CN113596921A - Fair adaptive data rate distribution and power control method and system - Google Patents
Fair adaptive data rate distribution and power control method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fair self-adaptive data rate distribution and power control method, which comprises the steps of obtaining data rate distribution which enables all deployed data rates to have equal collision probability; the invention can realize the most fair data rate ratio of equal conflict probability and control the transmission power by deploying the power control scheme generated based on equal data rate distribution, so that the receiving power of all nodes can be balanced in a safe range, thereby realizing fair data extraction rate and simultaneously reducing capture effect. Almost uniform data extraction rates can be achieved for all nodes regardless of the distance of the nodes from the gateway, and the life cycle of the nodes is maintained by not using excessively high transmission power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of low-power-consumption wide area network wireless communication, and particularly relates to a fair self-adaptive data rate distribution and power control method.
Background
LoRa/LoRaWAN is considered one of the low power wide area networks that allows a large number of low cost wireless devices or nodes to be connected in a simple star topology, with thousands of such topologies per unit. Nodes operate with low power consumption and data can be transmitted over long distances. The wide coverage of LoRaWAN is due to its unique modulation scheme, i.e., Long Range (LoRa) modulation, which has a large link budget. LoRa provides a number of transmission parameters: spreading factor, bandwidth, coding rate, and transmission power, which may be adjusted to change the data rate in exchange for range, power consumption, or sensitivity.
LoRa is a low cost implementation of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation proprietary to Semtech corporation, provides long range wireless communication with low power consumption characteristics, and represents the physical layer of the LoRaWAN stack. CSS encodes symbols using wideband Chirps called chirp. The LoRa symbol covers the entire bandwidth, making the modulation robust to channel noise and insensitive to frequency shifts.
LoRaWAN is a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, system architecture and regional specification using LoRa modulation. The LoRaWAN MAC is based on a simple Aloha, LoRa radio that can transmit at any time as long as the spectrum regulations are adhered to. LoRaWAN operates in the Industrial Science and Medicine (ISM) band (868 MHz in Europe) which imposes a duty cycle of no more than 1% on radios which do not employ listen-before-talk. The LoRaWAN system architecture is a simple star topology in which nodes communicate directly with one or more gateways connected to a common network server. The LoRaWAN gateway is typically equipped with multiple LoRa transceivers, and is therefore capable of receiving multiple transmissions on all transmission parameter sets simultaneously. Thus, the LoRa device can transmit data to the network server using any combination of transmission parameters without any pre-configuration.
Recent research on LoRa/LoRaWAN has focused primarily on LoRa performance evaluation, including coverage, capacity, scalability, and lifetime. But almost all of these efforts assume perfectly orthogonal SFs, which results in a higher overall data rate than is practical. Due to distance issues, the acquisition effect, especially imperfect orthogonality of spreading factors, can make LoRaWAN an unfair system. Transmissions from nodes further from the gateway will not be received when they collide with transmissions from nodes closer to the gateway and their received power is significantly lower than that of nodes closer to the gateway. The large link budget of LoRaWAN may cause large power differences in transmissions between near and far nodes, thereby amplifying this effect. Therefore, controlling the received signal power of all nodes is important to achieve fairness.
