CN113584358B - Forming method of aluminum alloy bracket casting - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum alloy bracket casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113584358B CN113584358B CN202110874466.4A CN202110874466A CN113584358B CN 113584358 B CN113584358 B CN 113584358B CN 202110874466 A CN202110874466 A CN 202110874466A CN 113584358 B CN113584358 B CN 113584358B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of material forming, in particular to an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting and a forming method thereof. The aluminum alloy provided by the application comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 8.5% -11.5%; mg: 0.45% -0.55%; mn: 0.35% -0.6%; ti: 0.06% -0.12%; sr: 0.015% -0.025%; cr: 0.05% -0.15%; zr: 0.06% -0.15%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08% -0.12%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al. The aluminum alloy provided by the application reasonably optimizes the contents of the components such as Fe, Si, Mg, Mn, Cr, Zr and the like, so that the aluminum alloy has excellent casting fluidity and corrosion resistance; the support type casting with good casting formability, high yield strength and high toughness can be obtained by utilizing the aluminum alloy combined forming process provided by the application.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material forming, in particular to an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting and a forming method thereof.
Background
With the development demand of light weight of automobiles, commercial vehicle bracket castings are made of light aluminum alloy materials, and the adopted forming processes mainly comprise metal mold gravity casting, high-pressure die casting, low-pressure casting, extrusion casting and forging.
The above forming process has the following disadvantages: (1) the high-pressure die-casting bracket has lower yield strength and fatigue property because of the existence of air hole defects in the casting and the incapability of heat treatment, is only suitable for working conditions with small load and lower stress level, and cannot be applied to the production and the manufacture of high-load durability lightweight bracket parts; (2) the metal type gravity casting support parts mostly adopt Al-Si-Mg series ZL101A, Al-Si-Cu-Mg series ZL107 and other materials, and are subjected to T6 heat treatment after being formed, turbulent air entrainment is easy to occur when the castings are filled, so that oxidation inclusions and pinholes are caused in the castings, the cooling speed is slow during solidification, secondary dendrites at the thick and large parts of the castings are developed, the dendrite spacing is larger than 60 micrometers, the defects such as shrinkage porosity and shrinkage porosity are easy to occur, and the casting defect grade reaches below 2 level; (3) in the low-pressure casting forming process, in the casting solidification and cooling stage, because the alloy casting temperature (generally 710-720 ℃) and the mold temperature (260-350 ℃) are higher, large-size dendritic crystal arms are easily formed on the thick and large part of the casting by slow cooling, the secondary dendritic crystal spacing reaches 50-70 mu m, and microscopic shrinkage porosity exists, so that the mechanical property and the fatigue property of the casting are influenced, the yield strength of the casting body after heat treatment is lower than 250MPa, and the elongation rate only reaches about 4%; (4) in the extrusion casting forming process, the problems of turbulence, entrainment, oxide inclusion and the like can be formed when the alloy is cast into a cavity in the direct extrusion process, so that the internal defects of the casting are caused, and generally, manual material pouring is adopted, so that the labor intensity is high, and the production efficiency is low; in the indirect extrusion casting, when the alloy is poured into the charging barrel, the defects of turbulence and oxidation inclusion are also inevitable, inclusions, even air holes and the like are easily formed in the casting, and the defects are limited by the mold locking force of extrusion casting equipment, most castings can be produced in one type, and the casting runner is thick, so that the yield is only 50-60%, and the manufacturing cost is high; (5) the forging forming process uses most of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy such as 6061, 6082 and the like, the process cannot form parts with complex shapes and large projection areas, a plurality of sets of forming dies are needed, the cost of the deformed aluminum alloy material is high, the processing allowance of forgings is large, and the yield is about 60-70%, so that the manufacturing cost is high, and the process is not suitable for manufacturing bracket parts with complex shapes on a large scale.
