CN113588685B - Method and system for detecting defect size of valve core hole - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting defect size of valve core hole Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/003—Machine valves
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
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- G01N2021/4742—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres comprising optical fibres
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole, which are used for primarily judging the defect: the method comprises the steps of spirally propelling to the inner wall of a valve core hole to emit quantitative original light, receiving reflected light reflected from the inner wall, comparing the reflected light flux of the reflected light with the original light flux of the original light, and primarily judging that the valve core hole is defective when the difference value of the light fluxes is greater than or equal to a preset value A and sending a primarily judging defective signal; and (3) confirming defects: delivering gas to the preliminary judgment position, acquiring the gas flow of the gas, comparing the gas flow with the initial gas flow, and judging that the position is determined to be defective when the gas flow difference is greater than or equal to a preset value B; and judging the size of the defect. The invention combines the light detection and the air flow detection to judge whether the valve core hole has defects or not, and judges the size of the defect hole, and uses an automatic measurement mode to replace a manual check valve body Kong Quexian; and quantifying the defects of the valve core hole, and replacing manual judgment of the quality of the wall of the valve core hole subjectively through an endoscope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to valve core detection, in particular to a method and a system for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole.
Background
The gearbox is the core component of the automobile, and the valve body assembly is the core component of the gearbox. The valve body assembly sends instructions to the gearbox according to the conditions of engine load, vehicle speed and the like, and the transmission ratio is changed, so that the automobile obtains good dynamic property and fuel economy, and the emission pollution of the engine is reduced. Because the valve core moves along the axis in the valve core hole, the quality requirement on the wall of the valve core hole is high: it cannot have the defects of air holes, shrinkage porosity or skin warping.
In the prior art, a valve core hole is projected to a display in an enlarged mode through an endoscope, and hole wall defects are checked manually.
Disadvantages:
(1) The dependence on manpower is large;
(2) Visual fatigue is easy, and missed detection and false detection often occur;
(3) The inspection standard is subjective and cannot be quantified;
(4) The efficiency is lower as the detection can only be seen one by one.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole, which combine light detection and air flow detection to judge whether the valve core hole is defective or not, judge the size of the defect hole, and replace a manual check valve body Kong Quexian by using an automatic measurement mode; and quantifying the defects of the valve core hole, and replacing manual judgment of the quality of the wall of the valve core hole subjectively through an endoscope.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole comprises the following steps:
Preliminary determination of defects: the method comprises the steps of spirally propelling to the inner wall of a valve core hole to emit quantitative original light, receiving reflected light reflected from the inner wall, comparing the reflected light flux phi 1 of the reflected light with the original light flux phi 0 of the original light, primarily judging that the valve core hole is defective when the light flux difference delta phi is larger than or equal to a preset value A, and sending a primarily judging defective signal;
And (3) confirming defects: delivering gas to the preliminary judgment position, obtaining the gas flow Q 1 of the gas, comparing the gas flow Q 1 with the initial gas flow Q 0, and judging that the position is determined to be defective when the gas flow difference delta Q is larger than or equal to a preset value B;
judging the size of the defect: and judging that the defects belong to one of small, medium and large types according to the data range of the air flow difference delta Q.
Further, before the defect confirmation step, the method further comprises the following sub-steps:
Positioning the primary position: recording the position information of the defect which is preliminarily determined, wherein the position information comprises: the length L0 of the defect from the inlet of the valve core hole and the angle theta 0 of the defect from the marking are arranged on the end face of the inlet of the valve core hole.
Further, after the step of locating the preliminary location, and before the step of confirming the defect, the method further comprises the following sub-steps:
Acquiring the position of a gas conveying port: recording position information of a gas delivery port, wherein the position information includes: the length L1 of the center point of the gas conveying port from the valve core hole inlet and the angle theta 1 of the center point of the gas conveying port from the marking line;
Aligning the preliminary positions: the center point coordinates (L1, θ1) of the gas delivery port are moved and rotated to the preliminary positions (L0, θ0).
