CN113580994B - An electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization method and system thereof - Google Patents

An electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization method and system thereof Download PDF

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CN113580994B
CN113580994B CN202110897408.3A CN202110897408A CN113580994B CN 113580994 B CN113580994 B CN 113580994B CN 202110897408 A CN202110897408 A CN 202110897408A CN 113580994 B CN113580994 B CN 113580994B
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electric vehicle
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time interval
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CN113580994A (en
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赵奇
杨泽鑫
吕洋
黄学良
田江
高山
霍雪松
高天
王浩伟
丁宏恩
俞瑜
赵慧
孟雨庭
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Southeast University
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Suzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Suzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An intelligent optimization method and system for electric vehicle integrated charging. The method comprises the steps that firstly, for each time interval t, electric vehicle information connected to a charging pile in each time interval is collected; then, establishing a mathematical model of the energy requirement of the electric automobile and classifying the electric automobile into a rigid charging group (group 1), a flexible charging group (group 2) and a discharging group (group 3); calculating the charging/discharging priority of the electric automobile according to the remaining residence time of the electric automobile and the SOC state of the battery, and distributing the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile according to the priority; then, the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile needing to be charged in the parking lot is adjusted by combining the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot; finally, updating the charging data of the electric automobile and selecting to finish the method or optimize the charging and discharging distribution of the next time interval t according to the judgment condition; the invention also discloses an integrated charging intelligent optimization seeking system based on the method.

Description

一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法及其系统An intelligent optimization method and system for integrated charging of electric vehicles

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法及其系统，属于电动汽车充电站能量管理领域。The invention relates to an intelligent optimization method for integrated charging of an electric vehicle and a system thereof, belonging to the field of energy management of electric vehicle charging stations.

背景技术Background Art

全球变暖带来了许多环境问题，人们对于环境保护问题的关注越来越多，如何减少温室气体的排放是现在的研究重点。运输工具的温室气体排放量约占全球总排放量的23％，因此使用低排放或零排放的电动汽车代替燃油车是减少温室气体排放的关键。尽管目前电动汽车的普及率很低，但随着政府的政策鼓励，预计未来几年电动汽车的渗透率将迅速增长。高渗透率的电动汽车的不协调充电会给配电网的安全、稳定运行带来不同程度的影响，如电力损耗、电压偏差和台变越限等。因此如何在不影响配电网基础设施的前提下，提高电动汽车渗透率是目前迫切需要解决的问题。Global warming has brought many environmental problems. People are paying more and more attention to environmental protection issues. How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is the current research focus. Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation vehicles account for about 23% of the world's total emissions. Therefore, using low-emission or zero-emission electric vehicles instead of fuel vehicles is the key to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Although the current penetration rate of electric vehicles is very low, with the encouragement of government policies, the penetration rate of electric vehicles is expected to grow rapidly in the next few years. The uncoordinated charging of high-penetration electric vehicles will have varying degrees of impact on the safe and stable operation of the distribution network, such as power loss, voltage deviation, and transformer over-limit. Therefore, how to increase the penetration rate of electric vehicles without affecting the distribution network infrastructure is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

发明内容Summary of the invention

为解决现有技术中存在的不足，本发明的目的在于，提供一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法及其系统。本发明采用如下的技术方案：In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization method and system. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法包括以下步骤：An intelligent optimization method for integrated charging of electric vehicles comprises the following steps:

步骤1：针对每一个时间间隔t，采集每一个时间间隔内连接到充电桩的电动汽车信息；Step 1: For each time interval t, collect information about electric vehicles connected to the charging pile in each time interval;

步骤2：建立电动汽车能量需求的数学模型；Step 2: Establish a mathematical model of electric vehicle energy demand;

步骤3：对电动汽车进行群体分类；Step 3: Classify electric vehicles into groups;

步骤4：分别计算各个群体内每个电动汽车的充放电优先级数值，并根据优先级对电动汽车的充电电量进行分配；Step 4: Calculate the charging and discharging priority value of each electric vehicle in each group, and allocate the charging power of the electric vehicles according to the priority;

步骤5：结合停车场的实时充放电情况，对停车场中需要进行充电的电动汽车充电电量进行调整；Step 5: Based on the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot, the charging power of the electric vehicles that need to be charged in the parking lot is adjusted;

步骤6：根据步骤5的充放电分配情况，更新电动汽车的充电数据，以判定电动汽车的充电量是否满足电动汽车群体的充电需求；确定当前时间间隔t是否为结束时间，如果是，则结束本方法；否则，返回步骤1，根据更新的电动汽车信息，优化下一个时间间隔t的充放电分配。Step 6: According to the charge and discharge distribution in step 5, update the charging data of the electric vehicle to determine whether the charging capacity of the electric vehicle meets the charging needs of the electric vehicle group; determine whether the current time interval t is the end time, if so, end this method; otherwise, return to step 1, and optimize the charge and discharge distribution of the next time interval t according to the updated electric vehicle information.

在步骤1中，所采集的信息包括停车场充电桩连接的电动汽车总数

Figure BDA0003198407230000021
第i辆电动汽车到达停车场的时间ti,s，第i辆电动汽车到达停车场时的SOC状态Si,ini，第i辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间ti,e，第i辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态Si,expect，第i辆电动汽车电池的在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限
Figure BDA0003198407230000022
以及第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的放电功率上限
Figure BDA0003198407230000023
In step 1, the information collected includes the total number of electric vehicles connected to the parking lot charging piles
Figure BDA0003198407230000021
The time when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot t i,s , the SOC state of the ith electric vehicle when it arrives at the parking lot S i,ini , the time when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot t i,e , the SOC state that the ith electric vehicle expects to reach when leaving the parking lot S i,expect , the upper limit of the charging power of the battery of the ith electric vehicle within the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000022
And the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000023

在步骤2中，数学模型包括以下内容：In step 2, the mathematical model includes the following:

所连充电桩变压器的越限约束满足以下关系式：The over-limit constraint of the connected charging pile transformer satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000024
Figure BDA0003198407230000024

其中，Lload,t表示在t时间间隔内所连充电桩变压器的常规负荷，

Figure BDA0003198407230000025
表示第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的实际充电功率，
Figure BDA0003198407230000026
表示第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的实际放电功率，Tnor表示所连充电桩变压器的额定功率。Wherein, L load,t represents the normal load of the connected charging pile transformer in the time interval t,
Figure BDA0003198407230000025
represents the actual charging power of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval,
Figure BDA0003198407230000026
represents the actual discharge power of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t, and T nor represents the rated power of the connected charging pile transformer.

每辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的SOC约束满足以下关系式：The SOC constraint of each electric vehicle battery in the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000027
Figure BDA0003198407230000027

其中，Si,min表示第i辆电动汽车电池的SOC最小下限，Si,t表示第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的SOC值，Si,max表示第i辆电动汽车电池的SOC最大上限；T表示总时间。Among them, Si ,min represents the minimum lower limit of SOC of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle, Si ,t represents the SOC value of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t, Si ,max represents the maximum upper limit of SOC of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle; T represents the total time.

群体分类的方法为：The method of group classification is:

在时间间隔t中，第i辆电动汽车的剩余充电时间为In time interval t, the remaining charging time of the i-th electric vehicle is

Figure BDA0003198407230000031
Figure BDA0003198407230000031

其中，ti,e表示第i辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间；Among them, t i,e represents the time when the i-th electric car leaves the parking lot;

进而可以求出时间间隔t内第i辆电动汽车的最小SOC：Then, the minimum SOC of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t can be calculated:

Figure BDA0003198407230000032
Figure BDA0003198407230000032

其中，Ei表示第i辆电动汽车额定容量。Where Ei represents the rated capacity of the i-th electric vehicle.

此时，根据每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的最小SOC状态SOCi,min,t，在t时间间隔内的真实SOC状态SOCi,now以及期望达到的SOC状态Si,expect，对电动汽车群体进行分群：At this time, the electric vehicle group is divided into groups according to the minimum SOC state SOC i,min,t of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the actual SOC state SOC i,now in the time interval t, and the expected SOC state Si ,expect :

刚性充电群体，即群体1满足以下条件：The rigid charging group, i.e. group 1, meets the following conditions:

SOCi,now＜SOCi,min,t SOC i,now ＜SOC i,min,t

柔性充电群体，即群体2满足以下条件：The flexible charging group, i.e. group 2, meets the following conditions:

SOCi,min,t＜SOCi,now＜Si,expect SOC i,min,t ＜SOC i,now ＜S i,expect

放电群体，即群体3满足以下条件：The discharge group, i.e. group 3, meets the following conditions:

Si,except＜SOCi,now＜Si,max S i,except ＜SOC i,now ＜S i,max

在步骤4中，对于充电群体，即群体1与群体2，第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的充电优先级数值满足下列关系式：In step 4, for the charging groups, i.e., group 1 and group 2, the charging priority value of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000033
Figure BDA0003198407230000033

对于放电群体，即群体3，第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的放电优先级数值满足下列关系式：For the discharge group, i.e. group 3, the discharge priority value of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000034
Figure BDA0003198407230000041
Figure BDA0003198407230000034
Figure BDA0003198407230000041

对于群体1中第igroup1辆汽车在t时间间隔内所分配到的充电电量满足以下关系式：The charging power allocated to the i-th group1 car in group 1 within the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000042
Figure BDA0003198407230000042

其中，Ngroup1表示刚性充电群体中电动汽车的个数，

Figure BDA0003198407230000043
表示电动汽车刚性充电群体中第igroup1辆电动汽车的充电优先级数值，
Figure BDA0003198407230000044
表示电动汽车刚性充电群体中第igroup1辆汽车所分配到的充电电量；Tres,t表示扣除所连充电桩变压器常规负荷Lload,t后的变压器裕量，
Figure BDA0003198407230000045
表示电动汽车刚性充电群体中所有电动汽车充电优先级数值总和；Where N group1 represents the number of electric vehicles in the rigid charging group.
Figure BDA0003198407230000043
It represents the charging priority value of the first electric vehicle in the i -th group of electric vehicles with rigid charging.
Figure BDA0003198407230000044
represents the charging power allocated to the i-th group1 car in the rigid charging group of electric vehicles; Tres,t represents the transformer margin after deducting the conventional load L load,t of the connected charging pile transformer,
Figure BDA0003198407230000045
It represents the sum of the charging priority values of all electric vehicles in the electric vehicle rigid charging group;

对于群体2中每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内所分配到的充电电量

Figure BDA0003198407230000046
求取方法相同，计算方法为：计算电动汽车群体2中每辆电动汽车的充电优先级数值与群体2中所有电动汽车充电优先级数值总和的比乘以扣除常规负荷后的变压器裕量。For each electric vehicle in group 2, the charging power allocated in time interval t is
Figure BDA0003198407230000046
The obtaining method is the same, and the calculation method is: calculate the ratio of the charging priority value of each electric vehicle in electric vehicle group 2 to the total charging priority values of all electric vehicles in group 2, multiplied by the transformer margin after deducting the conventional load.

步骤5包括以下内容：Step 5 includes the following:

步骤501：对于每一个时间间隔t，首先以最大充电功率上限

Figure BDA0003198407230000047
进行充电，求出在t时间间隔内停车场充电需求
Figure BDA0003198407230000048
Step 501: For each time interval t, firstly use the maximum charging power upper limit
Figure BDA0003198407230000047
Charge and calculate the parking lot charging demand in the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000048

步骤502：根据Tres,t和

Figure BDA0003198407230000049
的关系计算电动汽车的充电需求或放电能力；Step 502: According to Tres ,t and
Figure BDA0003198407230000049
The relationship between and is used to calculate the charging demand or discharge capacity of electric vehicles;

步骤503：根据步骤502计算出的充电需求与放电能力对充放电电量分配进行调整。Step 503: adjusting the charging and discharging power distribution according to the charging demand and discharging capacity calculated in step 502.

在步骤501中，t时间间隔内停车场充电需求

Figure BDA0003198407230000051
即为在t时间间隔内停车场充电桩连接的所有电动汽车最大充电功率上限的总和，即
Figure BDA0003198407230000052
辆电动汽车最大充电功率上限的总和。In step 501, the parking lot charging demand within time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000051
It is the sum of the maximum charging power limits of all electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot within the time interval t, that is,
Figure BDA0003198407230000052
The sum of the maximum charging power limits of electric vehicles.

