CN113582403A - Method for removing easily-scaling components in phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by membrane separation technology - Google Patents
Method for removing easily-scaling components in phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by membrane separation technology Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/583—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds by removing fluoride or fluorine compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing easily-scaling components in phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using a membrane separation technology. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the acidic wastewater by a chemical method, wherein the removal rate of fluorine ions in the wastewater is over 95 percent, and the removal rate of fluorine silicate is over 90 percent, so as to obtain pretreated water; (2) performing ultrafiltration treatment on the pretreated water, and removing more than 90% of suspended matters and more than 60% of turbidity in the wastewater to obtain primary treated water; (3) and (3) separating the primary treated water by using a reverse osmosis membrane, wherein the desalination rate is over 90 percent, and thus obtaining the produced water. The method has the advantages of good treatment effect, low investment, simple operation, easy implementation and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of chemical engineering and environmental engineering, and particularly relates to the field of recycling of acidic wastewater by-product of phosphorus chemical enterprises.
Technical Field
With the continuous development of global industry, the following wastewater treatment problem is gradually concerned by people, and if the wastewater is treated improperly and discharged, the water quality is damaged, aquatic resources are damaged, and living and production water is influenced. In recent years, although the emission amount is reduced, the base number is still large, and the emission standard reaching rate and the repeated utilization rate are low. With the continuous improvement of the water environment standard in China, the sewage discharge requirement of enterprises is more and more strict, and more enterprises strive to realize zero discharge of factory sewage under the guidance of the recycling economy concept.
Based on this, the acid wastewater from phosphorus chemical enterprises often needs to be transported to a phosphorite dressing plant for ore dressing through a longer water return pipeline, so that the whole chemical plant realizes zero discharge of wastewater and reaches the advanced environmental protection level in the world. Acid waste water is at cyclic utilization's in-process, and easy scale deposit ion is accumulated by day and month, and concentration increases gradually, finally reaches the supersaturation state, and crystallization in solution is separated out, adheres to on pipeline inner wall surface, along with the formation of crystal nucleus, grow up and gather other material, forms the dirt piece of fine and close hardness. The effective circulation sectional area of pipeline diminishes, loss of pressure can be caused to the pipeline scale deposit, and effective flux also correspondingly reduces, can seriously influence the transport capacity when reducing to certain extent to compel the shutdown maintenance, consume a large amount of manpower and materials and time, make production efficiency or conveying efficiency greatly reduced, seriously influenced economic benefits. In addition, the scaling of the pipeline can also induce local corrosion of the pipeline, so that the pipeline is frequently leaked, the pipeline is perforated, and the damage of the pipeline is caused. Therefore, the components which are easy to scale in the acid wastewater need to be treated.
The method of adding scale inhibitor, antiscaling agent, etc. into acidic waste water is one common scale inhibiting method, but this method cannot completely and effectively relieve the scale formation in water returning pipeline. It is therefore a necessary route to choose to prevent fouling by reducing the salt concentration. For the removal of salt, the current mature technologies include electrodialysis, thermal method, ion exchange method, reverse osmosis and the like. Compared with reverse osmosis, the desalination rate and recovery rate of the electrodialysis method are lower, the energy consumption is higher, and equipment is easy to scale; the thermal method needs to be applied to places with abundant heat, otherwise, the economic efficiency is not good; the ion exchange method has a high salt rejection rate, but is greatly affected by the mass concentration of salts in the wastewater. In addition, the traditional treatment modes of the industrial wastewater, such as an oxidation-reduction method, a biochemical treatment method, an evaporation and concentration technology and the like, have the defects of high investment, complex operation, high energy consumption and the like.
