CN113582273B - Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device - Google Patents

Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113582273B
CN113582273B CN202010362871.3A CN202010362871A CN113582273B CN 113582273 B CN113582273 B CN 113582273B CN 202010362871 A CN202010362871 A CN 202010362871A CN 113582273 B CN113582273 B CN 113582273B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
evaporator
water
floating support
absorber
floating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202010362871.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN113582273A (en
Inventor
邹苗苗
吴磊
张虞
宋延林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Chemistry CAS
Original Assignee
Institute of Chemistry CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Chemistry CAS filed Critical Institute of Chemistry CAS
Priority to CN202010362871.3A priority Critical patent/CN113582273B/en
Publication of CN113582273A publication Critical patent/CN113582273A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113582273B publication Critical patent/CN113582273B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0005—Evaporating devices suitable for floating on water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion of an interface solar evaporator, and discloses an evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, a water purification method and a solar evaporation water purification device. Wherein the evaporator includes an absorber and a floating support for floating on the liquid; the absorber is arranged above the floating support body, and the absorber and the floating support body surround to form an interval space; the upper surface and the lower surface which cover the absorber are respectively provided with a plurality of groove runners, and the groove runners are internally provided with continuously arranged micro-pit lattices. The evaporator and the method of the invention can realize self-cleaning of the surface of the absorber, and have the advantages of high evaporation rate, good evaporation effect and long-term stability.

Description

Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion of an interface solar evaporator, in particular to an evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, a water purification method and a solar evaporation water purification device.
Background
Water shortage is one of the most serious global challenges, and therefore, the solution of water shortage is crucial to the world and China.
The current methods for obtaining clean water include the following methods: although a seawater desalination plant can convey a large amount of fresh water, the seawater desalination plant needs energy consumption and has the problem of environmental pollution; water-absorbing materials represented by metal organic framework Materials (MOFs) can collect water at low humidity, but are difficult to synthesize and expensive; in nature, cactus, spider webs and the like collect fog through micro-nano structures to obtain water, but the cactus, the spider webs and the like cannot play a role in cleaning water; solar evaporators are regarded as a sustainable method for obtaining clean water by converting solar energy into heat energy and further into steam/evaporation energy, and have attracted extensive attention in academia and industry, but have a problem of low photothermal conversion efficiency.
Although interface solar photothermal evaporators have been studied in recent years to improve the photothermal-steam conversion efficiency, in the actual process of treating water to be purified, there is still a problem how to realize continuous and stable performance of high-efficiency light conversion by the equipment. The realization of long-term, continuous, stable, efficient and economical evaporator is the key research point of the next generation of three-dimensional solar seawater desalination and heavy metal ion sewage treatment evaporator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that salt particles and heavy metal ions are separated out and attached to the surface of an absorber and further the evaporation rate and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency are reduced in the process of treating high-concentration seawater and sewage containing heavy metal ions by an interface solar evaporator in the prior art, and provides an evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, a water purification method and a solar evaporation water purification device.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an evaporator, wherein the evaporator includes an absorbent body 1 and a floating support body 2 for floating on a liquid; the absorption body 1 is arranged above the floating support body 2, and the absorption body 1 and the floating support body 2 form an interval space in a surrounding mode; wherein, the upper surface and the lower surface covering the absorber 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of groove runners 3, and the inside of the groove runners 3 is provided with a continuous arrangement of micro-pit lattices.
In a second aspect the present invention provides a method of water purification, wherein the method comprises: the evaporator described above is floated on the surface of water to be purified under irradiation of a light source, and purification treatment is performed by evaporation of the water to be purified on the absorber 1 of the evaporator used.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a solar evaporation water purification device, wherein the device comprises the evaporator.
Through the technical scheme, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the evaporator can ensure that the convection and diffusion processes in the absorber are more rapidly carried out when the high-concentration liquid to be purified is evaporated, and high-concentration salt and heavy metal ions are continuously discharged; and the free interface for water molecule escape becomes wide, the escape is accelerated, and the influence of steam pressure difference reduction caused by high-concentration liquid is relatively reduced.
(2) The absorber in the evaporator can convert light energy into heat energy at an air-water interface by utilizing solar energy and then convert the heat energy into steam/evaporation energy, so that clean water gas is continuously evaporated.
(3) The absorber in the evaporator of the invention can realize self-cleaning.
(4) The groove flow channel on the surface of the absorbing body in the evaporator can ensure the supply of liquid.
(5) The bridge-shaped overhead structure of the evaporator can maximally reduce the contact with bulk water, thereby improving the photo-thermal-steam/evaporation conversion efficiency.
