CN113589279A - Phased array geological radar and method for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases - Google Patents
Phased array geological radar and method for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN113589279A CN113589279A CN202110805820.8A CN202110805820A CN113589279A CN 113589279 A CN113589279 A CN 113589279A CN 202110805820 A CN202110805820 A CN 202110805820A CN 113589279 A CN113589279 A CN 113589279A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
- G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a phased array geological radar and a method for detecting diseases of a tunnel lining structure, and the method carries out large-angle scanning by controlling the position of an antenna array system and the position and the angle of each antenna, and records the position of a target body when scanning a strong reflection target body; generating radar beam control parameters including waveform amplitude and frequency in each pulse period according to the position of a target body and acquired data, and calculating real-time wave control code values of the phase shifter, feed amplitude values of each power divider and working states of the antenna according to the control parameters; the control phase shifter changes the direction of scanning beams, small-angle fine scanning is carried out near the coverage area and the target body position of the mode, accurate control and large-range scanning of the phased array geological radar beam direction can be achieved, and then fine detection of tunnel deeper surrounding rock damage or defects is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of tunnel lining structure disease detection, and particularly relates to a phased array geological radar and a method for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The geological radar has wide application field, and can effectively solve various problems of site investigation, line selection, disease diagnosis, geological structure and the like. With the rapid increase of the demand in the field of engineering detection in recent years, the geological radar becomes an effective way for detecting the safety of important engineering projects in China. The high-frequency short pulse electromagnetic wave directionally transmitted by the transmitting antenna is transmitted underground, the spatial position, the structure, the form and the buried depth of an underground medium are deduced by analyzing the characteristics of the waveform, the amplitude intensity, the time change and the like of the received electromagnetic wave, and the geological radar has the advantages of continuous detection process, convenience in operation, high resolution and the like. Tunnel lining, as a permanent structure that refers to supporting and securing the long-term stability and durability of a tunnel, must have sufficient strength, durability, and certain resistance to freezing, permeation, and erosion. The tunnel has potential safety hazards due to the fact that the tunnel is seriously threatened by diseases such as cracks, cavities and the like, time and labor are consumed for manual detection, and the problems of time and labor consumption and inconvenience in finding are solved.
The inventor finds that due to the fact that electromagnetic wave beams have strong scattering and diffraction phenomena in surrounding rock and concrete complex media, the propagation rule is extremely complex, the interference characteristics of the electromagnetic wave beams are also extremely complex, and when the electromagnetic wave passes through underground media, compared with a space medium, the electromagnetic wave is relatively uniform and opposite to an air radar, the energy attenuation of the electromagnetic wave is large, the attenuation is fast, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the detection depth and the detection accuracy of the geological radar are severely limited by the factors. In addition, the complexity of surrounding rocks and structures causes that sidelobes and grating lobes are easy to generate when the phased array geological radar scans in a large range, the scanning range and the directional focusing precision of electromagnetic beams are severely restricted, and the phased array geological radar becomes a main obstacle for the phased array geological radar to perform fine detection on deep target bodies. These problems and technical bottlenecks are just a few of the core problems that currently restrict the development of geological radars.
Meanwhile, the detection depth and precision of the current geological radar are still to be improved, for example, in a traditional single-transmitting single-receiving geological radar observation mode, along with the increase of the detection depth and the rapid attenuation of signals, the detection precision is reduced, and the fine detection of the damage or the defect of the surrounding rock at a deeper position is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The phased array geological radar and the method for detecting the tunnel lining structure diseases can realize accurate control and large-range scanning of the beam direction of the phased array geological radar, and further are beneficial to fine detection of damage or defects of surrounding rocks in a deeper position of a tunnel.
According to some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
a phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases comprises a movable mechanism, wherein a medium substrate is arranged on the movable mechanism, an antenna array system is arranged at the lower end of the medium substrate, each antenna in the antenna array system is connected with an independent transmission line, and each antenna in the antenna array system is connected with a corresponding phase shifter respectively, so that the position and/or the angle of each antenna relative to the medium substrate can be adjusted;
the feeding points of the transmission lines are connected with each other, the power divider is connected with a power supply, each antenna is controlled by a beam control unit, and the beam control unit is used for generating a phase shifter wave control code and a power dividing value of the power divider so as to control the phase difference of signals transmitted by the antennas and the feeding amplitude of the antennas;
the beam control unit is connected with a signal processing system, and the signal processing system is used for receiving and analyzing the detection data, generating radar beam control parameters and transmitting the radar beam control parameters to the beam control unit and the antenna array system.
