CN113593020A - Large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS - Google Patents
Large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS, which comprises the following steps: establishing a model library: the model library comprises a building model library and an environment model library; taking a building outline envelope rectangle; and (3) classification step: extracting shape data of a target city range class by using ArcMap, and sorting; building model matching: firstly, finding a building table corresponding to the category according to the category of the recorded building outline, comparing the extracted building name with the building name in a model library, if the extracted building name is the same as the building name in the model library, using the building model, and if the extracted building name is not the same as the building name in the model library, using a default building model of each middle category; generating an urban scene: and after the building model is placed, setting an environment model according to actual conditions. The invention has the following effects: the method can deeply and quickly restore the three-dimensional scene of the city and embody the actual region division, can well show the characteristics of the city, and can play a good role in assisting decision making for city planning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of ArcGIS data processing, smart cities, three-dimensional visualization and the like, in particular to a large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS.
Background
Urban planning is one of the fields with the most urgent need for brand-new visualization technology all the time, and at each planning stage, the living environment of people is improved through the current situation and the future description. Due to the adoption of the urban three-dimensional scene generation technology, a user can roam in scenes in all directions in various modes and is completely freely controlled by the user, the urban planning situation can be quickly known, a decision-making assisting effect can be well played, and the urban three-dimensional scene can bring good visual experience.
The general three-dimensional city scene generation is divided into two types, one type is direct automatic generation, various types of buildings and greening are randomly generated in the scene through city shape data, and the defect is that the buildings are randomly generated, most of the generated buildings cannot be fit with the actual situation, and the real layout of the city cannot be displayed. One is to generate the urban scene in a manual placement mode through manual modeling, and has the defects of large workload and long time consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing urban three-dimensional visual scene construction, the invention quickly generates a building model conforming to each region type based on the poi point of ArcGIS, can restore the urban three-dimensional scene more quickly and truly, and can well show the urban layout.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS comprises the following steps:
establishing a model library: the model library comprises a building model library and an environment model library;
the building model library includes various types of building models, the models are divided into specific certain types of buildings according to POI classification, the specific types of buildings are divided into a middle class and a small class, the middle class is a building type, the small class is a building with specific names, and each middle class comprises a default model;
the building model library records various attributes of the building model, including: building model files, building model numbers, building types, building model names, length and width attributes of building bottom outline envelope rectangles, building heights and building colors;
the environment model library is divided into sidewalks, trees, grasslands, lakes, public facilities, transportation facilities and road markings. The environment model library records various attributes of the environment model, including: environment model file, model number, model name and model minimum unit area.
Taking a building outline envelope rectangle;
and (3) classification step: extracting shape data of a target city range class by using ArcMap (the ArcMap is a user desktop component and has the functions of strong mapping, space analysis, space data library building and the like), and sorting;
shape data is divided into residential areas, shopping malls, business areas, schools, hospitals, public service areas and parks, the name of each area is recorded, each area extracts a building, the name of the building is recorded, and the length, the width, the vertex coordinates and the center coordinates of an envelope rectangle of the outline of the building, the coordinates of a pedestrian road, the coordinates of a lake outline, the coordinates of a green belt and the coordinates of the vacant areas of the rest parts except the outlines are obtained.
Building model matching:
firstly, finding a building table corresponding to the category according to the category of the recorded building outline, comparing the extracted building name with the building name in a model library, if the extracted building name is the same as the building name in the model library, using the building model, and if the extracted building name is not the same as the building name in the model library, using a default building model of each middle category;
when the model is selected to be placed, firstly, the length, the width and the proportion of the building model are adjusted according to the length and the width of the envelope rectangle, so that the building model is better suitable for the size of the outline of the building;
and aligning and placing the models according to the central coordinates of the building outline envelope rectangle, then calculating the angle between the placed building model envelope rectangle and the long edge of the building outline envelope rectangle, and then rotating the building model by the angle to enable the building model to coincide with the building outline.
Generating an urban scene:
and after the building model is placed, setting an environment model according to actual conditions.
