CN113605124A - Method for extracting high-purity cellulose material by using ionic liquid - Google Patents

Method for extracting high-purity cellulose material by using ionic liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113605124A
CN113605124A CN202110901607.7A CN202110901607A CN113605124A CN 113605124 A CN113605124 A CN 113605124A CN 202110901607 A CN202110901607 A CN 202110901607A CN 113605124 A CN113605124 A CN 113605124A
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cellulose
ionic liquid
extracting
cellulose material
lignin
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李玉光
王姝琳
杨继明
沈磊
郭凯
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Nanjing Advanced Biomaterials And Process Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
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Nanjing Advanced Biomaterials And Process Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21CPRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting a high-purity cellulose material by using ionic liquid. Compared with pure ionic liquid, the method has the characteristics that the dissolving temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of lignin, the high temperature can destroy a lignin-hemicellulose complex to promote the dissolution of plants, and the L-arginine can inhibit the degradation of cellulose at the high temperature. Thereby greatly improving the separation efficiency of the ionic liquid for extracting the cellulose. The cellulose obtained by the method provided by the invention can be used for preparing various cellulose composite materials with high additional value and various chemicals.

Description

Method for extracting high-purity cellulose material by using ionic liquid
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cellulose extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting a high-purity cellulose material by using an ionic liquid.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, has rich straw resources as main crops, has the yield of about 2 hundred million tons of corn straws, and keeps the rapidly growing situation. In recent years, the utilization of straw resources is gradually paid attention to the society, the comprehensive utilization rate of the straw is over 80%, but the problems of overhigh utilization cost, unreasonable utilization structure, short industrial chain and the like also occur, a large amount of straw is discarded and incinerated, the resources are wasted, and the environmental pollution is caused.
Cellulose is the most abundant biomass resource on earth, mainly obtained from plants such as cotton, wood, etc., and can be used for manufacturing various materials and products including fine chemicals, such as wood, textiles, paper, etc., most commonly. Nowadays, with the development of technology and the improvement of living standard of people, more and more petrochemical products are used in the life and production of human beings, but the products can generate a series of pollutants during the production process and after the products reach the service life, and the ecological environment is seriously damaged. The corn stalks contain a large amount of cellulose, are green biomass resources, have high utilization value, and can reduce the consumption of chemical and petroleum raw materials and promote the sustainable development of the society by extracting the cellulose from the corn stalks to replace part of chemical products. But the extraction and separation efficiency of cellulose is not high due to the complex components of the corn straws. Therefore, the extraction conditions of the cellulose in the corn stalks need to be researched to improve the utilization rate of the cellulose.
Cellulose extraction processes can be divided into physical and chemical treatments, depending on the nature of the method used. The physical treatment method mainly comprises a mechanical crushing method, a high-temperature decomposition method, an ultrasonic treatment method and the like, and the contact area of the lignocellulosic raw material and a chemical reagent is increased by changing the physical structure of the lignocellulosic raw material, so that the separation of cellulose and other components is promoted.
Mechanical comminution is one of the most common processes, which primarily changes the physical structure and particle size of lignocellulosic feedstocks by grinding, shearing, and pulverizing, thereby increasing the specific surface area, reducing the crystallinity of the cellulose, and increasing the accessibility of chemical agents or enzymes to the feedstock. Although the mechanical crushing method improves the reaction activity of the cellulose material, the energy consumption is high, the cost is high, and the application prospect is not good.
The pyrolysis method is a method in which a lignocellulosic material is treated at a high temperature of 300 ℃ or higher, and cellulose contained therein is rapidly decomposed into gas and char-like residue. During pyrolysis, the addition of oxygen significantly accelerates the rate of decomposition. However, the pyrolysis method requires high temperature as a reaction condition, which is high in energy consumption, and also requires a certain amount of volatile acidic substances to participate in the reaction, and these acidic substances are not easy to treat and difficult to recycle.
The ultrasonic treatment method is to treat the materials by using sound waves with frequency higher than 20000 Hz. The research shows that the ultrasonic waves can open a cellulose crystallization area, destroy lignin macromolecules and loose wood fiber structures, so that the ultra-micro structure and the morphological structure of wood pulp fiber are obviously changed, and the accessibility of cellulase to wood fiber raw materials is effectively improved due to the changes.
The physical method has the advantages of simplicity, easy implementation and high energy consumption and cost, and is the main disadvantage of the method.
Chemical treatment refers to a process in which lignocellulosic feedstock is treated with some chemical agent, such as an acid, base, oxidant, and the like. Lignin and hemicellulose are dissolved or degraded by breaking the crystalline structure of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The chemical treatment method includes an alkali treatment method, an acid treatment method and an organic solvent treatment method.