As an alternative implementation, the movable mechanism includes a housing, a handle is disposed at an upper end of the housing, a plurality of wheels are disposed at a lower end of the housing, an opening is disposed at a lower end of the housing, so that the antenna array system can move up and down, a telescopic mechanism is disposed in the housing, the telescopic mechanism acts on the antenna array system, the overall position of the antenna array system can be changed, and the telescopic mechanism is configured with a locking device, so as to lock a relative position of the antenna array system with respect to the housing.
As an alternative embodiment, the antenna array system includes a plurality of horn antennas, a waveguide portion of each horn antenna is obliquely disposed above the dielectric substrate, each horn antenna is connected with a phase shifter, and a phased array arrangement mode with equal spacing and unequal axial included angles is formed by changing an axial included angle of the horn antenna;
each horn antenna is equidistantly arranged on the dielectric substrate, and takes the geometric center of the dielectric substrate as a central point, and a plurality of groups of horn antennas are circumferentially distributed, wherein the horn antennas at different distances from the central point have different axis included angles, and the distances have positive correlation with the axis included angles.
As an alternative embodiment, the transmission lines are arranged coaxially, each transmission line is diffused from the geometric center of the dielectric substrate to the boundary along the radius, and each transmission line from the center to the boundary adopts a center feeding mode to form a primary feeding network;
the feeding points of each transmission line are connected to form a secondary feeding network, and a power supply is forced to feed to each transmission line through a power divider.
As an alternative embodiment, the beam control unit includes a subarray antenna controller and a transmit/receive component, wherein the transmit/receive component includes a phase shifter, a power divider, and a transmit/receive module; the subarray antenna controller is connected with the rest components in the beam control unit through a lead, the phase shifter is positioned at the next stage of the transmitting/receiving module, and the phase shifter and the transmitting/receiving module are connected through leads; the subarray antenna controller is used for calculating the wave control code value required by each phase shifter in the array and the power distribution value of each power distributor to the antenna unit.
As an alternative embodiment, the information processing system includes a central processing unit, a memory and a system bus, the central processing unit is configured to process the detection data, the memory is configured to store the propagation law of electromagnetic waves in a typical surrounding rock and concrete complex medium and corresponding phase shifter control parameters, the pointing coefficients corresponding to the inclination angles of the known antenna array, the antenna feeder initial phase compensation and nonlinear temperature compensation values and the random phase feeding compensation reference value, and the system bus is used for receiving the data.
The working method based on the phased array geological radar comprises the following steps:
controlling the position of the antenna array system and the position and the angle of each antenna, carrying out large-angle scanning, and recording the position of a target body when a strong reflection target body is scanned;
generating radar beam control parameters including waveform amplitude and frequency in each pulse period according to the position of a target body and acquired data, and calculating real-time wave control code values of the phase shifter, feed amplitude values of each power divider and working states of the antenna according to the control parameters;
and controlling the phase shifter to change the direction of the scanning beam, and performing small-angle fine scanning on the area covered by the mode and the position nearby the target body.
According to the technical scheme, the adaptive phased array observation method suitable for the complex engineering environment is formed by establishing a new beam large-angle scanning and adaptive scanning method of 'coarse scanning and fine scanning', so that the detection depth is large, and the spatial resolution is high.
As an alternative embodiment, the specific process of controlling the phase shifter to change the direction of the scanned beam includes: according to the vector superposition rule of the wave fronts of a plurality of beams of electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna array system in the independent transmission process, the electromagnetic wave transmitting phase of each antenna in the antenna array system is controlled, so that the focusing and energy enhancing effects of the synthesized electromagnetic waves are realized.
