for executing the weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method;
the real-time weighing mechanism is arranged in a drying chamber of the drying equipment;
the processing control module controls the drying temperature of the drying equipment, so that the drying equipment dries the fruits and vegetables according to the current optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables;
and the processing control module acquires the weighing result of the real-time weighing mechanism in real time and calculates the current water content of the fruits and vegetables in real time according to the weighing result.
As a further limiting scheme of the system, the system also comprises a touch screen electrically connected with the processing control module;
the touch screen is used for inputting the fruit and vegetable type, the drying temperature, the final moisture content Me, the initial moisture content M0 and the moisture content error value e of the current fruit and vegetable to be dried, and the weight and the real-time moisture content of the current fruit and vegetable sent by the real-time display processing control module;
the processing control module is used for searching the optimal drying model of the corresponding type according to the input fruit and vegetable type.
As a further limiting scheme of the system, the real-time weighing mechanism comprises a weighing plate, a material trolley and four weight sensors; the four weight sensors are fixedly arranged at four vertex angles of the lower side surface of the weighing plate and are electrically connected with the processing control module; the material cart is parked on the weighing plate and used for placing fruits and vegetables to be dried.
As a further limiting scheme of the system, the drying equipment comprises an equipment shell, a heat pump type system, a circulating fan and a temperature and humidity sensor; two drying chambers are arranged in the equipment shell, and the circulating fan is used for circularly supplying heating air flows of the two drying chambers; the heat pump type system is positioned on a heating airflow path of the circulating fan and is used for dehumidifying and heating the heating airflow; the temperature and humidity sensor is used for detecting the temperature and the humidity of the heating air flow; the processing control module is respectively electrically connected with the heat pump type system, the circulating fan and the temperature and humidity sensor, and controls the heat pump type system and the circulating fan according to the temperature and the humidity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the optimal drying models of various fruits and vegetables are constructed through experimental measurement data, so that high drying precision can be ensured when drying is carried out according to the corresponding drying models, the on-line measurement requirement of the water content of the fruits and vegetables is met, and the quality of dried products of the fruits and vegetables is ensured; by calculating the initial water content M0 of the fruits and vegetables, the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables can be obtained under the condition that the initial water content M0 is unknown, and the method has high adaptability.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of:
and 3, calculating the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables according to the optimal drying model, the initial water content M0 and the final water content Me of the fruits and vegetables.
The optimal drying models of various fruits and vegetables are constructed through experimental measurement data, so that high drying precision can be ensured when drying is carried out according to the corresponding drying models, the on-line measurement requirement of the water content of the fruits and vegetables is met, and the quality of dried products of the fruits and vegetables is ensured; by calculating the initial water content M0 of the fruits and vegetables, the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables can be obtained under the condition that the initial water content M0 is unknown, and the method has high adaptability.
As a further limiting scheme of the method, the specific steps of establishing the optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables in the step 1 are as follows:
step 1.1, obtaining a data set of water contents of various fruit and vegetable samples changing along with drying time under the conditions of drying at different hot air temperatures;
step 1.2, selecting various drying models suitable for drying fruits and vegetables, and establishing a model set;
step 1.3, fitting the drying models in the model set by using the data in the data set by adopting a regression analysis method, and determining undetermined coefficients in each drying model so as to obtain a series of drying models of various fruit and vegetable samples at different drying temperatures;
and step 1.4, comparing the obtained series of drying models, and determining the optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables under the condition of drying at a certain hot air temperature according to the principle that the correlation coefficient is maximum and the root mean square error of the water content is minimum.
Fitting various drying models by using data in a data set through a regression analysis method so as to obtain the optimal drying models which accord with various fruit and vegetable categories; the principle that the correlation coefficient is maximum and the root mean square error of the water content is minimum is utilized to determine the optimal drying models of various fruits and vegetables under the condition of drying at various hot air temperatures, so that the corresponding optimal drying models can be selected according to different temperatures during drying, the online accurate measurement of the water content of various fruits and vegetables in the drying process is ensured, and the quality of dried fruit and vegetable products is ensured.