The alkaline treatment is by OH-Saponifying ester bonds between hemicellulose and lignin, weakening hydrogen bonds between hemicellulose and cellulose, increasing internal surface area, and reducing crystallinity and polymerization degree, so as to destroy lignin structure. Common alkali treatment chemicals are sodium hydroxide, ammonia, lime, and the like. The alkaline treatment separation method is mainly used in the paper industry, and the alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment method is a method which is researched more at present. However, a large amount of waste liquid is generated in the production process of the alkali treatment method, and the recovery cost is too high, so that the environmental pollution is easily caused. The common acid used in the acidolysis method is sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and the cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass raw material are hydrolyzed into monosaccharide mainly through the acid solution. Inorganic acids have been widely studied for their versatility, efficiency, and economic viability. The acid pretreatment process has the advantages of short raw material treatment time and easy realization of industrial production. The disadvantage is in the treatment processThe sugar produced in the process may be decomposed and the waste liquid may be difficult to post-treat. The organic solvent method is to remove lignin and improve the conversion rate of cellulose by developing solvent systems, such as viscose solvent and cuprammonium solution, paraformaldehyde/dimethyl sulfoxide, ammonium thiocyanate/liquid ammonia, etc. However, the traditional solvent systems have the problems of unstable solution, high toxicity, environmental pollution, difficult recovery, complex dissolving process, poor product performance, high related cost and the like. The ionic liquid is molten salt which consists of organic cation and inorganic or organic anion and is liquid at room temperature or near room temperature. The ionic liquid has unique excellent properties, such as low vapor pressure, non-volatility, non-flammability, large hot melt, good thermal stability, strong dissolving capacity and the like. It is a novel green solvent and plays a great role in dissolving cellulose.
The existing solvent has the defects of poor stability, toxicity, difficult recovery and the like, and causes difficulty in processing and utilizing cellulose. The appearance of ionic liquids provides an environmentally friendly, biodegradable solvent system for the dissolution of cellulose. When the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature of lignin, the ionic liquid's ability to dissolve lignocellulose is enhanced, but the cellulose is severely degraded.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for extracting high-purity cellulose material by using ionic liquid, which can be used for inhibiting the degradation of cellulose at the temperature exceeding the glass transition temperature of lignin by introducing an auxiliary agent, so as to realize the extraction of the cellulose in straws at high temperature with higher yield and purity.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting cellulose material by using ionic liquid comprises extracting cellulose from plants by using L-arginine as an auxiliary agent and using the ionic liquid as a solvent.
Preferably, the structural formula of the ionic liquid is as follows:
Figure BDA0003199969740000031
wherein, the substituent group R1Position is methyl, R2In the position of alkyl or alkenyl, X-Selected from Cl-、Br-Or I-
Preferably, the ionic liquid is selected from [ Bmim ] Cl, [ Amim ] Cl, [ Emim ] Cl, [ Amim ] Br, and the like.
Preferably, the plant is selected from crop straw, wood, husk, and the like.
Preferably, the temperature of the extraction is 150-.
Preferably, the extraction time is 0.25-9.0 h.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the L-arginine is 2.5-7.5% of the mass of the ionic liquid.
The specific method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: straw is used as a raw material, L-arginine is used as an auxiliary agent, and ionic liquid is used as a solvent. Firstly, mixing L-arginine and ionic liquid into a binary system. And dissolving straws by using the mixed system, adding a proper amount of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), centrifuging, taking supernate, adding an excessive acetone aqueous solution, stirring, centrifugally separating a product, and drying deposited carbohydrate in a freeze dryer to obtain a regenerated cellulose material.
In the method, L-arginine is used as an auxiliary agent, so that lignin-hemicellulose complexes around cellulose can be damaged, the degradation of the cellulose is inhibited, the dissolution of straws in ionic liquid is promoted, and the extraction efficiency of the cellulose is improved.
Has the advantages that: compared with pure ionic liquid, the method has the characteristics that the dissolving temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of lignin, the high temperature can destroy a lignin-hemicellulose complex to promote the dissolution of plants, and the L-arginine can inhibit the degradation of cellulose at the high temperature. Thereby greatly improving the separation efficiency of the ionic liquid for extracting the cellulose. The cellulose obtained by the method provided by the invention can be used for preparing various cellulose composite materials with high additional value and various chemicals.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
In the following examples:
the extraction rate of cellulose is calculated according to formula (1):
cellulose extraction rate R ═ W1/W0*100% (1)
Wherein R is the cellulose extraction rate, W0Is the initial mass of cellulose in the straw, W1Is the mass of the extracted cellulose.
Example 1
0.3g of corn stover, 2.5% L-arginine, 6g of [ Bmim ] Cl were added to a three-necked flask. The reaction was stopped after 1h of reaction with heating to 150 ℃ in an oil bath. Adding 7.5mL of DMSO into the solution for dilution, centrifuging, taking supernatant, adding 60mL of acetone aqueous solution (1:1), stirring, centrifuging the product, drying the carbohydrate deposited at the bottom in a freeze dryer to obtain a regenerated substance, performing infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization on the regenerated substance, and analyzing the cellulose content by HPLC. The cellulose yield was 36.91% with a purity of 73.97%.
Example 2
0.3g of corn stover, 2.5% L-arginine, 6g of [ Bmim ] Cl were added to a three-necked flask. The reaction was stopped after 9.00h of reaction with heating to 150 ℃ in an oil bath. Adding 7.5mL of DMSO into the solution for dilution, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 60mL of acetone aqueous solution (1:1), stirring, centrifuging, drying the carbohydrate deposited at the bottom in a freeze dryer, performing infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization, and analyzing the cellulose content by HPLC. The cellulose yield was 82.12% with a purity of 84.54%.
Example 3
0.3g of corn stover, 7.5% L-arginine, 6g of [ Bmim ] Cl were added to a three-necked flask. The reaction was stopped after 0.25h of reaction with heating to 190 ℃ in an oil bath. Adding 7.5mL of DMSO into the solution for dilution, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 60mL of acetone aqueous solution (1:1), stirring, centrifuging, drying the carbohydrate deposited at the bottom in a freeze dryer, performing infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization, and analyzing the cellulose content by HPLC. The cellulose yield was 82.43% with a purity of 80.47%.
Comparative example
0.3g of corn stover, 0.0% L-arginine, 6g of [ Bmim ] Cl were added to a three-necked flask. The reaction was stopped after 9.00h of reaction with heating to 150 ℃ in an oil bath. Adding 7.5mL of DMSO into the solution for dilution, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 60mL of acetone aqueous solution (1:1), stirring, centrifuging, drying the carbohydrate deposited at the bottom in a freeze dryer, performing infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization, and analyzing the cellulose content by HPLC. The cellulose yield was 26.05% with a purity of 70.15%.
While the invention has been described with respect to a number of specific embodiments and methods, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.

