CN113598160A - Method for manufacturing internal bone blood vessel dissection display specimen and specimen - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an intraosseous blood vessel anatomical display specimen and a specimen, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a fresh femur or tibia specimen; removing cortical bone, and soaking in formalin for fixation; soaking and decalcifying by using an EDTA decalcifying agent; using CT thin layer scanning to find a femoral intercondylar hole or a tibial intercondylar eminence hole; dissecting from the opening to expose a blood vessel and an intraosseous vascular opening for receiving the blood vessel; placing the dissected bone specimen into a container box, adding resin to submerge the bone specimen, and gradually introducing the resin into the bone specimen; putting the container box into a constant temperature box, removing the container box after the resin is hardened, and taking out the specimen; and cutting off redundant resin, and grinding and polishing to finish the manufacture. By using the manufacturing method, the intra-osseous vascular pore canals and the intra-osseous blood vessels can be exposed 100 percent, and the existence and distribution of the intra-osseous blood vessels in bones can be visually shown; in the case of pediatric skeletal specimens, the situation of blood vessels in the bone crossing the epiphyseal plate can also be revealed.

Description

Method for manufacturing internal bone blood vessel dissection display specimen and specimen

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological specimens, in particular to a method for manufacturing an internal bone blood vessel anatomy display specimen and a specimen.

Background

The knee joint and the periphery thereof have a plurality of classical anatomical structures and are good parts of common sports injuries, retrogression, tumors, wounds and the like, and the knee joint and the periphery thereof are always the key topics studied by orthopedics and anatomical students for nearly a century. The traditional anatomical structures of a tibial plateau, an intercondylar and intercondylar notch of femur, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci and the like exist in the artificial knee joint, the macroscopic structure and the related clinical significance of the artificial knee joint are well researched, and the newly named anatomical structures of the knee joint are rare in recent years.

A relatively mature theoretical system is also provided for the blood supply source and the blood vessel composition of the knee joint, generally, the blood supply of the knee joint is considered to be involved in femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and branches thereof, and the popliteal artery sends out 5 branches of classical internal, external, internal, external and middle knee arteries at and around the knee joint, so that the blood supply of the knee joint plays an important role. However, the study of the past literature often ended only on the level of the branch of the blood vessels in the knee artery, and there were fewer reports on veins, and only the popliteal vein and the accompanying synonym vein in which 5 major branches of the popliteal artery is located in the posterior segment of the popliteal artery are often mentioned. The small blood vessels and the small pore canal structures passing through the intercondylar areas of the femur and the tibia are rarely reported in the past documents, and the small blood vessels at the far end of the femur and the near end of the tibia lack related researches compared with the mature researches on the anatomy and the functions of the small blood vessels in the bone at the femoral head and neck. Regarding the pore structure existing in the tibia and femur, the research on the trophoblast and its pore is the most mature, and the blood supply pattern of the trophoblast has been developed to be perfect for the long bone diaphysis, which generally considers that almost all the trophoblasts of the long bone are located at the bone stem, and the pore structure or the small blood vessel in the metaphysis is reported to be rare to our knowledge.

It appears that the anatomy of the knee joint has reached a wide consensus, however the natural science has been flashing in constant exploration, validation and innovation, and recently the m.gunzer group discovered TCVs (trans-cortical blood vessels) that originate in the bone marrow, cross perpendicularly through the cortical bone and connect to the capillaries of the periosteal circulation, express arterial or venous markers and transport neutrophils, and that more than 80% of the arterial and 59% of the venous blood passes through TCVs, which subverts the past cortical intrabony blood vessels and ductal systems. This suggests that the tunnel vascular complex structures present in bone may far exceed our existing knowledge, especially for the channels in the metaphyseal bone of the knee joint, lacking in systematic scrutiny. For small blood vessels that are advanced into the tibial plateau and femoral condyles, little attention has been reported to follow intraosseous entry, except for the inadvertent mention of their belonging to the known vascular network system and major ramifications of the knee joint. In addition, the natural orifices for accommodating these small blood vessels have not been reported in the related systems, and scholars cannot determine whether the positions of these orifices are random or fixed, and the number, size, opening position, content property and covering condition of the orifices are not found in the prior documents.

The sprouting of our thought was based on our team experience in previous surgery, and it was found that unexpected bleeding occurred during resection of a tumor in the knee joint, often touching the intercondylar notch of the knee and the intercondylar eminence of the tibia near the central point, and sometimes isolated soft tissue structures could be found during resection or electrotome treatment of these two areas. We have also observed that invasive or malignant tumors at the distal femur and proximal tibia break through from the inside of the bone into the joint cavity, often presenting a "medial break through with the periphery relatively intact". Then, can there be small blood vessels that pass through the tibial intercondylar eminence region and the femoral intercondylar notch, or even into the bone, or if there is a fixed, undiscovered tunnel structure with contents in the tibial intercondylar region and the femoral intercondylar notch? Is the presence, fixed location, and presence of these tunnels that accommodate small blood vessels or other soft tissue structures present a potential anatomical pathway for some diseases, has important anatomical and clinical implications that have been ignored? The related research is started by the team with the questions, structures such as femoral and tibial LC passages and femoral intercondylar holes, tibial intercondylar eminence holes, small content blood vessels, orifice synovium and the like inherent in the femoral and tibial LC passages are discovered by means of imaging observation, anatomical exposure objects, histological verification and the like, and the ubiquitous existence of the LC passages in normal human bodies is verified.

The LC passages refer to a composite structure of bone-end intercondylar pore canal (containing blood vessels) -orifice synovium connecting the joint cavity in the femoral intercondylar and the joint cavity of the adult, the tibial intercondylar and the joint cavity. This composite structure also traverses the epiphyses and epiphyses plates in children. There are typically 1 tibia and 2-4 femurs in this composite structure, and for ease of description we will name such a composite structure as an LC pathway (Li Jianmin-Cheng Kun pathway).

After the LC pathway is found to be an inherently ubiquitous pathway in normal humans, we have conducted corresponding studies of femoral and tibial LC pathways in the fields of bone oncology and pediatric osteology. Firstly, the periphery of the knee joint is the primary invasive tumor and the good part of malignant tumor, and the recurrence problem also often occurs. Curettage or post-resection invasive tumors (e.g., GCT, nodules, etc.), or extensive post-resection primary malignancies, are often reported to recur in situ after years or even months, even if some are supplemented with adequate adjuvant therapy. We guess whether it is possible that some unfamiliar lacunar structures may be present in bone or joints, allowing tumor cells to be readily occult therein, escape the focal treatment area of surgery and radiotherapy, and cause recurrence over time, and whether LC pathways are involved in such tumor occult mechanisms.

