CN113595105A - Method and system for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing adiabatic compressed air energy storage - Google Patents

Method and system for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing adiabatic compressed air energy storage Download PDF

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CN113595105A
CN113595105A CN202110857398.0A CN202110857398A CN113595105A CN 113595105 A CN113595105 A CN 113595105A CN 202110857398 A CN202110857398 A CN 202110857398A CN 113595105 A CN113595105 A CN 113595105A
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generator
heat exchanger
compressed air
power grid
turbine
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CN113595105B (en
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苗世洪
韩佶
尹斌鑫
杨炜晨
姚福星
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing adiabatic compressed air energy storage, and belongs to the field of power grid frequency modulation. The method comprises the following steps: when the adiabatic compressed air is in the discharge state, the pressure p of the air flowing into the turbine is controlled according to the change state of the grid frequencyaRegulating the generator electromagnetic power P of a generatorg,eRestoring the power grid frequency to normal; by controlling the hot water mass flow mwSo that the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchangershTracking the reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger all the timesh,ref. The invention controls the mass flow m of hot waterwSo that the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchangershTracking the reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger all the timesh,refThereby enabling the transportation of A-CAESThe line efficiency is always higher in the frequency modulation process; the invention is only required to control the air pressure p flowing into the turbineaTo regulate the generator electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eTherefore, the frequency modulation of the power grid is realized, and the technical means is simple.

Description

Method and system for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing adiabatic compressed air energy storage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power grid frequency modulation, and particularly relates to a method and a system for realizing power grid frequency modulation by using adiabatic compressed air energy storage.
Background
With the continuous consumption of fossil fuels and the continuous deterioration of natural environment, renewable energy sources represented by wind power are developed and applied on a large scale. Because wind power does not have the characteristic of automatically realizing frequency response, the stability of the power grid frequency is greatly influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to fully utilize the existing frequency modulation resources of the power grid, and not disconnect new frequency modulation resources to maintain the frequency stability of the power grid.
The existing power grid generally adopts a thermal power generating unit to carry out frequency modulation, and the method responds to the frequency change of the power grid through a speed regulator of the thermal power generating unit so as to realize the frequency modulation of the power grid. This approach has been in operation on the grid for many years and has achieved satisfactory results. However, the thermal power generating units are generally powered by fossil energy, and in recent years, with the continuous off-shelf storage of fossil energy, the situation of global energy crisis is becoming more serious, and the problem of environmental pollution gradually receives international attention, the proportion of the thermal power generating units in the power grid is continuously reduced, so that the frequency modulation capacity in the power grid is continuously reduced. The A-CAES has the advantages of large capacity, no pollution, no need of fossil energy and the like, and can become an important frequency modulation resource in a future power grid.
At present, the research on the participation of A-CAES in grid frequency modulation is still in the primary stage. Although researchers have studied methods of participating in grid frequency modulation by a-CAES, these methods do not address the efficiency of participating in grid frequency modulation by a-CAES. In other words, although the existing method enables the A-CAES to participate in the grid frequency modulation, the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger during the frequency modulation processshNot actively controlled, but once TshLower, will directly affect the efficiency of a-CAES in the frequency modulation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks and needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for implementing grid frequency modulation using adiabatic compressed air energy storage, which aims to improve the efficiency of a-CAES in implementing grid frequency modulation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for realizing power grid frequency modulation by using adiabatic compressed air energy storage, which comprises the following steps:
s1, when the adiabatic compressed air is in an energy storage and discharge state, controlling the air pressure p flowing into a turbine according to the change state of the power grid frequencyaRegulating the generator electromagnetic power P of a generatorg,eRestoring the power grid frequency to normal;
s2, controlling the mass flow m of hot waterwSo that the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchangershTracking the reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger all the timesh,ref。
Further, step S1 is to control p when the grid frequency decreasesaImprove the generator electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eReducing the frequency reduction amplitude; when the frequency of the power grid rises, by controlling paReducing generator electromagnetic power P of generatorg,eAnd the frequency increase amplitude is reduced.