Based on the problems in the prior art, in order to further improve the internal quality of the aluminum alloy casting, reduce casting defects, improve the mechanical property and fatigue property of the casting body, and meet the requirements of high reliability and durability of light-weight parts of automobiles, a new aluminum alloy material is necessary to be provided to combine with a forming process so as to obtain a bracket casting with excellent mechanical property and fatigue property.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting, and the bracket casting with good formability, high yield strength and high toughness can be obtained by utilizing the aluminum alloy and combining a forming process.
In a first aspect, the application provides an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 8.5% -11.5%; mg: 0.45% -0.55%; mn: 0.35% -0.6%; ti: 0.06% -0.12%; sr: 0.015% -0.025%; cr: 0.05% -0.15%; zr: 0.06% -0.15%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08% -0.12%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al.
In some embodiments, the Al-Si-Mg series aluminum alloy includes, in mass percent: si: 9.5 percent; mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.45 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.15 percent; zr: 0.08 percent; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al.
In some embodiments, the Al-Si-Mg series aluminum alloy includes, in mass percent: si: 10.5 percent; mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.5 percent; ti: 0.08 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.08 percent; zr: 0.08 percent; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a forming method of the above aluminum alloy for producing a rack-type casting, comprising the steps of:
step S101, adding raw materials into a melting furnace according to the components to be melted to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
step S102, degassing, slagging and cooling the aluminum alloy melt;
step S103, preheating a die, and pouring the processed aluminum alloy melt into cavities of the upper die and the lower die from bottom to top from a liquid lifting pipe after the upper die and the lower die are closed;
step S104, after the cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy melt, enabling the central extrusion column to descend until the inner pouring gate is closed to finish the mold filling process, after the pressure of the gas in the heat preservation furnace is relieved, enabling the central extrusion column to continue to descend to extrude the inner pouring gate, and demolding after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and molded;
and S105, carrying out heat treatment on the casting obtained after demolding to obtain the aluminum alloy bracket casting body.
In some embodiments, the central extrusion column comprises a central extrusion column upper end and a central extrusion column lower end, the diameter of the central extrusion column upper end is larger than that of the central extrusion column lower end, and the size of the central extrusion column lower end is matched with that of the inner gate; the central extrusion column is designed into a two-section structure, when the central extrusion column descends to the lower end of the central extrusion column and enters the inner gate, the inner gate can be sealed, then the central extrusion column continues to descend, the aluminum alloy melt can be further extruded at the upper end of the central extrusion column, and the central extrusion column of the two-section structure has double functions of sealing the inner gate and further descending extrusion.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the upper end of the central extrusion is 80mm to 105mm and the diameter of the lower end of the central extrusion is 55mm to 70 mm.
In some embodiments, the transition region between the upper end of the central extrusion column and the lower end of the central extrusion column is an inclined plane with an inclination of 25-40 degrees.
In some embodiments, the central extrusion column has an extrusion pressure of 30 to 80 MPa.
In some embodiments, in step S101, the melting temperature of the raw material is 720-740 ℃.
In some embodiments, in step S101, the raw material includes a metal material and a lanthanum-cerium misch metal.
In some embodiments, in step S101, the metal material is selected from a metal alloy or a combination of a metal alloy and a pure metal.
In some embodiments, in step S101, the metal material is selected from cast aluminum alloy ZL104(AlSi10Mg), Al-Mg alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Cr alloy, Al-Zr alloy, and Al-Sr alloy.
In some embodiments, in step S101, the metal material is selected from pure aluminum, industrial silicon, Al — Mn alloy, Al — Cr alloy, Al — Zr alloy, pure magnesium, and Al — Sr alloy.
In some embodiments, in step S103, the preheating temperature of the mold is 150 ℃ to 280 ℃.
In some embodiments, the temperature in the holding furnace is 650-.
In some embodiments, an extrusion pin is arranged on the side surface of the mold, and the extrusion pin extends into the cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold to locally extrude the thick part far away from the inner sprue, so that the defects of shrinkage porosity and the like in the casting can be eliminated.
In some embodiments, the pressing pressure of the pressing pin is 60 to 80 MPa.
In some embodiments, in step S105, the casting is heat treated by: the casting was immediately immersed in a water bath for water cooling.
