CN113598820A - Ultrasonic imaging method and device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic imaging method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113598820A CN113598820A CN202110951985.6A CN202110951985A CN113598820A CN 113598820 A CN113598820 A CN 113598820A CN 202110951985 A CN202110951985 A CN 202110951985A CN 113598820 A CN113598820 A CN 113598820A
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- ultrasound
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4411—Device being modular
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agent, e.g. microbubbles introduced into the bloodstream
Abstract
The application discloses an ultrasonic imaging method and device. The method comprises the following steps: focusing a magnetic ultrasound contrast agent in a target region using an external magnetic field; transmitting ultrasonic waves to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent so that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a blinking phenomenon; detecting an ultrasonic echo of the target region; generating an ultrasound image of the target region using the ultrasound echo signal. The technical scheme utilizes the external magnetic field to gather the magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent in the target area, thereby reducing the mechanical index of the ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic scintillation imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of ultrasonic imaging, in particular to an ultrasonic imaging method and device.
Background
In order to enhance the imaging effect of the ultrasound image, an ultrasound contrast agent is generally used. Droplet-based ultrasound contrast agents (e.g., nanodroplets) are widely used as a new type of ultrasound contrast agent.
The droplet-based ultrasound contrast agent may be imaged using a technique of scintigraphic imaging. To realize the flicker imaging, it is necessary to activate the flicker phenomenon of the liquid droplet using an ultrasonic wave of a strong sound pressure. However, the use of a strong sound pressure may result in a high mechanical index of the ultrasonic wave, which is outside of a predetermined safety range.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an ultrasonic imaging method and device, which can realize ultrasonic flicker imaging on the premise of reducing mechanical index.
In a first aspect, an ultrasound imaging method is provided, including: focusing a magnetic ultrasound contrast agent in a target region using an external magnetic field; transmitting ultrasonic waves to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent so that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a blinking phenomenon; detecting an ultrasonic echo of the target region; generating an ultrasound image of the target region using the ultrasound echo signal.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic field strength of the target region is greater than or equal to 4800 Gs.
In one possible implementation, the mechanical index of the ultrasound is < 1.9.
In one possible implementation, the time interval between the detection time of the ultrasound echo and the emission time of the ultrasound wave is greater than or equal to 5 ms.
In one possible implementation, the generating an ultrasound image of the target region using the ultrasound echo signal includes: obtaining an imaging sequence of the target region by using the ultrasonic echo signal; and performing autocorrelation processing on adjacent images in the imaging sequence by adopting an autocorrelation algorithm to generate the ultrasonic image.
In one possible implementation, the ultrasound image is generated based on 2-20 consecutive frames in the imaging sequence.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent is a magnetic nano-droplet.
In a second aspect, there is provided an ultrasound imaging apparatus comprising: a magnetic targeting module for focusing a magnetic ultrasound contrast agent at a target region; an ultrasonic transmitting module, configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent, so that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a flicker phenomenon; the ultrasonic detection module is used for detecting an ultrasonic echo of the target area; and the ultrasonic image generating module is used for generating an ultrasonic image of the target area by using the ultrasonic echo signal.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic field strength of the target region is greater than or equal to 4800 Gs.
In one possible implementation, the mechanical index of the ultrasound is < 1.9.
In one possible implementation, the time interval between the detection time of the ultrasound echo and the emission time of the ultrasound wave is greater than or equal to 5 ms.
In one possible implementation, the ultrasound image generation module is configured to: obtaining an imaging sequence of the target region by using the ultrasonic echo signal; and performing autocorrelation processing on adjacent images in the imaging sequence by adopting an autocorrelation algorithm to generate the ultrasonic image.
In one possible implementation, the ultrasound image is generated based on 2-20 consecutive frames in the imaging sequence.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent is a magnetic nano-droplet.
In the related art, the ultrasound contrast agent is in a flowing state (e.g., the ultrasound contrast agent follows the blood flow). The embodiment of the application focuses the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent in the target region by using the external magnetic field, so that the energy of the ultrasonic wave can be accumulated by the ultrasound contrast agent in the target region. Since the ultrasonic contrast agent in the target region can accumulate the energy of the ultrasonic wave, the flicker phenomenon of the ultrasonic contrast agent may be activated even if the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave emitted toward the target region is low to some extent. Therefore, the embodiment of the application makes it possible to realize ultrasonic flicker imaging on the premise of reducing the mechanical index.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an ultrasound imaging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another ultrasound imaging method provided in the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For ease of understanding, the general process of ultrasound imaging is first described in conjunction with fig. 1.