In much of the literature it is believed that articular cartilage and subchondral bone provide a barrier to the spread of invasive and malignant tumors. The knee joint is also the same, and no matter the disease in the thighbone and the shinbone is changed to the propagation in the knee joint cavity or the disease in the knee joint cavity is changed to the propagation of the two bones, the subchondral bone of the thighbone far end and the shinbone near end, the articular cartilage, the synovial membrane of the joint surface, the inner meniscus, the outer meniscus, the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament and other tissues carry out the protection to the organism and the physical defense to the tumor. However, highly invasive bone tumors such as giant cell tumor of bone often break through the joint barrier and enter the joint cavity to form campancciii grade iii giant cell tumor of bone; giant cell tumor of tendon sheath often occurs or frequently occurs in knee joint cavity, but sometimes breaks through knee joint cartilage boundary and invades femur or tibia to form scatter. In addition, osteogenic malignant tumors such as osteosarcoma and some bone metastases often form the coexistence of bone tumor and soft tissue mass in knee joints, and some bone metastases may occur.

We observed that the tumor spread of the bone to the articular cavity or the tumor spread of the articular cavity to the bone of the previous knee joint tumor patient in the experimental center to the central femoral intercondylar notch or the tibial intercondylar eminence is much related, and sometimes the phenomenon that the central breakthrough occurs and the surrounding articular cartilage is intact is also shown. We therefore hypothesized whether there is a mechanism of concealment and bilateral propagation through the femoral and tibial LC pathways. In this study, we also verified that both femoral and tibial LC pathways can participate in tumor concealment and tumor bilateral transmission of the "bone-LC pathway-joint space" through typical case qualitative analysis and retrospective quantitative analysis of previous cases.

In previous studies in pediatric orthopedics, a mature consensus has been achieved regarding the cellular composition of the epiphyses, epiphyseal growth plates and metaphysis, the specific divisions and their corresponding blood supply ranges. It is generally believed that the epiphyseal growth plate of a child 2 years old is a complete continuous structure with closely arranged cells, no continuous gaps, no channels in the middle, etc. passing through the structure. Blood transport to the epiphyseal growth plate comes on the one hand from the trophoblast vessels of the epiphyses, which parts of the vessels mainly supply the growth zone of the epiphyseal plate, whose obstruction can cause the growth to slow down or stop; on the other hand, from the metaphyseal feeder artery, and ending at the proximal end of the ZPC region, mainly affects chondrocyte apoptosis and endochondral ossification, while the perichondrial vessels supply the Ranvier region. Epiphyseal blood vessels, perichondrial blood vessels and the like also supply blood for epiphyseal regions, and metaphyseal blood vessels, diaphyseal nourishing blood vessels and the like supply blood for metaphyses.

Such a description in the past literature indicates that vessels at and within the metaphysis involving pediatric epiphyses and sadwiches are generally present in only one or both of the regions, and that there are no metaphyseal vessels, and there is no description of small vessels that enter the epiphyses from within the joint cavity, cross the entire epiphyseal, epiphyseal growth plate region, reach the metaphysis, and may continue.

However, the LC pathway of the tibia and the femur of the child discovered in the study is introduced into the intercondylar from the joint cavity, and the blood vessel in the knee contained in the LC pathway branches from a small blood vessel, enters the tibia or the femoral epiphyseal region, longitudinally traverses the whole epiphyseal region and epiphyseal plate and enters the metaphysis so as to become a transvascular pathway which is not reported in the past. In the past report, the so-called metaphyseal blood vessel is considered to be generally present only in children before 18 months, which often appears in the immature period of the epiphyseal blood vessel, and generally disappears at the maximum of 18 months through epiphyseal vessels (within the cardiac vessel), transphysal vessel and metaphyseal vessel loop, and we distinguish the difference between the transfixal blood vessel in the LC channel discovered at this time and the metaphyseal blood vessel reported in the past, discuss the source of the blood vessel system, and the possibility and rationality of breaking the whole continuity of the epiphyseal plate.

Epiphyseal plates have long been considered to be effective in the screening of metaphyseal pediatric malignancies such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, largely due to the continuous tightness of their inner cells, especially cells in the R and P regions. In recent literature discussions of pediatric osteosarcoma or ewing sarcoma, there are more and more proposals tending to preserve the joints and epiphyseal plates in order to obtain a better prognosis of function, but they are often focused on bone replantation and prosthesis selection after inactivation of liquid ammonia. For the selection of the safe boundary for cutting, the technology such as MRI accurate navigation and the like are often relied on, the selection of the operation modes such as epiphyseal plate cutting, epiphyseal plate partial cutting and epiphyseal plate remaining and the like is still based on the continuity of the epiphyseal plate and the barrier effect, and the factors that the pore canal structure possibly passes through the epiphyseal plate and destroys the close continuity of the epiphyseal plate are not considered to exist. Therefore, the transepiphyseal transmission of the pediatric osteosarcoma through the LC pathway, the selection of a treatment scheme after the pediatric osteosarcoma in the metaphysis accumulates in the LC pathway, and the possible proximal and distal metastasis of the pediatric osteosarcoma through the LC pathway become the key points of the research. We also studied the influence of tumor cells on LC pathways and epiphyseal plates under macro-dissection and micro-pathology observation when the infantile osteosarcoma affects the LC pathways and spreads, compared the defense ability of the LC pathways and epiphyseal plates against tumors, and discuss the main evidence how to identify the LC pathways from tumor invasion. Osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma occurs, which may give rise to neoplastic tumor vessels that invade the epiphyseal layer, and the through vessels we have discovered this time are also involved in pediatric osteosarcoma that is present at the metaphysis. Furthermore, this model of LC pathway traversal across the epiphyseal plate to disrupt the tight continuity of the epiphyseal plate may also be relevant for diagnosis and treatment of other pediatric diseases.

In view of the fact that the inventor firstly finds the approach path of the blood vessel in the bone and names the approach path as an LC path (Li Jianmin-Cheng Kun path), the prior art has no method for dissecting and displaying the LC path, and no precedent for preparing the dissected LC path into a specimen; in addition, on the basis of finding the LC channel, the inventor further finds an intraosseous vascular canal entering the bone from the femoral intercondylar opening or the tibial intercondylar eminence opening and an intraosseous blood vessel contained in the canal, but the prior art has no precedent for dissecting and displaying the intraosseous blood vessel, and the dissecting method originally created by the inventor can find the intraosseous vascular canal by 100 percent and completely display the intraosseous blood vessel, fills the blank of the subdivision field, and has high originality.