(6) The evaporator of the invention can provide a novel solution for the household evaporator to continuously produce water day and night without human intervention for cleaning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the evaporator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dimple structure in a grooved channel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of evaporation rate of example 1 of the present invention when treating seawater of different NaCl content (salinity);
FIG. 4 is a surface optical photograph of an absorber of the present invention at an evaporative NaCl concentration of 10 wt%;
FIG. 5 is a surface photomicrograph of an absorber of the invention at an evaporative NaCl concentration of 20 wt%;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of purifying water using the evaporator of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the evaporation rate of comparative example 1 of the present invention when treating seawater of different NaCl content (salinity);
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a dimple structure in a grooved channel on an absorber in an evaporator of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Absorber 2, floating support body 3, groove flow channel
4. Notch 5, auxiliary support
a. Pure water b, 10 wt% NaCl content c, 20 wt% NaCl content
L1One side theta and vertex angle of' vertex angle theta
L2And the other side where the 'vertex angle theta' is positioned
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The present invention provides, in a first aspect, an evaporator, wherein the evaporator includes an absorbent body 1 and a floating support body 2 for floating on a liquid; the absorption body 1 is arranged above the floating support body 2, and the absorption body 1 and the floating support body 2 form an interval space in a surrounding mode; wherein, the upper surface and the lower surface covering the absorber 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of groove runners 3, and the inside of the groove runners 3 is provided with a continuous arrangement of micro-pit lattices.
According to the present invention, the evaporator may also be referred to as an open type evaporator, that is, the absorbent body 1 is connected to opposite sides of the floating support body 2 and is separated from the other opposite sides of the floating support body 2, which is equivalent to placing the absorbent body 1 on the floating support body 2 in an "overhead" manner, and forming a hollow bridge configuration with the floating support body 2 as a bottom surface and the absorbent body 1 as an arc surface, that is, the absorbent body 1 and the floating support body 2 enclose a hollow ring structure.
In the present invention, the evaporator of the aforementioned specific configuration is employed because the inventors of the present invention found that:
first, the evaporator of the present invention adopts a bridge configuration, which can maximally reduce contact with water to be purified (bulk water), and the extremely low thermal conductivity of air minimizes the loss of heat conduction of bulk water penetrating into the support layer, thereby improving the photo-thermal-steam/evaporation conversion efficiency.
Secondly, the evaporator of the present invention, which adopts a bridge configuration, enables a gradient distribution of temperature over the absorbent body, thereby further achieving the supply of the evaporative liquid by utilizing the non-uniformity of the volatilization field.
Thirdly, the evaporator of the present invention adopts a bridge configuration, i.e., an air space layer is provided between the lower surface of the absorber 1 and the upper surface of the floating support 2, in order to achieve a spatial separation between the evaporation interface and the liquid (bulk water) by means of air (thermal conductivity of only 0.025W/(m · K)), thereby reducing heat loss.
Fourthly, the absorber of the evaporator of the invention adopts an open evaporation interface, on one hand, the open evaporation interface can ensure that the convection process (the concentration gradient and the Marangoni flow generated by the temperature gradient cause the high-concentration salt to be discharged downwards) in the absorber can be carried out more quickly when the high-concentration liquid to be purified is evaporated, the high-concentration salt and heavy metal ions are continuously discharged, and the evaporator can be further suitable for the purification treatment of various kinds of water, such as the treatment of seawater and/or sewage; on the other hand, the open evaporation interface can enable the free interface of water molecule escape to become wide, escape is accelerated, and meanwhile, the influence of steam pressure difference reduction caused by high-concentration liquid is relatively reduced.
According to the invention, the micro-pit lattice comprises a plurality of micro-pits which are asymmetric-shaped micro-pits, and as shown in the figure, the micro-pits comprise V shapes and/or arrow-head shapes, and are preferably V-shaped; the micro-pits have the function of continuously initiating water to move forwards through the asymmetry of the shape so as to supplement water; specifically, the micro-pits mainly function: the structure can retain water within the structure for extended periods of time so that the evaporator surface does not evaporate. That is, during evaporation, the structure can continuously extract water from the bulk phase as evaporation proceeds, using the principle of capillary force, i.e., capillary force absorbs water and is "not evaporated to dryness".
According to the invention, the V-shaped micro-pits or the arrow-shaped micro-pits have a length of 50-1500 μm, a width of 50-1000 μm, a depth of 50-1000 μm, and a vertex angle of the V-shaped or arrow-shaped micro-pits of 15-75 degrees; preferably, the length of the V-shaped micro-pit or the arrow-shaped micro-pit is 500-.
According to the invention, the interval between the adjacent micro pits is 150-.
According to the invention, as shown in the cross-sectional view of the micro-pit structure in the groove flow channel on the absorber in the evaporator of the invention in fig. 8, the advantage of adopting the structure designed in fig. 8 is to construct a stable thin liquid film, ensure that the structure does not dry and ensure that the evaporation is continuously carried out.