In step S12, ultrasound is transmitted to the target region.
The ultrasound waves may be generated by an ultrasound wave emitting module. The ultrasonic wave transmitting module may include, for example, a driving circuit, an oscillator, and the like. The target region referred to herein may be a region to be ultrasonically imaged. The target region may be, for example, a tissue of a part of a human or animal body, such as a lung of a human body, or a liver of an animal, etc.
And step S13, detecting the ultrasonic echo of the target area.
The ultrasonic echo of the ultrasonic wave may be detected and/or received. The ultrasonic echo may include a reflected signal formed by reflection of the ultrasonic wave by the target region. The ultrasonic echo may refer to an acoustic signal or an electrical signal corresponding to the acoustic signal. The ultrasonic echo may be detected and/or received by an ultrasonic echo detection module. The ultrasonic echo detection module may be, for example, a transducer device or the like that converts acoustic waves into electrical signals. The conversion device may comprise, for example, one or more of a piezoelectric ceramic and an AD module. Taking the ultrasound echo as an example of an electrical signal, in some embodiments, the electrical signal may be stored in a storage medium (or a real-time storage medium) for subsequent operation.
In step S14, an ultrasound image of the target region is generated using the ultrasound echo signal.
The ultrasound image may be generated, for example, using an ultrasound signal reconstruction module. The ultrasound signal reconstruction module may, for example, perform one or more of the following processes on the ultrasound echo (or an electrical signal corresponding to the ultrasound echo) to obtain an ultrasound image: beam synthesis, filtering and frame processing are performed.
The general procedure for ultrasound imaging is described above. In order to enhance the effect of ultrasound images, ultrasound contrast techniques are often used. The ultrasonic contrast technology enables the ultrasonic image to have the advantages of high imaging speed, low imaging price, high imaging image quality and the like. Therefore, ultrasound imaging technology has become an indispensable imaging modality in clinical and basic research.
Ultrasound contrast techniques require the use of ultrasound contrast agents. There are various types of ultrasound contrast agents. For example, microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents, as well as droplet-based ultrasound contrast agents, may be included.
The microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agent contains gas bubbles therein. The bubble can reflect the ultrasonic wave well, thereby enhancing the imaging effect. However, microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents are large in size and do not readily penetrate the gaps between vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents are difficult to penetrate deep into tissues (target tissues such as tumors).
The size of the ultrasound contrast agent based on the droplets can be made relatively small. In some embodiments, droplet-based ultrasound contrast agents can be made to the nanometer scale. Therefore, the ultrasound contrast agent is sometimes also referred to as a nano-droplet. The size of the nano droplets may be, for example, less than 800 nm. Droplet-based contrast agents, particularly nanodroplets, readily penetrate the interstices between vascular endothelial cells and thus penetrate deep into tissues, such as targeted tissues like tumors. Therefore, droplet-based contrast agents have gradually become widely used for ultrasound contrast imaging or drug delivery as a new generation of ultrasound contrast agents.
The inner core of the droplet-based ultrasound contrast agent is in liquid state. For such ultrasound contrast agents, if the same imaging method as that of microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents is employed, the imaging effect is poor. This is because bubbles inside the microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agent can form strong ultrasound echoes, and thus the display effect of the ultrasound image can be ensured. However, under the same sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic contrast agent with the liquid core has a weak ultrasonic echo, so that a low echo phenomenon is generated, and the effect of the ultrasonic contrast agent is greatly reduced.
To enhance the imaging effect of droplet-based ultrasound contrast agents, scintigraphic imaging techniques have been introduced. By scintigraphy, it is meant to use ultrasound waves of higher acoustic pressure (for example, mechanical index typically 2-5) to activate the ultrasound contrast agent based on droplets so that the inner core of the ultrasound contrast agent based on droplets changes from liquid to gaseous. The ultrasound waves are then reflected by the ultrasound contrast agent, which is in the gaseous state of the core, to form a strong ultrasound echo. And then the stronger ultrasonic echo is utilized to carry out the process of enhanced imaging.
The reason why the mechanical index of the ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic scintigraphy is relatively high will be described below with a section of the arm region of the human body as the target region of the ultrasonic scintigraphy.