在步骤502中，如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000053
此时变压器裕量能够满足停车场充电需求，充电方法不需要进行改变；In step 502, if
Figure BDA0003198407230000053
At this time, the transformer margin can meet the parking lot charging needs, and the charging method does not need to be changed;

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000054
则利用步骤3的方法对电动汽车群体重新进行分类，再采用步骤4的方法对各个群体内每个电动汽车的充放电优先级数值进行计算，再利用以下关系对群体的充电需求或放电能力进行计算：if
Figure BDA0003198407230000054
Then, the method in step 3 is used to reclassify the electric vehicle groups, and the method in step 4 is used to calculate the charging and discharging priority values of each electric vehicle in each group, and then the charging demand or discharging capacity of the group is calculated using the following relationship:

在t时间间隔内刚性充电群体，即群体1的充电需求

Figure BDA0003198407230000055
满足以下关系式：The rigid charging group in the time interval t, that is, the charging demand of group 1
Figure BDA0003198407230000055
The following relationship is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003198407230000056
Figure BDA0003198407230000056

其中，SOCi1,min,t表示在t时间间隔内第i1辆电动汽车电池的SOC最小下限，SOCi1,now表示在t时间间隔内群体1中第i1辆电动汽车的真实SOC状态，Ei1表示群体1中第i1辆电动汽车额定容量；Among them, SOC i1,min,t represents the minimum lower limit of SOC of the battery of the i1th electric vehicle in the time interval t, SOC i1,now represents the actual SOC state of the i1th electric vehicle in group 1 in the time interval t, and E i1 represents the rated capacity of the i1th electric vehicle in group 1;

在t时间间隔内柔性充电群体，即群体2的充电需求

Figure BDA0003198407230000057
满足以下关系式：The charging demand of the flexible charging group, i.e. group 2, within the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000057
The following relationship is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003198407230000058
Figure BDA0003198407230000058

其中，Ngroup2表示柔性充电群体中电动汽车的个数，Si2,expect表示群体2中第i2辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态，SOCi2,now表示在t时间间隔内群体2中第i2辆电动汽车的真实SOC状态，Ei2表示群体2中第i2辆电动汽车额定容量，

Figure BDA0003198407230000061
表示群体2中第i2辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限；Wherein, N group2 represents the number of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group, S i2,expect represents the SOC state that the i2-th electric vehicle in group 2 expects to reach when leaving the parking lot, SOC i2,now represents the actual SOC state of the i2-th electric vehicle in group 2 within the time interval t, E i2 represents the rated capacity of the i2-th electric vehicle in group 2,
Figure BDA0003198407230000061
represents the upper limit of the charging power of the battery of the i2th electric vehicle in group 2 within the time interval t;

在t时间间隔内放电群体，即群体3的放电能力

Figure BDA0003198407230000062
满足以下关系式：The discharge capacity of group 3 in the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000062
The following relationship is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003198407230000063
Figure BDA0003198407230000063

其中，Ngroup3表示放电群体中电动汽车的个数，Si3,expect表示群体3中第i3辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态，SOCi2,now表示在t时间间隔内群体3中第i3辆电动汽车的真实SOC状态，Ei2表示群体3中第i3辆电动汽车额定容量，

Figure BDA0003198407230000064
表示群体3中第i3辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的放电功率上限。Wherein, N group3 represents the number of electric vehicles in the discharge group, S i3,expect represents the SOC state that the i3th electric vehicle in group 3 is expected to reach when leaving the parking space, SOC i2,now represents the actual SOC state of the i3th electric vehicle in group 3 within the time interval t, E i2 represents the rated capacity of the i3th electric vehicle in group 3,
Figure BDA0003198407230000064
It represents the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery of the i3th electric vehicle in group 3 within the time interval t.

在步骤503中，如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000065
说明此时的变压器裕量能够满足群体1的充电需求，群体1的充电需求不变，群体2的充电需求不能够完全能满足，因此根据充电优先级对剩余的能量进行分配：In step 503, if
Figure BDA0003198407230000065
This means that the transformer margin at this time can meet the charging demand of group 1. The charging demand of group 1 remains unchanged, and the charging demand of group 2 cannot be fully met. Therefore, the remaining energy is allocated according to the charging priority:

Figure BDA0003198407230000066
Figure BDA0003198407230000066

其中，

Figure BDA0003198407230000071
表示电动汽车柔性充电群体中第igroup2辆电动汽车的充电优先级数值，
Figure BDA0003198407230000072
表示电动汽车柔性充电群体中第igroup2辆汽车所分配到的充电电量；
Figure BDA0003198407230000073
表示电动汽车柔性充电群体中所有电动汽车充电优先级数值总和；in,
Figure BDA0003198407230000071
It represents the charging priority value of the second electric vehicle in the i-th group of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group of electric vehicles.
Figure BDA0003198407230000072
It represents the charging power allocated to the second car in the i- th group of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group of electric vehicles;
Figure BDA0003198407230000073
It represents the sum of the charging priority values of all electric vehicles in the electric vehicle flexible charging group;

不对群体3分配充电量；No charging amount is allocated to group 3;

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000074
说明此时的变压的剩余能量不能够满足群体1的充电需求，此时需要根据群体3的放电能力
Figure BDA0003198407230000075
对充电电量进行分配。if
Figure BDA0003198407230000074
This means that the remaining energy of the transformer cannot meet the charging needs of group 1. At this time, the discharge capacity of group 3 is required.
Figure BDA0003198407230000075
Distribute the charging power.

根据群体3的放电能力

Figure BDA0003198407230000076
对充电电量进行分配的方法包括以下内容：According to the discharge capacity of group 3
Figure BDA0003198407230000076
Methods for allocating charging power include the following:

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000077
此时群体3的放电能力不能够满足群体1剩余的充电需求，此时的群体1的能量分配为：if
Figure BDA0003198407230000077
At this time, the discharge capacity of group 3 cannot meet the remaining charging demand of group 1. The energy distribution of group 1 is:

Figure BDA0003198407230000078
Figure BDA0003198407230000078

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000079
此时群体3的放电能力能够满足群体1剩余的充电需求，此时的群体1的能量分配满足以下关系式：if
Figure BDA0003198407230000079
At this time, the discharge capacity of group 3 can meet the remaining charging demand of group 1. At this time, the energy distribution of group 1 satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA00031984072300000710
Figure BDA00031984072300000710

此时，群体3还为群体2提供充电能量，群体2的能量分配满足以下关系式：At this time, group 3 also provides charging energy for group 2, and the energy distribution of group 2 satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000081
Figure BDA0003198407230000081