In some embodiments, in step S105, the casting is heat treated by: and (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting after water quenching, wherein the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 h.
In some embodiments, in step S105, the casting is heat treated by: and carrying out solid solution aging heat treatment on the casting, wherein the solid solution temperature is 490-535 ℃, the solid solution time is 2-4h, the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the aging time is 3-6 h.
In some embodiments, the high temperature furnace is pressurized by high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon, so that the alloy can be prevented from being oxidized, and casting inclusions can be reduced.
The Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloy provided by the application has good demoulding property when the Mn content is 0.5 wt%, and forms Al12Mn3Si2The spherical granular structure can improve the elongation of the alloy; formation of (CrMn) Al at a Cr content of 0.08 wt%12Intermetallic compounds such as the like hinder nucleation and growth of recrystallization, play a role in strengthening and can improve the toughness of the alloy; when the Zr content is about 0.08 wt%, the aluminum alloy is recrystallized grains after refining heat treatment, so that the mechanical property of the alloy can be improved, and the heat treatment characteristic of the material is improved; the best alloy casting fluidity is achieved when the Si content is 10.5 wt%(ii) a When the Mg content is 0.45 percent, the yield strength of the alloy after heat treatment is the best, and reaches 260-270 MPa.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
1. the aluminum alloy provided by the application reasonably optimizes the contents of components such as Fe, Si, Mg, Mn, Cr, Zr and the like, so that the aluminum alloy has excellent casting fluidity and corrosion resistance, the yield strength and fatigue strength of the alloy are improved, and a bracket casting with good casting formability, high yield strength and high toughness can be prepared;
2. the lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth is added into the aluminum alloy components, so that the purity of the alloy can be improved, and the effects of modification and grain refinement are achieved;
3. the forming method provided by the application adopts an antigravity laminar flow mode of casting the aluminum alloy melt from the liquid lifting pipe to the top and a mode of extruding the central extrusion column from the top to the bottom, can ensure that the alloy is stably filled, reduces air entrainment, avoids alloy inclusion, has short pouring channel, has the whole casting and extrusion forming takt less than or equal to 120S, improves the production efficiency by more than 1 time compared with low-pressure casting, effectively improves the alloy utilization rate, and ensures that the casting process yield rate is more than 90 percent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a forming method for preparing an aluminum alloy for a rack-type casting according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a forming device used in a casting forming process of an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting provided by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy used for preparing a bracket-type casting according to an embodiment of the present application in a squeezed state during a casting forming process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a central extrusion column used in a cast forming process of an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket-type casting according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a morphology of an aluminum alloy used for preparing a rack-type casting according to example 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting, and the bracket casting with good formability, high yield strength and high toughness can be obtained by utilizing the aluminum alloy.
The embodiment of the application provides an aluminum alloy for preparing a bracket casting, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 8.5% -11.5%; mg: 0.45% -0.55%; mn: 0.35% -0.6%; ti: 0.06% -0.12%; sr: 0.015% -0.025%; cr: 0.05% -0.15%; zr: 0.06% -0.15%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08% -0.12%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application further provides a forming method of the aluminum alloy for producing the bracket-type casting, which includes the following steps:
step S101, adding raw materials into a melting furnace according to the components, and melting at the temperature of 720-740 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; the raw materials comprise metal materials and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth, wherein the metal materials are selected from metal alloys or the combination of the metal alloys and pure metals;
step S102, degassing, slagging and cooling the aluminum alloy melt;
step S103, preheating the mold to 150-280 ℃, and pouring the processed aluminum alloy melt into cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed; the anti-gravity laminar flow filling type pouring mode from bottom to top is adopted, so that turbulent air entrainment and alloy inclusion can be avoided, the alloy utilization rate is improved, and the yield is improved;
step S104, after the cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy melt, enabling the central extrusion column to descend until the inner sprue is closed to finish the mold filling process, after the gas in the heat preservation furnace is decompressed, enabling the central extrusion column to continue to descend to extrude the inner sprue, and demolding after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and molded; wherein, in the casting and forming process, the extrusion pressure of the central extrusion column is 30-80MPa, the furnace temperature in the heat preservation furnace is set to be 650-720 ℃, and high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon is filled in the heat preservation furnace;
and S105, performing heat treatment on the casting obtained after demolding to obtain the aluminum alloy bracket casting body.