Further, the luminous flux difference ΔΦ, the reflected luminous flux Φ 1, and the original luminous flux Φ 0 of the original light satisfy the following formulas:
and/> 。
Further, the air flow quantity difference Δq, the air flow quantity Q 1, and the initial air flow quantity Q 0 satisfy the following formula:
。
further, the gas delivery port and the light emitting end are synchronously moved.
Further, when light is emitted, the delivery of the gas is stopped; when the gas is delivered, the emission of light is stopped.
A system for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole comprises
The emission end is used for emitting quantitative light rays to the inner wall of the valve core hole;
The receiving end is used for receiving the reflected light rays reflected from the inner wall of the valve core hole;
the gas conveying channel is provided with a gas conveying port and is used for conveying gas to the inner wall of the valve core hole;
the gas flow sensor is used for detecting the size of the gas flow;
And the processor is used for executing the method.
Further, the transmitting end and the receiving end are positioned at the front part of the advancing direction, and the gas conveying port is positioned at the rear parts of the transmitting end and the receiving end.
Further, the device also comprises a detection rod, wherein the emission end and the receiving end are arranged on the side wall of the end part of the detection rod, the emission optical fiber and the receiving optical fiber are arranged in the detection rod, the gas conveying channel is arranged in the detection rod, and the gas conveying port is arranged on the side wall of the end part of the detection rod and is positioned behind the emission end and the receiving end; the device also comprises a driving piece which is used for driving the detection rod to move forwards and backwards and rotate forwards and backwards.
In summary, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:
1. The invention detects certain luminous flux through the light sensor, light reaches the front end of the detection head through the optical fiber at the emission end, and is emitted to the surface of the hole wall through the emitter, and when the hole wall is defect-free, all emitted light or most of emitted light can be reflected to the receiving end; when the hole wall is defective, diffuse reflection is generated because of uneven surface of the defect, and the receiving end cannot receive all light rays. The reflected light enters a light receiver through a receiving end optical fiber, the light receiver compares the luminous flux of the previous light sensor, and when the difference value of the luminous flux and the luminous flux is larger than a certain value, the system preliminarily judges that the hole wall is defective;
2. when the surface of the detected hole is smooth and has no defects, the gap between the detection head and the detected hole is uniform, and the air flow can flow out stably; when the detected hole wall is defective, the gap between the detection head and the detected hole is enlarged, and the outflow air flow is enlarged; when the light detection and the air flow detection are both defects, judging that the defects are determined;
3. The invention adopts the gas flow sensor, through detecting the change of the air flow flowing out of the head, and by utilizing the light sensor, the defect size of the valve core hole can be quantitatively fed back through measuring the change between light emission and light receiving, so that the quality of the valve core hole can be subjectively judged by an endoscope instead of manual work, the inspection standard is uniform, and the precision is high;
4. The invention can automatically detect products simultaneously by multiple detection heads, replaces manual one by one detection, and has higher efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for detecting defects in a spool hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of preliminary detection of light;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of light detection with no defects;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of airflow-determination detection;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the detection of defects in the airflow.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Examples:
a method for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
S100, primarily judging defects: the method comprises the steps of spirally propelling to the inner wall of a valve core hole to emit quantitative original light, receiving reflected light reflected from the inner wall, comparing the reflected light flux phi 1 of the reflected light with the original light flux phi 0 of the original light, primarily judging that the valve core hole is defective when the light flux difference delta phi is larger than or equal to a preset value A, and sending a primarily judging defective signal;
The luminous flux difference Δφ, the reflected luminous flux φ 1 and the original luminous flux φ 0 of the original light satisfy the following formula:
and/> 。
In this step, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a quantitative light is used to detect whether there is a defect on the inner wall, and the light detection result is used as a preliminary determination result because there is an error regardless of the detection. However, since the light is quantitative, is emitted and received in the hole wall, and the spiral propulsion of the light is very slow, the motion only has and even does not have a small influence on the process of emitting, receiving and calculating the light, and the small influence can be ignored, so when the light detects that the light is defective, the light is primarily judged to be defective, and whether the light is defective or not and the size of the defect are further determined after the subsequent airflow detection.