Furthermore, the prior art does not well investigate the problem of allocating data rates and TPs to achieve data rate fairness in LoRaWAN. Recent studies have proposed transmission parameter allocation methods for LoRaWAN with different goals. For example, there is an expert who proposes a transmission parameter selection method for LoRa to achieve low power consumption at a certain link reliability. Here, the LoRa nodes probe the link using a combination of transmission parameters to determine the link reliability. It then decides whether to select the next combination of detectors based on whether the new combination achieves lower energy consumption while maintaining at least the same link reliability. Finally, from the energy consumption point of view, when the optimum combination is reached, the energy consumption increases considerably and the process will end. Briefly, the problems of the prior art are mainly expressed in the following two aspects: first, the prior art has unreasonable data rates allocated to nodes (specifically, each data rate defined by a combination of spreading factor, bandwidth, and coding rate will experience different bandwidth occupancy durations and thus different collision probabilities; secondly, because of the distance problem, LoRa/LoRaWAN shows the capture effect, only extracts the stronger signal in the conflict signal (particularly, when the transmission of the node far away from the gateway conflicts with the transmission of the node near the gateway, and the receiving power of the far node is obviously lower than that of the near node, the transmission far away from the gateway node cannot be received
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fair self-adaptive data rate distribution and power control method and a system, which can realize the fair conflict probability among all deployed data rates in a LoRaWAN unit, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control method is provided, including:
obtaining a data rate distribution that equalizes the probability of all deployed data rate collisions;
a power work control scheme is generated based on the equal data rate profiles.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the obtaining a data rate distribution that makes all deployed data rate collision probabilities equal specifically includes:
obtaining the fair distribution rate of the spreading factors through a formula (1);
wherein p issf,bwRepresenting the ratio of nodes, p, using a combination of a particular spreading factor sf and bandwidth bwsfRepresents the proportion of nodes using a particular spreading factor sf;
the constraint condition is
With reference to the first aspect, further, the generating a power control scheme based on an equal data rate distribution specifically includes:
sequencing the nodes according to the RSSI of the nodes, and determining the maximum value and the minimum value of the RSSI; determining the maximum transmission power, and deleting other values in the available transmission power list if the maximum transmission power is smaller than the maximum value in the available transmission power list;
the minimum transmission power is allocated to the node with the largest RSSI and the maximum transmission power is allocated to the node with the smallest RSSI, then the minimum RSSI and the maximum RSSI are re-determined accordingly and the available transmission power is allocated according to the RSSI.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the allocating available transmission power according to RSSI specifically includes:
firstly, if the new RSSI of the node is not lower than the minimum RSSI, distributing the minimum transmission power to the high RSSI node, and storing the index of the last node meeting the condition in the minimum power index;
secondly, if the new RSSI plus safety range of the node is not higher than the minimum RSSI, the maximum transmission power is distributed to the low RSSI node, and the index of the last node which accords with the method is stored in the maximum power index;
and finally, as long as the allocation of each transmission power conforms to the rule that the new RSSI plus the safety range is not lower than the first node using the same transmission power, allocating the rest transmission power from low to high to the node between the minimum power index and the maximum power index.
In a second aspect, a fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control system is provided, comprising:
a data rate distribution determination module for obtaining a data rate distribution that equalizes the probability of collision of all deployed data rates;
a power control module to generate a power work control scheme based on the equal data rate distribution.
In a third aspect, a fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control system is provided, comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory is to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of the claims.
Has the advantages that: the fair data rate ratio of equal collision probability can be realized through deployment, and the transmission power is controlled to balance the received power of all nodes in a safe range, so that the fair data extraction rate is realized in the LoRaWAN unit, and the capture effect is reduced. Almost uniform data extraction rates can be achieved for all nodes regardless of the distance of the nodes from the gateway, and the life cycle of the nodes is maintained by not using excessively high transmission power.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method of fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control, comprising the steps of:
step one, obtaining data rate distribution which enables collision probability of all deployed data rates to be equal, specifically:
obtaining the fair distribution rate of the spreading factors through a formula (1);
wherein p issf,bwRepresenting the ratio of nodes, p, using a combination of a particular spreading factor sf and bandwidth bwsfRepresents the proportion of nodes using a particular spreading factor sf;
the constraint condition is
Where SF ({7, …,12}) and BW ({125,250,500}) denote the set of specific spreading factors and wideband, respectively.
