CN113604335A - Device and method for preparing alcohol through continuous gas fermentation - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing alcohol through continuous gas fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113604335A CN113604335A CN202110991951.XA CN202110991951A CN113604335A CN 113604335 A CN113604335 A CN 113604335A CN 202110991951 A CN202110991951 A CN 202110991951A CN 113604335 A CN113604335 A CN 113604335A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/20—Degassing; Venting; Bubble traps
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
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- C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of alcohol extraction devices, in particular to a device and a method for preparing alcohol through continuous gas fermentation, wherein the device comprises: a fermentation vessel; an air intake line; a liquid inlet pipeline; an exhaust line; a discharge line; the circulating pipeline is communicated with the fermentation container and is used for recycling the feed liquid in the fermentation container, the circulating pipeline is provided with a heat exchange element and a power element, the heat exchange element is used for maintaining the fermentation temperature, and the power element provides power for the circulating feed liquid; the two ends of the permeable membrane kit are respectively communicated with the heat exchange element and the fermentation container, the permeable membrane kit comprises a membrane module, a first outlet end of the membrane module is communicated with a self-circulation pipeline of the membrane module, and the membrane module is used for separating alcohol in fermentation liquor. Can continuously ventilate, continuously extract alcohol substances by using a permeable membrane component, and achieve the aim of preparing alcohol by using a large amount of industrial gas containing low-concentration carbon monoxide.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of alcohol extraction devices, in particular to a device and a method for preparing alcohol through continuous gas fermentation.
Background
With the growing tension of global fossil fuels and the increasing severity of environmental pollution, the energy and environmental crisis has become a major obstacle to the sustainable development of human society in the 21 st century.
Ethanol is a good solvent and can be used as a raw material for preparing various chemical products. Grain ethanol is seriously dependent on agricultural grain crops, and the development of the policy of not competing for grains and land with people is the direction of developing fuel ethanol in China and even the world; the production cost of non-grain ethanol and biomass ethanol is always high, the main cost is in raw materials and production devices, the source of industrial tail gas is wide, but the effective component for preparing alcohol is carbon monoxide in the industrial tail gas; according to different gas sources, the content of carbon monoxide is greatly different, and certain fluctuation exists, so that the reaction efficiency and the stability of the fermentation system are influenced. The lower the carbon monoxide concentration in the raw material gas, the larger the gas amount required for the fermentation reaction, and the larger the design scale of the gas inlet pipeline, the reactor and the cost of the production device, so how to develop a device for producing alcohol by using the raw material gas containing low concentration of carbon monoxide becomes a key research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a device and a method for preparing alcohol by continuous gas fermentation, which aim to solve the technical problem of how to continuously utilize carbon monoxide gas with low concentration for preparing alcohol by fermentation.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for continuous gas fermentation for producing alcohol, the apparatus comprising:
the fermentation container is used for continuously feeding air for fermentation to produce alcohol;
a gas inlet line for providing gas to the fermentation vessel, the gas inlet line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
a liquid inlet line for providing liquid to the fermentation vessel, the liquid inlet line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
a vent line for venting gas from within the fermentation vessel, the vent line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
a discharge line for discharging the fermentation liquid in the fermentation vessel, the discharge line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
the circulating pipeline is communicated with the fermentation container and is used for recycling the feed liquid in the fermentation container, the circulating pipeline is provided with a heat exchange element and a power element, the heat exchange element is used for maintaining the fermentation temperature, and the power element provides power for the circulating feed liquid;
the two ends of the permeable membrane kit are respectively communicated with the heat exchange element and the fermentation container, the permeable membrane kit comprises a membrane module, a first outlet end of the membrane module is communicated with a self-circulation pipeline of the membrane module, and the membrane module is used for separating alcohol in fermentation liquor.
Optionally, the permeable membrane kit further comprises a condenser and a product collection device;
the inlet of the condenser is connected with the second outlet end of the membrane module; the first outlet of the condenser is connected with the product collecting device and is used for condensing alcohols.
Optionally, the permeable membrane cartridge further comprises a vacuum pump, and an inlet of the vacuum pump is connected to the second outlet of the condenser.
Optionally, one end of the power element is connected with the fermentation container, and a first outlet at the other end of the power element is connected with a discharge pipeline; and a second outlet at the other end of the power element is connected with a circulating pipeline and used for providing power for discharged liquid or circulating feed liquid.