Further, by controlling the air pressure p flowing into the turbineaRegulating the generator electromagnetic power P of a generatorg,eSpecifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
obtaining measured value p of air pressure flowing into turbineaThe measured value P of the electromagnetic power of the generatorg,eElectromagnetic power reference value P of generatorg,e,refGenerator speed omegagAnd generator speed reference value omegag,ref；
Setting paUpper limit parameter p ofa,maxLower limit parameter pa,minGenerator regulation parameter mugProportional gain parameter k of generator speed regulatort,pAnd integral gain parameter k of generator speed regulatort,i；
Measured value p of air pressure when flowing into turbineaWhen the expected requirement is not met, the obtained generator speed omega is utilizedgGenerator speed reference value omegag,refElectromagnetic power reference value P of generatorg,e,refAnd generator tunerNodal parameter mugObtaining the electromagnetic power comparison value of the generator
Figure BDA0003184665510000021
Will be provided with
Figure BDA0003184665510000022
And the measured value P of the electromagnetic power of the generatorg,eComparing the two values, and inputting the error of the two values into kt,pAnd kt,iIn a corresponding PI controller, and by paUpper and lower limit parameters p ofa,maxAnd pa,minGenerating air pressure paInputting it into turbine; continuously regulating p by the above processaUp to
Figure BDA0003184665510000023
And Pg,eAre equal.
Further, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic power ratio of the generator is as follows:
Figure BDA0003184665510000031
further, in step S2, specifically,
obtaining the measured value m of the mass flow of the hot water flowing into the heat exchangerwMeasured value T of air temperature flowing out of heat exchangershReference value T of air temperature flowing out of heat exchangersh,ref；
Setting mwUpper limit parameter m ofw,maxLower limit parameter mw,minProportional gain parameter k of temperature controllerh,pIntegral gain parameter k of temperature controllerh,i；
Measured value m of mass flow of hot water flowing into heat exchangerwWhen the expected requirement is not met, the measured value T of the air temperature flowing out of the heat exchangershWith reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchangersh,refComparing the two values, and inputting the error of the two values into kh,pAnd kh,iThe corresponding PI controller;
will kh,pAnd kh,iThe output of the corresponding PI controller divided by the generator speed ωgWith generator speed reference value omegag,refAnd by mwUpper and lower limit parameters mw,maxAnd mw,minProducing hot water mass flow mwInputting the heat exchange fluid into a heat exchanger;
continuously adjusting m by the above processwUp to TshAnd Tsh,refAre equal.
Further, the adiabatic compressed air energy storage comprises: the system comprises a turbine, a generator, a heat exchanger, a generator speed regulator and a temperature controller;
the turbine is used for converting the internal energy of the air into kinetic energy and pushing the generator connected with the turbine;
the generator is used for converting kinetic energy into electric energy;
the heat exchanger is used for releasing the internal energy of the hot water to the compressed air, so that the energy storage efficiency of the compressed air is ensured, and the compressed air flows into the turbine to drive the turbine to do work;
the generator speed regulator is used for regulating the electromagnetic power of the generator;
and the temperature controller is used for controlling the air temperature of the heat exchanger.
In general, the above technical solutions contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art.
(1) The operating efficiency of the A-CAES is always higher in the frequency modulation process; by controlling the hot water mass flow mwSo that the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchangershTracking the reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger all the timesh,refThe operating efficiency of the A-CAES is always higher in the frequency modulation process.
