CN113583347A - Permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113583347A CN113583347A CN202110949072.0A CN202110949072A CN113583347A CN 113583347 A CN113583347 A CN 113583347A CN 202110949072 A CN202110949072 A CN 202110949072A CN 113583347 A CN113583347 A CN 113583347A
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- graphene oxide
- reduced graphene
- antistatic polyolefin
- plasticizer
- master batch
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001911 maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- FVGBHSIHHXTYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)(O)O FVGBHSIHHXTYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001912 maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- TXQVDVNAKHFQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)(CO)CO TXQVDVNAKHFQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
- C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2423/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2451/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2451/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2455/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08J2423/00 - C08J2453/00
- C08J2455/02—Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene [ABS] polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2471/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2471/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/017—Additives being an antistatic agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
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- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a permanently antistatic polyolefin master batch and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of polyolefin master batches, wherein the components for preparing the polyolefin master batch comprise polypropylene, a compatibilizer, polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer, reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent, a dispersing agent, an antioxidant, a lubricant and the like, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide is limited to 2-4:1-3:1, and the reduction rate of-COOH groups in the reduced graphene oxide is 50-80%, so that the polyolefin master batch can be endowed with higher antistatic performance; and all the components can be firmly combined, and the raw materials are not easy to migrate and separate out in the using process of the product, so that the product can be ensured to have a permanent antistatic effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyolefin master batches, and particularly relates to a permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The polyolefin master batch is a semi-finished product industrial raw material which is prepared by taking polyolefin as a base material, adding functional additives, fillers, additives and the like, uniformly mixing, heating, melting, extruding, cooling, forming, granulating and the like.
The polyolefin master batch can be used for obtaining a plastic film through processes of melt co-extrusion, stretching and the like in the using process, the plastic film can be widely used for packaging foods, medicines, textiles, cigarette boxes and the like, different functional additives are selectively added during the processing production of the polyolefin master batch according to the requirements of specific application scenes, and different properties can be endowed to the polyolefin master batch so as to meet the using requirements.
When the polyolefin master batch is used for processing a packaging film, a large amount of static electricity can be generated due to the effects of friction, collision and the like, and the polyolefin is a high polymer material and has high insulating property, so that the static electricity is difficult to be led out, and the existence of the static electricity not only can influence the packaging effect, but also can generate great potential safety hazards.
In the prior art, a conventional method is that in the process of preparing a polyolefin master batch, a conductive additive is added, the addition of the conductive additive causes uneven mixing, the conductive additive is agglomerated, the antistatic effect is influenced, and in the use process, the conductive additive is easy to precipitate, the antistatic performance is gradually reduced, and the use stability of a product is influenced. Therefore, there is a need to improve the antistatic properties of polyolefin masterbatches to have a permanent antistatic effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems given in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
further, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide is 2-4:1-3: 1.
Further, the reduction rate of-COOH groups in the reduced graphene oxide is 50-80%.
Further, the compatibilizer is one or a mixture of more of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene and maleic anhydride grafted ABS resin.
Further, the plasticizer is a polyol compound containing-OH in a molecular chain, such as one or a mixture of glycerol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentanetriol and polyethylene glycol. Preferably glycerol.
The molecular weight of polyethylene glycol in the plasticizer is lower than 600, the compatibility between the low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol and other organic components is good, the plasticizing effect can be better achieved, and meanwhile, the content ratio of-OH in the low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol is higher, the hydroxyl value is larger, and the polyethylene glycol can be better combined with reduced graphene oxide.
Further, the dispersing agent is selected from a high-molecular dispersing agent, and the dispersing agent is one or a mixture of more of a polyurethane or polyester high-molecular dispersing agent, a polycaprolactone polyol-polyethyleneimine block copolymer and acrylate.
In particular, the dispersant of the present invention is selected from stearic acid amide and/or pentaerythritol stearate.
Further, the antioxidant is selected from one or a mixture of several of phenolic antioxidant, amine antioxidant and heterocyclic antioxidant.
Specifically, the antioxidant of the present invention is selected from one or a mixture of more of tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, N-octadecyl β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis [ β -propionate ], triethylene glycol bis- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionate ] and N, N-1, 6-hexylene-bis [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionamide.
Further, the lubricant is selected from one or a mixture of several of vinyl bis stearamide, glyceryl tristearate, oleic acid and silicone oil.