As an alternative embodiment, when analyzing the collected data, the electromagnetic wave energy compensation is performed, and the specific process includes: establishing a propagation model of a typical phased-array antenna synthesized electromagnetic wave beam in a surrounding rock and concrete complex medium according to response characteristics of a plurality of items in the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, the vibration direction, the phase and the frequency to the heterogeneous media with different scales;
analyzing the interference characteristics of the reflection wavelets of the detection target in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction respectively to obtain the energy distribution characteristics and the attenuation rule of the synthetic electromagnetic wave in a three-dimensional space, calculating the attenuation coefficient of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a typical concrete medium, and compensating the electromagnetic wave energy according to the attenuation coefficient.
As an alternative embodiment, the specific process of controlling the phase shifter to change the direction of the scanned beam includes: according to the principle that the spatial phase difference of signals between adjacent antennas is equal to the phase difference in the array, relative wave control codes of different antennas in the array are calculated, a directional coefficient is calculated according to a direction angle in the wave control codes, a real-time code value is calculated according to the directional coefficient, correction parameters in a prestored place are combined for superposition, a control code value required by each phase shifter is calculated, a beam control time sequence signal is generated to drive each phase shifter, and the purpose that a beam points to a designated direction is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
according to the phased array horn antenna array system, the horn antenna is used as the minimum antenna unit of the antenna array, the good radiation characteristic of the horn antenna is utilized to form the phased array horn antenna array system, and the horn antenna is obliquely placed on the medium substrate, so that the accurate control and large-range scanning of the beam direction of the phased array geological radar are conveniently realized;
according to the method, the antenna unit division and the amplitude weighting network are adopted, the horn antenna is divided regionally to form the antenna unit for feeding, so that not only can the reconstruction of an energy directional diagram be realized, but also the power of the antenna in a specific direction can be enhanced; the antenna units are subjected to amplitude weighting control, and high-precision utilization of resources can be realized according to detection requirements of different angles and different directions.
The disclosure provides a large-angle and self-adaptive working mode of 'coarse scanning and fine scanning', and the fineness degree of a scanning mode is determined by analyzing the strength of a target reflection signal, so that a self-adaptive phased array observation method suitable for a complex engineering environment is formed.
The utility model provides a new observation mode of a multi-emission single-receiving phased array of a geological radar, which is based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle followed in the transmission process of electromagnetic waves and the interference effect of multi-beam electromagnetic waves, and realizes the precise control of the transmission direction of the synthesized electromagnetic waves and the energy at the detection target by precisely controlling the time of the transmitting antenna array element reaching the target position, thereby improving the detection depth and precision of the geological radar;
according to the data analysis method, the electromagnetic interference of the environment where the geological radar is located can be automatically judged based on deep learning, the interference is timely filtered and subjected to noise reduction, the active learning capacity of the radar system to the electromagnetic environment where the geological radar is located is enhanced, intelligent anti-interference processing is realized, and the signal to noise ratio of signals is improved.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased array geological radar for detecting a tunnel lining structural damage according to the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a working method of a phased array geological radar for detecting a tunnel lining structural damage according to the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the feed network provided in this embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of an antenna unit of a phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural damage according to the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam control unit of a phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural damage according to the present embodiment;
fig. 6(a) is a diagram of a coordinate relationship of beam control of a phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases according to the embodiment;
fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the element arrangement of a two-dimensional phased array antenna of a phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases according to this embodiment.
The antenna comprises a horn antenna 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a transmission line 3, a beam control unit 4, a signal processing system 5, a telescopic rod 6, a thread knob 7, wheels 8, a handle 9, a feed point 10, a subarray control machine 11, a transmitter 12, a receiver 13, a transceiving switch 14, a phase shifter 15, a power divider 16 and a protective shell 17.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
The phased array geological radar for detecting the tunnel lining structure diseases is suitable for the field of geological disaster detection.
As shown in fig. 1, a phased array geological radar for detecting a tunnel lining structure disease according to the embodiment includes: the system comprises a phased array antenna array, a beam control unit, a signal processing system, a telescopic connecting device and a protective shell unit;
the phased array antenna array comprises a horn antenna system, a feed network and a dielectric substrate 2. The phased array antenna array is installed at the next stage of the beam control unit and connected to the feed point 10 in the feed network through a phase shifter 15.