In the embodiment of the application, the used central extrusion column is of a two-section structure and comprises a central extrusion column upper end and a central extrusion column lower end, a connection transition area between the central extrusion column upper end and the central extrusion column lower end is an inclined plane with an inclination of 25-40 degrees, the diameter of the central extrusion column upper end is larger than that of the central extrusion column lower end, and the size of the central extrusion column lower end is matched with that of the inner sprue; the diameter of the upper end of the central extrusion column is 80mm-105mm, and the diameter of the lower end of the central extrusion column is 55mm-70 mm; the central extrusion column is designed into a two-section structure, when the central extrusion column descends to the lower end of the central extrusion column and enters the inner gate, the inner gate can be sealed, then the central extrusion column continues to descend, the aluminum alloy melt can be further extruded at the upper end of the central extrusion column, and the central extrusion column of the two-section structure has double functions of sealing the inner gate and further descending extrusion.
In the embodiment of the application, the side surface of the die is also provided with the extrusion pin, the extrusion pin extends into the cavities of the upper die and the lower die to locally extrude the thick part far away from the inner sprue, the defects of shrinkage porosity and the like in a casting can be eliminated, the extrusion pin moves under the drive of the side extrusion oil cylinder, and the extrusion pressure of the extrusion pin is 60-80 MPa.
The structure of the molding equipment used for the above-mentioned casting molding is schematically shown in fig. 2, the extrusion state during the casting molding is schematically shown in fig. 3, the structure of the central extrusion column is schematically shown in fig. 4, and in fig. 2, 3 and 4, 1 denotes the central extrusion column, 11 denotes the upper end of the central extrusion column, 12 denotes the lower end of the central extrusion column, 2 denotes the upper mold, 3 denotes the lower mold, 4 denotes the cavity, 5 denotes the ingate, 6 denotes the ingate bush, 7 denotes the extrusion pin, 8 denotes the side extrusion cylinder, 9 denotes the lift pipe, and 10 denotes the holding furnace.
The Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloy and the method for casting and forming the same provided by the present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
In the following examples, the coating agent used was a coating material such as expanded perlite or expanded graphite.
Example 1:
embodiment 1 of the present application provides a forming method of an aluminum alloy for producing a bracket-type casting, including the steps of:
step S101, adding cast aluminum alloy ZL104(AlSi10Mg) into a melting furnace with the temperature being set to 730 +/-10 ℃, adding Al-Mg, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Zr, Al-Sr intermediate alloy and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth, and controlling the mass percentages of all elements as follows: si: 9.5%, Mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.45 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.15 percent; zr: 0.08 percent; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al; obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after melting;
step S102, rotationally degassing by using high-purity argon, scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, adding an Al-Ti-B rod after slagging, cooling to 700 ℃, transferring the treated aluminum alloy melt into a high-purity nitrogen-protected heat preservation furnace, and keeping the furnace temperature at 670 +/-5 ℃;
step S103, preheating the mold to 160 ℃, after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed in place, slowly pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe according to a set high-purity nitrogen or argon pressure curve in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the speed of an inner pouring gate is lower than 1 m/S;
step S104, when the cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy melt, boosting the pressure to 750mbar, simultaneously driving the central extrusion column to move downwards by using the oil cylinder until the inner sprue bush is sealed, releasing the pressure of nitrogen in the heat preservation furnace, enabling the alloy liquid in the liquid raising pipe to flow back to the crucible, boosting the central extrusion column to 70MPa, and continuing to press the inner sprue downwards until the extrusion stroke is set, and keeping the pressure for 80S; opening the mold after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed, enabling the upper mold and the central extrusion column to carry out upward return of the casting, enabling the central extrusion column to move upward, drawing out and returning, and enabling the upper mold ejection mechanism to eject the casting to complete demolding;
and S105, immediately immersing the demolded casting into water for cooling, then putting the casting into a solid solution furnace for heating to 530 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then quenching in water at the temperature of lower than 80 ℃, keeping the transfer time less than or equal to 10S, then putting the quenched casting into an aging furnace for heating to 175 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy support casting body.