The invention also claims a preparation method of the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing reduced graphene oxide;
(2) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer, polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer, reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent and a dispersing agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and uniformly mixing;
(3) adding the antioxidant and the lubricant into a high-speed stirrer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing;
(4) and (4) adding the uniformly mixed material in the step (3) into an extruder, extruding the material and granulating.
In the step (1), hydrazine hydrate, vitamin C or hydroiodic acid is adopted to partially reduce oxygen-containing functional groups in the graphene oxide to prepare the reduced graphene oxide.
Furthermore, the extruder in the step (4) is a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, so that gas generated in the reaction process can be discharged in time, bubbles are prevented from remaining in the product, and the apparent performance of the product is improved.
In the invention, polypropylene is matrix resin, a compatibilizer, polyvinyl alcohol and a plasticizer are main components, the polypropylene is a nonpolar material, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer selected in the invention are polar materials, a maleic anhydride grafted polymer is selected as the compatibilizer, preferably, the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene is selected as the compatibilizer, and the maleic anhydride grafted polymer can graft maleic anhydride on the main chain of the polymer to improve the adhesion and compatibility between the polar material and the nonpolar material; therefore, the polypropylene, the compatibilizer, the polyvinyl alcohol and the plasticizer can be well compatible, and the uniform performance of the product is ensured.
Meanwhile, the polyvinyl alcohol contains a large amount of-OH, the plasticizer selected in the invention is also a polyol compound containing-OH in the molecular weight, and the existence of a large amount of-OH can endow the product with excellent antistatic performance, and the antistatic performance can be permanently maintained.
Preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummers method, wherein the graphene oxide prepared by adopting the improved Hummers method is provided with a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as-OH, -COOH, epoxy groups and the like, then partially reducing the graphene oxide by adopting a reducing agent, and controlling the using amount of the reducing agent, the reaction time, the reaction temperature and the like to control the reduction rate of-COOH within the range of 50-80%.
Compared with unreduced graphene oxide, the number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the partially reduced graphene oxide is greatly reduced, so that the conductivity is improved, electrostatic charges generated in a system can be led out in time, and the antistatic performance of the product is improved;
compared with fully reduced graphene oxide, the partially reduced graphene oxide still has a certain number of oxygen-containing functional groups, and the presence of the oxygen-containing functional groups can improve the dispersion performance of the reduced graphene oxide in a system and avoid the nonuniform product caused by the agglomeration of the reduced graphene oxide; meanwhile, hydrogen bond interaction between molecules can be generated between-COOH in the reduced graphene oxide and-OH in polyvinyl alcohol and plasticizer, so that the reduced graphene oxide can be better combined with other components in the product, the reduced graphene oxide can be prevented from being migrated and separated out in the using process of the product, and the master batch is ensured to have permanent antistatic performance;
according to multiple tests of the applicant, when the reduction rate of-COOH in the partially reduced graphene oxide is within the range of 50-80%, preferably 65%, and the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, plasticizer and reduced graphene oxide is 2-4:1-3:1, the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide is in an optimal balance state with the dispersibility of the reduced graphene oxide and the hydrogen bond interaction between the reduced graphene oxide and-OH in other components, and the comprehensive performance of the product is optimal.
Meanwhile, in the invention, in the raw material components for preparing the permanently antistatic polyolefin master batch, except the reduced graphene oxide which can form firm combination with a system, the raw materials do not contain inorganic components, so that the raw materials are not separated out in the later use process of a product, and the polyolefin master batch obtained by adopting the formula and the preparation method has the permanent antistatic effect.
In addition, the formula of the invention contains a silane coupling agent, the silane oxygen group in the silane coupling agent has certain reactivity to inorganic matters, the organic functional group has reactivity or compatibility to organic matters, and the silane coupling agent can be positioned between the interfaces of inorganic reduced graphene oxide and other organic components to form an organic-silane coupling agent-inorganic bonding layer, so that the compatibility of the reduced graphene oxide in products is further improved, the precipitation and migration of the reduced graphene oxide are prevented, and the permanent antistatic effect of the products is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the permanently antistatic polyolefin master batch and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:
(1) the reduced graphene oxide is added into the raw material of the permanently antistatic polyolefin master batch, so that the charge in a system can be led out in time, and the polyolefin master batch is endowed with higher antistatic performance;
(2) in the permanently antistatic polyolefin master batch, the carboxyl reduction rate of the reduced graphene oxide is limited, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide is limited, so that the agglomeration of the reduced graphene oxide in a system can be prevented on the premise of ensuring the antistatic performance, and the uniformity of a product is ensured;
(3) except the reduced graphene oxide, the other components are organic components, and the reduced graphene oxide can be firmly combined with all the components in the system, so that raw materials are not easy to migrate and separate out in the use process, and the product can be ensured to have a permanent antistatic effect;
(4) the preparation method is simple and easy to realize.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific examples.