本发明还公开了基于本发明所提出的电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法的电动汽车集成充电智能趋优系统，包括数据采集模块、电动汽车群体分类模块、充放电优先级计算模块、充电电量分配模块、变压器裕量比对模块、充电需求计算模块以及放电能力计算模块：The present invention also discloses an electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization system based on the electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization method proposed by the present invention, comprising a data acquisition module, an electric vehicle group classification module, a charging and discharging priority calculation module, a charging power distribution module, a transformer margin comparison module, a charging demand calculation module and a discharge capacity calculation module:

数据采集模块采集时间间隔t内连接到停车场充电桩的电动汽车信息，该信息包括停车场充电桩连接的电动汽车总数、每辆电动汽车到达停车场的时间、每辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间、每辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态、每辆电动汽车电池的在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限以及第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的放电功率上限，并将采集到的数据输入至其他所有模块；The data acquisition module collects information about electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot within a time interval t, including the total number of electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot, the time when each electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot, the time when each electric vehicle leaves the parking lot, the SOC state that each electric vehicle is expected to reach when leaving the parking lot, the upper limit of the charging power of each electric vehicle battery within the time interval t, and the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle within the time interval t, and inputs the collected data into all other modules;

电动汽车群体分类模块根据每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的真实SOC状态、每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的最小SOC状态、每辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态以及每辆电动汽车电池的SOC最大上限将电动汽车分为群体1、群体2与群体3，分别代表刚性充电群体、柔性充电群体以及放电群体；The electric vehicle group classification module divides electric vehicles into group 1, group 2 and group 3 according to the actual SOC state of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the minimum SOC state of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the SOC state expected to be achieved by each electric vehicle when leaving the parking space, and the maximum upper limit of the SOC of each electric vehicle battery, representing the rigid charging group, the flexible charging group and the discharging group respectively;

充放电优先级计算模块计算群体1与群体2的充电优先级数值，以及群体3的放电优先级数值，并将计算结果输入至充电电量分配模块；The charging and discharging priority calculation module calculates the charging priority values of group 1 and group 2, and the discharging priority value of group 3, and inputs the calculation results into the charging power allocation module;

充电需求计算模块计算群体1与群体2电动汽车的充电需求，并将结果输入至变压器裕量模块；The charging demand calculation module calculates the charging demand of the electric vehicles in group 1 and group 2, and inputs the result into the transformer margin module;

放电能力计算模块计算群体3电动汽车的放电能力，并将结果输入至变压器裕量比对模块；The discharge capacity calculation module calculates the discharge capacity of the electric vehicles in group 3 and inputs the result into the transformer margin comparison module;

变压器裕量模块比对变压器裕量以及群体1的充电需求以及群体3的放电能力，并将比对结果输入至充电电量分配模块；The transformer margin module compares the transformer margin with the charging demand of group 1 and the discharge capacity of group 3, and inputs the comparison result to the charging power distribution module;

充电电量分配模块根据变压器裕量模块的比对结果对群体1与群体2的充电电量进行计算、调整与分配。The charging power distribution module calculates, adjusts and distributes the charging power of group 1 and group 2 according to the comparison result of the transformer margin module.

本发明的有益效果在于，与现有技术相比，本发明：The beneficial effects of the present invention are that, compared with the prior art, the present invention:

1、充分考虑了同一时间下每辆电动汽车充电需求和当前电池状态之间的耦合关系，并结合同一时间下所有电动汽车的需求以及充放电的实时情况进行充放电分配的协调。1. The coupling relationship between the charging demand and the current battery status of each electric vehicle at the same time is fully considered, and the charging and discharging distribution is coordinated based on the demand of all electric vehicles at the same time and the real-time situation of charging and discharging.

2、本发明对电动汽车群体进行智能分群，并进行充放电优先级排序，根据充电需求和变压器裕量之间的关系，优化电动汽车群体的充电行为，以满足更多的电动汽车同时充电，实现电动汽车渗透率的最大化。2. The present invention intelligently groups electric vehicles and prioritizes charging and discharging. According to the relationship between charging demand and transformer margin, the charging behavior of the electric vehicle group is optimized to meet the simultaneous charging of more electric vehicles and maximize the penetration rate of electric vehicles.

3、本发明所提出的算法能够快速将电动汽车进行分群，并准确分析出电动汽车群体充电需求与变压器裕量的关系以实现充电效率的最大化。3. The algorithm proposed in the present invention can quickly group electric vehicles and accurately analyze the relationship between the charging demand of the electric vehicle group and the transformer margin to maximize the charging efficiency.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1是一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法及其系统具体实施流程图。FIG1 is a flowchart of an intelligent optimization method for integrated charging of electric vehicles and a specific implementation flow of the system.

图2是配电网常规负荷曲线图；Figure 2 is a conventional load curve diagram of the distribution network;

图3是200辆电动汽车非协调充电的负荷曲线图；FIG3 is a load curve diagram of non-coordinated charging of 200 electric vehicles;

图4是运用本文提出的智能策略后不同渗透率下的电动汽车充电负荷曲线图。Figure 4 is a graph showing the charging load of electric vehicles at different penetration rates after applying the smart strategy proposed in this paper.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面结合附图对本申请作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优方法及其系统，其方法的流程示意图如图1所示，具体包括以下步骤：An electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization method and system thereof, the flow diagram of the method is shown in FIG1 , and specifically comprises the following steps:

步骤1：针对每一个时间间隔t，通过停车场的控制装置，采集每一个时间间隔内连接到充电桩的电动汽车信息，该信息包括停车场充电桩连接的电动汽车总数

Figure BDA0003198407230000091
第i辆电动汽车到达停车场的时间ti,s，第i辆电动汽车到达停车场时的SOC状态Si,ini，第i辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间ti,e，第i辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态Si,expect，第i辆电动汽车电池的在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限
Figure BDA0003198407230000092
以及第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的放电功率上限
Figure BDA0003198407230000101
Step 1: For each time interval t, the control device of the parking lot collects the information of electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in each time interval, which includes the total number of electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot.
Figure BDA0003198407230000091
The time when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot t i,s , the SOC state of the ith electric vehicle when it arrives at the parking lot S i,ini , the time when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot t i,e , the SOC state that the ith electric vehicle expects to reach when leaving the parking lot S i,expect , the upper limit of the charging power of the battery of the ith electric vehicle within the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000092
And the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000101

步骤2：建立电动汽车能量需求的数学模型。Step 2: Build a mathematical model of the energy demand of electric vehicles.