The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy support casting body prepared in the embodiment 1 is detected, the yield strength reaches 265MPa, the elongation reaches 8% on average, and the average secondary dendrite spacing is smaller than 30 μm.
Example 2:
step S101, adding intermediate alloys such as pure aluminum, industrial silicon, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Zr and the like into a graphite crucible melting furnace, heating to 730 +/-10 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys such as pure magnesium, lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth and Al-Sr after furnace burden is molten down, and controlling the mass percentages of all elements as follows: si: 10.5%, Mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.5 percent; ti: 0.08 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.08 percent; zr: 0.08 percent; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the content of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al; obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after melting;
step S102, rotationally degassing by using high-purity argon, scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, adding an Al-Ti-B rod after slagging, cooling to 700 ℃, transferring the treated aluminum alloy melt into a high-purity nitrogen-protected heat preservation furnace, and keeping the furnace temperature at 670 +/-5 ℃;
step S103, preheating the mold to 170 ℃, and after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed in place, slowly pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe according to a set high-purity nitrogen pressure curve in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the speed of the inner pouring gate is lower than 1 m/S;
step S104, when the cavity is filled with aluminum alloy melt, boosting the pressure to 800mbar, simultaneously driving the central extrusion column to move downwards until the inner sprue bush is sealed by using an oil cylinder, releasing the pressure of argon in the heat preservation furnace, enabling alloy liquid in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back to the crucible, boosting the central extrusion column to 80MPa, continuously extruding the inner sprue downwards until an extrusion stroke is set, utilizing an extrusion pin to extrude the thick part of the casting forward under the action of a lateral extrusion oil cylinder, wherein the extrusion pressure is 60MPa, and the casting blank keeps 60-80S under the central extrusion and local extrusion pressure; opening the mold after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed, retreating and returning the extrusion pin, enabling the upper mold and the central extrusion column to carry out upward return on the casting, enabling the central extrusion column to move upward and draw out, and enabling the upper mold ejection mechanism to eject the casting to complete demolding;
and S105, immediately immersing the demolded casting into water for cooling, then putting the casting into a solid solution furnace for heating to 530 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then quenching in water at the temperature of lower than 80 ℃, keeping the transfer time less than or equal to 10S, then putting the quenched casting into an aging furnace for heating to 175 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy support casting body.
The Al-Si-Mg series aluminum alloy of example 2 is shown in FIG. 5, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the aluminum alloy of example 2 forms Al12Mn3Si2Spherical granular structure and (CrMn) Al12And the like.
Mechanical property detection is carried out on the aluminum alloy support casting body prepared in the embodiment 2, the yield strength reaches 265MPa, the elongation rate averagely reaches 8%, the average secondary dendrite spacing is less than 30 micrometers, and the fatigue strength is higher than 90 MPa.