Example one
The preparation method of the reduced graphene oxide comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing graphene oxide: preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummers method, dialyzing the graphene oxide in water until the pH value is 7, and then dispersing the graphene oxide in water under an ultrasonic condition to prepare a graphene oxide aqueous solution with the pH value of 7 and the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL;
(2) preparing reduced graphene oxide: adding a reducing agent hydrazine hydrate into a graphene oxide aqueous solution at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and controlling the addition amount and reaction time of the hydrazine hydrate to obtain reduced graphene oxides with different reduction degrees;
(3) performing FTIR analysis on the graphene oxide in the step (1) and the reduced graphene oxide in the step (2) respectively, and comparing the peak height of a-COOH absorption peak in an FTIR spectrogram to calculate the reduction rate of-COOH in the reduced graphene oxide;
in the invention, reduced graphene oxide with-COOH reduction rates of 65%, 40%, 50%, 80% and 95% is respectively selected for later use.
Example two
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (glycerol), reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent (KH550) and a dispersant (stearic acid amide) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at a temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and lubricant (vinyl bis stearamide) into a high-speed stirrer according to the formula ratio, and continuously stirring at high speed for 5-10min to obtain a uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is recorded as S1.
In the second example, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the plasticizer, and the reduced graphene oxide was 3:2:1, and the reduction rate of the — COOH group in the reduced graphene oxide was 65%.
EXAMPLE III
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (glycerol), reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent (KH560) and a dispersant (pentaerythritol stearate) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at a temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and lubricant (tristearin) into a high-speed stirrer according to the formula ratio, and continuously stirring at high speed for 5-10min to obtain a uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is recorded as S2.
In the third example, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide was 2:3:1, and the reduction rate of the-COOH group in the reduced graphene oxide was 50%.
Example four
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (diethylene glycol), reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent (KH560) and a dispersant (pentaerythritol stearate) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at a temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate) and lubricant (glyceryl tristearate) into a high-speed stirrer, and continuously stirring at high speed for 5-10min to obtain uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is recorded as S3.
In the fourth example, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the plasticizer, and the reduced graphene oxide was 4:1:1, and the reduction rate of the — COOH group in the reduced graphene oxide was 80%.
EXAMPLE five
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (polyethylene glycol with the molecular weight of 400), reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent (KH570) and a dispersant (pentaerythritol stearate) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at the temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (pentaerythrityl tetra [ beta-propionate ]) and lubricant (oleic acid) into the high-speed stirrer, and continuously stirring at high speed for 5-10min to obtain uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is recorded as S4.
In the fifth example, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the plasticizer, and the reduced graphene oxide was 1:1:1, and the reduction rate of the — COOH group in the reduced graphene oxide was 65%.
EXAMPLE six
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted ABS resin), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (polyethylene glycol with the molecular weight of 400), reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent (KH550) and a dispersant (stearic acid amide) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at the temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (N, N-1, 6-hexylene-bis [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionamide) and lubricant (silicone oil) into a high-speed stirrer, and continuously stirring at high speed for 5-10min to obtain uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is recorded as S5.
In the sixth example, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide was 4:3:1, and the reduction rate of the — COOH group in the reduced graphene oxide was 95%.
EXAMPLE seven
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (ethylene glycol), reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent (KH560) and a dispersant (stearic acid amide) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at a temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (triethylene glycol bis- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionate ]) and lubricant (vinyl bis stearamide) in a formula amount into a high-speed stirrer, and continuously stirring at a high speed for 5-10min to obtain a uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is recorded as S6.
