CN113591190A - Method for accurately protecting high slope of tunnel portal - Google Patents
Method for accurately protecting high slope of tunnel portal Download PDFInfo
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- CN113591190A CN113591190A CN202110861230.7A CN202110861230A CN113591190A CN 113591190 A CN113591190 A CN 113591190A CN 202110861230 A CN202110861230 A CN 202110861230A CN 113591190 A CN113591190 A CN 113591190A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013468 resource allocation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004457 water analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/12—Timing analysis or timing optimisation
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- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accurately protecting a high slope of a tunnel portal, which comprises the following steps: 1) arranging image control points at the positions without shelters in the mountain residual hill survey area; 2) collecting images of a high slope protection area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; 3) carrying out real scene modeling on the collected image by using Smart3D software; 4) acquiring data information of a protection area; 5) performing protected area watershed analysis by using BIM software; 6) a high slope safety protection scheme is formulated through analysis of the structure; 7) and carrying out accurate construction according to the scheme. The method has the advantages of high reliability and low cost, can effectively improve the construction efficiency, reduces the operation risk of high-risk blind areas of personnel, and greatly improves the protection accuracy and the construction safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high slope protection method, in particular to a method for accurately protecting a high slope at a tunnel portal.
Background
At present, in the tunnel construction process, the condition that a high slope exists above a tunnel portal is often met. Especially, when the face of sky above the entrance to a cave is higher, and excavation face mountain slope is precipitous, and the surface has not hard up rock mass, when the risk of collapsing, must carry out accurate protection to the massif and administer, avoids appearing the rock and rolls the potential safety hazard accident of injury operation personnel and damage equipment.
Usually, before protecting a high slope at a cave entrance, technicians carry a total station to acquire original data of the slope and know the surrounding situation of a construction area. The mode has the defects of high safety risk, low working efficiency and high labor cost, and is difficult to advance for high-risk side slopes and carrying instruments, and the safety of technicians faces is also problematic. Even, secondary construction protection is needed to understand the site situation deeply and accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for accurately protecting a high slope at a tunnel portal, which can improve the protection accuracy and the construction safety.
The invention aims to realize a method for accurately protecting a high slope of a tunnel portal through a technical scheme, which comprises the following steps: 1) arranging image control points at the positions without shelters in the mountain residual hill survey area; 2) collecting images of a high slope protection area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; 3) carrying out real scene modeling on the collected image by using Smart3D software; 4) acquiring data information of a protection area; 5) performing protected area watershed analysis by using BIM software; 6) a high slope safety protection scheme is formulated through analysis of the structure; 7) and carrying out accurate construction according to the scheme.
In the step 1), selecting an area with relatively flat terrain and good visual field condition, distributing image control points in a measuring range, and making marks by adopting eye-catching color paint or selecting house corners and curbs as fixed points; and measuring and recording the image control point positions by using an RTK instrument.
In order to facilitate image acquisition, in step 2), an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology is utilized, a plurality of sensors are carried on the same flight platform, and images are acquired according to a set air route from vertical and four oblique angles.
In order to generate the real-scene model conveniently, in the step 3), the Smart3D software is used for carrying out aerial triangulation operation on image data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and carrying out image adding and point control position adjustment on an image map, so that the three-dimensional real-scene model is generated after the three-dimensional real-scene model is generated.
In order to facilitate measurement, in the step 4), Smart3D software is used for directly measuring the three-dimensional live-action model to obtain elevation point position, gradient, protection area and view blind area information of the protection area.
Further, in step 5), outputting a real scene model obtained from Smart3D software through a KML format file, importing the real scene model into Civil 3D software, and performing drainage path reduction and accumulated water analysis on the protection area by using the Civil 3D software; according to analysis, a catchwater ditch is arranged at a position which is not less than 3m away from a slope along with the trend of a protection slope and a mountain body at a position where flowing water is easy to gather, and surface water is drained to a section with a slow slope for centralized drainage.
In order to improve construction safety, in step 6), mechanical analysis calculation, falling protection safety rope calculation and active protection net area calculation are carried out according to the obtained height point position, gradient and protection area information of the protection area, and resource allocation is formulated; aiming at the part needing slope protection, the steel rope net is encrypted and the anti-falling net is fastened and connected; finally, the integral protection is formed.