In this embodiment, the original light is emitted to the inner wall by using a spiral pushing type, and the spiral pushing type may be a rotation+advancing type, or any structure capable of realizing spiral pushing type, such as a spiral rod, which is not described herein. The spiral propelling device ensures stable advancing and ensures that the distances between the transmitting end, the receiving end and the gas conveying port and the inner wall are consistent all the time.
The original light is quantitative, the quantity is phi 0, and the reflected light after being reflected by the inner wall becomes quantitativeIf the inner wall is free of defects, flat, the original light rays emitted can be almost totally reflected or mostly reflected, and when totally reflected,，/>When most is reflected,/>In a word/>In the present invention, it is specified that whenWhen the light exceeding the A part is not received by the receiving end, the diffuse reflection is shown to occur, and the defect is proved to exist at the position, when/>When the light is not received, the light smaller than the A part is set as a threshold value, and the judgment that the light is larger than the A is preliminary defective and the judgment that the light is smaller than the A is not defective.
And when the light rays preliminarily detect the defects, sending a preliminary judging defect signal, and waiting for the re-judging of the air flow.
S200, positioning the initial position: recording the position information of the defect which is preliminarily determined, wherein the position information comprises: the length L0 of the defect from the inlet of the valve core hole and the angle theta 0 of the defect from the marking are set on the end face of the inlet of the valve core hole;
when the light rays initially detect defects, the coordinate positions (L0, theta 0) of the positions are recorded, so that the gas conveying port can be conveniently moved to the positions;
Wherein, the length L0 of the defect from the inlet of the valve core hole is as follows: the vertical distance of the defect from the reference plane is measured by the system by taking the inlet plane of the valve core hole as the reference plane. The angle θ0 of the defect from the reticle means: on the end face of the valve core hole inlet, namely the reference surface, a marking is drawn on the side wall of the valve core, and the angle of the defect on the reference surface is recorded by taking the marking as a reference, and can be measured by a system. When the coordinate position (L0, θ0) of the defect is known, the defect position can be accurately located.
S300, acquiring the position of a gas conveying port: recording position information of a gas delivery port, wherein the position information includes: the length L1 of the center point of the gas conveying port from the valve core hole inlet and the angle theta 1 of the center point of the gas conveying port from the marking line;
In this embodiment, the gas delivery and the light emission are independent of each other, but the invention deals with the synchronous movement of the gas delivery port and the light emission, that is, when the light detects a defect, the gas delivery port has moved to the vicinity of the defect along with the emitting end of the receiving end of the light, but the coordinate position of the gas delivery port is known first instead of the defect position, so that the gas delivery port is transferred to the defect position.
And obtaining the center point coordinates (L1, theta 1) of the gas delivery port in accordance with the defect position obtaining method. Since the gas delivery port is small, the center point coordinates (L1, θ1) can represent the delivery port position.
S400, aligning the initial positions: the center point coordinates (L1, θ1) of the gas delivery port are moved and rotated to the preliminary positions (L0, θ0).
The (L1, θ1) and (L0, θ0) are overlapped by any member capable of advancing the gas delivery port, such as a cylinder, a motor, or a gear, and by any member capable of rotating the gas delivery port, such as a motor.
S500, confirming defects: delivering gas to the preliminary determination, acquiring the gas flow rate Q 1 of the gas, and comparing the gas flow rate Q 1 with the initial gas flow rate Q 0;
In this embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 4 and 5, before the coordinates (L1, θ1) of the center point of the gas delivery port reach the preliminary position (L0, θ0), the gas delivery is turned on, so that the gas delivery with the gas flow rate Q 0 is guaranteed when the gas reaches the defect, and when the gas is sprayed to the defect, if the defect or no defect exists in the defect, the gas flow rate Q 0 changes correspondingly, which is as follows:
The air flow difference Δq, the air flow Q 1, and the initial air flow Q 0 satisfy the following formulas:
；
S500-1, when the air flow difference value delta Q is larger than or equal to a preset value B, judging that the position is determined to be defective;
That is, when there is a defect, the length of the gas feed port from the inner wall (in this case, the depth of the defect) increases, and the gas flow rate increases when the distance increases When this is the case, it is determined that the defect is present.