Optionally, the outlet end of the heat exchange element is connected with the inlet end of the membrane module; and the input end of the heat exchange element is connected with the power element.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a mash container, the mash container being connected to the motive element.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a residual pump, the residual pump being in communication with the discharge line.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a diaphragm pump, and the diaphragm pump is communicated with the liquid inlet pipeline or the gas inlet pipeline.
Optionally, the product collection device comprises a product recovery tank or distillation unit for collecting the alcohol.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a continuous gas fermentation process for producing alcohol, said process being carried out using the apparatus of the first aspect, comprising the steps of:
carbon-containing gas and nutrient solution are continuously fed into the fermentation container,
maintaining the temperature of the fermentation liquor by using the heat exchange element and fermenting by using microorganisms to obtain fermentation liquor;
separating the fermentation broth through the permeable membrane cartridge to obtain a residual fermentation broth and alcohol;
and the residual fermentation liquor circularly enters the fermentation container for fermentation, and thallus-containing mash and fermentation gas are discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the device provided by the embodiment of the application, gas can be continuously introduced into a fermentation container in the device through the gas inlet pipeline and the liquid inlet pipeline to supplement a carbon source, and water and nutrient solution or strains are continuously input into the fermentation container to ferment; the fermentation container is provided with a self-circulation pipeline which contains a power element and a heat exchange element, and the self-circulation fermentation liquor returns to the fermentation container, so that the gas utilization efficiency can be improved; the heat exchange element maintains the fermentation reaction temperature to ensure the fermentation temperature; the permeable membrane suite is arranged behind the heat exchange element, the membrane module can enable different components in the fermentation liquor to be in the membrane, and due to different permeation rates of the components and the pressure difference as a driving force, the alcohols are separated, so that the product recovery is realized; the permeable membrane component is utilized to continuously extract the alcohol substances, so that the aim of continuously ventilating to prepare the alcohol is fulfilled, and the aim of preparing the alcohol by using a large amount of industrial tail gas containing low-concentration carbon monoxide is fulfilled.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a device for producing alcohol by continuous gas fermentation provided by the present application.
The system comprises a fermentation container 1, a power element 2, a heat exchange element 3, a membrane assembly 4, a membrane assembly 5, a condenser 6, a product recovery device 7, a vacuum pump 8 and a mash container.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for producing alcohol by continuous gas fermentation, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus comprising:
the fermentation container 1 is used for continuously feeding gas for fermentation to produce alcohol;
a gas inlet line for providing gas to the fermentation vessel 1, the gas inlet line being in communication with the fermentation vessel 1;
a liquid inlet line for supplying liquid to the fermentation vessel 1, the liquid inlet line being in communication with the fermentation vessel 1;
a gas exhaust line for exhausting gas from the fermentation vessel 1, the gas exhaust line being in communication with the fermentation vessel 1;
a discharge line for discharging the fermentation liquid in the fermentation vessel 1, the discharge line being in communication with the fermentation vessel 1;
the circulating pipeline is communicated with the fermentation container 1 and is used for recycling the feed liquid in the fermentation container 1, the circulating pipeline is provided with a heat exchange element 3 and a power element 2, the heat exchange element 3 is used for maintaining the fermentation temperature, and the power element 2 provides power for the circulating feed liquid;
the two ends of the permeable membrane kit are respectively communicated with the heat exchange element 3 and the fermentation container 1, the permeable membrane kit comprises a membrane module 4, a first outlet end of the membrane module 4 is communicated with a self-circulation pipeline of the membrane module 4, and the membrane module 4 is used for separating alcohol in fermentation liquor.
The device in this application embodiment uses industrial gas as the energy source, carry out the fermentation production alcohol, the zymotic fluid passes through the osmotic membrane subassembly, carry out normal position separation with the alcohol in the metabolite in the fermented mash, the low alcohol zymotic fluid returns to the fermentation vessel, utilize the microorganism to carry out biological fermentation, combine the membrane separation technique, with alcohol metabolite, extract through the pervaporation membrane, thereby obtain the metabolite of high concentration, on the one hand, alcohol is as main secondary metabolite, there is the inhibitory action to the fermentation process, extract alcohol from the fermentation process, make the fermentation process go on under low alcohol concentration in succession, be favorable to improving fermentation vessel bacterial activity, and then improve fermentation efficiency. On the other hand, the alcohol is separated by permeating the gasification membrane through the membrane separation member.
In the embodiment of the application, the power element 2 can be a circulating pump, and the self-circulating fermentation liquor can return to the fermentation container in a spraying mode, so that the gas utilization efficiency can be improved. The fermentation container can be a fermentation tank, the power element can be a power pump or a circulating pump, and the heat exchange element can be a heat exchanger.