进一步的，上述的步骤2如下：Furthermore, the above step 2 is as follows:

计算第i辆电动汽车在停车场中的停留时间:Calculate the residence time of the i-th electric car in the parking lot:

ti,stop＝ti,s-ti,e ti ,stop = ti ,s - ti,e

其中，ti,s是第i辆电动汽车到达停车场的时间，ti,e是第i辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间。Among them, ti ,s is the time when the i-th electric car arrives at the parking lot, and ti ,e is the time when the i-th electric car leaves the parking lot.

假设第i辆电动汽车在停留时间内一直以最大充电功率进行充电，则结束充电时电池理论荷电状态(SOC)满足以下条件：Assuming that the i-th electric vehicle is charged at the maximum charging power during the stay time, the battery theoretical state of charge (SOC) meets the following conditions when charging ends:

Figure BDA0003198407230000102
Figure BDA0003198407230000102

其中，S’i,fin是第i辆电动汽车结束充电时的理论SOC，Si,ini是第i辆电动汽车到达停车场时的SOC状态，Si,max是第i辆电动汽车电池的SOC最大上限，

Figure BDA0003198407230000103
是第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限，
Figure BDA0003198407230000104
是该电池的充电效率。Among them, S'i ,fin is the theoretical SOC of the ith electric vehicle when charging is finished, S i,ini is the SOC state of the ith electric vehicle when it arrives at the parking lot, and S i,max is the maximum upper limit of the SOC of the battery of the ith electric vehicle.
Figure BDA0003198407230000103
is the upper limit of the charging power of the battery of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t,
Figure BDA0003198407230000104
is the charging efficiency of the battery.

根据用户的SOC需求，得到第i辆电动汽车离开停车场时实际的SOCAccording to the user's SOC requirements, the actual SOC of the i-th electric vehicle when it leaves the parking lot is obtained.

Figure BDA0003198407230000105
Figure BDA0003198407230000105

其中，Si,expect是第i辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态。Among them, Si ,expect is the SOC state that the i-th electric vehicle is expected to achieve when leaving the parking space.

每辆电动汽车在充电过程中，需要满足如下的约束条件：Each electric vehicle needs to meet the following constraints during the charging process:

每辆电动汽车充电功率约束：Charging power constraints for each electric vehicle:

Figure BDA0003198407230000106
Figure BDA0003198407230000106

其中，

Figure BDA0003198407230000107
表示第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的实际充电功率任意的一个时间间隔，T表示总时间；in,
Figure BDA0003198407230000107
represents the actual charging power of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval for an arbitrary time interval, and T represents the total time;

每辆电动汽车放电功率约束满足以下关系式：The discharge power constraint of each electric vehicle satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000111
Figure BDA0003198407230000111

其中，

Figure BDA0003198407230000112
表示第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的实际放电功率；in,
Figure BDA0003198407230000112
represents the actual discharge power of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t;

每辆电动汽车不能同时充放电约束满足以下关系式：Each electric vehicle cannot be charged and discharged at the same time. The constraint satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000113
Figure BDA0003198407230000113

所连充电桩变压器的越限约束满足以下关系式：The over-limit constraint of the connected charging pile transformer satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000114
Figure BDA0003198407230000114

其中，Lload,t表示在t时间间隔内所连充电桩变压器的常规负荷，

Figure BDA0003198407230000115
表示停车场充电桩连接的电动汽车总数，
Figure BDA0003198407230000116
表示第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的实际充电功率，
Figure BDA0003198407230000117
表示第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的实际放电功率，Tnor表示所连充电桩变压器的额定功率。Wherein, L load,t represents the normal load of the connected charging pile transformer in the time interval t,
Figure BDA0003198407230000115
Indicates the total number of electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot,
Figure BDA0003198407230000116
represents the actual charging power of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval,
Figure BDA0003198407230000117
represents the actual discharge power of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t, and T nor represents the rated power of the connected charging pile transformer.

每辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的SOC约束满足以下关系式：The SOC constraint of each electric vehicle battery in the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000118
Figure BDA0003198407230000118

其中，Si,min表示第i辆电动汽车电池的SOC最小下限，Si,t表示第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的SOC值；Among them, Si ,min represents the minimum lower limit of the SOC of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle, and Si ,t represents the SOC value of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t;

步骤3：根据每辆电动汽车的剩余充电时间，计算每一时间间隔内t每辆电动汽车的最小SOC状态SOCi,min,t，再根据每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的SOC状态和充电需求，将连接充电桩的电动汽车群体分成刚性充电群体、柔性充电群体和放电群体，即群体1、群体2以及群体3。Step 3: According to the remaining charging time of each electric vehicle, calculate the minimum SOC state SOC i,min,t of each electric vehicle in each time interval t, and then divide the electric vehicle group connected to the charging pile into a rigid charging group, a flexible charging group and a discharging group, i.e., group 1, group 2 and group 3, according to the SOC state and charging demand of each electric vehicle in the time interval t.

进一步的，上述的步骤3如下：Further, the above step 3 is as follows:

在时间间隔t中，第i辆电动汽车的剩余充电时间为In time interval t, the remaining charging time of the i-th electric vehicle is

Figure BDA0003198407230000121
Figure BDA0003198407230000121

其中，ti,e表示第i辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间。Where ti ,e represents the time when the i-th electric car leaves the parking lot.

进而可以求出时间间隔t内第i辆电动汽车的最小SOCThen we can find the minimum SOC of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t:

Figure BDA0003198407230000122
Figure BDA0003198407230000122

其中，Ei表示第i辆电动汽车的额定容量。Where Ei represents the rated capacity of the i-th electric vehicle.

此时，根据每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的最小SOC状态SOCi,min,t，在t时间间隔内的真实SOC状态SOCi,now以及期望达到的SOC状态Si,expect，对电动汽车群体进行分群：At this time, the electric vehicle group is divided into groups according to the minimum SOC state SOC i,min,t of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the actual SOC state SOC i,now in the time interval t, and the expected SOC state Si ,expect :

刚性充电群体，群体1满足的条件Rigid charging group, group 1 meets the following conditions

SOCi,now＜SOCi,min,t SOC i,now ＜SOC i,min,t

柔性充电群体，群体2满足的条件Flexible charging group, conditions met by group 2

SOCi,min,t＜SOCi,now＜Si,expect SOC i,min,t ＜SOC i,now ＜S i,expect

放电群体，群体3满足的条件Discharge group, group 3 meets the conditions

Si,except＜SOCi,now＜Si,max S i,except ＜SOC i,now ＜S i,max

步骤4：分别计算各个群体内每个电动汽车的充放电优先级数值，并根据优先级对电动汽车的充电电量进行分配。Step 4: Calculate the charging and discharging priority value of each electric vehicle in each group, and allocate the charging power of the electric vehicles according to the priority.

进一步的，上述的步骤4如下：Further, the above step 4 is as follows:

对于充电群体，即群体1与群体2，第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的充电优先级数值满足下列关系式：For the charging groups, i.e., group 1 and group 2, the charging priority value of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000123
Figure BDA0003198407230000123

对于放电群体，即群体3，第i辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的放电优先级数值满足下列关系式：For the discharge group, i.e. group 3, the discharge priority value of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000131
Figure BDA0003198407230000131

在进行充电或者放电时，需要根据充电优先级数值和放电优先级数值分别分配充电电量。以刚性充电群体充电行为为例，对于刚性充电群体中第igroup1辆汽车在t时间间隔内所分配到的充电电量满足以下关系式：When charging or discharging, the charging power needs to be allocated according to the charging priority value and the discharging priority value. Taking the charging behavior of the rigid charging group as an example, the charging power allocated to the i-th group1 car in the rigid charging group within the t time interval satisfies the following relationship:

Figure BDA0003198407230000132
Figure BDA0003198407230000132

其中，Ngroup1表示刚性充电群体中电动汽车的个数，

Figure BDA0003198407230000138
表示电动汽车刚性充电群体中第igroup1辆电动汽车的充电优先级数值，
Figure BDA0003198407230000134
表示电动汽车刚性充电群体中第igroup1辆汽车所分配到的充电电量；Tres,t表示扣除所连充电桩变压器常规负荷Lload,t后的变压器裕量，
Figure BDA0003198407230000135
表示电动汽车刚性充电群体中所有电动汽车充电优先级数值总和。Where N group1 represents the number of electric vehicles in the rigid charging group.
Figure BDA0003198407230000138
It represents the charging priority value of the first electric vehicle in the i -th group of electric vehicles with rigid charging.
Figure BDA0003198407230000134
represents the charging power allocated to the i-th group1 car in the rigid charging group of electric vehicles; Tres,t represents the transformer margin after deducting the conventional load L load,t of the connected charging pile transformer,
Figure BDA0003198407230000135
Represents the sum of the charging priority values of all electric vehicles in the electric vehicle rigid charging group.

对于群体2中每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内所分配到的充电电量

Figure BDA0003198407230000136
求取方法相同，计算方法为：计算电动汽车群体2中每辆电动汽车的充电优先级数值与群体2中所有电动汽车充电优先级数值总和的比乘以扣除常规负荷后的变压器裕量；对于群体3中每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内所的放电电量
Figure BDA0003198407230000137
求取方法相同，计算方法为：计算电动汽车群体3中每辆电动汽车的放电优先级数值与群体3中所有电动汽车放电优先级数值总和的比乘以扣除常规负荷后的变压器裕量。For each electric vehicle in group 2, the charging power allocated in time interval t is
Figure BDA0003198407230000136
The calculation method is the same as that of calculating: the ratio of the charging priority value of each electric vehicle in electric vehicle group 2 to the total charging priority value of all electric vehicles in group 2 multiplied by the transformer margin after deducting the conventional load; for the discharge power of each electric vehicle in group 3 within the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000137
The obtaining method is the same, and the calculation method is: calculate the ratio of the discharge priority value of each electric vehicle in the electric vehicle group 3 to the total discharge priority values of all electric vehicles in the group 3 and multiply it by the transformer margin after deducting the conventional load.

步骤5：结合停车场的实时充放电情况，对停车场中需要进行充电的电动汽车充电电量进行调整；Step 5: Based on the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot, the charging power of the electric vehicles that need to be charged in the parking lot is adjusted;

进一步的，上述的步骤5包括以下内容：Furthermore, the above step 5 includes the following contents:

步骤501：对于每一个时间间隔t，首先以最大充电功率上限

Figure BDA0003198407230000141
进行充电，求出在t时间间隔内停车场充电需求
Figure BDA0003198407230000142
Step 501: For each time interval t, firstly use the maximum charging power upper limit
Figure BDA0003198407230000141
Charge and calculate the parking lot charging demand in the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000142

t时间间隔内停车场充电需求

Figure BDA0003198407230000143
即为在t时间间隔内停车场充电桩连接的所有电动汽车最大充电功率上限的总和，即
Figure BDA0003198407230000144
辆电动汽车最大充电功率上限的总和；Parking lot charging demand within time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000143
It is the sum of the maximum charging power limits of all electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot within the time interval t, that is,
Figure BDA0003198407230000144
The sum of the maximum charging power limits of electric vehicles;

步骤502：根据Tres,t和

Figure BDA0003198407230000145
的关系计算电动汽车的充电需求或放电能力；Step 502: According to Tres ,t and
Figure BDA0003198407230000145
The relationship between and is used to calculate the charging demand or discharge capacity of electric vehicles;

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000146
此时变压器裕量能够满足停车场充电需求，所以充电方法不需要进行改变。if
Figure BDA0003198407230000146
At this time, the transformer margin can meet the parking lot charging needs, so the charging method does not need to be changed.