S500-2, when the air flow difference value delta Q is smaller than a preset value B, judging whether the defect is determined according to the following formula and according to a preset value C:
; k is a coefficient;
When the above formula is satisfied, judging that the defect is determined, otherwise judging that the defect is not present;
In this embodiment, the light is initially detected as defective, i.e While the air flow is detected to have no defect, namely/>In this case, since the two detection results are not identical, it is judged whether or not there is a defect using the ratio of the front-rear luminous flux and the front-rear air flow and a coefficient K. The coefficient K is obtained by a deep learning algorithm, and after inputting various defect data (Q 1、Q0、φ1、φ0), outputs the result specifying the defect and not the defect, and after learning for many times, outputs a model about the coefficient K, Q 1、Q0、φ1、φ0. A determination is made using the model as to whether the location is a defect. It should be noted that the determination is made by using the model only when the results of the light detection and the air flow detection are different.
When one or more defects are detected, the valve element is determined to be a defective valve element, and the valve element is classified into a large, medium, and small type according to the size of the defect.
S600, judging the size of the defect: and judging that the defects belong to one of small, medium and large types according to the data range of the air flow difference delta Q.
The defects are artificially divided into three categories, large, medium and small, which correspond to numerical ranges, e.g.The range is judged to be a small defect, will/>The range is determined as a middle defect, will/>The range was determined to be a large defect. And then judging the quality of the valve core, the quality of the batch valve core and the like according to the types.
In the above step S100, when the light detects no defect there isThe defect can be almost identified to be absent, but in order to improve the accuracy and prevent missing detection, multiple detection is needed, and the steps are as follows: at least two detection rods are arranged, the end parts of the detection rods are provided with a receiving end, a transmitting end and a gas conveying port, and the at least two detection rods are adjacently arranged and detect the same hole twice.
In the invention, the gas delivery port and the light emitting end move synchronously, namely, advance in a spiral pushing mode.
In addition, because the number of the valve cores is large, the number of the holes is also large, and in order to respond to the environment-friendly and low-carbon call, in the invention, when light rays are emitted, the gas transmission is stopped; when the gas is delivered, the emission of light is stopped.
In another embodiment, a system for detecting a valve core hole defect size is provided, comprising
The emission end is used for emitting quantitative light rays to the inner wall of the valve core hole;
The receiving end is used for receiving the reflected light rays reflected from the inner wall of the valve core hole;
the gas conveying channel is provided with a gas conveying port and is used for conveying gas to the inner wall of the valve core hole;
the gas flow sensor is used for detecting the size of the gas flow;
the gas transmission device comprises a detection rod, a transmitting end, a receiving end, a gas transmission channel, a gas transmission opening and a control unit, wherein the transmitting end and the receiving end are arranged on the side wall of the end part of the detection rod;
the driving piece is used for driving the detection rod to move forwards and backwards and rotate forwards and backwards;
the valve core hole defect detection device further comprises a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing the method for detecting the valve core hole defect size.
The invention detects certain luminous flux through the light sensor, light reaches the front end of the detection head through the optical fiber at the emission end, and is emitted to the surface of the hole wall through the emitter, and when the hole wall is defect-free, all emitted light or most of emitted light can be reflected to the receiving end; when the hole wall is defective, diffuse reflection is generated because of uneven surface of the defect, and the receiving end cannot receive all light rays. The reflected light enters the light receiver through the optical fiber at the receiving end, the light receiver compares the luminous flux of the light sensor before, and when the difference value of the luminous flux and the luminous flux is larger than a certain value, the system preliminarily judges that the hole wall is defective.
