CN113594479A - Preparation method of Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method of Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst, which is characterized in that melamine is annealed in a muffle furnace to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4Grinding into powder to obtain a material A; mixing the material A, glucose and ferric acetylacetonate, transferring the mixture to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle for hydrothermal treatment, drying the mixture, and cooling the dried mixture to room temperature to obtain a material B; carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the material B to obtain a material C; and (3) sequentially carrying out acid washing, water washing and drying on the material C to obtain the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst. The specific surface area of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst prepared by the invention is 224.4m2g‑1Having excellent redoxThe catalyst showed 99mW cm of primary catalytic performance when assembled as a cathode in a zinc-air cell‑2The power density of (a) indicates that the catalyst has the potential to replace a Pt catalyst in practical applications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of non-noble metal doped carbon-oxygen reduction catalysts, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst.
Background
The continuous consumption of fossil fuel seriously aggravates the energy crisis and the environmental pollution problem, and therefore, in order to meet the increasing energy demand of people, it becomes important to develop a clean, renewable, cheap new energy source and a low-cost and efficient energy conversion device. Among various energy storage devices, zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have been studied by many researchers because of their unique advantages of high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, this is one of the major factors that have heretofore hindered commercial application of ZABs, due to the excessively high reaction energy barrier of Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on the cathode electrode of ZABs, which greatly reduces the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cells. In addition, the catalysts commonly used in ORR at present are generally noble metals and noble metal-based compounds, and these catalysts have only single and high-efficiency reactivity, but are seriously hindered from being applied to commercialization on a large scale due to their high price, scarce resources and poor stability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ORR electrocatalyst with high efficiency, stability, economy, and low price for a zinc-air battery.
In recent years, metal oxides,Non-noble metal catalysts such as sulfides, carbides and nitrides have been widely studied as high performance ORR catalysts, particularly transition metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts (M-N-C). The M-N-C composite catalyst (especially Fe-N-C, Co-N-C and the like) is attractive to researchers due to the characteristics of wide sources, low price, excellent oxygen reduction activity and the like. Wherein, nitrogen atoms in M-N are mainly pyridine N and pyrrole N, so that the selection of a proper nitrogen source for regulating the type of nitrogen and the coordination of transition metal is particularly important. In addition, optimizing the pore structure is considered as an effective way to improve the oxygen reduction performance of the catalyst. For the optimization of the pore structure, a template pore-forming method is mostly adopted, such as SiO2Nanospheres, etc., but it is difficult to avoid the use of highly toxic and corrosive HF, and the etching and poisoning of active sites M-N by HF is also a difficult problem. Therefore, it remains a challenge to find a simple and efficient method for preparing ORR electrocatalysts. The invention relates to a non-metal semiconductor polymer material graphite carbon nitride (g-C) with a graphite structure3N4) As a self-sacrifice template and a nitrogen source, a hydrothermal-pyrolysis method is adopted to prepare a Fe and N co-doped porous carbon material as a high-efficiency zinc-air battery catalyst.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst with simple process and relatively low cost, wherein the method utilizes g-C3N4As nitrogen source, g-C3N4The unsaturated pyridine type N with medium and high concentration provides abundant lone pair electrons to capture metal ions in the ligand, and abundant and uniform Fe-N active sites are formed; in addition g-C3N4And the catalyst is also used as a self-sacrificial template, and can be completely decomposed at 710 ℃, so that the specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbon material are increased, more active sites are exposed, the oxygen reduction catalytic activity of the carbon material is enhanced, and finally the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalytic material with rich active sites is prepared.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems, and the preparation method of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step S1: transferring melamine into a muffle furnace, and annealing in air to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4Then the obtained light yellow product g-C is used3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in an agate mortar to obtain a material A;
step S2: mixing and fully stirring a material A, glucose and ferric acetylacetonate, transferring the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, performing hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at 180 ℃, wherein the material A is simultaneously used as a self-sacrifice template and a nitrogen source, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring the mixture into an air-blast drying box, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain a material B;
step S3: transferring the material B to a tube furnace, heating the material B to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of inert gas, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling the material B to room temperature to obtain a material C;
step S4: and transferring the material C into a container, adding an acidic solution for soaking, washing with high-purity water until the filtrate is neutral, and then placing the filtrate in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain the target product Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst.