(2) The invention has simple technical means; by controlling only the pressure p of the air flowing into the turbineaTo regulate the generator electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eThereby realizing the frequency modulation of the power grid; furthermore, only the hot water mass flow m needs to be controlledwThe operating efficiency of the A-CAES can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the A-CAES control provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a connection relationship diagram of the turbine, the heat exchanger and the generator in the A-CAES provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The energy storage technology is considered to be one of the most effective means for solving the problem of large-scale consumption of renewable energy and improving the operation economy and safety of a power grid, and is widely applied to power grid frequency modulation in recent years. Among various Energy Storage technologies, Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (a-CAES) has attracted attention because of its characteristics of large capacity, long service life, low cost, cleanness, environmental protection, multi-Energy combined Storage/combined supply, superior frequency response capability, etc., and is considered as one of large-scale Energy Storage technologies with great development potential, and can be used as a new frequency modulation resource for power grids in the future.
The invention provides a method for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing an A-CAES (active-vehicle energy storage) when the A-CAES works in a discharging state, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring operating parameters of A-CAES for frequency modulation in a discharge state, comprising the following steps: measured value p of air pressure flowing into turbineaThe measured value P of the electromagnetic power of the generatorg,eElectromagnetic power reference value P of generatorg,e,refGenerator speed omegagGenerator speed reference value omegag,refMass flow m of hot water flowing into the heat exchangerwTemperature T of air flowing out of heat exchangershReference value T of air temperature flowing out of heat exchangersh,ref；
Setting limiting parameters for frequency modulation by A-CAES in a discharge state, comprising: m iswUpper limit parameter m ofw,max、mwLower limit of (2)Number mw,min、paUpper limit parameter p ofa,max、paLower limit parameter pa,min；
Setting control parameters for frequency modulation of the A-CAES in a discharge state, comprising: generator regulation parameter mugProportional gain parameter k of generator speed regulatort,pIntegral gain parameter k of generator speed regulatort,iProportional gain parameter k of temperature controllerh,pIntegral gain parameter k of temperature controllerh,i。
S2, controlling the A-CAES in a discharge state mainly by controlling paTo regulate the generator electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eThereby realizing the frequency modulation of the power grid.
Specifically, when the frequency of the power grid is reduced, the electromagnetic power is required to be increased by the power grid to enable the frequency to be recovered to be normal, and the method is used for controlling paTo increase the electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eTherefore, the frequency change is responded, and the frequency reduction amplitude is reduced, so that the frequency modulation when the frequency of the power grid is reduced is realized; when the frequency of the power grid rises, the electromagnetic power of the power grid needs to be reduced to enable the frequency to be recovered to be normal, and the method is characterized in that p is controlledaTo reduce the generator electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eTherefore, the frequency change is responded, the frequency increasing amplitude is reduced, and the frequency modulation when the frequency of the power grid rises is achieved.
Wherein, the relation of linking the turbine, the heat exchanger and the generator is shown in figure 2, the turbine: also called an expander or turbine, which functions to transform the internal energy of air into kinetic energy by expansion, to propel an electric generator connected thereto, and to transform the kinetic energy into electric energy.
A generator: the turbine drives a generator connected with the turbine to convert kinetic energy into electric energy.
A heat exchanger: the hot water enters the heat exchanger, releases internal energy to compressed air, ensures that the temperature of the compressed air is always in a higher state, ensures the energy storage efficiency of the compressed air, and the compressed air flows into the turbine to drive the turbine to do work, and then the turbine drives the generator to generate electricity.
The speed regulator of the generator: the software is composed of control parameters and has no actual corresponding hardware structure.
A temperature controller: the software is composed of control parameters and has no actual corresponding hardware structure.