When the surface of the detected hole is smooth and has no defects, the gap between the detection head and the detected hole is uniform, and the air flow can flow out stably; when the detected hole wall is defective, the gap between the detection head and the detected hole is enlarged, and the outflow air flow is enlarged.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting the defect size of a valve core hole is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
preliminary determination of defects: the method comprises the steps of spirally propelling to the inner wall of a valve core hole to emit quantitative original light, receiving reflected light reflected from the inner wall, comparing the reflected light flux phi 1 of the reflected light with the original light flux phi 0 of the original light, primarily judging that the valve core hole is defective when the light flux difference delta phi is larger than or equal to a preset value A, and sending a primarily judging defective signal;
The luminous flux difference ΔΦ, the reflected luminous flux Φ 1 and the original luminous flux Φ 0 of the original light satisfy the following formula:
and/> ；
Positioning the primary position: recording position information preliminarily determined to be a defect, wherein the position information includes: the length L0 of the defect from the inlet of the valve core hole and the angle theta 0 of the defect from the marking are set on the end face of the inlet of the valve core hole;
Wherein, the length L0 of the defect from the inlet of the valve core hole is as follows: taking the inlet plane of the valve core hole as a reference plane, and the vertical distance between the defect and the reference plane; the angle θ0 of the defect from the reticle means: drawing a marking line on the side wall of the valve core on the end face of the valve core hole inlet, namely a reference surface, and recording the angle of the defect on the reference surface by taking the marking line as a reference;
Acquiring the position of a gas conveying port: recording position information of a gas delivery port, wherein the position information includes: the length L1 of the center point of the gas conveying port from the valve core hole inlet and the angle theta 1 of the center point of the gas conveying port from the marking line;
The gas delivery and the light emission are independent and synchronously moved;
Aligning the preliminary positions: moving and rotating the center point coordinates (L1, θ1) of the gas delivery port to the preliminary positions (L0, θ0);
And (3) confirming defects: delivering gas to the preliminary judgment position, obtaining the gas flow Q 1 of the gas, comparing the gas flow Q 1 with the initial gas flow Q 0, and judging that the position is determined to be defective when the gas flow difference delta Q is larger than or equal to a preset value B;
The air flow difference Δq, the air flow Q 1, and the initial air flow Q 0 satisfy the following formulas:
；
when the air flow difference delta Q is larger than or equal to a preset value B, judging that the position is determined to be defective;
when the air flow difference Δq is smaller than the preset value B, determining whether the defect is determined according to the following equation and according to the preset value C:
; k is a coefficient;
When the above formula is satisfied, judging that the defect is determined, otherwise judging that the defect is not present;
Judging the size of the defect: judging that the defects belong to one of small, medium and large types according to the data range of the air flow difference delta Q;
turning on gas delivery before the center point coordinates (L1, θ1) of the gas delivery port reach the preliminary positions (L0, θ0);
When (when) When the device is used, at least two detection rods are arranged, the end parts of the detection rods are provided with a receiving end, a transmitting end and a gas conveying port, and the at least two detection rods are adjacently arranged and detect the same hole twice.
2. The method for detecting the defect size of the valve core hole according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the gas delivery port and the light emitting end are in synchronous motion.
3. The method for detecting the defect size of the valve core hole according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
stopping the delivery of the gas when light is emitted; when the gas is delivered, the emission of light is stopped.
4. A system for detecting the size of a valve core hole defect, characterized in that: comprising
The emission end is used for emitting quantitative light rays to the inner wall of the valve core hole;
The receiving end is used for receiving the reflected light rays reflected from the inner wall of the valve core hole;
the gas conveying channel is provided with a gas conveying port and is used for conveying gas to the inner wall of the valve core hole;
the gas flow sensor is used for detecting the size of the gas flow;
a processor for performing a method of detecting a spool bore defect size as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The system for detecting the size of a spool bore defect of claim 4, wherein: the transmitting end and the receiving end are positioned at the front part of the advancing direction, and the gas conveying opening is positioned at the rear parts of the transmitting end and the receiving end.
6. The system for detecting the size of a spool bore defect of claim 4, wherein: the gas transmission device comprises a detection rod, a gas transmission channel, a gas transmission port and a gas receiving port, wherein the detection rod is arranged on the side wall of the end part of the detection rod, the transmission optical fiber and the receiving optical fiber are arranged in the detection rod, the gas transmission channel is arranged in the detection rod, and the gas transmission port is arranged on the side wall of the end part of the detection rod and is positioned behind the transmission end and the receiving end; the device also comprises a driving piece which is used for driving the detection rod to move forwards and backwards and rotate forwards and backwards.
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