The finding of the LC channel can influence the adjustment and optimization of a plurality of treatment schemes related to orthopaedics, and the inventor hopes to make and form display specimens for displaying the intra-bone LC channel and the intra-bone blood vessels for clinical and teaching purposes, visually display the intra-bone blood vessel directions for medical staff, provide guidance for a bone tumor treatment method and reduce the postoperative recurrence rate of bone tumors.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing an exhibition specimen for anatomical display of an intraosseous blood vessel, which is used to expose a blood vessel passing through a femoral intercondylar or tibial intercondylar eminence hole and to manufacture and form a specimen for teaching and exhibition.

Therefore, the invention provides a method for manufacturing an internal bone blood vessel anatomy display specimen, which comprises the following steps:

1) obtaining a fresh femur or tibia specimen, wherein the bone condyles of the distal end of the femur or the proximal end of the tibia are complete;

2) removing cortical bone, and soaking in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 deg.C for 5-8 days;

3) soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 25-35 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

4) using three-dimensional reconstruction after CT thin layer scanning to find femoral intercondylar holes or tibial intercondylar eminence holes;

5) dissecting the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen, gradually exposing a blood vessel entering the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen and an intraosseous blood vessel duct for accommodating the blood vessel;

6) placing the dissected bone specimen into a container box, wherein the inner shape of the container box is matched with the shape of the dissected bone specimen, adding resin into the container box, submerging the bone specimen, maintaining for 1-3 days, and gradually allowing the resin to enter the bone specimen;

7) putting the container box into a thermostat with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 2-5 days, removing the container box after the resin is hardened, and taking out a specimen which is fused with the resin into a whole;

8) and cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then polishing the edge of the specimen to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

As a preferable scheme, the dissection in the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:

removing the involved soft tissues in the joint cavity by using a tissue scissors;

cutting off and removing soft tissues attached to the blood vessels in the joint cavity by using fine scissors along the trend of the blood vessels;

finding a femoral intercondylar hole or a tibial intercondylar eminence hole, cutting out a small-angle slope surface by using a pathological section knife along the extension direction of an intraosseous vascular duct by taking the hole as the center, and removing the cut tissue by using sharp-nose pliers;

grinding the bone with the cut slope surface by using the side surface of the sharp-nose pliers, grinding a layer of bone trabecula particles each time, and deepening layer by layer;

the blood vessel pore canal in the bone is provided with a layer of bony outer wall with harder bone and inconsistent arrangement direction of trabecula and surrounding bone; after the primary exposure, the surrounding trabecula bone connected with the bony outer wall is scraped off by using a curette, so that the bony outer wall of the intra-osseous vascular pore canal is moderately highlighted;

after the bony outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are highlighted, the trabeculae on the partial outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are broken one by one along the pore passage direction by using the iris drag hook, and the blood vessels in the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are partially exposed.

Preferably, in step 1), the method further comprises the step of performing angiography on the obtained fresh femoral or tibial specimen to observe blood vessels in the bone.

The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the tumor-containing intraosseous blood vessel anatomical display specimen, which comprises the following steps:

1) obtaining a fresh femur or tibia specimen, wherein the bone condyles of the distal femur or the proximal tibia are intact, and tumor tissue is formed at the metaphysis, the cytoma tissue is close to the epiphyseal plate, and the CT thin layer or nuclear magnetic resonance shows that the epiphyseal plate is crossed;

2) removing cortical bone, and soaking in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 deg.C for 5-8 days;

3) soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 25-35 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

4) using three-dimensional reconstruction after CT thin layer scanning to find femoral intercondylar holes or tibial intercondylar eminence holes;

5) dissecting the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen, and gradually exposing blood vessels and tumor tissues entering the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen;

6) placing the dissected bone specimen into a container box, wherein the inner shape of the container box is matched with the shape of the dissected bone specimen, adding resin into the container box, submerging the bone specimen, maintaining for 1-3 days, and gradually allowing the resin to enter the bone specimen;

7) putting the container box into a thermostat with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 2-5 days, removing the container box after the resin is hardened, and taking out a specimen which is fused with the resin into a whole;

8) and cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then polishing the edge of the specimen to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

As a preferable scheme, the dissection in the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:

removing the involved soft tissues in the joint cavity by using a tissue scissors;

cutting off and removing soft tissues attached to the blood vessels in the joint cavity by using fine scissors along the trend of the blood vessels;

finding a femoral intercondylar hole or a tibial intercondylar eminence hole, cutting out a small-angle slope surface by using a pathological taking blade knife along the extension direction of an intraosseous vascular duct by taking the hole as the center, and removing the cut tissue by using sharp-nose pliers;

grinding the bone with the cut slope surface by using the side surface of the sharp-nose pliers, grinding a layer of bone trabecula particles each time, and deepening layer by layer; gradually exposing bone tumor tissue from the outer layer to the inner layer;

the blood vessel pore canal in the bone is provided with a layer of bony outer wall with harder bone and inconsistent arrangement direction of trabecula and surrounding bone; after the primary exposure, the surrounding trabecula bone connected with the bony outer wall is scraped off by using a curette, so that the bony outer wall of the intra-osseous vascular pore canal is moderately highlighted;

after the bony outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are highlighted, the trabeculae on the partial outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are broken one by one along the pore passage direction by using the iris drag hook, and the blood vessels in the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are partially exposed.

Preferably, in step 1), the method further comprises the step of performing angiography on the obtained fresh femoral or tibial specimen to observe blood vessels in the bone.

The invention also provides an internal bone blood vessel anatomy display specimen which is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing method.

The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the LC channel display specimen in the adult bone, which comprises the following steps:

step 1), taking a fresh adult knee joint specimen, performing CT (computed tomography) thin-layer scanning, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, and displaying through a cross section, a coronal plane and a sagittal plane to expose a complete LC (liquid Crystal) channel;

step 2), removing cortical bone, soaking and fixing in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 ℃ for 7-10 days, then soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 30-40 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

step 3), cutting and exposing the knee joint capsule, the proximal tibia and the distal femur, and finding a knee middle artery in the knee joint capsule; dissecting the surface synovial membrane along the middle knee artery via the joint capsule, and exposing to femoral or tibial intercondylar; the medial and lateral condyles of femur or tibia are resected in a deformed way, and the intercondylar part is reserved;

step 4), dissecting along the branch of the knee middle artery to a blood vessel and a bone combination part; after the femoral intercondylar hole and the tibial intercondylar eminence hole in the LC channel are observed, the opening of the protective hole channel is opened, and the nearby cancellous bone is cut open until the hole channel structure and the content in the bone end are exposed;

step 5), placing the exposed bone specimen into a container box, adding resin into the container box, and keeping for 1-2 days until the resin gradually enters the bone specimen;

step 6), putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 2-6 days, removing the container box after the resin is completely hardened, and taking out a specimen fused with the resin into a whole;

