CN113595146A - 一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统 - Google Patents

一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统 Download PDF

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CN113595146A
CN113595146A CN202111031876.9A CN202111031876A CN113595146A CN 113595146 A CN113595146 A CN 113595146A CN 202111031876 A CN202111031876 A CN 202111031876A CN 113595146 A CN113595146 A CN 113595146A
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protection
energy storage
monitoring
power
direct current
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陈敬欣
马明
尹丽华
苏红月
代松
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Baoding Jiasheng Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd
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Baoding Jiasheng Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

本发明公开一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，包括由发电单元监测、储能单元监测、负荷单元监测和统计分析形成的组态监控平台；由储能系统保护、光伏发电系统保护和低压用户侧保护形成的分布式电源保护；在电源进线处安装双向表计，在磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能处安装双向电表，在微网与终端用户之间安装单项表计形成的计量系统；本发明通过组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统合理协调电源、负荷和储能设备，实现离网运行期间有功功率和无功功率的平衡，并逐步切除部分非重要负荷，保证对重要负荷的可靠供电，并最大程度提高系统的灵活性和智能性，适应系统的扩展性需求。

Description

一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及微电网技术领域，尤其涉及一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统。
背景技术
微电网也译为微网，是指由分布式电源、储能装置、能量转换装置、负荷、监控和保护装置等组成的小型发配电系统，微电网的提出旨在实现分布式电源的灵活、高效应用，解决数量庞大、形式多样的分布式电源并网问题，开发和延伸微电网能够充分促进分布式电源与可再生能源的大规模接入，实现对负荷多种能源形式的高可靠供给，是实现主动式配电网的一种有效方式，使传统电网向智能电网过渡；
现有的微网系统功能少，且在配网设备故障时无法自行合理调控，造成一些重要设备的断电停用，同时也无法最大化利用能量，造成能源浪费，因此，本发明提出一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的在于提出一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，该光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统通过组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统合理协调电源、负荷和储能设备，实现离网运行期间有功功率和无功功率的平衡，并逐步切除部分非重要负荷，保证对重要负荷的可靠供电，并最大程度提高系统的灵活性和智能性，适应系统的扩展性需求。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，包括组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统，所述组态监控平台包括发电单元监测、储能单元监测、负荷单元监测和统计分析；
所述分布式电源保护包括储能系统保护、光伏发电系统保护和低压用户侧保护；
所述计量系统在电源进线处安装双向表计来计量微网与电网之间的电费结算，在磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能处安装双向电表来计量充放电电量，在微网与终端用户之间安装单项表计。
进一步改进在于：所述微网监控管理系统从微网集中控制层、分布式电源和负荷就地控制层进行综合管理和控制，并采用在线组态方式，系统根据用户绘制的图形生成网络拓扑结构和节点连接关系，并直接通过选择图元关联数据库，实现各组态元件的即插即用。
进一步改进在于：所述磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能组成储能系统，储能系统中还包含储能逆变器，储能逆变器的交流侧为380V交流母线，直流侧为750V直流母线。
进一步改进在于：所述微网监控管理系统在各单元新建、扩容、退出或投运时，系统自组织、灵活地识别已存或新建单元，重新形成协调控制策略和能量优化方案。
进一步改进在于：所述发电单元监测用以监测及显示各发电单元的电压、电流和发电功率运行参数及运行状态；