In the specific implementation mode, the horn antenna 1 adopts a conical horn antenna, each wall of the antenna is made of metal, a waveguide part of the horn antenna 1 is obliquely arranged above the dielectric substrate 2, the waveguide is excited in an electric excitation mode, each horn antenna 1 is connected with a phase shifter 15, and by changing the axis included angle of the horn antenna 1, a phased array arrangement mode with equal spacing and unequal axis included angles is formed: the horn antennas 1 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 2 at equal intervals, the distances of the geometric centers of the dielectric substrates are used as indexes, the horn antennas at different distances have different axis included angles, and the distances and the axis included angles have positive correlation. The horn antenna which is obliquely arranged is beneficial to realizing large-angle scanning; the dielectric substrate is made of non-conductor materials including but not limited to epoxy resin materials, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, microfiber and the like.
The feed network is disposed on the dielectric substrate. As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of coaxially arranged transmission lines 3 are respectively connected with each horn antenna 1, the transmission lines 3 are diffused from the geometric center of the dielectric substrate to the boundary along the radius, and each transmission line 3 from the center to the boundary adopts a center feed mode to form a primary feed network. The feeding points 10 of each transmission line 3 are connected to form a secondary feeding network, and a common source forcibly feeds power to each transmission line through a power divider, so that the effect of dividing the antenna units is achieved.
It is understood that, in other embodiments, the feedhorn in the antenna array system may take other shapes, and the feed network may also take other feeding manners, and those skilled in the art may specifically select the structural forms of the feedhorn and the feed network according to actual situations.
As shown in fig. 5, the beam steering unit is located between the antenna array system and the signal processing system, and the whole may be in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or the like. The beam control unit includes a subarray antenna controller 11, a transmission/reception component. The transmitting/receiving component includes a phase shifter 15, a power divider 16, and a transmitting/receiving module. The subarray antenna controller 11 is connected with the rest of the beam control unit through a lead, and the phase shifter 15 is located at the next stage of the transmitting/receiving module and connected through a lead. The whole wave beam control unit is used for generating real-time phase shifter wave control codes and power distribution values of the power divider so as to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the phase difference of antenna transmitting signals and the feeding amplitude of the antenna.
In a specific embodiment, the subarray antenna controller is an FPGA integrated circuit, the FPGA is designed synchronously, and the main modules are divided into a timer module, a scanning module, a beam coding module, a tracking module, a data selector, an address decoder, a D trigger delay module and a phase shifter control code lookup table ROM module. The specific model of the FPGA is a ProASICplus series chip APA300 programmed by an Actel company based on a Flash switch. The device is manufactured by adopting a 0.22 mu m and 4-layer metal process, comprises a30 ten-thousand-door system door and has 72Kbit embedded RAM resources, programming information is stored in a Flash programmable logic switch, and the device has the characteristics of low power consumption, high density, non-volatility, repeated programming, no need of a special programming chip and the like.
Of course, in other embodiments, other control chips or circuits may be used for the subarray antenna controller.
The subarray antenna controller 11 is used for calculating a wave control code value required by each phase shifter 15 in the array and a power distribution value of each power distributor 16 to the antenna unit; the phase difference of the antenna transmitting signals is accurately controlled through the phase shifter 15, and the feed amplitude of each antenna unit is accurately controlled through the power divider 16, so that the scanning effects of reasonable resource configuration and accurate beam focusing are achieved.
The T/R module consists of a transmitter 12, a receiver 13, and a transmit-receive switch 14, and the transmitter 12 may be implemented by a microwave transistor or a microwave field effect transistor to provide a radar with a high-power rf signal with modulated carrier. The receiver 13 may use a superheterodyne receiver to perform preselection, amplification, frequency conversion, filtering, demodulation, and digitization on a weak signal received by a radar antenna, and suppress external interference clutter and machine noise, so that the echo signal retains target information as much as possible for further signal processing and data processing. The duplexer 14 may be a PIN diode or a relay, and the operation states of the transmitter 12 and the receiver 13 may be controlled by the duplexer 14. Each transmitter 12 corresponds to one phase shifter 15, each antenna subarray corresponds to one receiver 13, and the T/R module with the antenna subarray as a unit comprises one receiver and a plurality of transmitters. The power divider can adopt a T-shaped Y-shaped power divider (such as a Wilkinson power divider) to accurately control the feeding amplitude of each horn antenna.