and 7) cutting off redundant resin at the edge after the specimen is polymerized and hardened, and then polishing the edge of the specimen by grinding to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the infant intra-osseous LC channel display specimen, which comprises the following steps:

step 1), taking a fresh child knee joint specimen, performing CT (computed tomography) thin-layer scanning, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, and displaying through a cross section, a coronal plane and a sagittal plane to expose a complete LC (liquid Crystal) channel;

step 2), removing cortical bone, soaking in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 ℃ for 7-10 days, then soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 30-40 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

step 3), cutting and exposing the knee joint capsule, the proximal tibia and the distal femur, and finding a knee middle artery in the knee joint capsule; dissecting the surface synovial membrane along the middle knee artery via the joint capsule, and exposing to femoral or tibial intercondylar; the medial and lateral condyles of femur or tibia are resected in a deformed way, and the intercondylar part is reserved;

step 4), dissecting along the branch of the knee middle artery to a blood vessel and a bone combination part; observing that after femoral intercondylar holes and tibial intercondylar eminence holes in the LC channel exist, protecting the opening of the pore channel and dissecting nearby cancellous bone until pore channel structures and contents in epiphysis and metaphysis are exposed, and exposing the passing mode and the longitudinal degree of the pore channel in the epiphysis;

step 5), placing the exposed bone specimen into a container box, adding resin into the container box, and keeping for 1-2 days until the resin gradually enters the bone specimen;

step 6), putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 2-4 days, removing the embedding box after the resin is hardened, and taking out a specimen which is fused with the resin into a whole;

and 7) cutting off redundant resin at the edge after the specimen is polymerized and hardened, and then polishing the edge of the specimen by grinding to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

The LC passage is a composite structure which exists between femoral condyles and articular cavities, between tibial condyles and articular cavities, and is formed by a bone-end intercondylar orifice-orifice synovium connecting the articular cavities.

The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. the method for manufacturing the sample for displaying the anatomical display of the intrabony blood vessels comprises an original anatomical method, and the sample manufactured by the anatomical method can show the intravascular blood vessel pore canals and the intrabony blood vessels running in the intravascular blood vessel pore canals by 100 percent, and can visually display the existence and distribution of the intrabony blood vessels in bones; if the sample is a pediatric skeleton sample, the condition that blood vessels in bones pass through an epiphyseal plate can be revealed;

the nourishing blood vessels and the cortical blood vessels in bones can be observed in the prior art, however, a suitable method for dissecting and completely displaying the nourishing blood vessels or the cortical blood vessels is never thought in reality, and the dissecting method mentioned in the manufacturing method of the anatomical displaying specimen for the blood vessels in bones can dissect not only the blood vessels in bones, but also the nourishing blood vessels or the cortical blood vessels in bones, and has certain universality.

2. The manufacturing method of the tumor-containing intraosseous blood vessel anatomy display specimen comprises the original anatomy method, can reveal the intraosseous blood vessel pore canal, the intraosseous blood vessel and the intraosseous tumor which pass through the intraosseous blood vessel pore canal by 100 percent, and display the relationship between the intraosseous tumor and blood circulation; when tumors grow in bones, the tumors generally occur at bone ends from the experience of the past, and tumor cells are hardly hidden and spread in blood vessels of nourishing blood vessels or cortex lycii, while the blood vessel pores in the bones obtained by dissection by the dissection method can be hidden by the tumor cells and become hidden troubles of postoperative recurrence of the tumors; by means of the specimen, the intravascular vascular ducts can be visually displayed, guidance is provided for surgery, and the postoperative recurrence rate of bone tumors is reduced.

The condition that the blood vessel passes through the epiphyseal plate can be visually shown by the specimen prepared by the dissection method, the condition that the blood vessel passes through the epiphyseal plate is never observed by people in reality, and the known theory also considers that the blood vessel passing through the epiphyseal plate does not exist; by means of the specimen, the condition of the blood vessel passing epiphyseal plate can be visually displayed, and an idea is provided for judging whether the epiphyseal plate is cut after bone tumor infection.

The specimen manufactured by the manufacturing method of the display specimen for anatomical display of the blood vessels in bones can be used for clinic and teaching, and has great educational and guiding significance.

3. The manufacturing method of the intra-bone LC passage display specimen comprises a specific dissection method, the LC passage can be exposed by 100% through the dissection method, and the passing condition of a blood vessel in the LC passage is displayed; unlike the distribution of LC pathways in adult bones, LC pathways in pediatric bones also cross the epiphyses. In reality, the existence of the LC channel is never proposed, and the inventor discovers and completely displays the LC channel for the first time through the dissection method and further makes the LC channel into a specimen to visually display the existence of the LC channel; the presence of the LC pathway affects the adjustment or modification of many bone-related medical protocols, and it is of particular importance to show the health care professional the location of the specimen. The specimen prepared by the method for preparing the intra-bone LC channel display specimen can visually display the running condition of the LC channel to medical personnel, can be used for clinic and teaching, and has great educational and guiding significance.

Drawings

To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the prior art or the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the prior art or the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

Fig. 1a is a fresh specimen of a 12 year old distal femoral osteosarcoma amputation with the preoperative image showing intact tibia without lesions.

Fig. 1b is a schematic illustration of fig. 1a after removal of cortical bone.

FIG. 1c is a schematic representation of FIG. 1b after completion of soaking and decalcification.

Fig. 1d is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional reconstruction after line CT thin-layer scanning.

Fig. 1e is a view of the venous branch vessel entering the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen dissected from the intraosseous vessel tunnel orientation in the sagittal plane.

Fig. 1f is a medial knee vein branch gradually emerging into the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen.

Fig. 2a is a schematic view of an ophthalmic microsurgical kit for dissection.

Fig. 2b is a schematic view of fig. 2a after opening.

Fig. 3a is a schematic view of a pathological microtome for cutting bone.

Figure 3b is a schematic view of a pair of sharp nose pliers using a side bite to grind bone that has cut a slope.

Figure 3c is a schematic view of fine scissors for removing soft tissue attached to blood vessels in the joint cavity.

Fig. 3d is a schematic view of the curette scraping the surrounding trabecular bone to properly visualize the bony exine of the intra-osseous vascular tunnel.

Fig. 3e is a schematic view of the iris retractor for breaking the bone trabecula of the bony outer wall part of the tunnel of the blood vessel in the bone one by one along the direction of the tunnel to expose the blood vessel in the tunnel.

Figure 4a is a schematic representation of preoperative MRI showing a tibial LC pathway completely traversing the epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal part, with the tumor mass mostly within the metaphysis, and proximal to the epiphyseal plate.