所述储能单元监测用以监测及显示各储能单元的电压、电流、充电功率、放电功率和荷电状态运行参数及运行状态，并下发储能控制器操作指令；
所述负荷单元监测用以监测及显示负荷单元类型、负荷名称、负荷功率和累计用电量运行参数及运行状态；
所述统计分析用以将数据管理与操作以图、表和文字多种灵活丰富的形式进行可视化展示，并基于分析与统计功能进行各种能量管理决策的处理。
进一步改进在于：所述储能系统保护包含电网欠过电压保护、电网欠过频保护、孤岛效应保护、输出短路保护、直流反接保护、防反放电保护、蓄电池过充过放保护、硬件故障保护、变压器过温保护、模块过温保护、接触器故障保护、三相不平衡保护、相位保护和过载保护。
进一步改进在于：所述光伏发电系统保护包含极性反接保护、短路保护、过载保护、孤岛效应保护、电网过欠压、电网过欠频保护、过热保护、接地故障、潮流计算与保护和防逆流保护。
进一步改进在于：所述低压用户侧保护是在0.4kV出线设置过流保护和欠压保护，并配置过负荷保护和选择性设定用户负荷容量及漏电保护。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明通过组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统合理协调电源、负荷和储能设备，实现离网运行期间有功功率和无功功率的平衡，并逐步切除部分非重要负荷，保证对重要负荷的可靠供电，并最大程度提高系统的灵活性和智能性，适应系统的扩展性需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1微网监控管理系统架构图。
图2为本发明实施例2实施方案架构图。
图3为本发明实施例2硬件配置架构图。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例对本发明做进一步详述，本实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
根据图1所示，本实施例提供了一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，包括组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统，所述微网监控管理系统从微网集中控制层、分布式电源和负荷就地控制层进行综合管理和控制，并采用在线组态方式，系统根据用户绘制的图形生成网络拓扑结构和节点连接关系，并直接通过选择图元关联数据库，实现各组态元件的即插即用。
所述磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能组成储能系统，储能系统中还包含储能逆变器，储能逆变器的交流侧为380V交流母线，直流侧为750V直流母线。
所述微网监控管理系统在各单元新建、扩容、退出或投运时，系统自组织、灵活地识别已存或新建单元，重新形成协调控制策略和能量优化方案。
所述组态监控平台包括发电单元监测、储能单元监测、负荷单元监测和统计分析，其中：
所述发电单元监测用以监测及显示各发电单元的电压、电流和发电功率运行参数及运行状态；
所述储能单元监测用以监测及显示各储能单元的电压、电流、充电功率、放电功率和荷电状态运行参数及运行状态，并下发储能控制器操作指令；
所述负荷单元监测用以监测及显示负荷单元类型、负荷名称、负荷功率和累计用电量运行参数及运行状态；
所述统计分析用以将数据管理与操作以图、表和文字多种灵活丰富的形式进行可视化展示，并基于分析与统计功能进行各种能量管理决策的处理。
所述分布式电源保护包括储能系统保护、光伏发电系统保护和低压用户侧保护，其中：
所述计量系统在电源进线处安装双向表计来计量微网与电网之间的电费结算，在磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能处安装双向电表来计量充放电电量，在微网与终端用户之间安装单项表计。
所述储能系统保护包含电网欠过电压保护、电网欠过频保护、孤岛效应保护、输出短路保护、直流反接保护、防反放电保护、蓄电池过充过放保护、硬件故障保护、变压器过温保护、模块过温保护、接触器故障保护、三相不平衡保护、相位保护和过载保护。
所述光伏发电系统保护包含极性反接保护、短路保护、过载保护、孤岛效应保护、电网过欠压、电网过欠频保护、过热保护、接地故障、潮流计算与保护和防逆流保护。
所述低压用户侧保护是在0.4kV出线设置过流保护和欠压保护，并配置过负荷保护和选择性设定用户负荷容量及漏电保护；
实施例2
根据图2、3所示，本实施例提供了一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，包括：
分布式电源系统，采用光伏电站和柴油发电机组，光伏电站由两台光伏变流器构成，柴油发电机组在电网无电，储能耗尽时启动，确保负荷的不间断运行，同时在研究分布式光伏渗透率时用以模拟普通的同步发电机组运行，两台光伏变流器和柴油发电机组有能量管理系统通过以太网的IEC104协议来监控。
储能系统，采用磷酸铁锂电池储能和永磁同步飞轮储能，还包含储能逆变器，储能逆变器在并网运作时做功率闭环运行，在离网运行时做电压闭环运行，储能逆变器的交流侧为380V交流母线，直流侧为750V直流母线，并网运行时储能逆变器在规模较大的微网系统配置低/高压穿越模式，在规模较小的微网系统配置不间断运行两种模式；离网运行时储能逆变器以电压源运行；
储能逆变器在离网运行时配置各种负载类型和电源类型，内置特殊的算法应对三相不平衡负载和非线性负载，确保微网电压的电能质量，同时具备供电续航时间预测功能；
所述储能逆变器还配置一台小型逆变器，用于储能逆变器从储能侧黑启动，黑启动时小型逆变器对交流接触器和控制电路的辅助电源供电；
磷酸铁锂电池储能包括磷酸铁锂电池和电池管理系统，所述磷酸铁锂电池采用三层控制结构，第一层为单体电池控制结构，第二层为电池簇控制结构，第三层为电池阵列控制结构；
电池管理系统无论是在电池的充电过程还是放电过程，都能可靠的完成电池状态的实时监控和故障诊断，并通过总线的方式告知储能系统的监控系统，以便采用更加合理的控制策略，达到有效且高效使用电池的目的；