It is understood that the main control chip of the subarray antenna controller may also adopt other types of processors, and the types of the transmitter and the receiver also include, but are not limited to, the listed types, and those skilled in the art can specifically select the required type according to actual situations.
The signal processing system is used for collecting, storing, retrieving, processing, converting and transmitting various signals and information and comprises a central processing unit, a memory and a system bus.
In the embodiment, the central processing unit adopts a method based on semi-supervised learning, trains a neural network through electromagnetic interference data with labels to realize the effect of automatic judgment of electromagnetic interference, and in the embodiment, the central processing unit adopts an S3C2410X of a RISC microprocessor, adopts an inner core of an ARM920T, supports a big-end mode and a small-end mode, divides a storage space into eight groups, has a 16KB Cache, is provided with complete universal peripherals, and reduces the system cost.
The Memory stores the propagation rule of electromagnetic waves in a typical surrounding rock and concrete complex medium, corresponding phase shifter control parameters, pointing coefficients corresponding to the known antenna array inclination angles, antenna feeder line initial phase compensation and nonlinear temperature compensation values and random feed phase compensation reference values, so that data can be conveniently called during beam control, and the Memory of the embodiment adopts a 28F008 SA Memory of Flash Memory of Intel corporation; the system bus is used for data communication with each system except the system bus.
It is understood that in other embodiments, other existing methods may be used to train the neural network for data recognition to recognize electromagnetic interference; the models of the central processor and the memory can also be selected according to specific situations.
The telescopic connection device, which serves as a support and connection assembly to connect the main processor unit to the protective housing unit 17, comprises a telescopic rod 6 and a coaxial threaded knob 7. The telescopic link 6 chooses for use the carbon fiber material, not only can reduce the interference that adopts the metal material to radar antenna signal but also improves the portability of whole device through the lightness of material. The telescopic link divide into inner tube and outer tube two parts, is equipped with the locking device that can be locked or loosen the outer tube by the pivoted inner tube drive between inner tube and the outer tube, and locking device meets with the screw thread knob, can change the length of telescopic link and then change the position of antenna for the protective housing overcoat through coaxial screw thread knob, for the rate of wear that slows down screw thread knob and telescopic link, the thread knob coats with lubricating grease.
It is understood that the shape, length and material of the telescopic rod can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
The protective shell unit comprises a protective shell 17, a handle 9 and wheels 8. The protective shell 17 is made of silicon-containing PC EX9330L, is of a hollow cuboid structure as a whole, but is not sealed at the bottom surface, so that the radar antenna can move up and down conveniently. The upper end surface of the protective shell is made of metal materials, and the unidirectionality of electromagnetic waves is guaranteed. In addition, handle 9, wheel 8 are put to the protective housing outside, and the removal and the carrying of phased array geological radar during operation are convenient for.
It will be understood that the shapes and materials of the protective shell, the handle and the wheel may be selected by those skilled in the art by modifying the materials and shapes according to specific conditions.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the horn antenna in the antenna array breaks through the technical situation that the antenna is perpendicular to the dielectric substrate, and the effect of large-angle scanning is achieved through the antennas at different angles at different positions; the feed network is divided into a two-stage architecture, each feed point in the primary feed network corresponds to one phase shifter and one power divider, and the feed points in the secondary feed network correspond to one power divider for power distribution of the primary feed network. The hierarchical structure of the feed network is convenient for the rapid and reasonable distribution of feed resources, and is beneficial to the accurate control of the subarray controller on the wave beam so as to achieve the effect of focusing and scanning.
Specifically, in the subarray controller, the control process of the feed network is as follows:
calculating the wave control code of each phase shifter and the feed amplitude of the power divider in an initial mode to carry out rough scanning, and recording the position of a target body when a strong reflection target body is scanned;
the 'fine scanning' mode is automatically adopted, namely the phase of the phase shifter and the power divider of the secondary feed network are controlled to change the direction of the scanning beam, and finer beam focusing scanning is carried out near the target in the covered area.
The technical scheme has the advantage that the feeding process is quicker and more accurate when focusing and scanning in a certain direction through the working mode of large-angle self-adaptive scanning of 'rough scanning + fine scanning'.
The antenna height can be adjusted's mode, through the position of flexible connecting device adjustment antenna unit for protection device, ensures the demand under the different operating conditions, has improved the adaptability of geological radar to complicated operational environment.
