CN113604663A - Method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting - Google Patents
Method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
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Abstract
A method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting comprises the following steps: (1) respectively crushing the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource, lime and coal, and mixing with soda ash for grinding; (2) pelletizing, preheating and drying; (3) reduction roasting; (4) roasting at a high temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, and then cooling in a nitrogen atmosphere; (5) adding alkali liquor for wet milling and leaching; (6) liquid-solid separation; (7) washing the leached slag to prepare ore pulp, and carrying out magnetic separation. The method can efficiently treat the iron-aluminum paragenic ore and the high-iron red mud, the alkali blending amount, the lime blending amount and the tailing amount are greatly reduced compared with those of the traditional sintering method, the valuable elements of iron and aluminum are efficiently separated, the recovery rate of iron and aluminum is high, and the content of aluminum oxide in iron ore concentrate is below 3 percent; the tailings are subjected to hydrothermal conversion to obtain the calcium silicate powder material which can be widely used as building, heat-insulating and finishing materials and has a loose porous structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting.
Background
The iron-aluminum separation technology aiming at iron-aluminum symbiotic resources can be roughly divided into three basic methods of 'first selection and then smelting', 'first aluminum and then iron' and 'first iron and then aluminum'. Firstly, separation of iron and aluminum ore phases is completed by adopting a beneficiation method and then metallurgical method, and then iron and aluminum are respectively extracted from iron and aluminum ores by adopting a metallurgical method; because the iron-aluminum minerals are associated in symbiosis, the structure is complex, the dissociation performance is extremely poor, and the ideal iron-aluminum ore dressing separation effect is difficult to obtain. Firstly, extracting aluminum oxide from aluminum and then iron by a Bayer process, and dealkalizing and extracting iron from the generated high-iron red mud; the method is technically feasible, but has the problems of low aluminum recovery rate, difficult sodium removal in red mud ironmaking and the like. Firstly, iron and then aluminum are firstly extracted by adopting a reduction roasting or reduction smelting method, and the generated tailings are extracted to obtain aluminum oxide, and the method can be divided into two categories according to the difference of the obtained iron products: the first type is a melting reduction iron extraction-calcium aluminate slag aluminum extraction technology, namely, melting reduction is carried out at the high temperature of 1450-1600 ℃ by adding a large amount of lime, mineral conditions for generating calcium aluminate slag are constructed while molten iron is obtained, and the calcium aluminate slag obtained after the molten iron is separated is further subjected to alkaline extraction of aluminum oxide in the calcium aluminate slag; the second kind is reduction roasting iron-separating tailing aluminium-extracting technology, i.e. magnetic roasting or direct reduction is carried out at lower temperature, iron concentrate or coarse iron powder is obtained through magnetic separation, and then the acid method or alkaline method is adopted to extract aluminium oxide from the tailings of magnetic separation. Although the first technology can realize the effective separation of iron and aluminum, a large amount of lime needs to be added, a large amount of aluminum extraction tailings is generated, and the popularization and application of the aluminum extraction tailings are limited due to the large amount of calcium and slag; by adopting the second technology, the recovery rate of iron is low, the content of aluminum oxide in the iron product is still high and usually reaches more than 6-10%, the requirement of blast furnace iron extraction cannot be met, the further application of the iron product is limited, and the subsequent tailing aluminum extraction process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting, namely, the generation and enrichment of a magnetoferrite phase are completed through low-temperature reduction roasting, then the precise regulation and control of an aluminite phase and a silicalite phase are completed through high-temperature roasting, the recovery rate of iron and aluminum is improved on the basis of reducing the calcium content and the slag content, and the content of aluminum oxide in an iron product is effectively reduced.