Further describing, in the step 6), before the steel rope net is encrypted and the anti-falling net is fastened and connected, slope cleaning and anchor rod construction are required, and the anchoring length of a mountain top anchor rod and the anchoring length of an anti-falling net anchor rod are calculated before anchor rod construction; wherein,
(1) calculation of length of anchoring section of mountain top anchor rod
In the formula:
la-anchor segment length (m);
k is a safety coefficient, and 2.2 is taken;
d, taking the diameter (m) of the anchoring body to be 0.048 m;
qr-selecting 100kPa as the design value (kPa) of the bonding strength between the cement bonded rock body and the rock pore wall;
Ntthe anchor rod bears a tension value of 22 KN;
(2) calculation of length of anchoring section of anti-falling net anchor rod
In the formula:
la-anchor segment length (m);
k is a safety coefficient, and 2.2 is taken;
d, taking the diameter (m) of the anchoring body to be 0.048 m;
qr-obtaining a design value (kPa) of the bonding strength between the cement bonded body and the rock pore wall, wherein 800kPa is adopted;
Ntthe anchor rod is subjected to a tensile force value of 22 KN.
In the step 7), the high slope protection scheme is carried out, and field technicians and constructors are familiar with the three-dimensional live-action model to accurately carry out construction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the advantages of high reliability and low cost, the construction efficiency can be effectively improved, the operation risk of high-risk blind areas of personnel is reduced, and the protection accuracy and the construction safety are greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example (b): a method for accurately protecting a high slope of a tunnel portal comprises the following steps: 1) arranging image control points at the positions without shelters in the mountain residual hill survey area; 2) collecting images of a high slope protection area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; 3) carrying out real scene modeling on the collected image by using Smart3D software; 4) acquiring data information of a protection area; 5) performing protected area watershed analysis by using BIM software; 6) a high slope safety protection scheme is formulated through analysis of the structure; 7) and carrying out accurate construction according to the scheme.
In the step 1), selecting an area with relatively flat terrain and good visual field condition, distributing image control points in a measuring range, and making marks by adopting eye-catching color paint or selecting house corners and curbs as fixed points; and measuring and recording the image control point positions by using an RTK instrument.
In order to collect images conveniently and improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of collection, in the step 2), an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology is utilized, a plurality of sensors are carried on the same flight platform, and the images are collected according to a set route from vertical and four oblique angles.
In order to generate the three-dimensional live-action model conveniently, in the step 3), the method utilizes Smart3D software to carry out aerial triangulation operation on image data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and carries out image adding and point control position adjustment on an image map, and then generates the three-dimensional live-action model.
In order to facilitate measurement and obtain accurate measurement data, in the step 4), Smart3D software is used for directly measuring the three-dimensional live-action model to obtain elevation point position, gradient, protection area and view blind area information of the protection area.
Further describing, in the step 5), outputting the real-scene model obtained from Smart3D software through a KML format file, importing the real-scene model into Civil 3D software, and performing drainage path reduction and accumulated water analysis on the protective area by using the Civil 3D software; according to analysis, a catchwater ditch is arranged at a position which is not less than 3m away from a slope along with the trend of a protection slope and a mountain body at a position where flowing water is easy to gather, and surface water is drained to a section with a slow slope for centralized drainage.
In order to improve the safety of constructors, in step 6), according to the obtained height point position, gradient and protection area information of the protection area, performing mechanical analysis calculation, falling protection safety rope calculation and active protection net area calculation, and formulating resource allocation; aiming at the part needing slope protection, the steel rope net is encrypted and the anti-falling net is fastened and connected; finally forming a protection scheme.
In the step 6), before the steel rope net is encrypted and the anti-falling net is fastened and connected, slope cleaning and anchor rod construction are required, and the anchoring length of a mountain top anchor rod and the anchoring length of an anti-falling net anchor rod are calculated before the anchor rod construction; wherein,
(1) calculation of length of anchoring section of mountain top anchor rod
In the formula:
la-anchor segment length (m);
k is a safety coefficient, and 2.2 is taken;
d, taking the diameter (m) of the anchoring body to be 0.048 m;
qr-selecting 100kPa as the design value (kPa) of the bonding strength between the cement bonded rock body and the rock pore wall;
Ntthe anchor rod bears a tension value of 22 KN;
(2) calculation of length of anchoring section of anti-falling net anchor rod
In the formula:
la-anchor segment length (m);
k is a safety coefficient, and 2.2 is taken;
d, taking the diameter (m) of the anchoring body to be 0.048 m;
qr-obtaining a design value (kPa) of the bonding strength between the cement bonded body and the rock pore wall, wherein 800kPa is adopted;
Ntthe anchor rod is subjected to a tensile force value of 22 KN.