Claims (7)

1. A method for extracting cellulose material by using ionic liquid is characterized by taking L-arginine as an auxiliary agent and taking the ionic liquid as a solvent to extract cellulose from plants.
2. The method for extracting a cellulose material using an ionic liquid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid has a structural formula as follows:
Figure FDA0003199969730000011
wherein, the substituent group R1Position is methyl, R2In the position of alkyl or alkenyl, X-Selected from Cl-、Br-Or I-
3. The method for extracting cellulosic material with ionic liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the ionic liquid is selected from [ Bmim ] Cl, [ Amim ] Cl, [ Emim ] Cl, [ Amim ] Br and the like.
4. The method for extracting cellulose material using ionic liquid as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plant is selected from crop straw, wood, husk, etc.
5. The method for extracting cellulose material using ionic liquid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extraction is 150-190 ℃.
6. The method for extracting a cellulose material using an ionic liquid according to claim 1, wherein the time of extraction is 0.25 to 9.0 h.
7. The method for extracting cellulose material using ionic liquid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of L-arginine is 2.5% -7.5% of the mass of ionic liquid.
CN202110901607.7A 2021-08-06 2021-08-06 Method for extracting high-purity cellulose material by using ionic liquid Pending CN113605124A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106702802A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-24 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Method for extracting high-purity cellulose from stalks in ionic liquid-sulfamic acid binary system
CN109851679A (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-06-07 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of arrest method degraded when cellulose dissolution in ion liquid system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106702802A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-24 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Method for extracting high-purity cellulose from stalks in ionic liquid-sulfamic acid binary system
CN109851679A (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-06-07 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of arrest method degraded when cellulose dissolution in ion liquid system

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Application publication date: 20211105