The method of the invention is carried out according to the following steps:
1. respectively crushing the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource, lime and coal, mixing with soda ash, and grinding to obtain mixed powder;
2. preparing the mixed powder into pellets, preheating, drying and removing water to prepare preheated pellets;
3. reducing and roasting the preheated pellets to prepare roasted pellets;
4. heating the roasted pellets to 1000-1200 ℃, then roasting at high temperature, and heating coal in the roasted pellets to react to form a reducing atmosphere during high-temperature roasting; after the high-temperature roasting and sintering, cooling to 100-200 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere to prepare roasted clinker;
5. adding the roasted clinker into alkali liquor to carry out wet-milling leaching to obtain leached slurry;
6. carrying out liquid-solid separation on the leached slurry to obtain a liquid phase of a sodium aluminate solution and a solid phase of leached slag;
7. washing the leached slag with water, adding water to prepare ore pulp, and then carrying out magnetic separation to obtain magnetic product iron ore concentrate and nonmagnetic product tailings.
In the step 1, the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is iron-aluminum symbiotic ore or Bayer process high-iron red mud containing Al according to mass percentage2O315～30％，Fe2O3 30～60％，SiO2 5～25％。
In the step 1, when the iron-aluminum co-resource is Bayer process high-iron red mud, Na is contained according to mass fraction2O 2～12％。
In the step 1, the part with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.074mm in the ground mixed powder accounts for more than or equal to 85 percent of the total mass.
In the step 1, the mol ratio of CaO (SiO) in the mixed powder is2+TiO2) 0.8 to 1, and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.7-0.9% of C and Fe in coal powder2O3The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 6-9; wherein Na in soda ash2CO3Converted to Na2O。
In the step 1, a ball mill or a rod mill is used for grinding.
In the step 1, the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource, the lime and the coal are crushed until the particle size is less than or equal to 2 cm.
In the step 2, the pellets are prepared by adopting a ball press or a pelletizer under the condition of adding water, and the amount of the water is 20-30% of the mass of the mixed powder.
In the step 2, the particle size of the pellets is 1-3 cm.
In the step 3, the tail gas generated by the reduction roasting is returned to the step 2 to be used as a heat source to preheat and dry the pellets.
In the step 3, the temperature of the reduction roasting is 400-600 ℃, and the time is 0.5-4 h.
In the step 3, the reduction roasting adopts a chain grate, a tunnel kiln, a suspension roasting furnace or a rotary kiln.
In the step 4, the high-temperature roasting time is 0.5-2 hours.
In the step 4, the high-temperature roasting adopts a rotary kiln.
In the step 4, a cooling machine is used for cooling.
In the step 4, the tail gas generated by the high-temperature roasting is returned to the step 2 to be used as a heat source to preheat and dry the pellets.
In the step 4, the main components of the roasting clinker are sodium aluminate, sodium calcium silicate, calcium titanate and magnetic iron.
In the step 5, the alkali liquor is a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 40-80 g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 300-500 g/L according to the liquid-solid ratio.
In the step 5, a ball mill is adopted for wet-milling leaching, the temperature of the wet-milling leaching is 60-80 ℃, and the time is 5-30 min.
In the step 6, a settling tank, a filter or a filter press is used for solid-liquid separation.
In the step 6, the sodium aluminate solution is directly combined with the Bayer process to produce aluminum hydroxide by utilizing seed crystal decomposition, or carbon dioxide is introduced to carry out carbonation decomposition to produce aluminum hydroxide, or industrial sodium aluminate is obtained by directly carrying out evaporative crystallization.
In the step 7, the washing solution is washed until the pH value of the washing solution is less than or equal to 9.
In the step 7, the mass concentration of the ore pulp is 20-50%.
In the step 7, the magnetic separation is one or more times of magnetic separation, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 150-250 kA/m.
In the step 7, the iron ore concentrate contains 55-65% of iron grade TFe, 30-40% of Fe and Al according to mass percentage2O3≤3％。
In the step 7, the main component of the tailings is calcium sodium silicate, calcium silicate powder is prepared through hydrothermal conversion, and sodium oxide is synchronously recovered.
In the method, the recovery rate of Fe of the iron ore concentrate is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the recovery rate of Al of the sodium aluminate solution is more than or equal to 85 percent.
In the method, Na is added when the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is Bayer process high-iron red mud2The recovery rate of O is more than or equal to 95 percent.