In the seventh embodiment, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide is 1:1:1, and the reduction rate of the-COOH group in the reduced graphene oxide is 40%.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (pentanetriol), a silane coupling agent (KH570) and a dispersant (pentaerythritol stearate) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at a temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and lubricant (silicone oil) in a formula amount into a high-speed stirrer, and continuously stirring at a high speed for 5-10min to obtain a uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is marked as B1.
In this comparative example one, reduced graphene oxide was not added.
Comparative example No. two
Preparing a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer (pentanetriol), a silane coupling agent (KH570) and a dispersant (pentaerythritol stearate) into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring and mixing at a high speed for 5-10min at a temperature of 75-85 ℃;
(2) adding antioxidant (tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and lubricant (silicone oil) in a formula amount into a high-speed stirrer, and continuously stirring at a high speed for 5-10min to obtain a uniformly mixed material;
(3) adding the uniformly mixed materials into a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes, wherein the temperature of the double-screw extruder is set to be 180-fold 200 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 500-fold 600rpm, and the vacuum degree is less than-80 KPa; and then cooling and granulating the extruded material to obtain the permanent antistatic polyolefin master batch, which is marked as B2.
In the second comparative example, the mass ratios of the polyvinyl alcohol, the plasticizer and the reduced graphene oxide in the raw materials and the mass parts of other components are all out of the claimed scope of the invention.
The proportions and the parts by mass of the raw materials in the above examples two to seven and comparative examples one to two are shown in table 1.
Table 1 parts by mass of each raw material in polyolefin master batches prepared in examples two to seven and comparative examples one to two
And respectively adding the polyolefin master batches prepared in the second to seventh examples and the first to second comparative examples into polypropylene, and performing melt coextrusion to obtain the plastic films, wherein the mass fraction of the polyolefin master batch is 30%, the thickness of the plastic film is 0.2mm, and the obtained plastic films are respectively marked as K1-K6 and L1-L2.
The performance tests were carried out on plastic films K1-K6 and L1-L2, respectively: performing surface resistivity test on the film by referring to GB/T1410-89; testing the light transmittance of the film according to GB/T2410-2008; the performance of the plastic film after 0 day, 30 days and 360 days of storage was measured, and the results of the performance measurement are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Performance test results for various groups of plastic films
Therefore, when the polyolefin master batch obtained by the formula and the preparation method is used for preparing the plastic packaging film, the surface resistivity is lower and is less than 1012Omega, the antistatic performance is high; meanwhile, the nano material reduced graphene oxide is added into the polyolefin master batch, the light transmittance of the polyolefin master batch can still be kept above 80%, and the packaging and using requirements of plastic films can be met.
After the prepared plastic packaging film is placed for 30 days and 360 days, the surface resistivity and the light transmittance of the plastic packaging film are not changed too much, so that the polyolefin master batch disclosed by the invention has good stability and can realize permanent antistatic performance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the design concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch characterized by: the coating comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2. the permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the plasticizer to the reduced graphene oxide is 2-4:1-3: 1.
3. The permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: in the reduced graphene oxide, the reduction rate of-COOH groups is 50-80%.
4. The permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: the compatibilizer is one or a mixture of more of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene and maleic anhydride grafted ABS resin.
5. The permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: the plasticizer is a polyol compound containing-OH in a molecular chain, such as one or a mixture of more of glycerol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentanetriol and polyethylene glycol.
6. The permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: the dispersing agent is selected from a high molecular dispersing agent, and the dispersing agent is selected from one or a mixture of more of a polyurethane or polyester high molecular dispersing agent, a polycaprolactone polyol-polyethyleneimine block copolymer and acrylic ester.
7. The permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: the antioxidant is selected from one or a mixture of several of phenolic antioxidant, amine antioxidant and heterocyclic antioxidant.
8. The permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to claim 1 wherein: the lubricant is one or a mixture of more of fatty acid amide, oleic acid, polyester and silicone oil.
9. A process for the preparation of a permanently antistatic polyolefin masterbatch according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing reduced graphene oxide;
(2) adding polypropylene, a compatibilizer, polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer, reduced graphene oxide, a silane coupling agent and a dispersing agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a ratio, and uniformly mixing;
(3) adding the antioxidant and the lubricant into a high-speed stirrer according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing;
(4) and (4) adding the uniformly mixed material in the step (3) into an extruder, extruding the material and granulating.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the extruder in the step (4) is a double-screw extruder provided with vent holes.
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