CN113595631A - Adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device - Google Patents
Adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113595631A CN113595631A CN202110807240.2A CN202110807240A CN113595631A CN 113595631 A CN113595631 A CN 113595631A CN 202110807240 A CN202110807240 A CN 202110807240A CN 113595631 A CN113595631 A CN 113595631A
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
Abstract
The invention provides an adjustable quantum light source generating device, comprising: the system comprises an integrated OAM emitter and a predictable single photon source which are separated in space, wherein the predictable single photon source generates signal photons under the action of pump light; the signal photons are coupled into the integrated OAM transmitter as forecasted photons, converted into an OAM mode by the integrated OAM transmitter and then scattered to a free space; the OAM mode is an order of an OAM mode that dynamically modulates signal photons by adjusting parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter. The invention couples signal photons into the integrated OAM transmitter as forecasted photons, converts the photons into an OAM mode through the integrated OAM transmitter and then scatters the OAM mode to a free space, and realizes the order adjustment of the single photon OAM mode by adjusting the parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter and dynamically regulating and controlling the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons, thereby being capable of considering the design of the transmitter and the light source and having the control flexibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of light quantum information, in particular to an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device.
Background
In recent years, optical quantum information processing has become a focus of research in the field of optical information. The photon state has the advantages of high dimensionality, high safety and high speed, and is suitable for quantum coding, quantum communication, quantum imaging and the like. In order to fully utilize the advantages of the photon quantum state, the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) has attracted extensive attention of researchers as an infinite independent degree of freedom of photons. In the classical optical field, research on OAM has been directed to various aspects of on-chip generation, probing, applications, etc. In the field of quantum optics, research related to OAM optical quantum states has a great development space.
The current OAM-based quantum light sources can be classified into two types, integrated and non-integrated. The scheme development of generating the single photon OAM mode based on the space optical path system is mature, but the integrated quantum light source is the basis for realizing large-scale light quantum information processing. In the prior art, quantum dots are seeded in an integrated OAM transmitter waveguide, and an integrated OAM single photon source scheme is proposed. Since quantum dots need to operate at low temperatures and precise mode matching is required between quantum dots and integrated OAM emitters, the order of the single photon OAM modes in this operation is not adjustable. The order of the fixed OAM mode limits the application advantages of the light source in the field of high-dimensional quantum information processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device, which comprises: a spatially separated integrated OAM transmitter and a predictable single photon source, wherein,
the predictable single photon source generates signal photons under the action of pump light;
the signal photons are coupled into the integrated OAM transmitter as forecasted photons, converted into an OAM mode by the integrated OAM transmitter and then scattered to a free space;
the OAM mode is an order of an OAM mode that dynamically modulates signal photons by adjusting parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the predictable single photon source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in a nonlinear medium, a pair of pump photons is annihilated to generate signal photons and idler photons, the idler photons are used as the predicted photons, and the signal photons are the predicted single photons.
The device for generating the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source is characterized in that the nonlinear medium is a dispersion displacement optical fiber or a silicon wire waveguide.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the integrated OAM emitter extracts whispering gallery modes in the micro-ring cavity from a plurality of downloading waveguides which are evenly distributed in an angular direction, and the whispering gallery modes are emitted into a free space through a concentric ring type scattering grating at the center.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the micro-ring cavity formed by the silicon material serving as the waveguide structure of the silicon waveguide is covered with the titanium electrode, and the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is dynamically adjusted through electrifying and heating the electrode, so that the order of an OAM mode generated by the integrated OAM transmitter is changed.
The adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device according to the invention, wherein the dynamically regulating the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons by adjusting the parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter, comprises:
based on the thermo-optic effect of the silicon waveguide in the integrated OAM transmitter, the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons is dynamically adjusted by electrode heating under the condition that the wavelength of the signal photons is unchanged.
The adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device according to the invention, wherein the dynamically regulating the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons by adjusting the parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter, comprises:
and dynamically regulating and controlling the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons by regulating the voltage applied by the titanium electrode on the integrated OAM transmitter.