其具有模拟测量功能：实时测量电池组串电压、充放电电流、温度和单体电池端电压、电池极柱温度、漏电监测等参数；
高精度SOC及SOH估算：计算蓄电池成组单元和蓄电池分系统的SOC值(Ah、kwh)、SOH值(％)，蓄电池分系统的充电、放电电能量值(kWh)等，可计算、评估蓄电池成组单元、蓄电池分系统的最大充电电流、最大放电电流等，且具有掉电保持功能，具备上传监控系统的功能；
高效双向自适应无损耗主动平衡：通过可靠的电池信息的采集和处理，利用多重控制策略及控制算法，在电池组内部电池单体间和电池模块间实现双向自适应主动均衡，均衡电流大于5A，实现能量高效转移，进而实现电池组内电池一致性和模块间一致性，保证电池系统使用寿命及可用容量；
运行参数智能可控：通过监控系统进行设定，参数包括但不限于单体电池充电上限电压、单体电池放电下限电压、电池运行最高温度、电池运行最低温度、电池组串过流门限和电池组串短路保护门限；
电池运行报警功能：在电池系统运行出现过压、欠压、过流、高温、低温、漏电、通信异常、电池管理系统异常等情况时，电池管理系统上报告警信息，通知PCS及后台监控系统，以及时改变系统运行策略；
远程和就地操作功能：具备远程及就地切断直流断路器、接触器的能力，并具有远程/就地切换开关；
电池系统保护功能：在电池系统运行时，如果电池的电压、电流、温度等模拟量出现超过安全保护门限的情况时，电池管理系统及时发送信息使PCS停机；
统计功能：具有电池充、放电次数的统计功能，并具有掉电保持功能；
对视功能：具备对时功能，接受IRIG-B(DC)码来满足对时要求；
通讯功能：具有高性能、高可靠性、实时性的通讯能力，保证庞大数据量上传及指令下发的准确性和及时性。
永磁同步飞轮储能是一种机电能量转换的储能装置，突破了化学电池的局限，用物理方法实现储能，通过电动/发电互逆式双向电机，电能与高速运转飞轮的机械动能之间的相互转换与储存，并通过调频、整流、恒压与不同类型的负载接口。
储能时，电能通过电力转换器变换后驱动电机运行，电机带动飞轮加速转动，飞轮以动能的形式把能量储存起来，完成电能到机械能转换的储存能量过程，能量储存在高速旋转的飞轮体中；之后，电机维持一个恒定的转速，直到接收到一个能量释放的控制信号；释能时，高速旋转的飞轮拖动电机发电，经电力转换器输出适用于负载的电流与电压，完成机械能到电能转换的释放能量过程，整个飞轮储能系统实现了电能的输入、储存和输出过程。
飞轮储能由飞轮本体、轴承、电动/发电机、电力转换器和真空室五个主要组件构成。
能量管理系统，由操作台、应用服务器、Scada主备服务器和加密认证装置构成，采用光纤以太网与电网调度通讯，财通以太网与内部设备通讯，通讯协议采用IEC104规约；
能量管理系统支持用户设置或调度设置发电预测数据以及用电预测数据，根据各个机组的限制情况，运行单纯形法来计算调度指令以实现经济运行；
能量管理系统的并网运行时管理模式包括：
恒定功率交换模式：将微电网与市电连接处的馈线功率调整为常量或调度指定值；
削峰填谷模式：当负荷高峰期功率需求超出发电量较大时，储能系统释放能量，实现削峰优化运行；当负荷低谷期功率需求较小而光伏的发电量较高时，储能系统存储能量，实现填谷优化运行；
平抑功率波动模式：平抑可再生能源发电量波动，减少光伏功率波动对微电网运行造成的不利影响；
功率直控模式：支持手动输入功率调度指令，为储能系统紧急状态干预、临时性人工调度等应用需求提供在线、友好的信息交互。
独立运行时管理模式包括蓄电池储能工作在电压/频率控制模式，建立并维持系统电压及频率，在电源、负荷等单元功率波动的情况下，自动平衡微电网功率流动，系统轻载时，光伏在发电高峰期所产生的剩余电能由储能系统储存；
光伏发电功率不能满足负荷需求或市电长时间故障时，蓄电池储能容量无法长时间支撑微电网的电力供应，各储能单元可以依据自身容量比例分担负荷，提供部分功率补偿。
微网监控管理系统，由组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统组成；
微网监控管理系统从微网集中控制层、分布式电源和负荷就地控制层进行综合管理和控制，并采用在线组态方式，系统根据用户绘制的图形生成网络拓扑结构和节点连接关系，并直接通过选择图元关联数据库，实现各组态元件的即插即用；
组态监控平台包括发电单元监测：监测及显示各发电单元的电压、电流、发电功率等运行参数，以及运行状态；
储能单元监测：监测及显示各储能单元的电压、电流、充电功率、放电功率、荷电状态等运行参数，以及运行状态；下发储能控制器操作指令，包括充放电功率等；
负荷单元监测：监测及显示负荷单元类型(如敏感负荷、可控负荷以及可切负荷等)、负荷名称、负荷功率、累计用电量等运行参数，以及运行状态；
统计分析：以图、表、文字等多种形式提供灵活丰富的可视化内容，实现直观、简洁、方便地数据管理与操作，基于分析与统计功能，实现各种能量管理决策。
所述分布式电源保护包括储能系统保护：配置电网欠过电压保护、电网欠过频保护、孤岛效应保护、输出短路保护、直流反接保护、防反放电保护、蓄电池过充过放保护(直流过欠压保护)、硬件故障保护、变压器过温保护、模块过温保护、接触器故障保护、三相不平衡保护、相位保护和过载保护；
光伏发电系统保护：配置极性反接保护、短路保护、过载保护、孤岛效应保护、电网过欠压、电网过欠频保护、过热保护、接地故障、潮流计算与保护、防逆流保护；
低压用户侧保护：在0.4kV出线设置过流保护，欠压保护。在低压用户侧配置保护功能包括：过负荷保护，可选择性设定用户负荷容量、漏电保护。
微网系统与电网之间能量存在双向流动的情况。当分布式电源富余时需要向电网卖电；当发电用电负荷匹配较好时，储能系统可以挪用部分容量来填谷削峰，赚取电价差；当分布式发电资源不足是需要从电网取电。考虑上述情形，在电源进线处安装双向表计来计量微网与电网之间的电费结算，在磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能处安装双向电表来计量充放电电量，在微网与终端用户之间安装单项表计。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (8)