The method converts all iron oxides in the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource into magnetic iron through the reduction roasting process, and finishes the aggregation and growth of the magnetic iron in the reduction roasting process, thereby providing a good mineral phase foundation for iron-aluminum separation; during the high-temperature roasting process, all the alumina ore phases are converted into sodium aluminate which is easy to leach under normal pressure while further reducing iron, wherein alkali does not need to be added to the iron oxide, so that the alkali addition is greatly reduced, and the lime addition and the tailing amount are greatly reduced by nearly 50% compared with the traditional sintering method; valuable iron and aluminum elements in the iron and aluminum symbiotic resources are efficiently separated, and the content of aluminum oxide in the obtained iron ore concentrate is below 3%; the magnetic separation tailings are subjected to hydrothermal conversion to obtain the calcium silicate powder material which can be widely used as building, heat-insulating and finishing materials and has a loose porous structure, and no solid waste is discharged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting.
Detailed Description
The lime, the soda ash and the coal dust adopted in the embodiment of the invention are commercial industrial products.
In the embodiment of the invention, the reduction roasting adopts a chain grate, a tunnel kiln, a suspension roasting furnace or a rotary kiln.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature roasting adopts a rotary kiln.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sodium aluminate solution is directly combined with the Bayer process to produce aluminum hydroxide by using crystal seed decomposition, or carbon dioxide is introduced to carry out carbonation decomposition to produce aluminum hydroxide, or industrial sodium aluminate is obtained by directly carrying out evaporation crystallization.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main component of the tailings is calcium sodium silicate, calcium silicate powder is prepared through hot water conversion, and sodium oxide is synchronously recovered.
In the embodiment of the invention, a ball mill or a rod mill is adopted for grinding.
In the embodiment of the invention, tail gas generated by reduction roasting is returned to the step 2 to be used as a heat source to preheat and dry the pellets.
In the embodiment of the invention, a cooler is used for cooling.
In the embodiment of the invention, a settling tank, a filter or a filter press is adopted for solid-liquid separation.
The pellets produced in the embodiment of the invention are formed by a ball press or a pelletizer.
The particle size of the pellets in the embodiment of the invention is 1-3 cm.
Example 1
The flow is shown in figure 1;
the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is Bayer process high-iron red mud produced by processing Guangxi diaspore ore and contains Al according to mass percentage2O317.59％，Fe2O3 37.51％，SiO2 10.92％，Na2O 5.41％，CaO 14.92％，TiO2 5.76％；
Respectively crushing iron-aluminum symbiotic resources, lime and coal to the particle size of less than or equal to 2cm, mixing the crushed materials with sodium carbonate, and grinding the mixed materials to prepare mixed powder; the part with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.074mm in the mixed powder accounts for 85 percent of the total mass; the mol ratio of CaO in the mixed powder is:
(SiO2+TiO2)1 and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.7 of C and Fe in coal powder2O3Is 6;
adding water into the mixed powder to prepare pellets, wherein the using amount of the water is 20% of the mass of the mixed powder; then preheating and drying to remove water, and preparing preheated pellets;
reducing and roasting the preheated pellets at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 4 hours to prepare roasted pellets;
heating the roasted pellets to 1000 ℃, then roasting at high temperature for 2h, and heating coal in the roasted pellets to react to form a reducing atmosphere during high-temperature roasting; after the high-temperature roasting and sintering, cooling to 200 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere to prepare roasting clinker; tail gas generated by high-temperature roasting returns to the preheating and drying step and is used as a heat source to preheat and dry the pellets; the main components of the roasting clinker are sodium aluminate, sodium calcium silicate, calcium titanate and magnetic iron;
adding the roasted clinker into alkali liquor, carrying out wet-milling leaching by using a ball mill, mixing the roasted clinker with the alkali liquor at a temperature, and controlling the temperature of the wet-milling leaching to be between 60 and 80 ℃ for 30min to obtain a leaching slurry; wherein the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 40g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 500g/L according to the liquid-solid ratio;
carrying out liquid-solid separation on the leached slurry to obtain a liquid phase of a sodium aluminate solution and a solid phase of leached slag;
washing the leached slag with water until the pH value of washing liquor is less than or equal to 9, adding water to prepare ore pulp with the mass concentration of 20%, and then carrying out magnetic separation with the magnetic field intensity of 250kA/m to obtain magnetic product iron concentrate and nonmagnetic product tailings;
the iron ore concentrate contains 58 percent of iron grade TFe, 32 percent of Fe and Al according to mass percentage2O3 2.5％；
The Fe recovery rate of the iron concentrate is 99 percent, and the Al recovery rate of the sodium aluminate solution is 86 percent; na (Na)2The recovery rate of O was 95%.