According to the invention, the two sides of the 'vertex angle theta' are L1And L2Wherein L is1And L2The included angle between the plane and the horizontal plane is an acute angle of 10-60 degrees, and in the invention, the angle is L1And L2The coplanar formation of the acute angle of 10-60 degrees formed by the included angle with the horizontal plane is described as the arrangement that the plane where the V-shaped micro pits or the arrow-shaped micro pits are arranged is 10-60 degrees with the horizontal plane, and is preferably 20-55 degrees. In the present invention, it should be noted that "length" of the V-shaped dimple or the arrow-shaped dimple refers to a distance from a vertex of the V-shaped dimple or the arrow-shaped dimple to a base, a "width" of the V-shaped dimple or the arrow-shaped dimple refers to a length of the base corresponding to the vertex of the V-shaped dimple or the arrow-shaped dimple, and a "vertex" of the V-shaped dimple or the arrow-shaped dimple refers to a vertex of the V-shaped dimple or the arrow-shaped dimple.
In the present invention, with the above-described dimples as defined above, stable retention of water films on the upper and lower surfaces of the absorber can be further achieved; and, the micro-pits can further continuously maintain the supply of water by means of capillary force.
According to the invention, the method for preparing the groove flow channel 3 and forming the micro-pit lattice comprises one or more of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing, photocuring modeling (SLA) 3D printing, three-dimensional powder bonding (3D) printing (3DP), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D printing, Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing and injection molding extrusion.
According to the present invention, the plurality of grooved channels 3 do not communicate with each other, and in the present invention, "do not communicate with each other" means that the grooved channels 3 adjacent to each other or not adjacent to each other do not communicate with each other on the upper surface, the lower surface, and between the upper surface and the lower surface of the absorbent body 1. In the invention, the groove flow channel 3 covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the absorber 1, and the groove flow channel 3 on the upper surface and the groove flow channel 3 on the lower surface are not communicated with each other, so that the common evaporation of the upper surface and the lower surface is realized, and the dark field evaporation efficiency is increased. In the invention, the groove flow channel is a water supply channel, and in the invention, the capillary force formed by the groove can drive water to overcome gravity and climb upwards. Therefore, the lower surface is also provided with a groove flow channel, and water can be attached to the lower surface of the bridge to be evaporated. That is, the evaporation area is increased again.
According to the present invention, the groove channels 3 are closely arranged, and there is a "wall" space between any two adjacent groove channels, so as to prevent water from "communicating" between two adjacent grooves, and the "wall" space is used to enhance capillary force and thus promote water to be supplied upwards. Preferably, the thickness of the "wall" space is 5-10% of the width of the groove.
According to the invention, the width of the groove flow channel 3 is 50-1000 μm, and the depth is 50-1000 μm; preferably, the width is 200-.
In the present invention, the length of the groove flow channel 3 is not particularly limited, and may be selected as needed.
In the invention, the semi-closed capillary force generated by the groove flow channel 3 can realize that liquid spreads on the surface of the absorber 1 to form an evaporation thin layer limited water film, thereby ensuring the supply of the liquid.
According to the invention, gaps 4 are arranged at intervals on two opposite sides of the floating support body 2, and the gaps 4 are used for enabling liquid to be in contact with the end parts of two sides of the absorber; the liquid can contact with the end parts of both sides of the absorbent body 1 through the gap of the floating support body 2, and the end parts of both sides of the absorbent body 1 always contact with the liquid in the container. After contacting the absorbent body 1, the liquid in the container spreads in the groove channels 3 on the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent body 1. The liquid spreads the groove channels 3 on the absorbent body 1 in a manner including, but not limited to, spontaneous spreading by capillary force and providing external dynamic spreading.
According to the invention, the gaps are uniformly distributed on two corresponding sides of the floating support body 2, preferably, the number of the gaps 4 on one side is 4-10 per side; the purpose of the notches is to ensure that the evaporator is able to come into contact with sufficient water. If the gap is too small, the water cannot come and cannot contact with the evaporator, and the work cannot be carried out.
According to the invention, the length and width of the notch can be proportionally set according to the size of the evaporator. Preferably, the gap has a length of 6-15% on the same side of the floating support 2 and a width of 3-5% on the same side of the floating support 2. The height of the notch 4 is based on the auxiliary support 5 which is mounted on the absorbent body 1 and the liquid of which submerges the floating support 2 on the lower layer and does not submerge on the upper layer.
In the invention, the notch can enable the liquid to spread on the surface of the absorber 1 to form an evaporation thin layer limited water film, thereby ensuring the supply of the liquid.
According to the invention, an auxiliary support 5 is arranged above said floating support 2; preferably, said auxiliary support 5 is arranged inside said interspace; the auxiliary support 5 is shorter than the floating support 2. The auxiliary supporting body 5 is shorter than the floating supporting body 2, the height of the auxiliary supporting body 5 is higher than the horizontal liquid level of the liquid, the height of the floating supporting body 2 is lower than the horizontal liquid level of the liquid, the absorption body 1 can be supported on the left end and the right end of the floating supporting body 2 and can be in contact with the liquid, and convection and diffusion between the liquid in the absorption body 1 and the liquid are favorably realized.