Fig. 4b is a schematic representation of the gross anatomy of the post-operative specimen showing tumor invasion and tibial LC pathway and propagation to the metaphysis, with the proximal epiphyseal plate intact and undamaged.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an anatomical display specimen of an intraosseous blood vessel, wherein cases, image data and human body specimens are all from the Qingdao province of Qilu hospital of Shandong university and the Qilu hospital of Shandong university.

Tumor knee joint anatomical specimen:

a total of 22 specimens of human intact tumor knee joints were collected from months 5 and 2020 and 3 in 2017. The sources of the materials include fresh specimens after amputation (12 cases) and fresh specimens after tumor section resection (10 cases).

Inclusion criteria were: 1. tumor segments are cut from the distal femur and tibia invasive tumors, and the pathological diagnosis is clear; 2. primary malignant bone tumors of tibia and femur, tumor section resection or amputation, and definite pathological diagnosis; 3. primary invasive tumors in knee joint cavities, tumor section resection and definite postoperative pathology; 4. for those identified and included in criteria 1.2.3, the pre-operative images of the femoral intercondylar foramen and tibial intercondylar eminence foramen were guaranteed to be clearly visible and structurally sound.

Exclusion criteria: combining serious joint degeneration and synovial degeneration; ② the previous knee joint operation history; pathological fracture, especially if fracture lines pass through the intercondylar; fourthly, extensive pathological changes cause difficulty in judging breakthrough points; poor sample integrity.

According to the inclusion and exclusion standards, 12 tumor amputation fresh specimens and 10 tumor section excision fresh specimens are collected from 5 months to 3 months in 2017, wherein 14 men and 8 women are selected; the age (28.8 + -3.6 years) (range: 8-51 years). Of the 22 cases, 12 cases (54.5%) of the left knee and 10 cases (45.5%) of the right knee are included. The pathological types of 22 cases were clearly diagnosed by the pathology, among which 12 cases of osteosarcoma (54.5%), 6 cases of giant cell tumor of bone (27.3%), 2 cases of bone metastasis (9.1%), and 1 case of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (4.5%). The 2 bone metastases originate from lung and kidney cancer, respectively. Giant cell tumors (27.3%) of the bone were all patients who had relapsed after the first curettage and had undergone the second resection of the tumor segment.

Infantile knee joint anatomical specimen:

there are 15 cases of complete knee joint specimens of children from 5 months in 2017 to 3 months in 2020. The sources of material include planar amputation above the knee joint (3 cases) and general autopsy specimens of children (12 cases). Children were performed with LC pathway dissection and histological morphology.

Inclusion criteria were: 1. fresh complete knee joint specimens obtained by amputation and knee joint specimens obtained by autopsy; 2. the age is 2-14 years old; 3. the structures of the femur and the tibia are complete without obvious damage; 4. the important structures in the knee joint, such as the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci, and lateral collateral ligaments, are intact.

Exclusion criteria: firstly, the observation conditions are not ideal due to serious deformity of joints, intercondylar region lesion, epiphyseal injury and the like; ② the previous knee joint operation history; history of serious knee joint trauma; fourthly, the integrity of the knee joint specimen is not good; the knee joint and peripheral tumors have seriously destroyed the intrinsic structure.

Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria described above, 3 specimens of amputated limb, 12 specimens of autopsy (6 specimens with bilateral knee joints each) formalin-soaked specimens collected from 5 to 3 months 2017 were included in the study at ages (9.6 ± 2.5) between 2 and 14 years, 8 males (from 5) and 7 females (from 4). Of the 15 cases, 8 cases of the left knee (53.3%) and 7 cases of the right knee (46.7%).

The dissection steps of the blood vessels in the bones of the proximal tibia of a fresh limb of a 12-year-old femoral osteosarcoma are taken as an example to show the dissection steps of the blood vessels in the bones of the proximal tibia.

Taking the proximal end of a long tibia as an example, after a fresh specimen is taken (as shown in fig. 1 a), an intravascular blood vessel is observed by angiography. Removing cortical bone (as shown in figure 1 b), soaking in 10% formalin solution at 4 deg.C for 7 days, soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 30 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day (as shown in figure 1 c). Performing three-dimensional reconstruction after line CT thin-layer scanning, and finding a tibial intercondylar eminence hole (shown in figure 1 d); dissection was performed from the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen and was performed according to the intra-osseous vascular tunnel progression (as shown in fig. 1e and 1 f). The dissection procedure is fine-tuned using ophthalmic microsurgical instruments (as shown in fig. 2a and 2 b).

In the dissection step, firstly, the tissue scissors are used for removing the involved soft tissue in the joint cavity; then, cutting off and removing soft tissues attached to the blood vessels in the joint cavity by using fine scissors along the trend of the blood vessels to avoid transversely cutting off the blood vessels; after finding the tibial intercondylar eminence hole, cutting a small-angle slope surface by using a pathological section knife (shown in figure 3 a) along the extending direction of the bone intravascular canal (namely towards the primary articular cavity end) by taking the hole as the center, and removing the cut tissue by using a sharp-nose pliers (shown in figure 3 b); carefully biting and grinding the bone with the slope surface by using the side surfaces of the nipper pliers, grinding a layer of trabecular bone particles each time, and deepening layer by layer; the blood vessel pore canal in the bone is provided with a layer of bony outer wall with harder bone and inconsistent arrangement direction of trabecula and surrounding bone; after the primary exposure, using a curette (as shown in fig. 3 d) to scrape the surrounding trabecula bone connected with the bony outer wall, so that the bony outer wall of the blood vessel duct in the bone is moderately protruded; after the bony outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular duct are highlighted, the trabeculae on the partial outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular duct are broken one by one along the duct direction by using an iris drag hook (as shown in figure 3 e), and the blood vessels in the intra-osseous vascular duct are partially exposed.

The results of the dissection are visually presented, compared to the contrast imaging, and verified using tissue sections. Meanwhile, other specimens are used for decalcification by using a strong acid decalcification agent, and effect comparison is carried out.

It should be noted that, conventionally, when the tibia or the femur is dissected, strong acid decalcifying agent is commonly used for decalcification, but not EDTA decalcification agent, after the strong acid decalcification agent is used for decalcification, blood vessels in blood vessel ducts in the bone are dissolved and completely destroyed, which cannot be clearly seen, and then it is difficult to know which ducts have blood vessels running through.

In this embodiment, the imaging data for CT thin-layer scanning is from the Siemens SOMATOM forceCT machine.