Further preferably, the feeding mass ratio of the material A, the glucose and the ferric acetylacetonate in the step S2 is 1:1: 0.1.
Further preferably, the inert gas in step S3 is one or more of nitrogen or argon.
Further preferably, the acidic solution in step S4 is a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 2M.
The preparation method of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: transferring 10g of melamine into a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and annealing for 4h to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4The obtained light yellow product g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in agate mortar to obtain a material A;
step S2: mixing 3g of the material A, 3g of glucose and 0.3g of ferric acetylacetonate, fully stirring for 12h, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring to a forced air drying oven, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a material B;
step S3: transferring the material B to a tube furnace, heating the material B to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of nitrogen, maintaining the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling the material B to room temperature to obtain a material C;
step S4: transferring the material C into a container, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2M, soaking for 12h, washing with high-purity water until filtrate is neutral, and then placing in a forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 12h to obtain a target product Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst, wherein the specific surface area of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst is 224.4M2g-1The catalyst showed 99mW cm when assembled as a cathode in a zinc-air cell-2The power density of (a).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention makes use of g-C3N4As nitrogen source, g-C3N4The unsaturated pyridine type N with medium and high concentration provides abundant lone pair electrons to capture metal ions in the ligand, and abundant and uniform Fe-N active sites are formed;
2. g-C incorporated in the invention3N4The carbon material can be used as a template agent and can be completely decomposed at 710 ℃, so that the specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbon material are increased, more active sites are exposed, and the oxygen reduction catalytic activity of the carbon material is enhanced;
3. the specific surface area of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst prepared by the invention is 224.4m2g-1The zinc-air battery cathode material is applied to a zinc-air battery as a cathode material, and has excellent oxygen reduction performance and larger power density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of product D1 prepared according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of products D1-D3 prepared in examples 1-3;
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of products D1-D3 prepared in examples 1-3;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the sorption isotherms for nitrogen desorption of the products D1-D3 prepared in examples 1-3;
FIG. 5 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum (full spectrum) of products D1-D3 prepared in examples 1-3;
FIG. 6 is a cyclic voltammogram of the target products D1-D3 prepared in examples 1-3;
FIG. 7 is a polarization curve and corresponding power density curve for product D1 prepared in example 1 versus commercial Pt/C.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and that all the technologies realized based on the above subject matter of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Step S1: transferring 10g of melamine into a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and annealing for 4h to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4The obtained light yellow product g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in agate mortar to obtain a material A1;
step S2: mixing 3g of the material A1, 3g of glucose and 0.3g of ferric acetylacetonate, fully stirring for 12h, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring to an air-blast drying oven, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a material B1;
step S3: transferring the material B1 to a tube furnace, heating to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a material C1;
step S4: and transferring the material C1 to a container, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2M, soaking for 12h, washing with high-purity water until the filtrate is neutral, and then placing the filtrate in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 12h to obtain a product D1.
Example 2
Step S1: transferring 10g of melamine into a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and annealing for 4h to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4Will obtainLight yellow product g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in agate mortar to obtain a material A2;
step S2: mixing 3g of the material A2 and 3g of glucose, fully stirring for 12h, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring to a forced air drying oven, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a material B2;
step S3: transferring the material B2 to a tube furnace, heating to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a material C2;
step S4: and transferring the material C2 to a container, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2M, soaking for 12h, washing with high-purity water until the filtrate is neutral, and then placing the filtrate in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 12h to obtain a product D2.
Example 3
Step S1: transferring 10g of melamine into a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and annealing for 4h to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4The obtained light yellow product g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in agate mortar to obtain a material A3;
step S2: mixing 3g of glucose and 0.3g of ferric acetylacetonate, fully stirring for 12h, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring to an air-blast drying oven, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a material B3;
step S3: transferring the material B3 to a tube furnace, heating to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a material C3;
step S4: and transferring the material C3 to a container, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2M, soaking for 12h, washing with high-purity water until the filtrate is neutral, and then placing the filtrate in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 12h to obtain a product D3.