The control block diagram for a-CAES in the discharged state is shown in figure 1,
first, for a generator, the regulation equation is:
Figure BDA0003184665510000061
thus, the obtained generator speed ω is utilizedgGenerator speed reference value omegag,refElectromagnetic power reference value P of generatorg,e,refAnd the set generator regulation parameter mugThe electromagnetic power comparison value of the generator can be obtained
Figure BDA0003184665510000062
Will be provided with
Figure BDA0003184665510000063
And the measured value P of the electromagnetic power of the generatorg,eMake a comparison if
Figure BDA0003184665510000064
And Pg,eIf they are not equal, the equation corresponding to equation (2) will not hold, and the error generated by the equation will be input into kt,pAnd kt,iIn a corresponding PI controller, and by setting pa,maxAnd pa,minCorresponding upper and lower limits of constraint, generating air pressure paAnd input to the turbine. p is a radical ofaAfter being input to the turbine, will be reduced
Figure BDA0003184665510000065
And Pg,eBy adjusting pa，
Figure BDA0003184665510000066
And Pg,eEventually will be equal. If it is
Figure BDA0003184665510000067
And Pg,eInequality, paUntil the value of (D) is changed
Figure BDA0003184665510000068
And Pg,eEventually will be equal. By this method, p is passedaTo control Pg,eThe purpose of (1). k is a radical oft,pAnd kt,iThe introduction of the corresponding PI controller will make the error generated by the equation corresponding to equation (2) decrease until the equation corresponding to equation (2) is established.
Figure BDA0003184665510000069
Second, to ensure the efficiency of the A-CAES operation, the hot water mass flow m needs to be controlledw(ii) a In particular, the temperature T of the air that will flow out of the heat exchangershWith reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchangersh,refCompare and input the corresponding error into kh,pAnd kh,iThe corresponding PI controller; at the same time, the generator speed omega is calculatedgDivided by a generator speed reference value omegag,refAs a result of (a), k ish,pAnd kh,iThe output of the corresponding PI controller is divided by the value of the result; finally by setting mwUpper limit parameter m ofw,maxAnd mwLower limit parameter mw,minCorresponding upper and lower limit constraints to generate hot water mass flow mwAnd input to the heat exchanger. m iswAfter input to the heat exchanger, T will be reducedshAnd Tsh,refBy adjusting mw，TshAnd Tsh,refEventually will be equal. If TshAnd Tsh,refInequality, mwWill change continuously until TshAnd Tsh,refEventually will be equal. By this method, pass m is realizedwTo control TshThe purpose of (1).
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing adiabatic compressed air energy storage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, when the adiabatic compressed air is in an energy storage and discharge state, controlling the air pressure p flowing into a turbine according to the change state of the power grid frequencyaRegulating the generator electromagnetic power P of a generatorg,eRestoring the power grid frequency to normal;
s2, controlling the mass flow m of hot waterwSo that the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchangershTracking the reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger all the timesh,ref。
2. The method for modulating the frequency of a power grid using adiabatic compressed air energy storage as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S1 is implemented by controlling p when the frequency of the power grid decreasesaImprove the generator electromagnetic power P of the generatorg,eReducing the frequency reduction amplitude; when the frequency of the power grid rises, by controlling paReducing generator electromagnetic power P of generatorg,eAnd the frequency increase amplitude is reduced.
3. Method for modulating the frequency of a power grid using adiabatic compressed air energy storage according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure p of the air flowing into the turbine is controlledaRegulating the generator electromagnetic power P of a generatorg,eSpecifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
obtaining measured value p of air pressure flowing into turbineaThe measured value P of the electromagnetic power of the generatorg,eElectromagnetic power reference value P of generatorg,e,refGenerator speed omegagAnd generator speed reference value omegag,ref；
Setting paUpper limit parameter p ofa,maxLower limit parameter pa,minGenerator regulation parameter mugAnd generating electricityProportional gain parameter k of mechanical governort,pAnd integral gain parameter k of generator speed regulatort,i；
Measured value p of air pressure when flowing into turbineaWhen the expected requirement is not met, the obtained generator speed omega is utilizedgGenerator speed reference value omegag,refElectromagnetic power reference value P of generatorg,e,refAnd generator regulation parameter mugObtaining the electromagnetic power comparison value of the generator
Figure FDA0003184665500000011
Will be provided with
Figure FDA0003184665500000012
And the measured value P of the electromagnetic power of the generatorg,eComparing the two values, and inputting the error of the two values into kt,pAnd kt,iIn a corresponding PI controller, and by paUpper and lower limit parameters p ofa,maxAnd pa,minGenerating air pressure paInputting it into turbine;
continuously regulating p by the above processaUp to
Figure FDA0003184665500000021
And Pg,eAre equal.