Step 2, a transmission power control algorithm scheme is provided, and the non-orthogonal effect of capture and spread spectrum factors is reduced;
the method first ranks the nodes according to their RSSI, and computes the maximum and minimum of the measured RSSI, which represents the safe range of all spreading factors. The algorithm then finds the maximum transmission power, which is the minimum value of the available transmission power parameter, and can reduce the difference between the RSSI limits to within a safe range. If the maximum transmission power is less than the maximum value of the available transmission power parameters, the higher values of the available transmission power parameters will be removed from the list, since they will not be used. This will reduce power consumption and thus extend the life of the node. Next, the algorithm allocates the minimum transmission power to the node with the largest RSSI and the maximum transmission power to the node with the smallest RSSI, and then recalculates the minimum RSSI and the maximum RSSI accordingly. The algorithm then starts to allocate the available transmission power parameters, which can be divided into three steps. First, as long as the new RSSI is not below the minimum RSSI, the minimum transmission power is allocated to the high RSSI node and the index of the last node that conforms to this method is stored in the minimum power index. Secondly, as long as the new RSSI plus safety range is not higher than the minimum RSSI, the maximum transmission power is allocated to the low RSSI node, and the index of the last node that conforms to this method is stored in the maximum power index. Finally, the algorithm allocates the remaining transmission power from low to high to the nodes between the minimum power index and the maximum power index as long as the allocation of each transmission power complies with the rule that the new RSSI plus the safety range is not lower than the first node using the same transmission power.
The running time of the algorithm is linear O (N), where N is the number of nodes per cell. The algorithm only iterates once for all nodes, since the LoRaWAN may support a large number of nodes per cell. Thus, the algorithm informally increases runtime linearly with the number of nodes.
The invention also provides a fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control system, comprising:
a data rate distribution determination module for obtaining a data rate distribution that equalizes the probability of collision of all deployed data rates;
a power control module to generate a power work control scheme based on the equal data rate distribution.
The invention also provides a fair self-adaptive data rate distribution and power control system, which comprises a memory and a processor;
the memory is to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of the claims.
In the invention, the fair data rate ratio of equal collision probability can be realized by deployment, and the transmission power is controlled to balance the received power of all nodes in a safe range, so that the fair data extraction rate is realized in the LoRaWAN unit, and the capture effect is reduced. Almost uniform data extraction rates can be achieved for all nodes regardless of the distance of the nodes from the gateway, and the life cycle of the nodes is maintained by not using excessively high transmission power. And compares the advantages of the present invention with other related art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control, comprising:
obtaining a data rate distribution that equalizes the probability of all deployed data rate collisions;
a power work control scheme is generated based on the equal data rate profiles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the data rate distribution that equalizes the collision probability of all deployed data rates comprises:
obtaining the fair distribution rate of the spreading factors through a formula (1);
wherein p issf,bwRepresenting the ratio of nodes, p, using a particular combination of spreading factor and bandwidth bwsfRepresents the proportion of nodes using a particular spreading factor sf;
the constraint condition is
Wherein SF and BW represent a set of specific spreading factors and wideband, respectively.
3. A fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control method as defined in claim 2, wherein: the method for generating power control scheme based on equal data rate distribution specifically comprises:
sequencing the nodes according to the RSSI of the nodes, and determining the maximum value and the minimum value of the RSSI; determining the maximum transmission power, and deleting other values in the available transmission power list if the maximum transmission power is smaller than the maximum value in the available transmission power list;
the minimum transmission power is allocated to the node with the largest RSSI and the maximum transmission power is allocated to the node with the smallest RSSI, then the minimum RSSI and the maximum RSSI are re-determined accordingly and the available transmission power is allocated according to the RSSI.
4. A fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control method as defined in claim 3, wherein: the allocating the available transmission power according to the RSSI specifically includes:
firstly, if the new RSSI of the node is not lower than the minimum RSSI, distributing the minimum transmission power to the high RSSI node, and storing the index of the last node meeting the condition in the minimum power index;
secondly, if the new RSSI plus safety range of the node is not higher than the minimum RSSI, the maximum transmission power is distributed to the low RSSI node, and the index of the last node which accords with the method is stored in the maximum power index;
and finally, as long as the allocation of each transmission power conforms to the rule that the new RSSI plus the safety range is not lower than the first node using the same transmission power, allocating the rest transmission power from low to high to the node between the minimum power index and the maximum power index.
5. A fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control system, comprising:
a data rate distribution determination module for obtaining a data rate distribution that equalizes the probability of collision of all deployed data rates;
a power control module to generate a power work control scheme based on the equal data rate distribution.
6. A fair adaptive data rate allocation and power control system comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory is to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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- 2021-05-31 CN CN202110598332.4A patent/CN113596921A/en active Pending
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