Example 4
Weighing a certain amount of Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst D1 product which is ground into powder by using an electronic balance, and mixing the powder with 5 wt% of Nafion andhigh-purity water is mixed uniformly, and then ultrasonic treatment is carried out for a plurality of minutes to obtain uniform ink (dispersion liquid). And (3) moving a proper amount of the ultrasonically treated ink-like active substance by using a liquid transfer device, dripping the ink-like active substance on the cleaned glassy carbon electrode, and naturally drying at room temperature to prepare the working electrode. Working electrodes of products D2 and D3 were prepared in the same manner and were used as a control with the product D1. All electrochemical tests adopt a three-electrode system, an Hg/HgO electrode and a platinum sheet are respectively used as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and an electrolyte is N2/O2Saturated 0.1mol L-1Aqueous KOH solution. In the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) test, glassy carbon is used as a working electrode (with the diameter of 3mm) and is coated with a certain volume and concentration of active substances (the prepared ink dispersion liquid), and the scanning speed is 10mV s-1The scan range is 0V to 1.2V (vs. RHE).
Example 5
The catalyst solution consists of a product D1, a 5 wt% Nafion solution, a 5 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene solution and an ethanol solution, and is subjected to ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous solution. The catalyst ink was dropped uniformly onto hydrophobic carbon paper (2 mg cm loading)-2) As ZABs air cathodes. For comparison, commercial 20 wt% Pt/C was also treated in the same way. The electrolyte consists of 6.0M KOH and 0.2M Zn (OAc)2And (4) forming. Electrochemical characterization of ZABs was done on a CH660E electrochemical workstation. Respectively adopting Chronopotentiometry (CP) and LSV (5mV s)-1) Constant current discharge and polarization measurements were performed.
The catalytic performance of the samples in all examples is as follows: as shown in FIG. 4, the cyclic voltammograms of the products D1, D2, and D3 obtained in examples 1-3 had peak potentials of 0.84V, 0.76V, and 0.64V (vs. RHE), respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, polarization curves and corresponding power density curves were obtained for the product D1 obtained in example 1 and a commercial Pt/C as an air cathode of a zinc-air battery, the power densities being 99mW cm-2And 82mW cm-2. The results show that the product D1 has excellent oxygen reduction catalytic performance and has the potential of replacing Pt catalyst in practical application.
The foregoing embodiments illustrate the principles, principal features and advantages of the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step S1: transferring melamine into a muffle furnace, and annealing in air to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4Then the obtained light yellow product g-C is used3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in an agate mortar to obtain a material A;
step S2: mixing and fully stirring a material A, glucose and ferric acetylacetonate, transferring the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, performing hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at 180 ℃, wherein the material A is simultaneously used as a self-sacrifice template and a nitrogen source, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring the mixture into an air-blast drying box, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain a material B;
step S3: transferring the material B to a tube furnace, heating the material B to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of inert gas, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling the material B to room temperature to obtain a material C;
step S4: and transferring the material C into a container, adding an acidic solution for soaking, washing with high-purity water until the filtrate is neutral, and then placing the filtrate in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain the target product Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the feeding mass ratio of the material A, the glucose and the ferric acetylacetonate is 1:1: 0.1.
3. The preparation method of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen or argon.
4. The preparation method of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the acidic solution in step S4 is a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 2M.
5. The preparation method of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: transferring 10g of melamine into a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and annealing for 4h to obtain a light yellow product g-C3N4The obtained light yellow product g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in agate mortar to obtain a material A;
step S2: mixing 3g of the material A, 3g of glucose and 0.3g of ferric acetylacetonate, fully stirring for 12h, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 180 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging the obtained mixture, transferring to a forced air drying oven, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a material B;
step S3: transferring the material B to a tube furnace, heating the material B to 900 ℃ from room temperature through 175min under the protection of nitrogen, maintaining the temperature at 900 ℃ for 120min, and naturally cooling the material B to room temperature to obtain a material C;
step S4: transferring the material C into a container, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2M, soaking for 12h, washing with high-purity water until filtrate is neutral, and then placing in a forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 12h to obtain a target product Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst, wherein the specific surface area of the Fe and N co-doped porous carbon zinc air battery catalyst is 224.4M2g-1The catalyst showed 99mW cm when assembled as a cathode in a zinc-air cell-2The power density of (a).
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