As a further limitation of the method, in step 1.2, the set of models is created to include various thin layer drying models.
As a further limitation of the method, in step 1.3, when the selected drying model is fitted using regression analysis using the data in the data set:
firstly, ordering:
MR＝(Mt-Me)/(M0-Me)
in the formula, MR is the water ratio, Mt is the water content of the data set at a time t under a certain hot air temperature drying condition, M0 is the initial water content, and Me is the final water content;
the obtained moisture ratio MR is then assigned to the corresponding thin layer drying model. Thin layer drying models include Page model, Sutherland model, Wang and Singh model, etc.; the obtained moisture ratio MR is assigned to the corresponding thin layer drying model, namely:
the Page model formula is as follows:
MR＝exp(-ktn)
in the formula, k and n are coefficients to be determined obtained by fitting;
sutherland model formula is:
MR＝exp(-kt)
in the formula, k is a coefficient to be determined obtained by fitting;
the Wang and Singh model formula is as follows:
MR＝1+at+bt2
in the formula, a and b are coefficients to be determined obtained by fitting.
For example, for edible fungi, at a hot air temperature of 48 degrees, the optimal drying model is:
MR＝aexp(-ktn)+bt
after fitting by regression analysis, the undetermined coefficients obtained were a 1, b 2.187e-05, k 0.00568, and n 0.9334, respectively.
As a further limiting scheme of the method, in the step 2, the specific steps of calculating the initial water content M0 of the fruits and vegetables are as follows:
step 2.1, arbitrarily setting the initial water content M0 of a certain fruit and vegetable, and making the water content error value during iterative computation be e, the set initial water content M0 be 80% -90%, preferably 90%, and the range of the set water content error value e be 0.1-1.0, preferably 0.1;
step 2.2, acquiring the weight G0 of the fruits and vegetables before drying by using a real-time weighing system, and then acquiring the weight G1 and the weight G2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 in the drying process;
step 2.3, calculating and obtaining the water contents M1 and M2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 by using the optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables, and calculating the initial water content M' 0 as follows:
M’0＝1-A/G0[M1/(1-M1)-M2/(1-M2)]
wherein a ═ G1-G2;
step 2.4, if M0-M ' 0 is larger than e, making M ' 0 be M0, respectively calculating the water content M ' 1 and M ' 2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 by using the optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables, and then entering step 2.5, and if M0-M ' 0 is not more than e, entering step 2.6;
step 2.5, calculating the initial water content M' 0 again as:
M’0＝1-A/G0[M’1/(1-M’1)-M’2/(1-M′2)]
returning to the step 2.4;
and 2.6, making M' 0 be M0 to obtain the real initial water content M0 of the fruit and vegetable.
The real initial moisture content M0 of the fruit and vegetable can be obtained after repeated iterative computation, so that the moisture content of the fruit and vegetable at any moment in the drying process can be obtained by computation under the condition of unknown initial moisture content, and the real-time online measurement of the moisture content of the fruit and vegetable is realized; the error of the real initial moisture content M0 can be adjusted by the set moisture content error value e, so as to be set according to the required precision. .
As a further limiting scheme of the method, in the step 3, the specific steps of calculating the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables are as follows:
step 3.1, setting the initial water content M0 value of the fruit and vegetable product at will, and then setting the final water content Me of the fruit and vegetable according to the drying requirement of the fruit and vegetable product;
step 3.2, calculating to obtain a water ratio MRi at the moment ti by using the optimal drying model of the corresponding fruits and vegetables;
and 3.3, calculating the water content Mi of the fruits and vegetables at the moment ti according to the final water content Me, the initial water content M0 and the water content ratio MRi as follows:
Mi＝MRi(M0-Me)+Me。
as shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a weighing type fruit and vegetable moisture content online detection system, which comprises a drying device, a real-time weighing mechanism and a processing control module for executing the weighing type fruit and vegetable moisture content online detection method;
the real-time weighing mechanism is arranged in a drying chamber 2 of the drying equipment;
the processing control module controls the drying temperature of the drying equipment, so that the drying equipment dries the fruits and vegetables according to the current optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables;
and the processing control module acquires the weighing result of the real-time weighing mechanism in real time and calculates the current water content of the fruits and vegetables in real time according to the weighing result.
As a further limiting scheme of the system, the system also comprises a touch screen electrically connected with the processing control module;
the touch screen is used for inputting the fruit and vegetable type, the drying temperature, the final moisture content Me, the initial moisture content M0 and the moisture content error value e of the current fruit and vegetable to be dried, and the weight and the real-time moisture content of the current fruit and vegetable sent by the real-time display processing control module;
the processing control module is used for searching the optimal drying model of the corresponding type according to the input fruit and vegetable type.
As a further limiting scheme of the system, the real-time weighing mechanism comprises a weighing plate 8, a material trolley 7 and four weight sensors 9; four weight sensors 9 are fixedly arranged at four vertex angles on the lower side surface of the weighing plate 8 and are electrically connected with the processing control module; the material cart 7 is parked on the weighing plate 8 and used for placing fruits and vegetables to be dried.
As a further limiting scheme of the system, the drying equipment comprises an equipment shell 1, a heat pump type system, a circulating fan 3 and a temperature and humidity sensor; two drying chambers 2 are arranged in the equipment shell 1, and the circulating fan 3 is used for circularly supplying heating air flows of the two drying chambers 2; the heat pump type system is positioned on a heating air flow path of the circulating fan 3 and is used for dehumidifying and heating the heating air flow; the temperature and humidity sensor is used for detecting the temperature and the humidity of the heating air flow; the processing control module is respectively electrically connected with the heat pump type system, the circulating fan 3 and the temperature and humidity sensor, and the processing control module controls the heat pump type system and the circulating fan according to the temperature and the humidity.
The invention also provides a weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection system, wherein the processing control module adopts the existing PLC module; the temperature and humidity sensor can be an existing temperature and humidity sensor; the touch screen can be an existing touch screen; the weight sensor 9 can be an existing weight sensor; the heat pump system is formed by communicating an evaporator 4, a compressor 5, a condenser 6 and a thermostatic expansion valve.
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing an optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables according to experimental measurement data of the various fruits and vegetables;
step 2, drying the fruits and vegetables according to the optimal drying model of the corresponding fruits and vegetables, weighing the fruits and vegetables in real time in the drying process, and calculating the initial water content M0 of the fruits and vegetables according to real-time weighing data;
and 3, calculating the real-time water content of the fruits and vegetables according to the optimal drying model, the initial water content M0 and the final water content Me of the fruits and vegetables.
2. The weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of establishing the optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables in the step 1 are as follows:
step 1.1, obtaining a data set of water contents of various fruit and vegetable samples changing along with drying time under the conditions of drying at different hot air temperatures;
step 1.2, selecting various drying models suitable for drying fruits and vegetables, and establishing a model set;
step 1.3, fitting the drying models in the model set by using the data in the data set by adopting a regression analysis method, and determining undetermined coefficients in each drying model so as to obtain a series of drying models of various fruit and vegetable samples at different drying temperatures;
and step 1.4, comparing the obtained series of drying models, and determining the optimal drying model of various fruits and vegetables under the condition of drying at a certain hot air temperature according to the principle that the correlation coefficient is maximum and the root mean square error of the water content is minimum.
3. The weighing type online detection method for the water content of fruits and vegetables according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1.2, the established model set comprises various thin layer drying models.
4. The weighing type online detection method for the water content of fruits and vegetables according to claim 3, wherein in step 1.3, when the selected drying model is fitted by using the data in the data set by adopting a regression analysis method:
firstly, ordering:
MR＝(Mt-Me)/(M0-Me)
in the formula, MR is the water ratio, Mt is the water content of the data set at a time t under a certain hot air temperature drying condition, M0 is the initial water content, and Me is the final water content;
the obtained moisture ratio MR is then assigned to the corresponding thin layer drying model.