(3) Rope counting
According to the specification 5.3 of the falling protection safety rope (GB 2443-2009) and the test force value of a static mechanical property table 1, the test force value of the safety rope for the falling suspension of the textile belt type and the fiber rope is checked to be 22KN, and whether the stability and the bearing capacity of the safety rope can meet the construction requirement is checked according to a test method.
And (3) testing the static mechanical property:
TABLE 1 test force value requirements
Firstly, the safety rope is arranged on a static mechanical property testing device, 22KN force is loaded, and the speed of 100mm/min is loaded.
And secondly, loading for 3min after the load is reached, unloading, and observing and recording the damage condition of the safety rope.
(4) Snap-in computing
According to the requirements of "strength of a.4 cord clamp fixation" in "wire rope clamps" (GB/T5976-2006), the degree of the snap fixation depends on the correct arrangement of the snap on the cord and the care and proficiency of the snap fixation and clamping.
The buckle is arranged according to the specification, and the intensity of fixed department is 80% of rope self intensity at least, according to the static mechanics of rope test principle, and the buckle satisfies the operation requirement.
Further, in the step 7), the high slope protection scheme is carried out, and field technicians and constructors are familiar with the three-dimensional live-action model to accurately carry out construction.
According to the method, the high slope at the tunnel portal can be accurately protected, so that the construction efficiency is effectively improved, the material required by slope protection is saved, the construction cost is reduced, the operation risk of personnel in high-risk blind areas is reduced, and the construction safety is improved.
Claims (9)
1. A method for accurately protecting a high slope at a tunnel portal is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: 1) arranging image control points at the positions without shelters in the mountain residual hill survey area; 2) collecting images of a high slope protection area by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; 3) carrying out real scene modeling on the collected image by using Smart3D software; 4) acquiring data information of a protection area; 5) performing protected area watershed analysis by using BIM software; 6) a high slope safety protection scheme is formulated through analysis of the structure; 7) and carrying out accurate construction according to the scheme.
2. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), selecting a region with relatively flat terrain and good visual field condition, distributing image control points in a measuring range, and making marks by adopting eye-catching color paint or selecting house corners and curbs as fixed points; and measuring and recording the image control point positions by using an RTK instrument.
3. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology is utilized, a plurality of sensors are carried on the same flight platform, and images are acquired from the vertical direction and the four oblique angles according to a set air route.
4. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step 3), the image data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle is subjected to aerial triangulation calculation by utilizing Smart3D software, and the image is subjected to image adding and point control position adjustment to generate a three-dimensional live-action model after the image is subjected to image adding and point control position adjustment.
5. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step 4), the three-dimensional live-action model is directly measured by utilizing Smart3D software, and the information of the elevation point position, the slope, the protection area and the visual field blind area of the protection area is obtained.
6. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: in the step 5), outputting the real-scene model obtained from Smart3D software through a KML format file, importing the real-scene model into Civil 3D software, and performing drainage path reduction and accumulated water analysis on the protection area by using the Civil 3D software; according to analysis, a catchwater ditch is arranged at a position which is not less than 3m away from a slope surface according to the trend of a protection slope surface and a mountain body at the position where flowing water is easy to gather, and surface water is drained to a section with a slow slope for centralized discharge.
7. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step 6), according to the obtained height point position, gradient and protection area information of the protection area, performing mechanical analysis calculation, falling protection safety rope calculation and active protection net area calculation, and making a resource allocation plan; aiming at the part needing slope protection, installing and fixing an encrypted steel rope net and a reinforced anti-falling net; finally, the integral protection is formed.
8. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: in the step 6), before the steel rope net is encrypted and the anti-falling net is fastened and connected, slope cleaning and anchor rod construction are required, and the anchoring length of the mountain top anchor rod and the anchoring length of the anti-falling net anchor rod are calculated before the anchor rod construction.
9. The method for accurately protecting the high slope of the tunnel portal according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: in the step 7), the high slope precise protection scheme is carried out, and site constructors are familiar with the three-dimensional live-action model to carry out construction accurately.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116467774A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-21 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Method and system for constructing tunnel portal slope protection scheme |
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2021
- 2021-07-29 CN CN202110861230.7A patent/CN113591190A/en active Pending
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| CN116467774A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-21 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Method and system for constructing tunnel portal slope protection scheme |
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Application publication date: 20211102 |