According to the invention, the distance between the highest point of the absorption body 1 and the floating support 2 is 1-120 cm; in the present invention, the length of the absorbent body 1 is not particularly limited, the groove channel is equivalent to being "laid" on the absorbent body, and how long the absorbent body is and how long the channel is, and can be selected according to the need. In the invention, the absorbent body 1 can realize large-area liquid evaporation by array arrangement.
According to the invention, the absorbent body 1 is shaped as a bridge, wave or fold, preferably as a bridge. In the invention, the absorber 1 with the shape is selected to increase dark field evaporation so as to improve the evaporation rate, and the gradient distribution of the temperature in the absorber 1 can be realized, so that the supply of the evaporation liquid is further realized by utilizing the nonuniformity of the volatilization field.
In the invention, the absorber 1 converts light energy into heat energy at an air-water interface by utilizing abundant, clean and pollution-free solar energy, and then converts the heat energy into steam/evaporation energy, so that clean water and air are continuously evaporated out, and further, clean water can be collected by a condensation method.
According to the invention, the material for preparing the absorber 1 comprises black body material and base material, wherein the content of the black body material is 0.1-50 wt%, and the content of the base material is 50-99.9 wt%; preferably, the black body material is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt%, and the base material is contained in an amount of 90 to 99.5 wt%; more preferably, the black body material is present in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0 wt%, and the base material is present in an amount of 95 to 99 wt%. In the present invention, the blackbody material is used for absorbing sunlight and performing energy conversion, and the energy conversion effect is the best within the range defined above. If the content of the black body material is too high, the black body material is easy to cause the failure of dispersion and the agglomeration problem can be generated; if the content of the black body material is too low, the photothermal conversion power is low.
According to the invention, the black body material is selected from one or more of graphite, graphene oxide, carbon black, carbon nano tubes, carbon fibers, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, carbonized biomass, black master batch and ferroferric oxide; preferably one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes and polyaniline. In the invention, the carbonized biomass refers to a black substance left after the biomass is ablated.
According to the invention, the matrix material is selected from one or more of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylates and epoxy resin; preferably one or more of polystyrene, polypropylene and acrylates.
According to the present invention, the material for preparing the floating support 2 is the same as or different from the material for preparing the auxiliary support 5, and each is selected from one or more of polystyrene foam board, polyurethane foam board, polyvinyl chloride foam board, polyethylene foam board and phenol foam board, preferably one or more of polystyrene foam board, polyurethane foam board and polyethylene foam board.
According to the invention, the floating supports 2 and the auxiliary supports 5 can be connected by gluing, for example with glue.
Preferably, the density of the floating support 2 satisfies the formula (a):
ρsupporting floating body＝(ρLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereof×S1×h1-M1)/(S1×h1+S2×h2) Formula (a);
wherein, M1Is the mass of the absorbent body 1;
where ρ isLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereofIs the density of the liquid to be purified;
wherein S is1Is the surface area of the floating support 2;
wherein S is2Is the surface area of the auxiliary support 5;
wherein h is1Is the thickness of the floating support 2;
wherein h is2Is the thickness of the auxiliary support 5.
According to the invention, the density of the floating support 2 is defined primarily for selecting a corresponding floating support material suitable for the absorption body. For existing absorbers, the density of the desired selected floating support material can be determined by this formula, and thus whether the material is suitable.
In the present invention, a method for producing the material of the absorber includes: and uniformly dispersing the components of the black body material in the matrix material in a stirring machine, an ultrasonic machine, a pulverizer, single-screw and double-screw blending mode and the like.
In a second aspect the present invention provides a method of water purification, wherein the method comprises: the evaporator described above is floated on the surface of the water to be purified under the irradiation of the light source, and the purification treatment is performed by the evaporation of the water to be purified on the absorber 1 included in the evaporator used.
According to the invention, the evaporator comprises a floating support 2 immersed in the water to be purified, and the evaporator comprises an auxiliary support 5 arranged on the floating support 2 and not immersed in the water to be purified.
According to the invention, the level of the water to be purified is higher than the floating support 2 and lower than the auxiliary support 5 in the evaporator; preferably, the absorption body 1 penetrates into the water to be purified to a depth of 1-20%, more preferably 1-5%, of the total height of the absorption body 1.
In the invention, the left and right side ends of the absorber 1 are contacted with the bulk water, so that convection and diffusion between liquid in the absorber and the bulk water are realized; at the same time, a water supply channel is provided, and when the container is exhausted, i.e. no liquid is supplied, the evaporator will pause. At the moment, the surface regeneration of the absorber can be realized only by adding the same liquid, and the self-cleaning of the solar evaporator is realized. As the evaporation proceeds, the device is always in good contact with the liquid in the container by means of said floating support 2, thus achieving a continuous supply of water.
According to the invention, the water to be purified is seawater and/or heavy metal sewage; wherein, the seawater is simulated seawater, and is prepared into seawater solution by adding NaCl, and the NaCl accounts for 3.5 wt% in most seawater in the world. In the present invention, the composition of the simulated high-concentration seawater used was 20 wt% NaCl. In addition, in the invention, the heavy metal sewage adopts CuSO4And ZnSO4Two solutions, wherein, CuSO4Concentration of 10 wt%, ZnSO4The concentration was 10 wt%.