The device for generating the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source further comprises a single-photon detector, wherein the single-photon detector is used for performing coincidence counting with the idler photons.
The adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device further comprises a spatial light modulator, wherein the single-photon detector is packaged with a single-mode fiber pigtail, and when the OAM mode of a single photon is detected, the single-photon state of the OAM mode is converted into a Gaussian fundamental mode by the spatial light modulator, and the Gaussian fundamental mode is coupled into the single-photon detector and is coincidently counted with idler frequency photons.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the predictable single photon source is integrated on a chip, the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is aligned to signal photons through thermal adjustment, the signal photons are coupled into the micro-ring cavity, idler photons are coupled out of the chip from the other end through the dispersion displacement optical fiber or the silicon wire waveguide, and the idler photons enter the single photon detector after being filtered.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the integrated OAM emitter and the predictable single photon source which are separated in space are combined, signal photons are coupled into the integrated OAM emitter as forecasted photons and are scattered to a free space after being converted into an OAM mode through the integrated OAM emitter, the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons is adjusted dynamically by adjusting the parameters of the integrated OAM emitter, the order adjustability of the OAM mode of the single photons is achieved, the design of the emitter and the quantum light source can be considered, and the operation and control flexibility is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated OAM transmitter in an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device based on a dispersion-shifted optical fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device based on a silicon wire waveguide provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-chip device structure of an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device provided by the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of two exemplary coincidence counting results in the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device, which comprises: a spatially separated integrated OAM emitter 10 and a predictable single photon source 20, wherein,
the predictable single photon source 20 generates signal photons 21 under the action of the pump light 30;
the signal photons 21 are coupled into the integrated OAM transmitter 10 as forecasted photons, and are converted into an OAM mode by the integrated OAM transmitter 10 and then scattered into a free space;
the OAM mode is an order of OAM modes that dynamically condition signal photons 21 by adjusting parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter 10.
The basic principle of the present invention is to combine a predictable single photon source 20 with an integrated OAM emitter 10 to produce a predictable single photon OAM pattern. The predictable single photon source 20 generates signal and idler photons 22 under the action of the pump light 30, and the signal photons 21 are coupled into the integrated OAM emitter 10 as the predicted photons, and then are converted into an OAM mode by the emitter and then are scattered to a free space. The order of OAM may be dynamically adjusted by heating the electrode 15 by the thermo-optic effect of the silicon waveguide in the integrated OAM transmitter 10, with the wavelength of the signal photons 21 unchanged. The integrated OAM transmitter 10 is the OAM transmitter 10 in fig. 2.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the integrated OAM emitter 10 and the predictable single photon source 20 which are separated in space are combined, signal photons 21 are coupled into the integrated OAM emitter 10 as forecasted photons and are scattered to a free space after being converted into an OAM mode through the integrated OAM emitter 10, the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons 21 is dynamically regulated and controlled by regulating parameters of the integrated OAM emitter 10, the order adjustability of the single photon OAM mode is achieved, the design of the emitter and the light source can be considered, and the operation and control flexibility is achieved.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the predictable single photon source 20 annihilates a pair of pump light 30 to generate a signal photon 21 and an idler photon 22 based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in a nonlinear medium, the idler photon 22 is used as a predicted photon, and the signal photon 21 is the predicted single photon.
The principle of the predictable single photon source 20 is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing action in a nonlinear medium, a pair of pump light 30 is annihilated to generate a signal and an idler photon 22, the idler photon 22 is used as a predicted photon, and the signal photon 21 is a predicted single photon and can be used as a quantum light source. The nonlinear medium used in the present invention may be a Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF) or a silicon wire waveguide, wherein a fully integrated adjustable OAM quantum light source can be realized by using the silicon wire waveguide as the predictable single photon source 20.