The membrane separation technology is used as a novel water treatment technology in the 21 st century and is widely applied to the industries of seawater desalination, medicine, food and the like. According to the difference of membrane pore size and separation principle, the membrane separation technology can be classified into Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), Reverse Osmosis (RO) and other membrane separation technologies. Compared with the traditional industrial wastewater treatment method, the membrane separation technology is more efficient, the operation is simple, return water utilization is provided for a factory under the condition of low energy consumption, meanwhile, some useful resources can be recovered, the factory cost is reduced, and the method plays a positive role in optimizing factory resource allocation, improving development benefit and protecting ecological environment, so that the method is gradually applied and popularized in wastewater treatment. Aiming at different impurities contained in the industrial wastewater and different separation requirements, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and the like are applied to wastewater treatment to a certain extent. At present, the research of treating the byproduct acid wastewater of phosphorus chemical enterprises by using a membrane separation technology is not found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for removing easily-scaling components in acidic wastewater by-product of phosphorus chemical enterprises by using an ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane separation technology aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for removing easily-scaling components in phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using a membrane separation technology comprises the following operation steps:
(1) pretreating the acidic wastewater by a chemical method to obtain pretreated water;
(2) carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the pretreated water to obtain primary treated water;
(3) and (4) separating the primary treated water by using a reverse osmosis membrane to obtain produced water.
The acidic wastewater can be from phosphorus chemical industry production enterprises for producing phosphate fertilizers, phosphoric acid, phosphate and the like, or phosphorus ore dressing enterprises, or acidic industrial wastewater generated from phosphogypsum slag yards and the like, but is not limited thereto. The pH value of the waste water is between 1 and 6, and the waste water can contain phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, fluosilicic acid or other acidic substances such as organic and inorganic acids and the like, and corresponding ammonium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, potassium salt or iron salt and the like.
In the step (1), the acidic wastewater is pretreated by a chemical method, the adopted pretreatment agent is calcium chloride or calcium oxide or aluminum sulfate, and the dosage of the pretreatment agent is 0.1-50 g/L.
In the step (1), the acidic wastewater is pretreated by a chemical method, the pH value of the solution can be adjusted to be 1-7, the stirring time is 10-120min, and the stirring speed is 50-300 r/min.
In the step (2), the pretreated water is ultrafiltered, and the membrane material may be Polyethersulfone (PES) or Polystyrene (PS), but is not limited thereto.
In the step (2), the pretreated water is ultrafiltered at an operating pressure of 0.1-0.9 MPa and a temperature of 10-50 deg.C and a membrane surface flow rate of 1-20 L.min-1In the meantime.
In the step (2), the pretreated water is subjected to ultrafiltration treatment to obtain primary treated water. The concentrated water returns to the sedimentation tank for reuse.
In the step (2), the used ultrafiltration membrane can be cleaned by a chemical method, and the cleaning agent can be one or a mixture of two or more of an acidic cleaning agent such as citric acid and the like, an alkaline cleaning agent such as sodium hydroxide and the like, a salt cleaning agent such as sodium tripolyphosphate and the like, and a chelating agent such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and the like.
In the step (3), when the primary treated water is separated by using a reverse osmosis membrane, the membrane material may be polyether sulfone (PES) or Polystyrene (PS) or cellulose acetate, but is not limited thereto.
In the step (3), when the primary treated water is separated by a reverse osmosis membrane, the operation pressure can be 0.1-10 MPa, the temperature is 10-50 ℃, and the membrane surface flow rate is 1-20 L.min-1And obtaining the produced water. The reverse osmosis membrane has low pollution degree and is not generally cleaned.
In the step (3), the concentrated water after the primary treatment water is separated by the reverse osmosis membrane returns to the ultrafiltration water inlet tank and is mixed with the pretreatment water for recycling.
The invention utilizes ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane separation technology to remove easily-scaling components in acidic wastewater by-product of phosphorus chemical enterprises, and pretreats the acidic wastewater before membrane separation, wherein the removal rate of fluorine ions in the wastewater is more than 95%, the removal rate of fluorine silicate radicals is more than 90%, and the turbidity is reduced by more than 60%, so as to obtain pretreated water. Then, the pretreated water is subjected to ultrafiltration treatment, and concentrated water obtained after ultrafiltration is returned to a sedimentation tank for cyclic utilization, so that more than 90% of suspended matters in the wastewater can be removed, and more than 60% of turbidity can be removed. After the used ultrafiltration membrane is cleaned by a chemical method, the membrane flux can be recovered by more than 80%. And finally, separating the primary treated water by using a reverse osmosis membrane, wherein the desalination rate of the primary treated water is more than 90%, and obtaining the produced water. The concentrated water after the primary treatment water is separated by the reverse osmosis membrane returns to the ultrafiltration water inlet tank and is mixed with the pretreatment water for recycling. The reverse osmosis membrane has low pollution degree and can be repeatedly used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by the membrane separation technology is realized by the following steps:
(1) the acidic wastewater is pretreated by a chemical method. The pretreating agent can be calcium oxide, calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate or other chemical agents, the dosage of the pretreating agent is between 0.1 and 50g/L, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to be between 1 and 7, the stirring time is 10 to 120min, the stirring speed is within 50 to 300r/min, the removal rate of fluorine ions in the wastewater is more than 95 percent, the removal rate of fluorine silicate is more than 90 percent, and the turbidity is reduced by more than 60 percent, so that the pretreated water is obtained.