Example 2
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is iron-aluminum symbiotic ore containing Al according to mass percent2O3 23.32％，Fe2O3 44.03％，SiO212.27％，TiO2 1.36％，CaO 0.05％；
(2) The part with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.074mm in the mixed powder accounts for 90 percent of the total mass; in the mixed powder material, CaO (SiO) is used according to the molar ratio2+TiO2) 0.9% and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.8% of C and Fe in coal powder2O3Is 7;
(3) the amount of water used for preparing the pellets is 25 percent of the mass of the mixed powder;
(4) the reduction roasting temperature is 450 ℃, and the time is 3 h;
(5) the high-temperature roasting temperature is 1100 ℃, and the time is 1 h; cooling to 150 ℃ to prepare a roasted clinker;
(6) wet milling leaching time is 15 min; the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 60g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 400g/L according to the liquid-solid ratio;
(7) the mass concentration of the ore pulp is 30 percent; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 200 kA/m;
(8) iron ore concentrate contains 60 percent of iron grade TFe, 35 percent of Fe and Al according to mass percentage2O32 percent; the recovery rate of Fe of the iron ore concentrate is 97 percent, and the recovery rate of Al of the sodium aluminate solution is 90 percent.
Example 3
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is Bayer process high-iron red mud produced by processing gibbsite ore and contains Al according to mass percentage2O3 21.16％，Fe2O3 52.96％，SiO2 10.07％，Na2O 3.38％，CaO 1.06％，TiO24.12％；
(2) The part with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.074mm in the mixed powder accounts for 95 percent of the total mass; in the mixed powder material, CaO (SiO) is used according to the molar ratio2+TiO2) 0.8, and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.9% of C and Fe in coal powder2O3Mole ofThe ratio is 8;
(3) the amount of water used for preparing the pellets is 30 percent of the mass of the mixed powder;
(4) the reduction roasting temperature is 500 ℃, and the time is 2 hours;
(5) the high-temperature roasting temperature is 1200 ℃, and the time is 0.5 h; cooling to 100 ℃ to prepare a roasted clinker;
(6) wet milling leaching time is 5 min; the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 80g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 300g/L according to the liquid-solid ratio;
(7) the mass concentration of the ore pulp is 50 percent; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 150 kA/m;
(8) iron ore concentrate contains 65 percent of iron grade TFe, 40 percent of Fe and Al according to mass percentage2O31.5 percent; the recovery rate of Fe of the iron concentrate is 95 percent, and the recovery rate of Al of the sodium aluminate solution is 92 percent; na (Na)2The recovery rate of O was 98%.