Example 3:
step S101, adding intermediate alloys such as pure aluminum, industrial silicon, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Zr and the like into a graphite crucible melting furnace, heating to 730 +/-10 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys such as pure magnesium, lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth and Al-Sr after furnace burden is molten down, and controlling the mass percentages of all elements as follows: si: 9%, Mg: 0.5 percent; mn: 0.4 percent; ti: 0.07 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.06 percent; zr: 0.09%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.09%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al; obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after melting;
step S102, rotationally degassing by using high-purity argon, scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, adding an Al-Ti-B rod after slagging, cooling to 700 ℃, transferring the treated aluminum alloy melt into a high-purity nitrogen-protected heat preservation furnace, and keeping the furnace temperature at 670 +/-5 ℃;
step S103, preheating the mold to 180 ℃, and after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed in place, slowly pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe according to a set high-purity nitrogen pressure curve in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the speed of the inner pouring gate is lower than 1 m/S;
step S104, when the cavity is filled with aluminum alloy melt, boosting the pressure to 800mbar, simultaneously driving the central extrusion column to move downwards until the inner sprue bush is sealed by using an oil cylinder, releasing the pressure of argon in the heat preservation furnace, enabling alloy liquid in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back to the crucible, boosting the central extrusion column to 75MPa, continuously extruding the inner sprue downwards until an extrusion stroke is set, utilizing an extrusion pin to extrude the thick part of the casting forward under the action of a lateral extrusion oil cylinder, wherein the extrusion pressure is 65MPa, and the casting blank is kept at 60-80S under the central extrusion and local extrusion pressure; opening the mold after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed, retreating and returning the extrusion pin, enabling the upper mold and the central extrusion column to carry out upward return on the casting, enabling the central extrusion column to move upward and draw out, and enabling the upper mold ejection mechanism to eject the casting to complete demolding;
and S105, immediately immersing the demolded casting into water for cooling, then putting the casting into a solid solution furnace for heating to 530 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then quenching in water at the temperature of lower than 80 ℃, keeping the transfer time less than or equal to 10S, then putting the quenched casting into an aging furnace for heating to 175 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy support casting body.
The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy support casting body prepared in the embodiment 3 is detected, the yield strength reaches 267MPa, the elongation reaches 8% on average, the average secondary dendrite spacing is less than 30 μm, and the fatigue strength is higher than 90 MPa.
Example 4:
step S101, adding intermediate alloys such as pure aluminum, industrial silicon, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Zr and the like into a graphite crucible melting furnace, heating to 730 +/-10 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys such as pure magnesium, lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth and Al-Sr after furnace burden is molten down, and controlling the mass percentages of all elements as follows: si: 10%, Mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.55 percent; ti: 0.09%; sr: 0.015 percent; cr: 0.06 percent; zr: 0.09%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.09%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al; obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after melting;
step S102, rotationally degassing by using high-purity argon, scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, adding an Al-Ti-B rod after slagging, cooling to 700 ℃, transferring the treated aluminum alloy melt into a high-purity nitrogen-protected heat preservation furnace, and keeping the furnace temperature at 670 +/-5 ℃;
step S103, preheating the mold to 170 ℃, and after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed in place, slowly pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe according to a set high-purity nitrogen pressure curve in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the speed of the inner pouring gate is lower than 1 m/S;
step S104, when the cavity is filled with aluminum alloy melt, boosting the pressure to 800mbar, simultaneously driving the central extrusion column to move downwards until the inner sprue bush is sealed by using an oil cylinder, releasing the pressure of argon in the heat preservation furnace, enabling alloy liquid in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back to the crucible, boosting the central extrusion column to 65MPa, continuously extruding the inner sprue downwards until an extrusion stroke is set, utilizing an extrusion pin to extrude the thick part of the casting forward under the action of a lateral extrusion oil cylinder, wherein the extrusion pressure is 65MPa, and the casting blank is kept at 60-80S under the central extrusion and local extrusion pressure; opening the mold after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed, retreating and returning the extrusion pin, enabling the upper mold and the central extrusion column to carry out upward return on the casting, enabling the central extrusion column to move upward and draw out, and enabling the upper mold ejection mechanism to eject the casting to complete demolding;
and S105, immediately immersing the demolded casting into water for cooling, then putting the casting into a solid solution furnace for heating to 530 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then quenching in water at the temperature of lower than 80 ℃, keeping the transfer time less than or equal to 10S, then putting the quenched casting into an aging furnace for heating to 175 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy support casting body.
The aluminum alloy support casting body prepared in the embodiment 4 is subjected to mechanical property detection, the yield strength reaches 264MPa, the elongation reaches 9% on average, the average secondary dendrite spacing is less than 30 μm, and the fatigue strength is higher than 90 MPa.