Placing the bone specimen subjected to the dissection step into a container box, selecting the shape of the interior of the container box to be matched with the shape of the dissected bone specimen, adding resin into the container box, submerging the bone specimen, maintaining for 2 days, and gradually allowing the resin to enter the interior of the bone specimen; putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 4 days, removing the container box after the resin is hardened, and taking out the specimen fused with the resin into a whole; and cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then grinding and polishing the edge of the specimen to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

The embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing the anatomical display specimen for blood vessels in bones containing tumors, wherein a fresh tibia specimen is selected, giant cell tumors of bones are formed on metaphysis, the giant cell tumors of bones are close to an epiphyseal plate, and a CT thin layer or nuclear magnetic resonance display passes through the epiphyseal plate (as shown in fig. 4a and fig. 4 b), and the manufacturing method is similar to the manufacturing method of the anatomical display specimen for blood vessels in normal bones (namely similar to the method), except that: in step 5), when dissecting the femoral intercondylar foramen or tibial intercondylar eminence foramen and gradually exposing blood vessels entering the femoral intercondylar foramen or tibial intercondylar eminence foramen, attention needs to be paid to the giant cell tumor tissue of the exposed bone.

The applicant performs the above-mentioned dissection operation on all the samples meeting the requirements selected in the embodiment, and the dissection results show that the existence and the trend in the bone blood vessel pore canal and the existence of the bone blood vessel have universality.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an LC (liquid chromatography) channel display specimen in an adult bone, wherein cases, image data and human body specimens are all from the Qingdao province of the Shandong university, Qilu hospital and the Shandong university.

In the image center database, 200 cases (200 knees) of knee joints CT1mm are subjected to thin-layer flat scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction, and 100 cases (100 knees) of knee joints MRI flat scanning or enhanced images are subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction in the period from 5 months to 2020 and 3 months in 2017. Including knee joint trauma, knee joint degenerative disease, meniscus trauma, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament trauma, primary invasive tumor of knee joint, patients with malignant knee joint tumor, and general physical examination. The CT data is mainly used for displaying the ubiquitous and the locatological distribution of the tibial intercondylar eminence hole and the femoral intercondylar hole, and the MRI data is mainly used for the locatological measurement of the tibial intercondylar eminence hole and the femoral intercondylar hole and analyzing the content property of the LC channel.

CT inclusion criteria: 1. the CT scan is a thin-layer flat scan, the thickness of the thin-layer flat scan is at most 1mm, and the CT scan simultaneously has coronal, sagittal and three-dimensional reconstruction images; 2. between the ages of 15 and 90 years, the epiphyseal line is closed. 3. The intercondylar area of the tibia and the intercondylar notch of the femur should be intact in structure without obvious damage or destruction.

Except for the standard: 1. the integrity of the distal femur or the proximal tibia is damaged by trauma and other factors, resulting in incomplete display of the tibial plateau and the intercondylar space of the femur. 2. With serious degeneration of knee joint (intercondylar degeneration and mixed degeneration of knee joint), and rheumatoid arthritis; 3. knee joint tumors seriously damage distal femur or proximal tibia sclerotin, resulting in observers with corresponding anatomical structures being unable to observe; 4. incomplete CT scanning data of knee joint, unclear image display or too thick layer due to problems of scanning technique or image storage; 5. invasive examiners who have undergone knee surgery or have damaged the knee structure.

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 200 (200 knee) patient knee joint CT thin-layer scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction data are randomly included in an image center database of images of 5 months to 2020 months in 2017, wherein the three-dimensional reconstruction data comprise 115 men and 85 women; the age (48.3 + -6.8 years) (range: 15-90 years). In 200 cases of this group, 94 cases (47%) of the left knee and 106 cases (53%) of the right knee were present. 141 healthy knee joints with lesions on the contralateral side (image judgment) (70.5%); 29 cases of degeneration (14.5%), including 9 cases of patellofemoral joint type, 20 cases of tibiofemoral joint type; trauma 13 cases (6.5%); 11 cases of tumors (5.5%), with 8 cases of benign and 3 cases of malignant being considered by imaging data; knee joint injury was 6 cases (3%).

MRI inclusion criteria: 1. the complete and clear MRI scout or enhanced image of the knee joint is clear and should be a continuous sequence including at least T1WI and T2W2 sequences. Simultaneously has images of coronal and sagittal positions; 2. the tibial intercondylar eminence hole and the femoral intercondylar hole can be clearly displayed, and the tibial plateau front and rear edges, the tibial plateau inner and outer edges, the femoral intercondylar fossa front and rear edges and the femoral inner and outer condyles on the same layer are clearly displayed; 3. the tibia intercondylar region and the femur intercondylar notch are structurally intact without obvious damage and destruction; 4. at the age of 15-90 years, the epiphyseal line has closed.

MRI exclusion criteria: 1. the observer cannot determine 100% of the intercondylar tibial eminence or femoral intercondylar eminence by imaging; 2. the knee joint MRI scanning layer is too thick, the sequence is incomplete, the data is not clear or the data stored in the system is wrong; 3. due to knee joint tumor, trauma, degeneration and other reasons, bone at the far end of femur or the near end of tibia is seriously damaged, so that observers of corresponding anatomical structures cannot be observed; 4. those who have undergone knee joint surgery or invasive examinations.

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 (100 knee) knee joint MRI flat scans or enhancements of the image center database of 5-2020-3-2017 are randomly included, including 55 men and 45 women; the age (35.2 + -6.3 years) (range: 15-90 years). In 100 cases of the group, 59 cases (59%) of the left knee and 41 cases (41%) of the right knee are present. 72 cases of knee joint injury (72%), 20 cases of trauma (20%), 5 cases of tumor (5%), 3 cases of degeneration (3%).

After the adult knee joint specimen is obtained, the imaging observation is carried out, the related imaging data formed by two LC channel anatomies of the specimen is perfected, and the imaging positioning is carried out. The complete LC channel building block is then revealed by cross-sectional, coronal, and sagittal displays. Removing cortical bone, soaking in formalin solution at 4 deg.C for 8 days, soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 35 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day.

Firstly, cutting and exposing a knee joint capsule, a proximal tibia end and a distal femur end, and finding a knee middle artery in the knee joint capsule; cutting surface synovial membrane along knee middle artery via joint capsule, treating articular cartilage, exposing to femoral and tibial condyles, sagittal cutting femoral and tibial inner and outer condyles, and keeping intercondylar part; dissecting along the branch of the middle knee artery to reach the blood vessel and bone union part; observing that after the femoral intercondylar hole and the tibial intercondylar eminence hole in the LC channel are reserved, protecting the opening of the hole channel, dissecting nearby cancellous bone, and exposing the hole channel structure and contents in the bone end; placing the exposed bone specimen into a container box, adding resin into the container box, and keeping for 1-2 days until the resin gradually enters the bone specimen; putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 5 days, removing the container box after the resin is completely hardened, and taking out a specimen fused with the resin into a whole; and after the specimen is polymerized and hardened, cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then polishing the edge of the specimen by grinding to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

The applicant performed the above-mentioned dissection operation on all the satisfactory specimens selected in this example, and the dissection results show that the existence and orientation of the intra-osseous LC channel are universal.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an intra-bone LC channel display specimen for children, wherein cases, image data and human body specimens are all from the Qingdao province of the Shandong university, Qilu hospital and the Shandong university.