1.一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于包括组态监控平台、分布式电源保护和计量系统，所述组态监控平台包括发电单元监测、储能单元监测、负荷单元监测和统计分析；
所述分布式电源保护包括储能系统保护、光伏发电系统保护和低压用户侧保护；
所述计量系统在电源进线处安装双向表计来计量微网与电网之间的电费结算，在磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能处安装双向电表来计量充放电电量，在微网与终端用户之间安装单项表计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述微网监控管理系统从微网集中控制层、分布式电源和负荷就地控制层进行综合管理和控制，并采用在线组态方式，系统根据用户绘制的图形生成网络拓扑结构和节点连接关系，并直接通过选择图元关联数据库，实现各组态元件的即插即用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述磷酸铁锂电储能和永磁同步飞轮储能组成储能系统，储能系统中还包含储能逆变器，储能逆变器的交流侧为380V交流母线，直流侧为750V直流母线。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述微网监控管理系统在各单元新建、扩容、退出或投运时，系统自组织、灵活地识别已存或新建单元，重新形成协调控制策略和能量优化方案。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述发电单元监测用以监测及显示各发电单元的电压、电流和发电功率运行参数及运行状态；
所述储能单元监测用以监测及显示各储能单元的电压、电流、充电功率、放电功率和荷电状态运行参数及运行状态，并下发储能控制器操作指令；
所述负荷单元监测用以监测及显示负荷单元类型、负荷名称、负荷功率和累计用电量运行参数及运行状态；
所述统计分析用以将数据管理与操作以图、表和文字多种灵活丰富的形式进行可视化展示，并基于分析与统计功能进行各种能量管理决策的处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述储能系统保护包含电网欠过电压保护、电网欠过频保护、孤岛效应保护、输出短路保护、直流反接保护、防反放电保护、蓄电池过充过放保护、硬件故障保护、变压器过温保护、模块过温保护、接触器故障保护、三相不平衡保护、相位保护和过载保护。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述光伏发电系统保护包含极性反接保护、短路保护、过载保护、孤岛效应保护、电网过欠压、电网过欠频保护、过热保护、接地故障、潮流计算与保护和防逆流保护。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏储能直流智能微网监控管理系统，其特征在于：所述低压用户侧保护是在0.4kV出线设置过流保护和欠压保护，并配置过负荷保护和选择性设定用户负荷容量及漏电保护。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114552608A (zh) * 2022-04-13 2022-05-27 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司 基于储能系统充放电的三相不平衡治理方法及相关装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114552608A (zh) * 2022-04-13 2022-05-27 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司 基于储能系统充放电的三相不平衡治理方法及相关装置
CN114552608B (zh) * 2022-04-13 2023-10-13 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司 基于储能系统充放电的三相不平衡治理方法及相关装置

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