Preferably, the buildings are classified into residential buildings, office buildings, shopping malls, hospitals, schools, public services, and park building types according to the POI classification.
As a preferred mode, all building outlines are a series of longitude and latitude coordinates in data storage, all the longitude and latitude coordinates are converted into two-dimensional coordinates by adopting ink card tray projection transformation, and four variables maxX, minX, maxY and minY are set to respectively represent extreme values of the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the building outlines;
taking a first coordinate point, assigning the abscissa of the first coordinate point to maxX and minX by default, assigning the ordinate of the first coordinate point to maxY and minY by default, and traversing each coordinate point in sequence;
if the abscissa of the judgment point is larger than maxX, replacing the value of maxX, and if the abscissa of the judgment point is smaller than minX, replacing minX;
if the ordinate of the judgment point is larger than maxY, replacing the value of maxY, and if the ordinate of the judgment point is smaller than minY, replacing minY; after the traversal judgment is completed, (minX, minY), (minX, maxY), (maxX, minY) are the envelope rectangles of the building outline.
Preferably, if there is a pedestrian road coordinate, one road type is randomly selected according to the pedestrian road coordinate to generate the pedestrian road.
Preferably, if the lake contour coordinates exist, filling the lake model according to the lake contour coordinates.
Preferably, if the green belt coordinates exist, the flowers, plants and trees are randomly filled according to the green belt coordinates.
Preferably, if the space coordinates exist, the space is filled with grass.
Preferably, for a special public service area, the corresponding model is directly selected for placement according to the POI type, and if a construction bank is used, the building with a construction bank mark is selected for placement.
Preferably, the special public service area comprises a gas station and a bank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can deeply and quickly restore the three-dimensional scene of the city and embody the actual region division, can well show the characteristics of the city, and can play a good role in assisting decision making for city planning.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a circumscribed rectangle of a triangular building;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circumscribed rectangle showing a triangle and a figure outside the rectangle;
FIG. 3 shows the rotation angle operation after the building is placed;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a map area before processing;
FIG. 5 building outline extracted by ArcMap;
fig. 6 actually generates an effect diagram of the building.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example one
The large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS comprises the following steps:
establishing a model library: the model library comprises a building model library and an environment model library;
the building model library collects various types of building models, the models are classified into specific buildings of a certain type according to POI (POI: Point of interest: Chinese name), such as shops, bars, gas stations, hospitals and stations, which have no geographic significance, and the specific classification is medium and small, the medium type is a building type, the small type is a building with a specific name, and each medium type comprises a default model;
the building model library records various attributes of the building model, including: building model files, building model numbers, building types, building model names, length and width attributes of building bottom outline envelope rectangles, building heights and building colors;
the environment model library is divided into sidewalks, trees, grasslands, lakes, public facilities, transportation facilities and road markings. The environment model library records various attributes of the environment model, including: environment model file, model number, model name and model minimum unit area.
Taking a building outline envelope rectangle;
and (3) classification step: extracting shape data of a target city range class by using ArcMap, and sorting; shape data is divided into residential areas, shopping malls, business areas, schools, hospitals, public service areas and parks, the name of each area is recorded, each area respectively extracts a building, the building name is recorded, an enveloping rectangle of the building outline is obtained (firstly, all longitude and latitude coordinates are converted into two-dimensional coordinates by adopting ink card tray projection transformation, four variables of maxX, minX, maxY and minY are set to respectively represent extreme values of horizontal and vertical coordinates of the building outline, a first coordinate point is taken, the horizontal coordinate of the first coordinate point is assigned to maxX and minX by default, the vertical coordinate of the first coordinate point is assigned to maxY and minY, each coordinate point is traversed sequentially, if the horizontal coordinate of the first coordinate point is larger than maxX, the value of maxX is replaced, if the horizontal coordinate of the first coordinate point is smaller than minX, if the vertical coordinate of the first coordinate point is larger than maxY, the value of maxY is replaced, if the vertical coordinate of the first coordinate point is smaller than minY, the second coordinate point is replaced by minY, after the traversal is completed, minY) is the envelope rectangle of the building outline. ) The length, width and vertex coordinates and center coordinates of the same, the coordinates of a pedestrian road, the coordinates of a lake outline, the coordinates of a green belt, and the coordinates of the space of the rest part except the outlines.