According to the invention, the conditions of the light source include: the light intensity is 0.5-1.5kW/m2Corresponding to 0.5-1.5 solar intensities. In the present invention, one solar intensity is 1kW/m2。
According to the present invention, when a high concentration brine containing 20 wt% NaCl is treated, a photo-thermal-steam conversion efficiency of about 80% can be achieved.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a solar evaporation water purification device, wherein the device comprises the evaporator.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
the evaporation rate is measured by the water evaporation capacity, namely the scale reading change;
percisa (Precisa) Ten-thousandth Scale purchased from Seiki precision instruments & Meter;
both the blackbody material and the base material are commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
Example 1
This example 1 is intended to illustrate the purification of seawater by the apparatus and method of the present invention.
(1) As shown in fig. 1, the parameters of the evaporator are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the groove flow channel 3 has a width of 750 μm and a depth of 700 μm, the groove flow channels 3 adjacent to each other are closely arranged, the length of a single V-shaped dimple is 1000 μm, the width is 700 μm, the depth is 600 μm, the vertex angle of the V-shaped dimple is 45 °, the interval between the mutually adjacent dimples is 1100 μm, and the angle between the mutually adjacent dimples and the horizontal plane is 30 °;
wherein, the distance between the topmost end of the absorber 1 and the floating support body 2 is 1.1 cm; the width of the absorber 1 is 15 times of that of the single groove runner 3; the absorber is in a bridge shape, and the bending degree is 180 degrees;
wherein, the number of the unilateral notches is 5, the height of the notch is the height of the floating support body, the length of the notch is 12 percent of the same side of the supporting floating body, and the width of the notch is 3 percent of the same side of the supporting floating body;
wherein the blackbody material component for preparing the absorber 1 is carbon fiber, and the addition amount is 0.5 wt%. The base material of the absorber used was a photosensitive acrylic resin. Wherein the carbon fibers are dispersed in the acrylic resin by a stirrer. And preparing the micro-nano structure light absorber by high-precision Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. The light intensity used was 66.75mW/cm2. The surface projection playing speed is 1.0 s/sheet. After printing, sonication in absolute ethanol for 90s was carried out three consecutive times. Then blowing with high-purity nitrogen, and curing for 5min under an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the wavelength of the ultraviolet is 405 nm.
Wherein, the floating support body 2 is a polystyrene foam board.
(2) Purification method
The evaporator shown in fig. 1 is placed in a container having a projection area equivalent to that of the evaporator, and the container contains high salinity seawater to be evaporated, wherein the simulated seawater has 10 wt% NaCl and 20 wt% NaCl, respectively. The entire apparatus, consisting of evaporator, seawater and vessel, was placed on a pestris (Precisa) ten thousandth balance and the balance readings recorded in real time.
The solar xenon lamp simulator provides sunlight, and the light intensity is calibrated by a standard silicon solar cell to reach 1kW/m2(1 solar intensity); the absorption body 1 has a depth into the container of liquid of 3% of the total height of the absorption body 1, and the temperature at the top of the absorption body 1 differs from the temperature of the bottom floating support 2 by 3 ℃.
The amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during the evaporation was analyzed, and a time-mass change was made as shown in FIG. 3As can be seen from fig. 3: the amount of steam generated from pure water was 1.50kg/m2H, 10 wt% NaCl solution steam generation 1.43kg/m2H, a steam generation of 20 wt% NaCl solution of 1.37kg/m2·h。
In addition, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5 which are optical photographs of the surface topography of the absorber 1 in which 10 wt% NaCl solution and 20 wt% NaCl solution were evaporated, respectively, it can be seen that the absorber surface was both clean and free of contamination; further, the surface was still clean by continuous evaporation of 20 wt% NaCl solution for 8 hours. 20 wt% NaCl solutions already contain very high concentrations of salinity, which are rarely used for domestic seawater desalination. Therefore, the evaporator is used for households without the problem of salt precipitation on the surface.
Example 2
Example 1 is intended to illustrate the purification of heavy metal wastewater using the apparatus and method of the present invention.