Example 4
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is iron-aluminum symbiotic ore;
(2) the part with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.074mm in the mixed powder accounts for 95 percent of the total mass; in the mixed powder material, CaO (SiO) is used according to the molar ratio2+TiO2) 0.8, and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.8% of C and Fe in coal powder2O3Is 9;
(3) the amount of water used for preparing the pellets is 30 percent of the mass of the mixed powder;
(4) the reduction roasting temperature is 550 ℃, and the time is 1 h;
(5) the high-temperature roasting temperature is 1100 ℃, and the time is 1 h; cooling to 150 ℃ to prepare a roasted clinker;
(6) wet milling leaching time is 20 min; the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 70g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 450g/L according to the liquid-solid ratio;
(7) the mass concentration of the ore pulp is 40 percent; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 200 kA/m;
(8) iron ore concentrate with iron grade TFe of 61 percent, Fe content of 36 percent and Al content according to mass percentage2O32.2 percent; the recovery rate of Fe of the iron ore concentrate is 97 percent, and the recovery rate of Al of the sodium aluminate solution is 88 percent。
Example 5
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is iron-aluminum symbiotic ore;
(2) the part with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.074mm in the mixed powder accounts for 95 percent of the total mass; in the mixed powder material, CaO (SiO) is used according to the molar ratio2+TiO2) 0.8, and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.9% of C and Fe in coal powder2O3Is 8;
(3) the amount of water used for preparing the pellets is 30 percent of the mass of the mixed powder;
(4) the reduction roasting temperature is 600 ℃, and the time is 0.5 h;
(5) the high-temperature roasting temperature is 1200 ℃, and the time is 0.5 h; cooling to 150 ℃ to prepare a roasted clinker;
(6) wet milling leaching time is 10 min; the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 350g/L according to the liquid-solid ratio;
(7) the mass concentration of the ore pulp is 40 percent; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 200 kA/m;
(8) the iron ore concentrate contains 59 percent of iron grade TFe, 31 percent of Fe and Al according to mass percentage2O32.6 percent; the recovery rate of Fe of the iron ore concentrate is 96 percent, and the recovery rate of Al of the sodium aluminate solution is 89 percent.
Claims (10)
1. A method for separating iron-aluminum symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource, lime and coal, mixing with soda ash, and grinding to obtain mixed powder;
(2) preparing the mixed powder into pellets, preheating, drying and removing water to prepare preheated pellets;
(3) reducing and roasting the preheated pellets to prepare roasted pellets;
(4) heating the roasted pellets to 1000-1200 ℃, then roasting at high temperature, and heating coal in the roasted pellets to react to form a reducing atmosphere during high-temperature roasting; after the high-temperature roasting and sintering, cooling to 100-200 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere to prepare roasted clinker;
(5) adding the roasted clinker into alkali liquor to carry out wet-milling leaching to obtain leached slurry;
(6) carrying out liquid-solid separation on the leached slurry to obtain a liquid phase of a sodium aluminate solution and a solid phase of leached slag;
(7) washing the leached slag with water, adding water to prepare ore pulp, and then carrying out magnetic separation to obtain magnetic product iron ore concentrate and nonmagnetic product tailings.
2. The method for separating the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource is iron-aluminum symbiotic ore or Bayer process high-iron red mud containing Al in percentage by mass2O3 15～30％，Fe2O3 30～60％，SiO2 5～20％。
3. The method for separating the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the part with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.074mm in the ground mixed powder accounts for more than or equal to 85% of the total mass.
4. The method for separating Fe-Al symbiotic resources based on low-calcium reduction roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), CaO (SiO) is added to the mixed powder according to molar ratio2+TiO2) 0.8 to 1, and Na2O:(SiO2+Al2O3) 0.7-0.9% of C and Fe in coal powder2O3The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 6-9; wherein Na in soda ash2CO3Converted to Na2O。
5. The method for separating the iron and aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pellets are prepared by adopting a ball press or a pelletizer under the condition of adding water, and the amount of the water is 20-30% of the mass of the mixed powder.
6. The method for separating the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3), the temperature of the reduction roasting is 400-600 ℃, and the time is 0.5-4 h.
7. The method for separating the iron-aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (4), the high-temperature roasting time is 0.5-2 h.
8. The method for separating the iron and aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), tail gas generated by high-temperature roasting is returned to the step 2 to be used as a heat source to preheat and dry the pellets.
9. The method for separating the iron and aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the alkali liquor is a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 40-80 g/L, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is 300-500 g/L according to a liquid-solid ratio.
10. The method for separating the iron and aluminum symbiotic resource based on the low-calcium reduction roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the wet-milling leaching is performed by using a ball mill, the temperature of the wet-milling leaching is 60-80 ℃, and the time is 5-30 min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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