(2) And carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the pretreated water. The ultrafiltration membrane material can be polyether sulfone resin (PES) or polystyrene membrane (PS) or other materials. In the process of ultrafiltration membrane separation treatment, the operating pressure difference can be 0.1-0.9 MPa, the temperature is 10-50 ℃, and the flow rate of the membrane surface is 1-20 L.min-1And meanwhile, the concentrated water obtained after ultrafiltration returns to a sedimentation tank for cyclic utilization, and can remove more than 90% of suspended substances and more than 60% of turbidity in the wastewater. After the used ultrafiltration membrane is cleaned by a chemical method, the membrane flux can be recovered by more than 80%.
(3) And (4) separating the primary treated water by adopting a reverse osmosis membrane. The operation pressure can be 0.1-10 MPa, the temperature is 10-50 deg.C, and the membrane surface flow rate is 1-20 L.min-1Meanwhile, the desalination rate of the primary treated water reaches more than 90 percent, and the produced water is obtained. The concentrated water after the primary treatment water is separated by the reverse osmosis membrane returns to the ultrafiltration water inlet tank and is mixed with the pretreatment water for recycling. The pollution degree of the reverse osmosis membrane is very low.
Example 1
3740mg/L of fluoride ions in acidic wastewater of a certain phosphate fertilizer plant, 4890mg/L of fluosilicate ions and pH of 1.7. 70 percent of industrial calcium oxide is used as a pretreating agent, the dosage is 22g/L, the pH value is not required to be adjusted, the temperature is 25 ℃, the stirring time is 50min, the stirring speed is 200r/min, the removal rate of fluorine ions in the obtained pretreated water is 99.0 percent, the removal rate of fluosilicic acid radical ions is 92.1 percent, the pH value is 4.8, the conductivity is 11.37ms cm < -1 >, and the turbidity is 11.52 NTU. The pretreated water is PES/PS with cut-off molecular weight of 20000Dal and membrane area of 0.28m2The ultrafiltration membrane treatment is carried out, the operating pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the membrane surface flow rate exceeds 7.9 L.min-1At 25 ℃, the ratio of concentrated water to raw water is 1: 1, the turbidity of the obtained primary treated water is 0.27 NTU, and the removal rate is 97.66 percent; the conductivity was 9.8 ms cm-1The ion elution rate was 13.8%. When the membrane flux is reduced by 50 percent, at 25 ℃ and 0.15MPa, III is adoptedThe mixed solution of sodium polyphosphate and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (2: 1) is used for cleaning the ultrafiltration membrane, and the membrane flux can be recovered to more than 90% of the original value. The primary treated water is treated by a high flux reverse osmosis membrane with the interception rate of NaCl more than or equal to 99.2 percent. The operation pressure is 2 Mpa, the time is 100min, and the membrane surface flow rate is 8 L.min-1At 25 ℃ and the conductivity of the secondary treated water was 0.63 ms cm-1The ion elution rate was 93.8%. The reverse osmosis membrane has strong anti-pollution capability, can be continuously used for 12 times, and has membrane flux which is more than 68 percent of the original value.