Heavy metal wastewater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that: replacing seawater with heavy metal sewage, wherein the heavy metal sewage comprises the following components: 10 wt% CuSO4、10wt％ZnSO4、10wt％FeSO4、10wt％MnSO4。
The amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, and the results were: 10 wt% CuSO4The steam generation amount of (2) is 1.47kg/m2·h，10wt％ZnSO4The steam generation amount was 1.45kg/m2·h，10wt％FeSO4The steam generation amount was 1.39kg/m2·h，MnSO410 wt% steam generation 1.42kg/m2·h。
In addition, the CuSO is separately evaporated4、ZnSO4、FeSO4、MnSO4The surface of the rear absorbent body 1 is clean and pollution-free.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6, the cleaning water evaporated in example 1 and example 2 was subjected to an inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) test. Wherein, 20 wt% NaCl solution and 10 wt% CuSO4Solution, 10 wt% ZnSO4Na after evaporation of the solution+、Cu2 +、Zn2+The concentrations are respectively 12.5ppm, 0.017ppm and 0.079ppm, and reach the drinking water standard in the World Health Organization (WHO). (Na)+Concentration of 200ppm, Cu2+Concentration less than 1ppm, Zn2+At a concentration of less than 1 ppm). In addition, 10 wt% FeSO4、10wt％MnSO4Fe after evaporation of the solution2+、Mn2+The concentration is 0.054ppm and 0.038ppm respectively, and reaches the drinking water standard (Fe) in the World Health Organization (WHO)2+Concentration less than 0.3ppm, Mn2+At a concentration of less than 0.1 ppm).
Examples 3 to 6
Seawater (or heavy metal-containing wastewater) was treated by the same apparatus and method as in example 1, except that: the width and depth of the groove channel 3, the length, width and depth of a single micro pit, the appearance and included angle of the micro pit, the interval between adjacent micro pits, the inclination angle, the distance from the highest point of the absorber 1 to the floating support body 2, the components and the addition amount of the black body material, the absorber base material, the printing light intensity, the surface projection playing speed, the supporting floating body 2 and the simulated solar light intensity condition in the step are modified, and the prepared results are shown in table 1 (experimental conditions and results of examples 3-6).
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002475581180000131
Figure BDA0002475581180000141
Comparative example 1
The seawater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the floating evaporator was not placed on the water surface, i.e., only the bare water surface was used.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 0.40kg/m2H, vapor generation of 10 wt% NaCl solution was 0.38kg/m2H, a steam generation amount of 20 wt% NaCl solution of 0.34kg/m2H (see FIG. 7). Rapid rate of evaporationThe drastic reduction is due to the fact that steam can only be generated by directly heating the bulk water at this time, which in turn causes significant heat losses. Therefore, the advantage of the photothermal evaporator that the interface water is heated is shown, and the solar energy can be utilized to the maximum extent.
Comparative example 2
Heavy metal wastewater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the floating evaporator was not placed on the water surface, i.e., only the bare water surface was used.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 0.40kg/m2·h，10wt％CuSO4The amount of solution vapor generated was 0.35kg/m2·h，10wt％ZnSO4The amount of solution vapor generated was 0.38kg/m2H. The evaporation rate decreases dramatically because steam can only be generated by directly heating the bulk water at this time, causing significant heat loss. Therefore, the advantage that the photothermal evaporator heats the interface water is embodied, and the solar energy can be utilized to the maximum extent.
Comparative example 3
Seawater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent body 1 were not provided with a plurality of grooved channels 3 arranged in parallel with the wide sides of the floating support body 2.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) in the evaporation process was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 0.08kg/m2H, vapor generation of 10 wt% NaCl solution was 0.03kg/m2H, vapor generation of 20 wt% NaCl solution 0.02kg/m2H. The evaporation rate decreases dramatically because without the grooved channels, the water in the container cannot be transported by capillary forces to the surface of the absorbent body for evaporation.
In addition, the surface of the absorbent body 1, which evaporates 10 wt% NaCl solution and 20 wt% NaCl solution, is contaminated, that is, a large amount of salt crystals are precipitated. The reason is that the precipitated salt stays on the surface of the absorbent body after the surface of the absorbent body is evaporated to dryness due to the absence of the grooved channels, and cannot be discharged into the liquid container. Further evaporation cannot be performed even after the absorbent is contaminated.
Comparative example 4
Heavy metal contaminated water was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent body 1 were not provided with a plurality of grooved flow channels 3 arranged in parallel with the wide sides of the floating support body 2.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) in the evaporation process was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 0.08kg/m2·h，10wt％CuSO4The amount of solution vapor generated was 0.05kg/m2·h，10wt％ZnSO4The steam generation amount of the solution is 0.06kg/m2H. The evaporation rate decreases dramatically because without the grooved channels, the water in the container cannot be transported by capillary forces to the surface of the absorbent body for evaporation.
In addition, 10 wt% CuSO was evaporated4Solution and 10 wt% ZnSO4The surface of the solution absorber 1 is contaminated, i.e., a few solid particles are precipitated. The reason is that, after the surface of the absorbent body is dried due to the absence of the grooved channels, the precipitated solid particles stay on the surface of the absorbent body and cannot be discharged into the liquid container. Further evaporation cannot be performed even after the absorbent is contaminated.
Comparative example 5
Seawater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent body 1 were provided with a plurality of grooved channels 3 arranged in parallel with the wide sides of the floating support body 2, but the inside of the grooved channels 3 was not provided with a continuous array of dimple lattices.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 1.18kg/m2H, 10 wt% NaCl solution steam generation 1.14kg/m2H, a steam generation of 20 wt% NaCl solution of 1.08kg/m2H. The evaporation rate is reduced to a certain extent because the capillary force is weakened to a certain extent due to the absence of the continuous array of micro-pit lattices, thereby causing the water supply rate to lag behind the evaporation rate.