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000147
则利用步骤3的方法对电动汽车群体重新进行分类，再采用步骤4的方法对各个群体内每个电动汽车的充放电优先级数值进行计算，再利用以下关系对群体的充电需求或放电能力进行计算；if
Figure BDA0003198407230000147
Then, the electric vehicle groups are reclassified using the method in step 3, and the charging and discharging priority values of each electric vehicle in each group are calculated using the method in step 4, and the charging demand or discharging capacity of the group is calculated using the following relationship;

在t时间间隔内刚性充电群体，即群体1的充电需求

Figure BDA0003198407230000148
满足以下关系式：The rigid charging group in the time interval t, that is, the charging demand of group 1
Figure BDA0003198407230000148
The following relationship is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003198407230000149
Figure BDA0003198407230000149

其中，SOCi1,min,t表示在t时间间隔内第i1辆电动汽车电池的SOC最小下限，SOCi1,now表示在t时间间隔内群体1中第i1辆电动汽车的真实SOC状态，Ei1表示群体1中第i1辆电动汽车额定容量；Among them, SOC i1,min,t represents the minimum lower limit of SOC of the battery of the i1th electric vehicle in the time interval t, SOC i1,now represents the actual SOC state of the i1th electric vehicle in group 1 in the time interval t, and E i1 represents the rated capacity of the i1th electric vehicle in group 1;

在t时间间隔内柔性充电群体，即群体2的充电需求

Figure BDA0003198407230000151
满足以下关系式：The charging demand of the flexible charging group, i.e. group 2, within the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000151
The following relationship is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003198407230000152
Figure BDA0003198407230000152

其中，Ngroup2表示柔性充电群体中电动汽车的个数，Si2,expect表示群体2中第i2辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态，SOCi2,now表示在t时间间隔内群体2中第i2辆电动汽车的真实SOC状态，Ei2表示群体2中第i2辆电动汽车额定容量，

Figure BDA0003198407230000153
表示群体2中第i2辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限；Wherein, N group2 represents the number of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group, S i2,expect represents the SOC state that the i2-th electric vehicle in group 2 expects to reach when leaving the parking lot, SOC i2,now represents the actual SOC state of the i2-th electric vehicle in group 2 within the time interval t, E i2 represents the rated capacity of the i2-th electric vehicle in group 2,
Figure BDA0003198407230000153
represents the upper limit of the charging power of the battery of the i2th electric vehicle in group 2 within the time interval t;

在t时间间隔内放电群体，即群体3的放电能力

Figure BDA0003198407230000154
满足以下关系式：The discharge capacity of group 3 in the time interval t
Figure BDA0003198407230000154
The following relationship is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003198407230000155
Figure BDA0003198407230000155

其中，Ngroup3表示放电群体中电动汽车的个数，Si3,expect表示群体3中第i3辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态，SOCi2,now表示在t时间间隔内群体3中第i3辆电动汽车的真实SOC状态，Ei2表示群体3中第i3辆电动汽车额定容量，

Figure BDA0003198407230000156
表示群体3中第i3辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的放电功率上限；Wherein, N group3 represents the number of electric vehicles in the discharge group, S i3,expect represents the SOC state that the i3th electric vehicle in group 3 is expected to reach when leaving the parking space, SOC i2,now represents the actual SOC state of the i3th electric vehicle in group 3 within the time interval t, E i2 represents the rated capacity of the i3th electric vehicle in group 3,
Figure BDA0003198407230000156
represents the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery of the i3th electric vehicle in group 3 within the time interval t;

步骤503：根据群体1、群体2的充电需求以及群体3的放电能力，对充放电电量分配进行调整；调整方式如下：Step 503: According to the charging requirements of group 1 and group 2 and the discharging capacity of group 3, the charging and discharging power distribution is adjusted; the adjustment method is as follows:

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000161
说明此时的变压器裕量能够满足群体1的充电需求，群体1的充电需求不变，群体2的充电需求不能够完全能满足，因此根据充电优先级对剩余的能量进行分配：if
Figure BDA0003198407230000161
This means that the transformer margin at this time can meet the charging demand of group 1. The charging demand of group 1 remains unchanged, and the charging demand of group 2 cannot be fully met. Therefore, the remaining energy is allocated according to the charging priority:

Figure BDA0003198407230000162
Figure BDA0003198407230000162

其中，

Figure BDA0003198407230000163
表示电动汽车柔性充电群体中第igroup2辆电动汽车的充电优先级数值，
Figure BDA0003198407230000164
表示电动汽车柔性充电群体中第igroup2辆汽车所分配到的充电电量；
Figure BDA0003198407230000165
表示电动汽车柔性充电群体中所有电动汽车充电优先级数值总和。in,
Figure BDA0003198407230000163
It represents the charging priority value of the second electric vehicle in the i-th group of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group of electric vehicles.
Figure BDA0003198407230000164
It represents the charging power allocated to the second car in the i- th group of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group of electric vehicles;
Figure BDA0003198407230000165
Represents the sum of the charging priority values of all electric vehicles in the electric vehicle flexible charging group.

不对群体3分配充电量。No charge amount is allocated to group 3.

如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000166
说明此时的变压的剩余能量不能够满足群体1的充电需求，此时需要根据群体3的放电能力
Figure BDA0003198407230000167
进行分配：if
Figure BDA0003198407230000166
This means that the remaining energy of the transformer cannot meet the charging needs of group 1. At this time, the discharge capacity of group 3 is required.
Figure BDA0003198407230000167
To make an allocation:

case1：如果

Figure BDA0003198407230000168
此时群体3的放电能力不能够满足群体1剩余的充电需求，此时的群体1的能量分配为：case 1: if
Figure BDA0003198407230000168
At this time, the discharge capacity of group 3 cannot meet the remaining charging demand of group 1. The energy distribution of group 1 is:

Figure BDA0003198407230000169
Figure BDA0003198407230000169

case2：如果

Figure BDA00031984072300001610
此时群体3的放电能力能够满足群体1剩余的充电需求，此时的群体1的能量分配为：Case 2: If
Figure BDA00031984072300001610
At this time, the discharge capacity of group 3 can meet the remaining charging demand of group 1. The energy distribution of group 1 is:

Figure BDA0003198407230000171
Figure BDA0003198407230000171

此时，群体3还有为群体2提供充电的能量At this time, group 3 still has the energy to charge group 2.

Figure BDA0003198407230000172
Figure BDA0003198407230000172

步骤6：根据步骤5的充放电分配情况，更新电动汽车的充电数据，以判定电动汽车的充电量是否满足电动汽车群体的充电需求；确定当前时间间隔t是否为结束时间，如果是，则结束本方法；否则，返回步骤1，根据更新的电动汽车信息，优化下一个时间间隔t的充放电分配。Step 6: According to the charge and discharge distribution in step 5, update the charging data of the electric vehicle to determine whether the charging capacity of the electric vehicle meets the charging needs of the electric vehicle group; determine whether the current time interval t is the end time, if so, end this method; otherwise, return to step 1, and optimize the charge and discharge distribution of the next time interval t according to the updated electric vehicle information.