The working method of the phased-array geological radar for detecting the tunnel lining structure diseases comprises the following steps:
a new mode of multi-sending single-receiving phased array observation of a geological radar is provided;
a new mode of electromagnetic wave energy compensation is provided;
a large-angle and self-adaptive working mode of coarse scanning and fine scanning is provided;
the active learning capacity of the radar system to the electromagnetic environment is enhanced, and an intelligent anti-interference processing flow is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the work flow of the whole system is:
target data and instructions are analyzed through a signal processing system to generate radar beam control parameters such as waveform amplitude, frequency, pulse period and the like, the instructions are sent to a subarray antenna controller, the subarray antenna controller calculates real-time wave control code values of phase shifters, feed amplitudes of all power distributors and working states of transmitting/receiving modules, and signals are transmitted to all units through wires to achieve transmitting and receiving of the signals.
As shown in fig. 6(a) and (b), an example of the process of implementing the beam pointing to the designated direction is:
in a phased array antenna with N rows and M columns of antenna units vertical to a dielectric substrate, assuming that the lower left corner of an antenna array surface is taken as a coordinate origin, the array unit interval is d, and the antenna beam direction can be determined by the direction in a spherical coordinate system
And (4) showing. Calculating the phase difference between the (m, n) th unit and the (0,0) th unit in the array according to the principle that the space phase difference and the in-array phase difference of the signals between the adjacent units are equalThe wave control code is:
beam steering system pass angle
Calculating the orientation coefficients (alpha, beta), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the calculation formula of the wave control code is as follows:
Am，n＝mα+nβ+A0
in the formula, A0Is a correction value of the phase shifter.
An obliquely placed antenna may be equivalent to an oblique placement of the radar front, and if a certain antenna is tilted by an angle D, the directivity coefficient may be expressed as:
the signal processing system of the geological radar calculates the converted pointing coefficients (alpha, beta) and transmits the quantized pointing coefficients to the beam control unit, the subarray antenna controller calculates the real-time code value of the components, then the correction parameters in the memory are superposed on the corresponding components, the control code value required by each phase shifter is calculated, and a beam control time sequence signal is generated to drive each phase shifter, so that the beams point to the designated direction.
This embodiment application protective housing unit realizes the protection to precious geological phased array radar, and the protective housing unit has set up handle and wheel simultaneously, the removal and the carrying of the phased array geological radar of being convenient for.
In the embodiment, amplitude feeding and phase feeding control is performed on the power divider and the phase shifter through the subarray controller, two working modes of coarse scanning and fine scanning are further formed, and finally, the effect of self-adaptive scanning of diseases is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structure diseases is characterized in that: the antenna array system comprises a movable mechanism, wherein a dielectric substrate is arranged on the movable mechanism, an antenna array system is arranged at the lower end of the dielectric substrate, each antenna in the antenna array system is connected with a separate transmission line, and each antenna in the antenna array system is respectively connected with a corresponding phase shifter, so that the position and/or the angle of each antenna relative to the dielectric substrate can be adjusted;
the feeding points of the transmission lines are connected with each other, the power divider is connected with a power supply, each antenna is controlled by a beam control unit, and the beam control unit is used for generating a phase shifter wave control code and a power dividing value of the power divider so as to control the phase difference of signals transmitted by the antennas and the feeding amplitude of the antennas;
the beam control unit is connected with a signal processing system, and the signal processing system is used for receiving and analyzing the detection data, generating radar beam control parameters and transmitting the radar beam control parameters to the beam control unit and the antenna array system.
2. A phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural defects as claimed in claim 1, characterised by: the movable mechanism comprises a shell, a handle is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a plurality of wheels are arranged at the lower end of the shell, an opening is formed in the lower end of the shell and used for the antenna array system to move up and down, a telescopic mechanism is arranged in the shell and acts on the antenna array system, the overall position of the antenna array system can be changed, and the telescopic mechanism is provided with a locking device to lock the relative position of the antenna array system relative to the shell.