Comparative example 6
Heavy metal wastewater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent body 1 were provided with a plurality of grooved channels 3 arranged in parallel with the wide sides of the floating support body 2, but the grooved channels 3 were not provided with a continuous array of micro-pit arrays therein.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 1.18kg/m2·h，10wt％CuSO4The amount of solution vapor generated was 1.10kg/m2·h，10wt％ZnSO4The amount of solution vapor generated was 1.09kg/m2H. The evaporation rate is reduced to a certain extent because the capillary force is weakened to a certain extent due to the absence of the continuous array of micro-pit lattices, thereby causing the water supply rate to lag behind the evaporation rate.
Comparative example 7
Seawater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the black body material was replaced with a photosensitive acrylate without the addition of 0.5 wt% carbon fiber.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 0.58kg/m2H, vapor generation of 10 wt% NaCl solution was 0.57kg/m2H, a steam generation of 20 wt% NaCl solution of 0.50kg/m2H. The evaporation rate decreases drastically, because without the light-absorbing carbon fiber material, the light-absorbing properties of the absorber decrease drastically, and sufficient heat cannot be generated for evaporation.
Comparative example 8
Seawater was purified in the same manner as in example 1, except that the black body material was replaced with a photosensitive acrylate without the addition of 0.5 wt% carbon fiber.
As a result: the amount of steam generation (mass reduction) during evaporation was analyzed, wherein the amount of steam generation of pure water was 0.58kg/m2·h，10wt％CuSO4The amount of solution vapor generated was 0.55kg/m2·h，10wt％ZnSO4The steam generation amount of the solution was 0.56kg/m2·h。The evaporation rate decreases drastically, because without the light-absorbing carbon fiber material, the light-absorbing properties of the absorber decrease drastically, and sufficient heat cannot be generated for evaporation.
It can be seen from the examples, comparative examples and the results in table 1 that the evaporator and method of the present invention can achieve self-cleaning of the absorber surface, fast evaporation rate, and good and long-term stability of the evaporation effect.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including various technical features being combined in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (20)

1. An evaporator for desalination of sea water and purification of polluted water, characterized in that it comprises an absorption body (1) and a floating support (2) for floating on the liquid; the absorber (1) is arranged above the floating support body (2), and the absorber (1) is arranged on the floating support body (2) in an overhead manner to form a hollow bridge-shaped configuration with the floating support body (2) as a bottom surface and the absorber (1) as an arc surface; wherein, a plurality of groove flow channels (3) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface which cover the absorber (1), and a micro-pit lattice which is continuously arranged is arranged in the groove flow channels (3);
wherein the micro-pit lattice comprises a plurality of micro-pits, and the micro-pits are V-shaped and/or arrow-shaped; the length of the V-shaped micro pit or the arrow-shaped micro pit is 50-1500 μm, the width is 50-1000 μm, and the depth is 50-1000 μm; the vertex angle of the V shape or the arrow shape is 15-75 degrees; the interval between the adjacent micro pits is 150-1500 mu m;
wherein the width of the groove flow channel (3) is 50-1000 μm, and the depth is 50-1000 μm;
wherein the material for preparing the absorbent body (1) comprises: the black body material comprises a black body material and a base material, wherein the content of the black body material is 0.1-50 wt%, and the content of the base material is 50-99.9 wt%.
2. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the dimples are V-shaped.
3. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the method of preparing the groove flow channels (3) and forming the micro-pit lattice comprises:
one or more of fused deposition modeling 3D printing, photocuring modeling 3D printing, three-dimensional powder bonding 3D printing, selective laser sintering 3D printing, digital light processing technology 3D printing and injection molding extrusion.
4. An evaporator according to claim 1 or 3 wherein a plurality of the groove flow channels (3) are not interconnected with each other.
5. Evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the floating support (2) is provided with notches (4) spaced apart on opposite sides, the notches (4) being adapted to bring the liquid into contact with the ends of the absorption body on both sides.
6. Evaporator according to claim 5, wherein the number of notches (4) is between 4 and 10 per side.
7. Evaporator according to claim 1 or 5, wherein an auxiliary support (5) is provided above the floating support (2).
8. Evaporator according to claim 7, wherein the auxiliary support (5) is arranged within the interspace.
9. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the highest point of the absorption body (1) and the floating support (2) is 1-120 cm.
10. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the absorbent body (1) has a shape of a bridge, a wave or a corrugation.
11. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the blackbody material is selected from one or more of graphite, graphene oxide, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, carbonized biomass, black masterbatch, and ferroferric oxide.
12. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the matrix material is selected from one or more of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylates, and epoxies.
13. Evaporator according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the floating support (2) is made of a material selected from one or more of polystyrene foam board, polyurethane foam board, polyvinyl chloride foam board, polyethylene foam board and phenolic foam board.
14. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the density of the floating support (2) satisfies formula (a):
ρsupporting floating body＝(ρLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereof×S1×h1-M1)/(S1×h1+S2×h2) Formula (a);
wherein M is1Is the mass of the absorbent body (1);
where ρ isLiquid, method for producing the same and use thereofIs the density of the liquid to be purified;
wherein S is1Is the surface area of the floating support (2);
wherein S is2Is the surface area of the auxiliary support (5);
wherein h is1Is the thickness of the floating support (2);
wherein h is2Is the thickness of the auxiliary support body (5).
15. A method of purifying water, the method comprising: floating the evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 14 on the surface of the water to be purified under irradiation of a light source, the purification treatment being carried out by evaporation of the water to be purified on the absorber (1) of the evaporator used.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the evaporator comprises a floating support (2) immersed in the water to be purified, and an auxiliary support (5) arranged on the floating support (2) and not immersed in the water to be purified.
17. A method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the absorption body (1) penetrates into the water to be purified to a depth of 1-20% of the total height of the absorption body (1).
18. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the water to be purified is seawater and/or heavy metal contaminated water.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the light source has a light intensity of 0.5-1.5kW/m2。
20. A solar evaporative water purification device comprising an evaporator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
CN202010362871.3A 2020-04-30 2020-04-30 Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device Active CN113582273B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010362871.3A CN113582273B (en) 2020-04-30 2020-04-30 Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010362871.3A CN113582273B (en) 2020-04-30 2020-04-30 Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113582273A CN113582273A (en) 2021-11-02
CN113582273B true CN113582273B (en) 2022-05-13

Family

ID=78237195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010362871.3A Active CN113582273B (en) 2020-04-30 2020-04-30 Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113582273B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114455655A (en) * 2022-02-21 2022-05-10 东莞理工学院 Handle zero liquid discharge's of high salt mixed brine solar energy crystallizer
CN115676947A (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-02-03 深圳职业技术学院 Solar interface evaporator and manufacturing method thereof
CN116040724B (en) * 2023-01-12 2024-04-26 武汉大学 Bionic temperature self-sensing solar evaporator
CN117326615B (en) * 2023-11-28 2024-02-02 苏州大学 Three-dimensional isomerism evaporator and preparation method and application thereof

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106542598B (en) * 2017-01-23 2024-02-09 北京大学 Solar sea water desalting device
CN109879344B (en) * 2019-03-06 2020-06-19 华北电力大学 Photo-thermal evaporation surface and preparation and application thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113582273A (en) 2021-11-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN113582273B (en) Evaporator for seawater desalination and sewage purification, water purification method and solar evaporation water purification device
Zhang et al. Direct solar steam generation system for clean water production
Arunkumar et al. Energy efficient materials for solar water distillation-A review
Li et al. Solar-powered sustainable water production: state-of-the-art technologies for sunlight–energy–water nexus
Zhou et al. Solar water evaporation toward water purification and beyond
Sun et al. 3D-structured carbonized sunflower heads for improved energy efficiency in solar steam generation
Ibrahim et al. Semiconductor photothermal materials enabling efficient solar steam generation toward desalination and wastewater treatment
Liu et al. A mimetic transpiration system for record high conversion efficiency in solar steam generator under one-sun
Tang et al. Realization of low latent heat of a solar evaporator via regulating the water state in wood channels
Fan et al. The role of micro-nano pores in interfacial solar evaporation systems–a review
Xie et al. Three-dimensionally structured polypyrrole-coated setaria viridis spike composites for efficient solar steam generation
Huang et al. Review of interface solar-driven steam generation systems: High-efficiency strategies, applications and challenges
Chen et al. Highly anisotropic corncob as an efficient solar steam-generation device with heat localization and rapid water transportation
Sharshir et al. Improving the performance of tubular solar still integrated with drilled carbonized wood and carbon black thin film evaporation
CN107235591B (en) Application of photo-thermal conversion copper sulfide composite film in water treatment
Zhang et al. Temperature-difference-induced electricity during solar desalination with bilayer MXene-based monoliths
Cai et al. Advances in desalination technology and its environmental and economic assessment
Wang et al. A self-floating and integrated bionic mushroom for highly efficient solar steam generation
Wang et al. Highly efficient self-floating jellyfish-like solar steam generators based on the partially carbonized Enteromorpha aerogel
Tuly et al. Effects of design and operational parameters on the performance of a solar distillation system: A comprehensive review
Khajevand et al. A bio-based 3D evaporator nanocomposite for highly efficient solar desalination
Alam et al. Stable and salt-resistant Janus evaporator based on cellulose composite aerogels from waste cotton fabric
Ivan et al. Jute stick derived self-regenerating sustainable solar evaporators with different salt mitigation mechanisms for highly efficient solar desalination
Cheng et al. A thermally insulated solar evaporator coupled with a passive condenser for freshwater collection
Xu et al. Highly efficient solar driven cogeneration of freshwater and electricity

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant