CN113607513A - Test block and method capable of rapidly checking low-hardness 91 steel hardness value - Google Patents
Test block and method capable of rapidly checking low-hardness 91 steel hardness value Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test block and a method capable of rapidly checking a low-hardness 91 steel hardness value, wherein the test block is of a cylindrical structure and is formed by mutually embedding 6 fan-shaped test block units with the same material and specification, each fan-shaped test block unit is engraved with a calibration hardness value and is specially manufactured, and the homogeneity of the material, the tissue stability and the uniformity of the test surface hardness are ensured. The structure is reasonable in design, the material, the tissue and the hardness range are matched, and the carrying and the use are convenient; the checking method adopts the principle of 'block comparison and step-by-step checking', has simple principle, clear operation steps and high accuracy of detection results, has the checking effect equivalent to that of a laboratory desk-top hardness tester and a portable Brinell hardness tester, is suitable for various complicated working conditions on site, can help detection personnel to quickly finish detection and checking work, and accurately and effectively evaluates or judges the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hardness detection and check technology of 91-grade steel in the power industry, in particular to a test block and a method capable of quickly checking the hardness value of low-hardness 91 steel.
Background
With the rapid development of the power industry, high-capacity and high-parameter units are put into use, the grade of metal materials is continuously improved, and the 91 steel is widely applied to important metal parts of main steam pipelines, reheating steam pipelines, high-temperature headers and the like of the units. However, in recent years, the problem of low hardness of 91 steel is more and more common in the metal detection process, and certain risks are brought to the safe operation of a unit.
The hardness of the metal material is detected by using the Leeb hardness tester, so that the hardness value of the material can be quickly measured, and meanwhile, the material cannot be damaged, and the method is widely applied to the fields of the power industry and other engineering. However, years of practice and research show that the detection results of the Richter hardness tester and the Brinell hardness tester are deviated to a certain extent due to the working principle of the instrument, the numerical value can reach about 20HB, and the phenomenon is more obvious particularly for 91 steel with low hardness. The deviation caused by the instrument causes that the material cannot be accurately and effectively evaluated and judged, even an error conclusion can be obtained, and great troubles and misleading are brought to detection personnel. Based on the above considerations, the latest standard of the power industry, DL/T438-2016 metal technology supervision of thermal power plant, was purposefully revised compared to 2009 edition, wherein 7.1.5 specifies: when the hardness deviates from the specified value of the standard, the measurement and check are preferably carried out by using a portable Brinell hardness tester. In the next year, standard DL/T1719-.
The portable brinell hardness tester that uses commonly at present mainly has magnetic-type brinell hardness tester, hammer impact formula brinell hardness tester and fluid pressure type brinell hardness tester, but these above-mentioned three kinds of brinell hardness testers all have certain shortcoming and limitation. The magnetic force type Brinell hardness tester requires that a magnetic force loading surface is symmetrical, flat and suitable for loading, and cannot be applied to different parts such as elbows, tees, large heads and small heads; hammer brinell hardnesses require the necessary hammer space and direction, limited space and bottom area are not available; the hydraulic Brinell hardness tester is large and heavy, and is not suitable for complex working condition scenes on site. Limited by the factors, when the actual detection working condition on site cannot meet the working requirement of the equipment, the hardness check of the low-hardness 91 steel is incomparable, and the damage sampling is just the final choice.
Meanwhile, in the research on the performance and the structure of the low-hardness 91 steel, the problem that the hardness of the 91 steel is low is mainly related to the improper heat treatment process in the production, processing or welding process of the steel, and at present, various samples with consistent structures and equivalent hardness values can be obtained by simulating various heat treatment processes in a laboratory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a novel test block with reasonable design, same material, consistent tissue and matched hardness range, and also provides a hardness checking method which is suitable for rapidly realizing low-hardness 91 steel on site.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: the utility model provides a can realize fast test block that low rigidity 91 steel hardness number checked, its characterized in that, the test block is the cylinder structure, and by 6 materials, the same quadrant test block unit of specification gomphosis is constituteed each other, and every quadrant test block unit is carved with the calibration hardness number, and should make specially, guarantees the homogeneity of material, tissue stability and the homogeneity of test surface hardness.
Further, the overall specification of the test block is phi 90 × 55mm, the radius of each sector test block unit is 45mm, the height is 55mm, and the central angle is 60 °, wherein the length error is allowed to be +/-1 mm, and the central angle error is allowed to be +/-1 °.
Furthermore, the material of each sector test block unit is P91, different hardness values are obtained through different heat treatment processes, and the patterns are carved on the surface of the test block after being calibrated in a laboratory, the hardness calibration values of each sector test block unit are respectively distributed in the ranges of 130 HB being more than or equal to or less than 140, 140 HB being more than or equal to or less than 150 HB being more than or equal to or less than 160, 160 HB being more than or equal to or less than 170, 170 HB being more than or equal to or less than 180 and 180 being more than or equal to or less than 190, and the adjacent two value deviations are more than or equal to 5HB, so that the range of the low hardness value interval of 91 steel is ensured to be covered.
The checking method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the test is correctly set up with a Leeb hardness tester according to the relevant standard requirements and instructions for use.
Step 2: the test specimens were impacted 5 times and the arithmetic mean of the 5 data was taken and reported as the test value HLB 0.
And step 3: and selecting a check test block according to the test value HLB0 of the impact sample, wherein the calibration hardness value of the test block is recorded as HB1, and HB1 and HLB0 are in the same hardness range.
And 4, step 4: and impacting the selected check test block for 5 times, and taking an arithmetic mean value of the 5 times of data, and recording the result as a check value HLB 1.
And 5: according to the formula Delta H1＝HB1-HLB1Calculating the deviation Delta H between the calibration value and the check value1。
Step 6: according to the formula HLB ═ HLB0+△H1And (3) calculating the hardness value HLB of the impact sample after the first check, and preliminarily confirming the range of the distribution range of the real hardness value of the sample.
And 7: repeating the step 3-6, reselecting the check test block, and recording the calibration hardness value of the test block as HB2，HB2The hardness and HLB should be in the same range of hardness range; second selected check with same impactTest block, impact 5 times, and take arithmetic mean value of 5 times data, record as check value HLB2According to the formula Δ H2＝HB2-HLB2Calculating to obtain hardness checking deviation delta H2(ii) a According to the formula HLB ═ HLB +. DELTA.H2Calculating to obtain the hardness value HLB' after the second check according to the Delta H2Is used to determine whether a third check is to be made, where Δ H is specified2Not more than 5HB, no need of third check, the hardness value HLB' after second check can be used as final detection result, if delta H2If the standard deviation is more than 5HB, a third check is needed, and the steps are repeated.
And 8: checking the sum of the deviations (Delta H) according to the two times1+△H2+ … …), the hardness meter is adjusted correspondingly (increased or decreased) in combination with the adjustment function (if any) of the instrument, the instrument after adjustment can be directly used for impact measurement with the hardness range matched, and the measured value can be used as the final detection result.
Furthermore, the checking method is suitable for hardness detection of 91 steel by applying a Leeb hardness tester, and the hardness detection range is 130-190 HB.
The chamfer angle of the edge of the test block is 1 multiplied by 45 degrees, the flatness of the test surface and the supporting surface is less than or equal to 0.02mm, the parallelism of the test surface and the supporting surface is less than or equal to 0.03mm/50mm, and the roughness Ra of the test surface is less than or equal to 0.05 mu m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention can realize that the standard test block matched with the material and hardness range of the sample to be impacted is quickly selected on site to check the instrument, thereby reducing the deviation of the instrument; the checking method adopts the principle of 'block comparison and step-by-step checking', has simple principle, clear steps and high accuracy, has the checking effect equivalent to that of a laboratory desk-top hardness tester and a portable Brinell hardness tester, can meet various complicated and limited working conditions on site, does not need to pass through the portable Brinell hardness tester or even destroy the sampling means, can quickly finish the checking work of hardness values by using the portable Brinell hardness tester, and can meet the actual detection requirement on site.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a check block in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a Leeb hardness tester impact test in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the results of the test conducted by the method of the example of the present invention with the results of the test conducted by a laboratory bench scale hardness tester and a portable Brinell hardness tester.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples are given.
Referring to fig. 1, the test block capable of rapidly checking the low-hardness 91 steel hardness value in the embodiment includes a test block whole, sector test block units 1-6 and an embossing area; the overall appearance of the test block is of a cylindrical structure and is formed by mutually embedding 6 fan-shaped test block units 1-6 which are made of 6 materials and have the same specification.
In the embodiment, the overall specification of the test block is phi 90 × 55mm, the radii of the sector test block units 1-6 are 45mm, the height is 55mm, the central angle is 60 degrees, wherein the length error is allowed to be +/-1 mm, and the central angle error is allowed to be +/-1 degree.
In the embodiment, the material grades of the sector test block units 1-6 are P91, different hardness values are obtained in different heat treatment processes in a laboratory, the calibration values are 138HB, 146HB, 155HB, 166HB, 175HB and 188HB after laboratory calibration, the values are sequentially distributed in the ranges of HB being equal to or larger than 130 and less than 140, HB being equal to or larger than 140 and less than 150, HB being equal to or larger than 150 and less than 160, HB being equal to or larger than 160 and less than 170, HB being equal to or larger than 170 and less than 180 and equal to or smaller than 190, and the adjacent two value deviations are equal to or larger than 5HB and cover the range of the low hardness value interval of 91 steel.
In this example, to demonstrate the implementation of the calibration method, the portable richter hardness tester selects the american GR brand HT-2000A type, and the sample to be impacted is a low hardness 91 steel pipe.
Referring to fig. 2, the checking method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the test is correctly set up with a Leeb hardness tester according to the relevant standard requirements and instructions for use.
Step 2: the test sample is impacted 5 times, and the arithmetic mean value is taken for 5 times of data to obtain the test value HLB0＝164HB。
And step 3: because 164HB is in the hardness range of 160-170 HB, the checking test block 4 is selected, and the calibration hardness value HB of the test block 41＝166HB。
And 4, step 4: impacting the selected checking test block for 5 times, and taking the arithmetic mean value of the 5 times of data to obtain the checking value HLB1＝152HB。
And 5: according to the formula Delta H1＝HB1-HLB1Calculating the deviation Delta H between the calibration value and the check value1＝14HB。
Step 6: according to the formula HLB ═ HLB0+△H1The hardness value HLB of the impact specimen after the first calibration was calculated to be 178 HB.
And 7: repeating the steps 3-6, selecting the checking test block 5 because 178HB is within the hardness range of 170-180 HB, and selecting the calibration hardness HB of the test block 52175 HB; the check test block is impacted for 5 times, and the arithmetic mean value is taken for 5 times of data to obtain the check value HLB2173 HB; according to the formula Delta H2＝HB2-HLB2Calculating to obtain hardness checking deviation delta H22HB < 5 HB; according to the formula HLB ═ HLB +. DELTA.H2And calculating to obtain a hardness value HLB 'after the second check, which is 180HB, and taking the hardness value HLB' as a final detection result.
And 8: checking the sum of the deviations (Delta H) according to the two times1+△H216HB), the richter hardness meter can be adjusted upwards by 16, the adjusted instrument can be directly used for impact measurement with the hardness range of 160 less than or equal to HB less than 170, and the measured value can be used as a final detection result.
In order to verify the accuracy of the method, a laboratory bench type Brinell hardness tester and a portable Brinell hardness tester are used for carrying out comparison tests on samples with different low hardness, the comparison result is shown in figure 3, the results show that the detection results of the three methods are consistent, and the accuracy of the method can completely meet the requirements of field work.
In conclusion, the test block and the low-hardness 91 steel are matched with each other in terms of material, structure and hardness range; the rapid checking of the low-hardness 91 steel can be realized in a test block checking mode, and the checking effect is equivalent to that of a laboratory bench hardness tester and a portable Brinell hardness tester; the device is suitable for various complicated and limited working conditions on site, can help detection personnel to quickly complete detection work, and accurately and effectively evaluate or judge the material.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A test block capable of rapidly checking a low-hardness 91 steel hardness value is characterized in that the test block is of a cylindrical structure and is formed by mutually embedding 6 fan-shaped test block units with the same material and specification, a calibration hardness value is engraved on each fan-shaped test block unit, and the manufacturing process ensures the homogeneity of the material, the tissue stability and the uniformity of the hardness of a test surface;
the overall specification of the test block is phi 90 x 55mm, the radius of each sector test block unit is 45mm, the height is 55mm, and the central angle is 60 degrees, wherein the length error is +/-1 mm, and the central angle error is +/-1 degree;
the material of each sector test block unit is P91, different hardness values are obtained through different heat treatment processes, the grains are carved on the surface of the test block after being calibrated in a laboratory, the hardness calibration values of the 6 sector test block units are respectively distributed in the ranges of 130 HB being more than or equal to 140, 140 HB being more than or equal to 150, 150 HB being more than or equal to 160, 160 HB being more than or equal to 170, 170 HB being more than or equal to 180 and 180HB being more than or equal to 190, and the adjacent two value deviation is more than or equal to 5HB, so that the range of the low hardness value interval of 91 steel is covered.
2. A method for rapidly checking a low-hardness 91 steel hardness value is characterized in that the test block of claim 1 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting a Leeb hardness tester for the test according to relevant standard requirements and an instruction;
step 2: impacting the test sample for 5 times, and taking an arithmetic mean value of 5 times of data, and recording the arithmetic mean value as a test value HLB 0;
and step 3: selecting a check test block according to the test value HLB0 of the impact sample, recording the calibration hardness value of the test block as HB1, and enabling the HB1 and the HLB0 to be in the same hardness range;
and 4, step 4: impacting the selected checking test block for 5 times, and taking an arithmetic mean value of the data of 5 times and recording as a checking value HLB 1;
and 5: according to the formula Delta H1＝HB1-HLB1Calculating the deviation Delta H between the calibration value and the check value1；
Step 6: according to the formula HLB ═ HLB0+△H1Calculating the hardness value HLB of the impact sample after the first check, and preliminarily determining the range of the distribution of the real hardness value of the sample;
and 7: repeating the step 3-6, reselecting the check test block, and recording the calibration hardness value of the test block as HB2，HB2The hardness and HLB are in the same range of hardness interval; similarly, the second selected check test block is impacted for 5 times, and the arithmetic mean value of the 5 times of data is recorded as the check value HLB2According to the formula Δ H2＝HB2-HLB2Calculating to obtain hardness checking deviation delta H2(ii) a According to the formula HLB ═ HLB +. DELTA.H2Calculating to obtain the hardness value HLB' after the second check according to the Delta H2Is used to determine whether to perform a third check if Δ H2Not more than 5HB, not performing third check, and the hardness value HLB' after the second check can be used as the final detection result if Delta H2If the standard deviation is more than 5HB, carrying out third check and repeating the steps;
and 8: checking the sum of the deviation Delta H according to the two times1+△H2+ … … adjustment function of instrument for hardness of RichterThe gauge is calibrated accordingly, the calibrated instrument is directly used for impact measurement with hardness range matching, and the measured value is used as the final detection result.
3. The method for rapidly checking the hardness value of the low-hardness 91 steel according to claim 2 is suitable for hardness detection of the 91 steel by a Leeb hardness tester, and the hardness detection range is 130 HB to 190 HB.
4. The method for rapidly checking the hardness value of the low-hardness 91 steel according to claim 2, wherein the chamfer angle of the edge of the test block is 1 x 45 degrees, the flatness between the test surface and the supporting surface is less than or equal to 0.02mm, the parallelism between the test surface and the supporting surface is less than or equal to 0.03mm/50mm, and the roughness Ra of the test surface is less than or equal to 0.05 μm.
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