In the image center database, 50 (50 knee) knee joint CT1mm thin layer flat scan + three-dimensional reconstruction and 30 (30 knee) knee joint MRI1mm thin layer flat scan or enhanced images are totally performed on children patients between 5 months and 2020 and 3 months in 2017. Including knee joint injury, discoid meniscus, osteomyelitis, osteochondroma of lower limb, malignant tumor of knee joint, and general physical examination. The CT data are mainly used for displaying the ubiquitous property of the tibial eminence hole and the femoral intercondylar hole in children and the channel property of the LC channel in epiphyses and metaphyses, and the MRI data are mainly used for displaying the content property and the walking of the LC channel.

Inclusion criteria were: 1. the CT scan is a thin-layer flat scan, the thickness of the thin-layer flat scan is at most 1mm, and the CT scan simultaneously has coronal, sagittal and three-dimensional reconstruction images; or complete and clear 1mm thin layer knee joint MRI flat scan or enhancement, can clearly show LC channel on the image, MRI should be continuous sequence, at least including T1WI, T2WI sequence; 2. those aged 2-14 years and with a non-closed epiphyseal line; 3. the tibia intercondylar region and the femur intercondylar notch of the child have well developed structures, and obvious epiphyseal injury and congenital dysgonal knee joint lesions do not exist; 4. there were significant epiphyses and epiphyses plates on the image.

Except for the standard: 1. the metaphysis or epiphysis integrity of the distal femur/proximal tibia is damaged by trauma, tumor and other factors, so that the metaphysis, epiphysis plate or epiphysis is incomplete; without any slice sweep and LC path on MRI, or without 100% determination of LC path by observer; 3. those with dysplasia of knee joint, associated loss of intrinsic structure due to congenital diseases; 4. those with incomplete knee joint and surrounding development; 5. a person who is subjected to knee joint surgery or invasive examination for destroying the knee joint structure.

According to the inclusion and exclusion standards, 50 cases (50 knees) of CT thin-layer flat scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction of children are randomly included in an image center database of 5 months to 2020 months in 2017, wherein the CT thin-layer flat scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction comprise 26 cases of men and 24 cases of women; the age (9.5 + -2.3 years) (range: 2-14 years). In the group of 50, 28 cases (56%) of the left knee and 22 cases (44%) of the right knee are included. Among them, 38 healthy knee joints (image judgment) with a contralateral lesion (76%), 5 knee joint injuries (10%), 4 discal menisci (10%), 2 tumors (4%), and 1 osteomyelitis (2%).

MRI flat scan or enhancement of knee joints in 30 children, 17 men and 13 women; age (9.2 ± 3.5) years (range: 2-14 years), with 22 cases of knee soft tissue injuries (73.3%), 5 cases of discoid meniscus (16.7%) and 3 cases of tibial or femoral tumors that do not reach the epiphyseal growth plate (10%).

After the pediatric knee joint preparation was obtained, the image observation and dissection method before dissection were similar to those of adults (i.e., the dissection method was the same as that in example 2). After the exact positions of the femoral intercondylar opening and the tibial intercondylar eminence opening are found, two pore canals and the content structures of the pore canals are protected, the femur and the tibia epiphysis are cut in the lateral sagittal direction, the pore canal structures and the content in the epiphysis and the metaphysis are exposed, the crossing mode and the longitudinal degree of the pore canals in the epiphysis are exposed, whether the pore canals reach the metaphysis or not is shown, and the like, so that the main anatomical structure, the longitudinal epiphysis degree, the relationship with the metaphysis and the like in the LC passage of the child are determined;

placing the exposed bone specimen into a container box, adding resin into the container box, and keeping for 1-2 days until the resin gradually enters the bone specimen; putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 3 days, removing the embedding box after the resin is hardened, and taking out the specimen fused with the resin into a whole; and after the specimen is polymerized and hardened, cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then polishing the edge of the specimen by grinding to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

The applicant performed the above described dissection procedure on all the samples of the samples selected in this example, and the dissection results showed that the presence, orientation and penetration of the intra-osseous LC channels were universal.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The manufacturing method of the display specimen for the anatomical display of the blood vessels in the bones is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) obtaining a fresh femur or tibia specimen, wherein the bone condyles of the distal end of the femur or the proximal end of the tibia are complete;

2) removing cortical bone, and soaking in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 deg.C for 5-8 days;

3) soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 25-35 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

4) using three-dimensional reconstruction after CT thin layer scanning to find femoral intercondylar holes or tibial intercondylar eminence holes;

5) dissecting the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen, gradually exposing a blood vessel entering the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen and an intraosseous blood vessel duct for accommodating the blood vessel;

6) placing the dissected bone specimen into a container box, wherein the inner shape of the container box is matched with the shape of the dissected bone specimen, adding resin into the container box, submerging the bone specimen, maintaining for 1-3 days, and gradually allowing the resin to enter the bone specimen;

7) putting the container box into a thermostat with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 2-5 days, removing the container box after the resin is hardened, and taking out a specimen which is fused with the resin into a whole;

8) and cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then polishing the edge of the specimen to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

2. The method for manufacturing the display specimen for displaying anatomical representation of an intraosseous blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein: the dissection in the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:

removing the involved soft tissues in the joint cavity by using a tissue scissors;

cutting off and removing soft tissues attached to the blood vessels in the joint cavity by using fine scissors along the trend of the blood vessels;

finding a femoral intercondylar hole or a tibial intercondylar eminence hole, cutting out a small-angle slope surface by using a pathological section knife along the extension direction of an intraosseous vascular duct by taking the hole as the center, and removing the cut tissue by using sharp-nose pliers;

grinding the bone with the cut slope surface by using the side surface of the sharp-nose pliers, grinding a layer of bone trabecula particles each time, and deepening layer by layer;

the blood vessel pore canal in the bone is provided with a layer of bony outer wall with harder bone and inconsistent arrangement direction of trabecula and surrounding bone; after the primary exposure, the surrounding trabecula bone connected with the bony outer wall is scraped off by using a curette, so that the bony outer wall of the intra-osseous vascular pore canal is moderately highlighted;

after the bony outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are highlighted, the trabeculae on the partial outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are broken one by one along the pore passage direction by using the iris drag hook, and the blood vessels in the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are partially exposed.