Example 2
3740mg/L of fluoride ions in acidic wastewater of a certain phosphate fertilizer plant, 4890mg/L of fluosilicate ions and pH of 1.7. Calcium oxide is used as a pretreating agent, the dosage is 18.33g/L, the pH value is not required to be adjusted, the temperature is 15 ℃, the stirring time is 60min, the stirring speed is 200r/min, the fluorine ion removal rate is 99.3%, the fluosilicic acid radical ion removal rate is 93.9%, and the pH value is 4.8. The conductivity of the mixture was adjusted to 11.37ms · cm-1The pretreated water with turbidity of 11.52NTU is PES/PS, the cut-off molecular weight is 20000Dal, and the membrane area is 0.28m2The ultrafiltration membrane is processed, the operation pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the membrane surface flow rate exceeds 9 L.min-1The temperature is 20 ℃, the ratio of concentrated water to raw water is 1: 3, the turbidity of the obtained primary treatment water is 0.18NTU, and the removal rate is 98.44 percent; the conductivity was 10.21 ms · cm-1The ion elution rate was 10.2%. When the membrane flux is reduced by 50%, the ultrafiltration membrane is cleaned by adopting a mixed solution of sodium tripolyphosphate and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (2: 1) at 25 ℃ and 0.15MPa, and the membrane flux can be recovered to be more than 90% of the original value. The primary treated water is treated by a high flux reverse osmosis membrane with the interception rate of NaCl more than or equal to 99.2 percent. The operation pressure is 2.5 Mpa, the time is 100min, and the membrane surface flow rate is 6.3 L.min-1At 35 ℃ and the conductivity of the secondary treated water is 0.59 ms cm-1The ion elution rate was 94.18%. The reverse osmosis membrane has strong anti-pollution capability, can be continuously used for 12 times, and has membrane flux which is more than 68 percent of the original value.
The main easily-scaling ions in the pretreated water, the primary treated water and the produced water are detected, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of scaling prone ions
Main substance | Pretreatment water (mg/L) | First treatment water (mg/L) | Water production (mg/L) |
K+ | 332.14 | 274.7 | 4.41 |
Ca2+ | 2122.0 | 1751.0 | 19.58 |
Si | 750.3 | 74.88 | 1.09 |
F- | 253.51 | 193.14 | 45.09 |
PO4 3- | 3073.57 | 2612.53 | 33.23 |
SO4 2- | 1844.68 | 1586.42 | 42.78 |
Claims (11)
1. A method for removing easily-scaling components in phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using a membrane separation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating the acidic wastewater by a chemical method to obtain pretreated water;
(2) carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the pretreated water to obtain primary treated water;
(3) and (4) separating the primary treated water by using a reverse osmosis membrane to obtain produced water.
2. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acidic wastewater is acidic industrial wastewater generated in phosphate fertilizer, phosphoric acid and phosphate phosphorus chemical industry production enterprises, phosphorite ore dressing enterprises or phosphogypsum slag yards; the pH value of the waste water is between 1 and 6.
3. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the acidic wastewater of phosphorus chemical industry by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acidic wastewater is pretreated by a chemical method, the adopted pretreating agent is calcium chloride or calcium oxide or aluminum sulfate, and the dosage of the pretreating agent is 0.1-50 g/L.
4. The method for removing the scale-prone components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acidic wastewater is pretreated by a chemical method, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 1-7, the stirring time is 10-120min, and the stirring speed is 50-300 r/min.
5. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreated water is subjected to ultrafiltration treatment, and the membrane material is polyether sulfone (PES) resin or Polystyrene (PS) membrane.
6. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by the membrane separation technology according to claim 1, wherein the pretreated water is subjected to ultrafiltration treatment, the operating pressure is 0.1-0.9 MPa, the temperature is 10-50 ℃, and the membrane surface flow rate is 1-20L-min-1In the meantime.
7. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreated water is subjected to ultrafiltration treatment to obtain primary treated water, and the concentrated water is returned to the sedimentation tank for recycling.
8. The method for removing the scale-prone components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the used ultrafiltration membrane is cleaned by a chemical method, and the cleaning agent is one of a citric acid cleaning agent, a sodium hydroxide alkaline cleaning agent, a sodium tripolyphosphate cleaning agent and an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelating agent, or a mixed solution of two or more of the two.
9. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the primary treated water is separated by using a reverse osmosis membrane, the membrane material is polyether sulfone (PES) resin or Polystyrene (PS) membrane or cellulose acetate.
10. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by using the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the primary treated water is separated by using a reverse osmosis membrane, the operation is performedThe working pressure is 0.1-10 MPa, the temperature is 10-50 ℃, and the membrane surface flow rate is 1-20 L.min-1In the meantime.
11. The method for removing the easily-scaling components in the phosphorus chemical industry acidic wastewater by the membrane separation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentrated water obtained after the primary treatment water is separated by the reverse osmosis membrane is returned to the ultrafiltration water inlet tank and mixed with the pretreated water for recycling.
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