Example 5:
embodiment 5 of the present application provides a forming method of an aluminum alloy for producing a bracket-type casting, including the steps of:
step S101, adding intermediate alloys such as pure aluminum, industrial silicon, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Zr and the like into a graphite crucible melting furnace, heating to 730 +/-10 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys such as pure magnesium, lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth and Al-Sr after furnace burden is molten down, and controlling the mass percentages of all elements as follows: si: 9.5%, Mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.4 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; sr: 0.025 percent; cr: 0.1 percent; zr: 0.1 percent; lanthanum cerium mischmetal: 0.1 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al; obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after melting;
step S102, rotationally degassing by using high-purity argon, scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, adding an Al-Ti-B rod after slagging, cooling to 700 ℃, transferring the treated aluminum alloy melt into a high-purity nitrogen-protected heat preservation furnace, and keeping the furnace temperature at 670 +/-5 ℃;
step S103, preheating the mold to 175 ℃, after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed in place, slowly pouring the aluminum alloy melt into the cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe according to a set high-purity nitrogen pressure curve in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the speed of the inner pouring gate is lower than 1 m/S;
step S104, when the cavity is filled with aluminum alloy melt, boosting the pressure to 800mbar, simultaneously driving the central extrusion column to move downwards until the inner sprue bush is sealed by using an oil cylinder, releasing the pressure of argon in the heat preservation furnace, enabling alloy liquid in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back to the crucible, boosting the central extrusion column to 75MPa, continuously extruding the inner sprue downwards until an extrusion stroke is set, utilizing an extrusion pin to extrude the thick part of the casting forward under the action of a lateral extrusion oil cylinder, enabling the extrusion pressure to be 68MPa, and keeping the casting blank at 60-80S under the central extrusion and local extrusion pressure; opening the mold after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed, retreating and returning the extrusion pin, enabling the upper mold and the central extrusion column to carry out upward return on the casting, enabling the central extrusion column to move upward and draw out, and enabling the upper mold ejection mechanism to eject the casting to complete demolding;
and S105, immediately immersing the demolded casting into water for cooling, then putting the casting into a solid solution furnace for heating to 530 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then quenching in water at the temperature of lower than 80 ℃, keeping the transfer time less than or equal to 10S, then putting the quenched casting into an aging furnace for heating to 175 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy support casting body.
The aluminum alloy bracket casting body prepared in the embodiment 5 is subjected to mechanical property detection, the yield strength reaches 265MPa, the elongation reaches 9% on average, the average secondary dendrite spacing is smaller than 30 μm, and the fatigue strength is higher than 90 MPa.
Example 6:
step S101, adding cast aluminum alloy ZL104(AlSi10Mg) into a melting furnace with the temperature being set to 730 +/-10 ℃, adding Al-Mg, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Zr, Al-Sr intermediate alloy and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth, and controlling the mass percentages of all elements as follows: si: 11%, Mg: 0.5 percent; mn: 0.55 percent; ti: 0.08 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.12 percent; zr: 0.07 percent; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.09%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al; obtaining an aluminum alloy melt after melting;
step S102, rotationally degassing by using high-purity argon, scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, adding an Al-Ti-B rod after slagging, cooling to 700 ℃, transferring the treated aluminum alloy melt into a high-purity nitrogen-protected heat preservation furnace, and keeping the furnace temperature at 670 +/-5 ℃;
step S103, preheating the mold to 165 ℃, after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed in place, slowly pouring an aluminum alloy melt into cavities of the upper mold and the lower mold from bottom to top from a liquid lifting pipe according to a set high-purity nitrogen or argon pressure curve in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the speed of an inner pouring gate is lower than 1 m/S;
step S104, when the cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy melt, boosting the pressure to 750mbar, simultaneously driving the central extrusion column to move downwards by using the oil cylinder until the inner sprue bush is sealed, releasing the pressure of nitrogen in the heat preservation furnace, enabling the alloy liquid in the liquid raising pipe to flow back to the crucible, boosting the central extrusion column to 75MPa, and continuing to press the inner sprue downwards until the extrusion stroke is set, and keeping the pressure for 80S; opening the mold after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed, enabling the upper mold and the central extrusion column to carry out upward return of the casting, enabling the central extrusion column to move upward, drawing out and returning, and enabling the upper mold ejection mechanism to eject the casting to complete demolding;
and S105, immediately immersing the demolded casting into water for cooling, then putting the casting into a solid solution furnace for heating to 530 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then quenching in water at the temperature of lower than 80 ℃, keeping the transfer time less than or equal to 10S, then putting the quenched casting into an aging furnace for heating to 175 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy support casting body.