3. The method for manufacturing the display specimen for displaying anatomical representation of an intraosseous blood vessel according to claim 1, wherein:

in the step 1), the method further comprises the step of performing angiography on the obtained fresh femoral or tibial specimen to observe the blood vessels in the bone.

4. The method for manufacturing the tumor-containing intraosseous blood vessel anatomical display specimen is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) obtaining a fresh femur or tibia specimen, wherein the bone condyles of the distal femur or the proximal tibia are intact, and tumor tissue is formed at the metaphysis, the cytoma tissue is close to the epiphyseal plate, and the CT thin layer or nuclear magnetic resonance shows that the epiphyseal plate is crossed;

2) removing cortical bone, and soaking in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 deg.C for 5-8 days;

3) soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 25-35 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

4) using three-dimensional reconstruction after CT thin layer scanning to find femoral intercondylar holes or tibial intercondylar eminence holes;

5) dissecting the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen, and gradually exposing blood vessels and tumor tissues entering the femoral intercondylar foramen or the tibial intercondylar eminence foramen;

6) placing the dissected bone specimen into a container box, wherein the inner shape of the container box is matched with the shape of the dissected bone specimen, adding resin into the container box, submerging the bone specimen, maintaining for 1-3 days, and gradually allowing the resin to enter the bone specimen;

7) putting the container box into a thermostat with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for 2-5 days, removing the container box after the resin is hardened, and taking out a specimen which is fused with the resin into a whole;

8) and cutting off redundant resin at the edge, and then polishing the edge of the specimen to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

5. The method for manufacturing the tumor-containing intraosseous blood vessel anatomical display specimen according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dissection in the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:

removing the involved soft tissues in the joint cavity by using a tissue scissors;

cutting off and removing soft tissues attached to the blood vessels in the joint cavity by using fine scissors along the trend of the blood vessels;

finding a femoral intercondylar hole or a tibial intercondylar eminence hole, cutting out a small-angle slope surface by using a pathological taking blade knife along the extension direction of an intraosseous vascular duct by taking the hole as the center, and removing the cut tissue by using sharp-nose pliers;

grinding the bone with the cut slope surface by using the side surface of the sharp-nose pliers, grinding a layer of bone trabecula particles each time, and deepening layer by layer; gradually exposing bone tumor tissue from the outer layer to the inner layer;

the blood vessel pore canal in the bone is provided with a layer of bony outer wall with harder bone and inconsistent arrangement direction of trabecula and surrounding bone; after the primary exposure, the surrounding trabecula bone connected with the bony outer wall is scraped off by using a curette, so that the bony outer wall of the intra-osseous vascular pore canal is moderately highlighted;

after the bony outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are highlighted, the trabeculae on the partial outer walls of the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are broken one by one along the pore passage direction by using the iris drag hook, and the blood vessels in the intra-osseous vascular pore passages are partially exposed.

6. The method for manufacturing the tumor-containing intraosseous blood vessel anatomical display specimen according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

in the step 1), the method further comprises the step of performing angiography on the obtained fresh femoral or tibial specimen to observe the blood vessels in the bone.

7. An internal bone blood vessel anatomy display specimen, which is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3; or manufactured by the manufacturing method of any one of claims 4 to 6.

8. A method for manufacturing an LC (liquid chromatography) channel display specimen in an adult bone is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1), taking a fresh adult knee joint specimen, performing CT (computed tomography) thin-layer scanning, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, and displaying through a cross section, a coronal plane and a sagittal plane to expose a complete LC (liquid Crystal) channel;

step 2), removing cortical bone, soaking and fixing in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 ℃ for 7-10 days, then soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 30-40 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

step 3), cutting and exposing the knee joint capsule, the proximal tibia and the distal femur, and finding a knee middle artery in the knee joint capsule; dissecting the surface synovial membrane along the middle knee artery via the joint capsule, and exposing to femoral or tibial intercondylar; the medial and lateral condyles of femur or tibia are resected in a deformed way, and the intercondylar part is reserved;

step 4), dissecting along the branch of the knee middle artery to a blood vessel and a bone combination part; after the femoral intercondylar hole and the tibial intercondylar eminence hole in the LC channel are observed, the opening of the protective hole channel is opened, and the nearby cancellous bone is cut open until the hole channel structure and the content in the bone end are exposed;

step 5), placing the exposed bone specimen into a container box, adding resin into the container box, and keeping for 1-2 days until the resin gradually enters the bone specimen;

step 6), putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 2-6 days, removing the container box after the resin is completely hardened, and taking out a specimen fused with the resin into a whole;

and 7) cutting off redundant resin at the edge after the specimen is polymerized and hardened, and then polishing the edge of the specimen by grinding to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

9. A method for manufacturing an intra-bone LC (liquid Crystal) channel display specimen for children is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1), taking a fresh child knee joint specimen, performing CT (computed tomography) thin-layer scanning, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, and displaying through a cross section, a coronal plane and a sagittal plane to expose a complete LC (liquid Crystal) channel;

step 2), removing cortical bone, soaking in 10% formalin fixing solution at 3-5 ℃ for 7-10 days, then soaking in EDTA decalcifying agent for 30-40 days, and replacing the decalcifying agent every other day;

step 3), cutting and exposing the knee joint capsule, the proximal tibia and the distal femur, and finding a knee middle artery in the knee joint capsule; dissecting the surface synovial membrane along the middle knee artery via the joint capsule, and exposing to femoral or tibial intercondylar; the medial and lateral condyles of femur or tibia are resected in a deformed way, and the intercondylar part is reserved;

step 4), dissecting along the branch of the knee middle artery to a blood vessel and a bone combination part; observing that after femoral intercondylar holes and tibial intercondylar eminence holes in the LC channel exist, protecting the opening of the pore channel and dissecting nearby cancellous bone until pore channel structures and contents in epiphysis and metaphysis are exposed, and exposing the passing mode and the longitudinal degree of the pore channel in the epiphysis;

step 5), placing the exposed bone specimen into a container box, adding resin into the container box, and keeping for 1-2 days until the resin gradually enters the bone specimen;

step 6), putting the container box into a constant temperature box at 30 ℃ for 2-4 days, removing the embedding box after the resin is hardened, and taking out a specimen which is fused with the resin into a whole;

and 7) cutting off redundant resin at the edge after the specimen is polymerized and hardened, and then polishing the edge of the specimen by grinding to finish the manufacture of the specimen.

10. The manufacturing method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: the LC passage is a composite structure which exists between femoral condyles and articular cavities, between tibial condyles and articular cavities, and is formed by a bone-end intercondylar orifice-orifice synovium connecting the articular cavities.

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