4. The method for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing the adiabatic compressed air energy storage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculation formula of the electromagnetic power ratio of the generator is as follows:
Figure FDA0003184665500000022
5. method for modulating the frequency of an electric network using adiabatic compressed air energy storage according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein step S2 is embodied as,
capturing heat flowing into a heat exchangerMeasured value m of water mass flowwMeasured value T of air temperature flowing out of heat exchangershReference value T of air temperature flowing out of heat exchangersh,ref；
Setting mwUpper limit parameter m ofw,maxLower limit parameter mw,minProportional gain parameter k of temperature controllerh,pIntegral gain parameter k of temperature controllerh,i；
Measured value m of mass flow of hot water flowing into heat exchangerwWhen the expected requirement is not met, the measured value T of the air temperature flowing out of the heat exchangershWith reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchangersh,refComparing the two values, and inputting the error of the two values into kh,pAnd kh,iThe corresponding PI controller;
will kh,pAnd kh,iThe output of the corresponding PI controller divided by the generator speed ωgWith generator speed reference value omegag,refAnd by mwUpper and lower limit parameters mw,maxAnd mw,minProducing hot water mass flow mwInputting the heat exchange fluid into a heat exchanger;
continuously adjusting m by the above processwUp to TshAnd Tsh,refAre equal.
6. A method for frequency modulation of an electrical grid using adiabatic compressed air energy storage according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said adiabatic compressed air energy storage comprises: the system comprises a turbine, a generator, a heat exchanger, a generator speed regulator and a temperature controller;
the turbine is used for converting the internal energy of the compressed air into kinetic energy and pushing the generator connected with the turbine;
the generator is used for converting kinetic energy into electric energy;
the heat exchanger is used for releasing the internal energy of the hot water to the compressed air, so that the energy storage efficiency of the compressed air is ensured, and the compressed air flows into the turbine to drive the turbine to do work;
the generator speed regulator is used for regulating the electromagnetic power of the generator;
and the temperature controller is used for controlling the air temperature of the heat exchanger.
7. A system for realizing power grid frequency modulation by utilizing adiabatic compressed air energy storage is characterized by comprising:
a generator control module for controlling the air pressure p flowing into the turbine according to the change state of the grid frequency when the adiabatic compressed air is in the discharge stateaRegulating the generator electromagnetic power P of a generatorg,eRestoring the power grid frequency to normal;
a heat exchanger temperature control module for controlling the hot water mass flow mwSo that the temperature T of the air flowing out of the heat exchangershTracking the reference value T of the temperature of the air flowing out of the heat exchanger all the timesh,ref。
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CN110120675A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-13 西安交通大学 A kind of photo-thermal power generation participates in the device and control system and method for primary frequency regulation of power network
CN110489703A (en) * 2019-07-05 2019-11-22 清华大学 Advanced adiabatic compression air energy storage cogeneration runs feasible zone analysis method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108090666A (en) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-29 华中科技大学 A kind of coordinated dispatching method of power grid electric energy and spare capacity containing AA-CAES
CN108683200A (en) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-19 贵州电网有限责任公司 A kind of method that compressed-air energy storage participates in primary frequency regulation of power network
CN110120675A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-13 西安交通大学 A kind of photo-thermal power generation participates in the device and control system and method for primary frequency regulation of power network
CN110489703A (en) * 2019-07-05 2019-11-22 清华大学 Advanced adiabatic compression air energy storage cogeneration runs feasible zone analysis method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114033730A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-11 西安交通大学 Non-design working condition operation method of compressed air energy storage system
CN114033730B (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-08-09 西安交通大学 Non-design working condition operation method of compressed air energy storage system

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