The aluminum alloy bracket casting body prepared in the embodiment 6 is subjected to mechanical property detection, the yield strength is 266MPa, the elongation is 9% on average, and the average secondary dendrite spacing is less than 30 μm.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment/mode," "some embodiments/modes," "example," "specific example" or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment/mode or example is included in at least one embodiment/mode or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to be the same embodiment/mode or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments/modes or examples. Furthermore, the various embodiments/aspects or examples and features of the various embodiments/aspects or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without conflicting therewith.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. In this application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically stated otherwise.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A forming method of an aluminum alloy bracket casting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the aluminum alloy for preparing the bracket casting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 8.5% -11.5%; mg: 0.45% -0.55%; mn: 0.35% -0.6%; ti: 0.06% -0.12%; sr: 0.015% -0.025%; cr: 0.05% -0.15%; zr: 0.06% -0.15%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08% -0.12%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance of Al;
the forming method comprises the following steps:
adding raw materials into a melting furnace according to the components for melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
degassing, slagging and cooling the aluminum alloy melt;
preheating the die, and pouring the processed aluminum alloy melt into the die cavities of the upper die and the lower die from bottom to top from the liquid lifting pipe after the upper die and the lower die are closed;
after the cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy melt, the central extrusion column descends until the inner sprue is closed, the mold filling process is completed, after the pressure of the gas in the heat preservation furnace is released, the central extrusion column continues to descend to extrude the inner sprue, and the mold is removed after the aluminum alloy melt is solidified and formed; the central extrusion column comprises a central extrusion column upper end and a central extrusion column lower end, the diameter of the central extrusion column upper end is larger than that of the central extrusion column lower end, and the size of the central extrusion column lower end is matched with that of the inner sprue; the extrusion pressure of the central extrusion column is 30-80 MPa;
carrying out heat treatment on the casting obtained after demoulding to obtain an aluminum alloy bracket casting body; the heat treatment comprises the following steps: immediately immersing the casting into a water tank for water cooling; carrying out solid solution aging heat treatment on the casting, wherein the solid solution temperature is 490-535 ℃, the solid solution time is 2-4h, the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the aging time is 3-6 h; and (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting after water quenching, wherein the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 h.
2. A forming method of an aluminum alloy bracket-like casting according to claim 1, wherein a connecting transition area between the upper end of the central extrusion column and the lower end of the central extrusion column is an inclined surface with a gradient of 25-40 °.
3. A method for forming an aluminum alloy bracket-like casting according to claim 1, wherein the melting temperature of the raw material is 720-740 ℃.
4. A method for forming an aluminum alloy holder-like casting according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 150-280 ℃.
5. A method for forming an aluminum alloy holder-like casting according to claim 1, wherein the furnace temperature in the holding furnace is 650-.
6. The method of forming an aluminum alloy bracket-like casting according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy for producing the bracket-like casting is composed of, in mass percent: si: 9.5 percent; mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.45 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.15 percent; zr: 0.08 percent; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08%; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the content of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al.
7. The method of forming an aluminum alloy bracket-like casting according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy for producing the bracket-like casting is composed of, in mass percent: si: 10.5 percent; mg: 0.45 percent; mn: 0.5 percent; ti: 0.08 percent; sr: 0.02 percent; cr: 0.08 percent; zr: 0.08%; lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth: 0.08 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cu is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and Ni is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the inevitable impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent; the balance being Al.
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