3. A phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural defects as claimed in claim 1, characterised by: the antenna array system comprises a plurality of horn antennas, waveguide parts of the horn antennas are obliquely arranged above a dielectric substrate, each horn antenna is connected with a phase shifter, and a phased array arrangement mode with equal spacing and unequal axis included angles is formed by changing the axis included angles of the horn antennas;
each horn antenna is equidistantly arranged on the dielectric substrate, and takes the geometric center of the dielectric substrate as a central point, and a plurality of groups of horn antennas are circumferentially distributed, wherein the horn antennas at different distances from the central point have different axis included angles, and the distances have positive correlation with the axis included angles.
4. A phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural defects as claimed in claim 1, characterised by: the transmission lines are coaxially arranged, the transmission lines are diffused to the boundary from the geometric center of the dielectric substrate along the radius, and each transmission line from the center to the boundary adopts a center feed mode to form a primary feed network;
the feeding points of each transmission line are connected to form a secondary feeding network, and a power supply is forced to feed to each transmission line through a power divider.
5. A phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural defects as claimed in claim 1, characterised by: the beam control unit comprises a subarray antenna controller and a transmitting/receiving component, wherein the transmitting/receiving component comprises a phase shifter, a power divider and a transmitting/receiving module; the subarray antenna controller is connected with the rest components in the beam control unit through a lead, the phase shifter is positioned at the next stage of the transmitting/receiving module, and the phase shifter and the transmitting/receiving module are connected through leads; the subarray antenna controller is used for calculating the wave control code value required by each phase shifter in the array and the power distribution value of each power distributor to the antenna unit.
6. A phased array geological radar for detecting tunnel lining structural defects as claimed in claim 1, characterised by: the information processing system comprises a central processing unit, a memory and a system bus, wherein the central processing unit is configured to process detection data, the memory is configured to store electromagnetic wave propagation rules and corresponding phase shifter control parameters of electromagnetic waves in typical surrounding rock and concrete complex media, pointing coefficients corresponding to various inclination angles of a known antenna array, antenna feeder initial phase compensation and nonlinear temperature compensation values and random feed phase compensation reference values, and the system bus is used for receiving data.
7. The method of operating a phased array geological radar according to any of claims 1-6, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the position of the antenna array system and the position and the angle of each antenna, carrying out large-angle scanning, and recording the position of a target body when a strong reflection target body is scanned;
generating radar beam control parameters including waveform amplitude and frequency in each pulse period according to the position of a target body and acquired data, and calculating real-time wave control code values of the phase shifter, feed amplitude values of each power divider and working states of the antenna according to the control parameters;
and controlling the phase shifter to change the direction of the scanning beam, and performing small-angle fine scanning on the area covered by the mode and the position nearby the target body.
8. The method of operation of claim 7, wherein: the specific process of controlling the phase shifter to change the direction of the scanned beam includes: according to the vector superposition rule of the wave fronts of a plurality of beams of electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna array system in the independent transmission process, the electromagnetic wave transmitting phase of each antenna in the antenna array system is controlled, so that the focusing and energy enhancing effects of the synthesized electromagnetic waves are realized.
9. The method of operation of claim 7, wherein: when the collected data are analyzed, electromagnetic wave energy compensation is carried out, and the specific process comprises the following steps: establishing a propagation model of a typical phased-array antenna synthesized electromagnetic wave beam in a surrounding rock and concrete complex medium according to response characteristics of a plurality of items in the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, the vibration direction, the phase and the frequency to the heterogeneous media with different scales;
analyzing the interference characteristics of the reflection wavelets of the detection target in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction respectively to obtain the energy distribution characteristics and the attenuation rule of the synthetic electromagnetic wave in a three-dimensional space, calculating the attenuation coefficient of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a typical concrete medium, and compensating the electromagnetic wave energy according to the attenuation coefficient.
10. The method of operation of claim 7, wherein: the specific process of controlling the phase shifter to change the direction of the scanned beam includes: according to the principle that the spatial phase difference of signals between adjacent antennas is equal to the phase difference in the array, relative wave control codes of different antennas in the array are calculated, a directional coefficient is calculated according to a direction angle in the wave control codes, a real-time code value is calculated according to the directional coefficient, correction parameters in a prestored place are combined for superposition, a control code value required by each phase shifter is calculated, a beam control time sequence signal is generated to drive each phase shifter, and the purpose that a beam points to a designated direction is achieved.
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