Building model matching:
firstly, finding a building table of a corresponding category according to the category of the recorded building outline (each building has a corresponding poi attribute and indicates which category the building belongs to; selecting a building model library of the same category from building model libraries classified according to the category), comparing the extracted building name with the building name in the model library, if the extracted building name is the same as the building name in the model library, using the building model, and if the extracted building name is not the same as the building name in the model library, using a default building model of each middle category;
when the model is selected to be placed, firstly, the length, the width and the proportion of the building model are adjusted according to the length and the width of the envelope rectangle, so that the building model is better suitable for the size of the outline of the building;
the models are aligned and placed according to the center coordinates of the building outline envelope rectangle, then the angle between the placed building model envelope rectangle and the long edge of the building outline envelope rectangle is calculated, and then the building model rotates by the angle to be coincident with the building outline, as shown in fig. 3.
Generating an urban scene:
and after the building model is placed, setting an environment model according to actual conditions.
The method comprises the steps of extracting and processing city shape data by using ArcMap, sorting and classifying, and generating a three-dimensional scene which accords with real city layout according to region division, POI classification and extracted building outlines and building names.
Example two
Buildings are classified according to POI classification into residential building, office building, shopping mall, hospital, school, public service, and park building types.
EXAMPLE III
All building outlines are a series of longitude and latitude coordinates in data storage, all the longitude and latitude coordinates are converted into two-dimensional coordinates by adopting ink card tray projection transformation, and four variables of maxX, minX, maxY and minY are set to respectively represent extreme values of horizontal and vertical coordinates of the building outlines;
taking a first coordinate point, assigning the abscissa of the first coordinate point to maxX and minX by default, assigning the ordinate of the first coordinate point to maxY and minY by default, and traversing each coordinate point in sequence;
if the abscissa of the judgment point is larger than maxX, replacing the value of maxX, and if the abscissa of the judgment point is smaller than minX, replacing minX;
if the ordinate of the judgment point is larger than maxY, replacing the value of maxY, and if the ordinate of the judgment point is smaller than minY, replacing minY; after the traversal judgment is completed, (minX, minY), (minX, maxY), (maxX, minY) are envelope rectangles of the building outline, and the effect is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
Example four
And if the pedestrian road coordinates exist, randomly selecting one road type to generate the pedestrian road according to the pedestrian road coordinates.
And if the lake contour coordinates exist, filling the lake model according to the lake contour coordinates.
And if the green belt coordinates exist, randomly filling the flowers, the plants and the trees according to the green belt coordinates.
And if the space coordinates exist, filling the grass in the space.
EXAMPLE five
And for a special public service area, directly selecting a corresponding model according to the POI type for placement, and selecting a building with a building bank sign for placement if a building bank is used. Special public service areas include gas stations, banks.
The method is based on ArcGIS to extract and process data of urban buildings, roads and the like, and the three-dimensional urban scene is quickly restored by acquiring corresponding models of buildings, roads, greening, facilities and the like from a model library. The user can roam in the scene in all directions and in various modes, and is completely freely controlled by the user, so that the planning condition of a city can be rapidly known, and a decision-making assisting effect can be well played.
EXAMPLE six
And 1, establishing a corresponding building model library and an environment model library according to the step of establishing the model library.
And 2, downloading shape data of the city to be built from the heaven and earth map, and carrying out data processing classification according to the POI.