Prior to ultrasound scintigraphy imaging of the target region, a drop-based ultrasound contrast agent is pre-injected into the arm vessels. At this time, the ultrasound contrast agent based on the liquid drop flows into the target region with the flow of blood in the arm blood vessel. Then, the ultrasonic wave with higher sound pressure is emitted to the target area by the ultrasonic emitting device, so that the ultrasonic contrast agent based on liquid drops flowing into the target area is activated, the activated ultrasonic contrast agent can form stronger ultrasonic echo, and the imaging enhancement effect can be further ensured. If the ultrasonic wave emitting device emits a frame of ultrasonic waves to the target region, the droplet-based ultrasonic contrast agent flowing into the target region is not activated. When the ultrasound transmitting apparatus transmits the ultrasound wave to the target region again, the ultrasound contrast agent based on the liquid drop flowing into the target region flows out of the target region, so that the ultrasound contrast agent based on the liquid drop flowing into the target region cannot be activated all the time, and thus the flicker imaging cannot be realized. In other words, in order to ensure that the drop-based ultrasound contrast agent can be instantaneously activated by the ultrasound waves, the sound pressure of the ultrasound waves is generally set to be relatively high (i.e., the mechanical index of the ultrasound waves is relatively high), resulting in a mechanical index greater than a safety range specified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, how to realize ultrasonic flicker imaging on the premise of low mechanical index is a problem to be solved urgently.
In view of the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides an ultrasound imaging method, which focuses a magnetic ultrasound contrast agent on a target region using an external magnetic field; then, the ultrasonic transmitting device can continuously transmit the ultrasonic wave with low mechanical index to the magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent gathered in the target area; then, activating the magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent of the target area by accumulated ultrasonic waves with low mechanical index; thereby causing the magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent to present a flickering phenomenon. Therefore, the technical scheme in the application can achieve the technical effect of reducing the mechanical index of the ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic flicker imaging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another ultrasound imaging method provided in the embodiments of the present application. Here, steps S22-S24 of the imaging method 20 in fig. 2 are similar to steps S12-S14 of the imaging method 10 in fig. 1. Accordingly, reference may be made to the foregoing imaging method 10 embodiments to portions of the imaging method 20 not described in detail.
Steps S21-S24 of the imaging method 20 are described below.
Step S21, the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent is focused in the target region by the external magnetic field.
The external magnetic field may be generated by a magnet, which may be, for example, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. The external magnetic field may be, for example, one or more of gradient magnetic fields, and the present application is not limited in particular. The magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent can be a magnetic substance with ultrasonic signal response, for example, the magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent can be a magnetic liquid drop and can also be a magnetic nano liquid drop. The magnetic ultrasound contrast agent may be concentrated to the target region by the magnetic field of the target region. This aggregation may also be referred to as enrichment. The magnetic field strength of the target region may be greater than or equal to 4800Gs, whereby the focusing effect of the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent may be ensured.
Step S22, an ultrasonic wave is emitted to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent, so that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a blinking phenomenon.
The mechanical index of the ultrasonic wave is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application, and as an example, the mechanical index of the ultrasonic wave may be less than 5. As another example, the mechanical index of the ultrasound waves may be less than 1.9, thereby ensuring that the mechanical index is within the safety range specified by the FDA with activation of the ultrasound contrast agent being achieved.
In step S23, an ultrasonic echo of the target region is detected.
The detection time of the ultrasonic echo is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application, and as an example, the time interval between the detection time of the ultrasonic echo and the emission time of the ultrasonic wave may be greater than or equal to 5ms, so that the detection quality of the ultrasonic echo signal can be ensured, and the quality of the ultrasonic imaging can be further ensured.
In step S24, an ultrasound image of the target region is generated using the ultrasound echo signal.
The generation method of the ultrasound image is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application, and as an example, the ultrasound image of the target area may be generated according to each detected frame of ultrasound echo signal. As another example, an imaging sequence of the target region may be obtained by using the detected ultrasound echo signal, then an autocorrelation algorithm is used to perform autocorrelation processing on adjacent images in the imaging sequence, and finally an ultrasound image is generated according to the autocorrelation processing result.
The type of the autocorrelation algorithm is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application, and as an example, the autocorrelation algorithm may be an inter-frame difference method.
By way of example and not limitation, in embodiments of the present application, 2-20 consecutive frames in an imaging sequence may be processed by an autocorrelation algorithm to generate an ultrasound image. Therefore, the imaging quality of the ultrasonic image can be ensured.
In some embodiments, real-time loop imaging may be performed using steps S21-S24 to obtain successive ultrasound images.
Method embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2, and apparatus embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with fig. 3. It is to be understood that the description of the method embodiments corresponds to the description of the apparatus embodiments, and therefore reference may be made to the preceding method embodiments for parts not described in detail.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. The ultrasound imaging apparatus 30 shown in fig. 3 may include a magnetic targeting module 31, an ultrasound transmission module 32, an ultrasound detection module 33, and an ultrasound image generation module 34. These modules are described in detail below.
The magnetic targeting module 31 may be used to focus magnetic ultrasound contrast agent at the target region.
The ultrasound transmission module 32 may be configured to transmit ultrasound waves to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent such that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a blinking phenomenon.
The ultrasound detection module 33 may be used to detect ultrasound echoes of the target region.
The ultrasound image generation module 34 may be used to generate an ultrasound image of the target region using the ultrasound echo signals.
Optionally, the magnetic field strength of the target region is greater than or equal to 4800 Gs.
Optionally, the mechanical index of the ultrasound is < 1.9.
Optionally, a time interval between the detection time of the ultrasonic echo and the emission time of the ultrasonic wave is greater than or equal to 5 ms.
Optionally, the ultrasound image generation module is configured to: obtaining an imaging sequence of a target area by using an ultrasonic echo signal; adjacent images in the imaging sequence are subjected to autocorrelation processing by an autocorrelation algorithm to generate an ultrasound image.
Optionally, the ultrasound image is generated based on 2-20 consecutive frames in the imaging sequence.
Optionally, the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent is a magnetic nano-droplet.
According to the method, the magnetic ultrasonic contrast agent is gathered in the target area to be imaged through mediating the external magnetic field, so that ultrasonic flicker imaging under a low mechanical index is realized, the biological heat effect caused by a high mechanical index is reduced, and the damage to biological tissues is further avoided. Meanwhile, the scintillation imaging method under the low mechanical index also provides a new idea for in-vivo ultrasonic super-resolution.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modifications, equivalents and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (14)
1. A method of ultrasound imaging, the method comprising:
focusing a magnetic ultrasound contrast agent in a target region using an external magnetic field;
transmitting ultrasonic waves to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent so that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a blinking phenomenon;
detecting an ultrasonic echo of the target region;
generating an ultrasound image of the target region using the ultrasound echo signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field strength of the target region is greater than or equal to 4800 Gs.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mechanical index of the ultrasound waves is < 1.9.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a time interval between a detection time of the ultrasonic echo and a transmission time of the ultrasonic wave is greater than or equal to 5 ms.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating an ultrasound image of the target region using the ultrasound echo signals comprises:
obtaining an imaging sequence of the target region by using the ultrasonic echo signal;
and performing autocorrelation processing on adjacent images in the imaging sequence by adopting an autocorrelation algorithm to generate the ultrasonic image.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ultrasound image is generated based on 2-20 consecutive frames in the imaging sequence.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent is a magnetic nanodroplet.
8. An ultrasound imaging apparatus, comprising:
a magnetic targeting module for focusing a magnetic ultrasound contrast agent at a target region;
an ultrasonic transmitting module, configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave to the target region to activate the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent, so that the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent exhibits a flicker phenomenon;
the ultrasonic detection module is used for detecting an ultrasonic echo of the target area;
and the ultrasonic image generating module is used for generating an ultrasonic image of the target area by using the ultrasonic echo signal.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the magnetic field strength of the target region is greater than or equal to 4800 Gs.
10. The device of claim 8, wherein the mechanical index of the ultrasound waves is < 1.9.
11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the time interval between the detection time of the ultrasound echo and the emission time of the ultrasound waves is greater than or equal to 5 ms.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the ultrasound image generation module is configured to:
obtaining an imaging sequence of the target region by using the ultrasonic echo signal;
and performing autocorrelation processing on adjacent images in the imaging sequence by adopting an autocorrelation algorithm to generate the ultrasonic image.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the ultrasound image is generated based on 2-20 consecutive frames in the imaging sequence.
14. The apparatus of any one of claims 8-13, wherein the magnetic ultrasound contrast agent is a magnetic nanodroplet.
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