In the examples herein, the alcohols produced by fermentation include ethanol and/or butanol and/or propanol.
In the embodiment of the application, gas can be continuously introduced into the bottom of the fermentation container to supplement a carbon source, and the gas can be discharged from the top; meanwhile, water and nutrient solution can be continuously input into the top of the fermentation container through pipelines, and microorganisms for production can be supplemented.
In the embodiment of the application, the feed gas can get into from the fermentation vessel bottom through the flow control system that admits air, and the top is discharged, and carbon monoxide in the feed gas passes through biochemical reaction, produces metabolic product such as alcohol, and tail gas can be to tail gas processing unit and carry out waste heat recovery.
In the embodiment of the application, the gas input by the gas inlet pipeline comprises at least one of steel industry tail gas, biomass synthesis gas, coal gas, ferroalloy tail gas and petroleum refining tail gas.
In the embodiment of the application, the main components of the gas input by the gas inlet are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen.
In the embodiment of the application, metabolites such as alcohols permeate the permeation side of the membrane separation member, enter the subsequent distillation unit after being condensed, and low-alcohol mash which cannot permeate the membrane continuously returns to the fermentation container at the retentate side, so that the effect of product extraction is realized. And distilling and dehydrating to obtain an industrial grade ethanol product.
In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the membrane separation member in the permeable membrane module 4 includes any one of silicone rubber, poly-substituted hydrocarbon, and fluoropolymer and its modified substances.
In the embodiment of the application, the material of the membrane separation member may be an organic-inorganic composite membrane material.
As an alternative embodiment, the permeable membrane kit further comprises a condenser 5 and a product collection device;
the inlet of the condenser 5 is connected with the second outlet end of the membrane module 4; and a first outlet of the condenser 5 is connected with a product collecting device and is used for condensing alcohols.
As an alternative embodiment, the permeable membrane cartridge further comprises a vacuum pump 7, and an inlet of the vacuum pump 7 is connected to the second outlet of the condenser 5.
In the embodiment of the application, the alcohol forms the steam partial pressure difference of components on the upstream side and the downstream side of the membrane in a vacuumizing and condensing mode on the downstream side of the membrane, and the ethanol is subjected to negative pressure pumping in a gaseous form through a vacuum unit and enters a condenser so as to realize product recovery; can continuously carry out aeration operation, so that a large amount of industrial tail gas containing low-concentration carbon monoxide enters a fermentation container, alcohol substances can be continuously extracted through a permeable membrane component, and the aim of preparing alcohol is fulfilled by separating alcohol in the fermentation process by using a vacuum pump.
As an alternative embodiment, one end of the power element 2 is connected with the fermentation container 1, and a first outlet at the other end of the power element 2 is connected with a discharge line; and a second outlet at the other end of the power element 2 is connected with a circulating pipeline and is used for providing power for discharged liquid or circulating feed liquid.
As an alternative embodiment, the outlet end of the heat exchange element 3 is connected with the inlet end of the membrane module 4; the input end of the heat exchange element 3 is connected with the power element 4.
As an alternative embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a mash container 8, said mash container 8 being connected to said power element 3.
In the embodiment of the application, the pipeline is connected to the mash container after the heat exchange element of the self-circulation pipeline, and can be a mash tank, so that the aging strain can be updated; and the mash with high alcohol content can enter a distillation system, so that the energy consumption of a rear-end distillation system can be reduced.
As an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a residual pump, which is in communication with the discharge line.
As an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a diaphragm pump, which is in communication with the liquid inlet line or the gas inlet line.
As an alternative embodiment, the product collection means comprises a product recovery tank 6 or distillation unit for collecting the alcohol.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a continuous gas fermentation process for producing alcohol, said process being carried out using the apparatus of the first aspect, comprising the steps of:
carbon-containing gas and nutrient solution are continuously fed into the fermentation container,
maintaining the temperature of the fermentation liquor by using the heat exchange element and fermenting by using microorganisms to obtain fermentation liquor;
separating the fermentation broth through the permeable membrane cartridge to obtain a residual fermentation broth and alcohol;
and the residual fermentation liquor circularly enters the fermentation container for fermentation, and thallus-containing mash and fermentation gas are discharged.
The application further aims to extract the metabolite alcohol by using a membrane, and apply the metabolite alcohol to a fermentation process, so that the problems of alcohol product inhibition, reduction of energy consumption of a distillation system and the like are solved.