The device for generating the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source is characterized in that the nonlinear medium is a dispersion displacement optical fiber or a silicon wire waveguide.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the integrated OAM transmitter 10 extracts whispering gallery modes in the micro-ring cavity from a plurality of download waveguides 12 which are distributed uniformly in an angular direction, and transmits the whispering gallery modes into a free space through a concentric ring type scattering grating 14 in the center.
In the present invention, the integrated OAM transmitter 10 functions as a mode switch and is structured as shown in fig. 1. The working principle is based on the characteristic that the whispering gallery mode inherently carries orbital angular momentum, the whispering gallery mode in the micro-ring cavity is extracted by 32 download waveguides 12 which are evenly distributed in an angular direction, and the whispering gallery mode is emitted into a free space by means of a concentric ring-shaped scattering grating 14 at the center. All waveguide structures are made of silicon materials, the micro-ring cavity is covered with a titanium electrode 15, and the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is dynamically adjusted by means of electrifying and heating the electrode 15, so that the order of an OAM mode generated by the transmitter is changed.
According to the tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the micro-ring cavity (i.e., the micro-ring resonant cavity 11 in fig. 1) formed by the silicon material as the waveguide structure of the silicon waveguide is covered with the titanium electrode 15, and the electrode 15 is electrified to heat and dynamically adjust the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring cavity, so as to change the order of the OAM mode generated by the integrated OAM transmitter 10.
The device for generating an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source according to the present invention, wherein the dynamically adjusting the order of the OAM mode of signal photons 21 by adjusting the parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter 10, comprises:
the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons 21 is dynamically adjusted by the electrode 15 heating under the condition that the wavelength of the signal photons 21 is unchanged, based on the thermo-optical effect of the silicon waveguide in the integrated OAM transmitter 10.
The device for generating an adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source according to the present invention, wherein the dynamically adjusting the order of the OAM mode of signal photons 21 by adjusting the parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter 10, comprises:
by adjusting the voltage applied across the integrated OAM transmitter 10, the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons 21 is dynamically modulated.
The device for generating the quantum light source with the adjustable orbital angular momentum further comprises a single-photon detector 40, wherein the single-photon detector 40 is used for performing coincidence counting with the idler photons 22. The single photon detector 40 comprises a coincidence counting module, and in the invention, the coincidence counting and CAR (coincidence to additive ratio) result is more than 1, which can prove that a single photon OAM mode is generated.
The adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device further comprises a spatial light modulator 50, wherein the single photon detector 40 is packaged with a single mode fiber pigtail, and when detecting the OAM mode of a single photon, the spatial light modulator 50 is used for converting the single photon state of the OAM mode into a gaussian-based mode, and the gaussian-based mode is coupled into the single photon detector 40 and is coincidently counted with the idler photons 22.
According to the adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device, the predictable single photon source 20 is integrated on a chip, the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is aligned to the signal photon 21 through thermal modulation, the signal photon 21 is coupled into the micro-ring cavity, the idler photon 22 is coupled out of the chip from the other end through a dispersion displacement optical fiber or a silicon wire waveguide, and the filtered idler photon enters the single photon detector 40.
To further illustrate specific embodiments of the tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device of the present invention, specific examples are provided below:
as shown in fig. 2, the dispersion-shifted fiber generates signal photons 21 and idler photons 22 under the pumping of the pulse laser, the two photons are divided into two paths by a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM), wherein the idler photons 22 directly enter the single photon detector 40, the signal photons 21 are integrated with the OAM emitter 10 and converted into an OAM mode, and the order of the single photon OAM mode can be dynamically adjusted by adjusting the voltage applied to the titanium electrode of the emitter. Because the single-photon detector 40 adopted in the experiment is packaged with the single-mode fiber pigtail, when the single-photon OAM mode is detected, the single-photon state in the OAM mode is converted into the Gaussian fundamental mode by the spatial light modulator 50, and then the Gaussian fundamental mode is coupled into the single-photon detector 40 to be coincidently counted with the idler photons 22. And the generation of the single photon OAM mode is proved by obvious coincidence counting peaks.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the predictable single photon source 20 based on silicon wire waveguide can be directly integrated on a chip, realizing a fully integrated adjustable OAM quantum light source. A schematic diagram of the on-chip device structure is shown in fig. 4, where signal photons 21 and idler photons 22 are generated simultaneously and enter the bus waveguide 13 together. The resonance wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is aligned with the signal photon 21 by thermal modulation, at this time, the signal photon 21 is coupled into the micro-ring cavity, the idler photon 22 is coupled out of the chip from the other end through the bus waveguide 13, and enters the single photon detector 40 after being filtered. The mode conversion and verification of signal photons 21 into the integrated OAM transmitter 10 is the same as in the first embodiment.