And 3, extracting shape data of the target area range class by using ArcMap, and acquiring an envelope rectangle of the building outline in the shape data by the building outline envelope rectangle taking step algorithm as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
And 4, firstly, obtaining area data, selecting a corresponding building model according to the building type in the area, judging from a building library model, selecting a model with similar length, width and height of a circumscribed rectangle to generate in a scene through coordinates, traversing environment object data in the area after the building is generated, sequentially filling and generating grassland, roads and lakes according to the coordinate outline, specifically generating according to contained elements, generating different environment models randomly in different areas, and obtaining the overall effect as shown in FIG. 6.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The large-scale three-dimensional city scene generation method based on ArcGIS is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a model library: the model library comprises a building model library and an environment model library;
the building model library includes various types of building models, the models are divided into specific certain types of buildings according to POI classification, the specific types of buildings are divided into a middle class and a small class, the middle class is a building type, the small class is a building with specific names, and each middle class comprises a default model;
the building model library records various attributes of the building model, including: building model files, building model numbers, building types, building model names, length and width attributes of building bottom outline envelope rectangles, building heights and building colors;
the environment model library is divided into sidewalks, trees, grasslands, lakes, public facilities, transportation facilities and road markings. The environment model library records various attributes of the environment model, including: environment model file, model number, model name and model minimum unit area.
Taking a building outline envelope rectangle;
and (3) classification step: extracting shape data of a target city range class by using ArcGIS, and sorting;
shape data is divided into residential areas, shopping malls, business areas, schools, hospitals, public service areas and parks, the name of each area is recorded, each area extracts a building, the name of the building is recorded, and the length, the width, the vertex coordinates and the center coordinates of an envelope rectangle of the outline of the building, the coordinates of a pedestrian road, the coordinates of a lake outline, the coordinates of a green belt and the coordinates of the vacant areas of the rest parts except the outlines are obtained.
Building model matching:
firstly, finding a building table corresponding to the category according to the category of the recorded building outline, comparing the extracted building name with the building name in a model library, if the extracted building name is the same as the building name in the model library, using the building model, and if the extracted building name is not the same as the building name in the model library, using a default building model of each middle category;
when the model is selected to be placed, firstly, the length, the width and the proportion of the building model are adjusted according to the length and the width of the envelope rectangle, so that the building model is better suitable for the size of the outline of the building;
aligning and placing the models according to the central coordinates of the building outline envelope rectangles, then calculating the angles of the placed building model envelope rectangles and the long sides of the building outline envelope rectangles, and then rotating the building models by the angle of the size to enable the building models to coincide with the building outlines;
generating an urban scene: and after the building model is placed, setting an environment model according to actual conditions.
2. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: buildings are classified according to POI classification into residential building, office building, shopping mall, hospital, school, public service, and park building types.
3. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: firstly, converting all longitude and latitude coordinates into two-dimensional coordinates by adopting an ink card tray projection transformation, and setting four variables of maxX, minX, maxY and minY which respectively represent extreme values of horizontal and vertical coordinates of the building outline;
taking a first coordinate point, assigning the abscissa of the first coordinate point to maxX and minX by default, assigning the ordinate of the first coordinate point to maxY and minY by default, and traversing each coordinate point in sequence;
if the abscissa of the judgment point is larger than maxX, replacing the value of maxX, and if the abscissa of the judgment point is smaller than minX, replacing minX;
if the ordinate of the judgment point is larger than maxY, replacing the value of maxY, and if the ordinate of the judgment point is smaller than minY, replacing minY; after the traversal judgment is completed, (minX, minY), (minX, maxY), (maxX, minY) are the envelope rectangles of the building outline.
4. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and if the pedestrian road coordinates exist, randomly selecting one road type to generate the pedestrian road according to the pedestrian road coordinates.
5. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and if the lake contour coordinates exist, filling the lake model according to the lake contour coordinates.
6. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and if the green belt coordinates exist, randomly filling the flowers, the plants and the trees according to the green belt coordinates.
7. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and if the space coordinates exist, filling the grass in the space.
8. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and for a special public service area, directly selecting a corresponding model according to the POI type for placement.
9. The ArcGIS-based large-scale three-dimensional urban scene generation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: special public service areas include gas stations, banks.
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