The method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The device for permeating alcohol by adopting the PDMS/ceramic composite membrane mainly comprises a circulating system, a heating system, a refrigerating system and a vacuum system. A self-circulation line in a fermentation container comprises a heat exchange element and a power element (a circulating pump), fermented liquor is introduced into a fermentation container of PDMS/ceramic composite membrane alcohol permeation equipment through a feed pump, and the flow rate of feed is controlled to be 80-150L/h; heating to 30-40 ℃ in a water bath, and then feeding into a membrane separation system, wherein the membrane separation system is formed by connecting PDMS/ceramic composite permeable membrane components 4 in series, and the pressure behind the membrane is 4-6 k Pa. Ethanol in the raw materials permeates to the downstream side of the membrane from the upstream side of the membrane through a membrane component 4, the upstream side of the membrane is 1.5-2.0 wt% of ethanol-containing solution, the ethanol forms a steam partial pressure difference of components on the upstream side and the downstream side of the membrane in a vacuumizing and condensing mode on the downstream side of the membrane, the ethanol enters a condenser 5 in a gaseous state through a vacuum unit or a vacuum pump 8 in a vacuumizing pressure range of 4-6 k Pa, and condensed 10-15 wt% of ethanol liquid enters a product recovery tank 6. The whole process is an internal circulation process, and liquid on the upstream side of the membrane is circulated and refluxed into the fermentation container 1 through a circulating pump. The apparatus of this embodiment also includes a diaphragm pump and a retentate pump.
By continuously operating for 10 days, the ethanol concentration of the fermentation liquor is 35-40 g/L, and the ethanol concentration of the permeation side reaches about 150 g/L. Compared with a permeation gasification membrane device, the concentration of ethanol is improved by 4-5 times, the operation performance is good, and the separation requirement is met. And in the continuous fermentation mode, the produced ethanol-containing mash enters a distillation working section, and the product ethanol is finally obtained after distillation and dehydration.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for producing alcohol by continuous gas fermentation, the apparatus comprising:
the fermentation container is used for continuously feeding air for fermentation to produce alcohol;
a gas inlet line for providing gas to the fermentation vessel, the gas inlet line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
a liquid inlet line for providing liquid to the fermentation vessel, the liquid inlet line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
a vent line for venting gas from within the fermentation vessel, the vent line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
a discharge line for discharging the fermentation liquid in the fermentation vessel, the discharge line being in communication with the fermentation vessel;
the circulating pipeline is communicated with the fermentation container and is used for recycling the feed liquid in the fermentation container, the circulating pipeline is provided with a heat exchange element and a power element, the heat exchange element is used for maintaining the fermentation temperature, and the power element provides power for the circulating feed liquid;
the two ends of the permeable membrane kit are respectively communicated with the heat exchange element and the fermentation container, the permeable membrane kit comprises a membrane module, a first outlet end of the membrane module is communicated with a self-circulation pipeline of the membrane module, and the membrane module is used for separating alcohol in fermentation liquor.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the permeable membrane cartridge further comprises a condenser and a product collection device; the inlet of the condenser is connected with the second outlet end of the membrane module; the first outlet of the condenser is connected with the product collecting device and is used for condensing alcohols.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the permeable membrane cartridge further comprises a vacuum pump, an inlet of the vacuum pump being connected to the second outlet of the condenser.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one end of the power element is connected with the fermentation vessel, and a first outlet at the other end of the power element is connected with a discharge line; and a second outlet at the other end of the power element is connected with a circulating pipeline and used for providing power for discharged liquid or circulating feed liquid.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the heat exchange element is connected to the inlet end of the membrane module; and the input end of the heat exchange element is connected with the power element.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a mash container, the mash container being connected to the powered member.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a residual pump in communication with the discharge line.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a diaphragm pump in communication with the liquid inlet line or the gas inlet line.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the product collection means comprises a product recovery tank or distillation unit for collecting alcohol.
10. A continuous gas fermentation process for the production of alcohol, wherein the process is carried out with an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
carbon-containing gas and nutrient solution are continuously fed into the fermentation container,
maintaining the temperature of the fermentation liquor by using the heat exchange element and fermenting by using microorganisms to obtain fermentation liquor;
separating the fermentation broth through the permeable membrane cartridge to obtain a residual fermentation broth and alcohol;
and the residual fermentation liquor circularly enters the fermentation container for fermentation, and thallus-containing mash and fermentation gas are discharged.
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