Fig. 5 shows two typical coincidence counting results in 30 minutes, with the corresponding OAM pattern orders being 4 th and 6 th, respectively. There are distinct coincidence counting peaks in the graph, corresponding to peaks 25 and 24, respectively. From the test results, the CAR for the two patterns can be calculated to be 6.88 and 9.5, respectively.
CAR (coincidence counts to coincidence counts ratio). Occasional coincidences are caused by noise. When the forecastable single photon source is evaluated, CAR is larger than 1, the fact that a signal of the light source and an idler frequency photon have time correlation is proved, the time correlation is stronger when CAR is larger, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the forecastable light source is higher.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An adjustable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device, comprising: a spatially separated integrated OAM transmitter and a predictable single photon source, wherein,
the predictable single photon source generates signal photons under the action of pump light;
the signal photons are coupled into the integrated OAM transmitter as forecasted photons, converted into an OAM mode by the integrated OAM transmitter and then scattered to a free space;
the OAM mode is an order of an OAM mode that dynamically modulates signal photons by adjusting parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter.
2. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device of claim 1, wherein the predictable single photon source annihilates a pair of pump photons to generate a signal photon and an idler photon based on spontaneous four-wave mixing effect in the nonlinear medium, and the idler photon is used as a predicted photon, and the signal photon is the predicted single photon.
3. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device according to claim 2, wherein the nonlinear medium is a dispersion shifted fiber or a silicon wire waveguide.
4. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device of claim 3, wherein the integrated OAM transmitter extracts whispering gallery modes in the micro-ring cavity from a number of download waveguides distributed angularly uniformly, and transmits into free space via a central concentric ring-type diffusion grating.
5. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device according to claim 4, wherein the micro-ring cavity formed by the silicon material serving as the waveguide structure of the silicon waveguide is covered with a titanium electrode, and the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is dynamically adjusted by electrifying and heating the electrode, so that the order of the OAM mode generated by the integrated OAM transmitter is changed.
6. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device of claim 1, wherein the dynamically adjusting the order of the OAM modes of signal photons by adjusting parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter comprises:
based on the thermo-optic effect of the silicon waveguide in the integrated OAM transmitter, the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons is dynamically adjusted by electrode heating under the condition that the wavelength of the signal photons is unchanged.
7. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device of claim 1, wherein the dynamically adjusting the order of the OAM modes of signal photons by adjusting parameters of the integrated OAM transmitter comprises:
the order of the OAM mode of the signal photons is dynamically modulated by adjusting the voltage applied on the titanium electrode of the integrated OAM transmitter.
8. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generation device of claim 2, further comprising a single-photon detector for coincidence counting with the idler photons.
9. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device according to claim 8, further comprising a spatial light modulator, wherein the single photon detector is packaged with a single mode fiber pigtail, and when detecting the OAM mode of a single photon, the spatial light modulator is utilized to convert the single photon state of the OAM mode into a gaussian-based mode, and the gaussian-based mode is coupled into the single photon detector and performs coincidence counting with an idler photon.
10. The tunable orbital angular momentum quantum light source generating device of claim 8, wherein the predictable single photon source is integrated on a chip, the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring cavity is aligned with signal photons by thermal tuning, the signal photons are coupled into the micro-ring cavity, the idler photons are coupled out of the chip from the other end through a dispersion shifted fiber or bus waveguide, and the filtered idler photons enter the single photon detector.
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