5. The weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the specific step of calculating the initial water content M0 of the fruit and vegetable is as follows:
step 2.1, setting the initial water content M0 value of certain fruit and vegetable arbitrarily, and making the water content error value during iterative computation be e;
step 2.2, acquiring the weight G0 of the fruits and vegetables before drying by using a real-time weighing system, and then acquiring the weight G1 and the weight G2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 in the drying process;
step 2.3, calculating and obtaining the water contents M1 and M2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 by using the optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables, and calculating the initial water content M' 0 as follows:
M’0＝1-A/G0[M1/(1-M1)-M2/(1-M2)]
wherein a ═ G1-G2;
step 2.4, if M0-M ' 0 is larger than e, making M ' 0 be M0, respectively calculating the water content M ' 1 and M ' 2 of the fruits and vegetables at the time t1 and the time t2 by using the optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables, and then entering step 2.5, and if M0-M ' 0 is not more than e, entering step 2.6;
step 2.5, calculating the initial water content M' 0 again as:
M’0＝1-A/G0[M’1/(1-M’1)-M’2/(1-M'2)]
returning to the step 2.4;
and 2.6, making M' 0 be M0 to obtain the real initial water content M0 of the fruit and vegetable.
6. The weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the specific steps of calculating the real-time water content of the fruit and vegetable are as follows:
step 3.1, setting the initial water content M0 value of the fruit and vegetable product at will, and then setting the final water content Me of the fruit and vegetable according to the drying requirement of the fruit and vegetable product;
step 3.2, calculating to obtain a water ratio MRi at the moment ti by using the optimal drying model of the corresponding fruits and vegetables;
and 3.3, calculating the water content Mi of the fruits and vegetables at the moment ti according to the final water content Me, the initial water content M0 and the water content ratio MRi as follows:
Mi＝MRi(M0-Me)+Me。
7. the utility model provides a weighing type fruit vegetables moisture content on-line measuring system which characterized in that: the on-line detection method comprises a drying device, a real-time weighing mechanism and a processing control module for executing the on-line detection method of the water content of the weighed fruits and vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
the real-time weighing mechanism is arranged in a drying chamber of the drying equipment;
the processing control module controls the drying temperature of the drying equipment, so that the drying equipment dries the fruits and vegetables according to the current optimal drying model of the fruits and vegetables;
and the processing control module acquires the weighing result of the real-time weighing mechanism in real time and calculates the current water content of the fruits and vegetables in real time according to the weighing result.
8. The weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the touch screen is electrically connected with the processing control module;
the touch screen is used for inputting the fruit and vegetable type, the drying temperature, the final moisture content Me, the initial moisture content M0 and the moisture content error value e of the current fruit and vegetable to be dried, and the weight and the real-time moisture content of the current fruit and vegetable sent by the real-time display processing control module;
the processing control module is used for searching the optimal drying model of the corresponding type according to the input fruit and vegetable type.
9. The weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the real-time weighing mechanism comprises a weighing plate, a material trolley and four weight sensors; the four weight sensors are fixedly arranged at four vertex angles of the lower side surface of the weighing plate and are electrically connected with the processing control module; the material cart is parked on the weighing plate and used for placing fruits and vegetables to be dried.
10. The weighing type fruit and vegetable water content online detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the drying equipment comprises an equipment shell, a heat pump type system, a circulating fan and a temperature and humidity sensor; two drying chambers are arranged in the equipment shell, and the circulating fan is used for circularly supplying heating air flows of the two drying chambers; the heat pump type system is positioned on a heating airflow path of the circulating fan and is used for dehumidifying and heating the heating airflow; the temperature and humidity sensor is used for detecting the temperature and the humidity of the heating air flow; the processing control module is respectively electrically connected with the heat pump type system, the circulating fan and the temperature and humidity sensor, and controls the heat pump type system and the circulating fan according to the temperature and the humidity.
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| CN114894657A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-12 | 江苏电子信息职业学院 | Fruit and vegetable moisture online detection system of heat pump dryer based on drying model |
| CN117647093A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-05 | 安徽农业大学 | Intelligent control method and equipment for water content in tea drying process |
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