本发明还公开了一种电动汽车集成充电智能趋优系统，该系统包括数据采集模块、电动汽车群体分类模块、充放电优先级计算模块、充电电量分配模块、变压器裕量比对模块、充电需求计算模块以及放电能力计算模块。The present invention also discloses an electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization system, which includes a data acquisition module, an electric vehicle group classification module, a charging and discharging priority calculation module, a charging power distribution module, a transformer margin comparison module, a charging demand calculation module and a discharge capacity calculation module.

数据采集模块采集时间间隔t内连接到停车场充电桩的电动汽车信息，该信息包括停车场充电桩连接的电动汽车总数、每辆电动汽车到达停车场的时间、每辆电动汽车离开停车场的时间、每辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态、每辆电动汽车电池的在t时间间隔内的充电功率上限以及第i辆电动汽车电池在t时间间隔内的放电功率上限，并将采集到的数据输入至其他所有模块；The data acquisition module collects information about electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot within a time interval t, including the total number of electric vehicles connected to the charging piles in the parking lot, the time when each electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot, the time when each electric vehicle leaves the parking lot, the SOC state that each electric vehicle is expected to reach when leaving the parking lot, the upper limit of the charging power of each electric vehicle battery within the time interval t, and the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery of the i-th electric vehicle within the time interval t, and inputs the collected data into all other modules;

电动汽车群体分类模块根据每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的真实SOC状态、每辆电动汽车在t时间间隔内的最小SOC状态、每辆电动汽车在离开停车长时期望达到的SOC状态以及每辆电动汽车电池的SOC最大上限将电动汽车分为群体1、群体2与群体3，分别代表刚性充电群体、柔性充电群体以及放电群体；The electric vehicle group classification module divides electric vehicles into group 1, group 2 and group 3 according to the actual SOC state of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the minimum SOC state of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the SOC state expected to be achieved by each electric vehicle when leaving the parking space, and the maximum upper limit of the SOC of each electric vehicle battery, representing the rigid charging group, the flexible charging group and the discharging group respectively;

充放电优先级计算模块计算群体1与群体2的充电优先级数值，以及群体3的放电优先级数值，并将计算结果输入至充电电量分配模块；The charging and discharging priority calculation module calculates the charging priority values of group 1 and group 2, and the discharging priority value of group 3, and inputs the calculation results into the charging power allocation module;

充电需求计算模块计算群体1与群体2电动汽车的充电需求，并将结果输入至变压器裕量模块；The charging demand calculation module calculates the charging demand of the electric vehicles in group 1 and group 2, and inputs the result into the transformer margin module;

放电能力计算模块计算群体3电动汽车的放电能力，并将结果输入至变压器裕量比对模块；The discharge capacity calculation module calculates the discharge capacity of the electric vehicles in group 3 and inputs the result into the transformer margin comparison module;

变压器裕量模块比对变压器裕量以及群体1的充电需求以及群体3的放电能力，并将比对结果输入至充电电量分配模块；The transformer margin module compares the transformer margin with the charging demand of group 1 and the discharge capacity of group 3, and inputs the comparison result to the charging power distribution module;

充电电量分配模块根据变压器裕量模块的比对结果对群体1与群体2的充电电量进行计算、调整与分配。The charging power distribution module calculates, adjusts and distributes the charging power of group 1 and group 2 according to the comparison result of the transformer margin module.

本文的研究重点是工作场所的停车场，在白天停车。假设停车场有500个车位，每个车位都配备有具有G2V和V2G功能的电动汽车充电设施。假设停车场内的所有电动汽车都接受充电协调器的控制，由其对电动汽车进行智能充电。The focus of this paper is on workplace parking lots, where parking is done during the day. Assume that the parking lot has 500 parking spaces, each of which is equipped with electric vehicle charging facilities with G2V and V2G functions. Assume that all electric vehicles in the parking lot are controlled by a charging coordinator, which charges the electric vehicles intelligently.

图2为停车场内变压器典型的24小时常规负荷分布图。可以看出，该地区常规用电负荷在180kW-380kw之间变化，功率高峰时段为13:00-19:00，功率谷时段为22:00-08:00，剩余时间为正常用电时段。Figure 2 shows a typical 24-hour regular load distribution diagram of the transformer in the parking lot. It can be seen that the regular power load in the area varies between 180kW and 380kw, with the peak power period from 13:00 to 19:00, the valley power period from 22:00 to 08:00, and the rest of the time is the normal power consumption period.

对于到达停车场的电动汽车采用即到即充充电方法，模拟200辆电动汽车的充电场景可以发现，如图3所示，这些电动汽车在07:00-12:00充电负荷会造成严重的功率峰值需求。这种情况严重影响了电网的安全稳定运行。For electric vehicles arriving at the parking lot, the charging method is adopted. By simulating the charging scenario of 200 electric vehicles, it can be found that the charging load of these electric vehicles during 07:00-12:00 will cause serious power peak demand, as shown in Figure 3. This situation seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

本发明提出的集成充电智能趋优方法应用于工作场所停车场，实现电动汽车的优化集成。假设停车场有500个车位，将电动汽车渗透率离散为10个等级，分别为10％、20％、…，100％(考虑增量步长为10％)。从图4中可以看出，运用了本文提出的智能充电策略后，停车场可容纳的电动汽车最大渗透率得到有效提升。The integrated charging intelligent optimization method proposed in this invention is applied to the workplace parking lot to achieve the optimal integration of electric vehicles. Assuming that the parking lot has 500 parking spaces, the electric vehicle penetration rate is discretized into 10 levels, namely 10%, 20%, ..., 100% (considering an incremental step of 10%). As can be seen from Figure 4, after applying the intelligent charging strategy proposed in this article, the maximum penetration rate of electric vehicles that the parking lot can accommodate is effectively improved.

本发明申请人结合说明书附图对本发明的实施示例做了详细的说明与描述，但是本领域技术人员应该理解，以上实施示例仅为本发明的优选实施方案，详尽的说明只是为了帮助读者更好地理解本发明精神，而并非对本发明保护范围的限制，相反，任何基于本发明的发明精神所作的任何改进或修饰都应当落在本发明的保护范围之内。The applicant of the present invention has made a detailed explanation and description of the implementation examples of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the specification. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation examples are only preferred implementation schemes of the present invention, and the detailed description is only to help readers better understand the spirit of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. On the contrary, any improvements or modifications based on the inventive spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An integrated charging intelligent optimization seeking method for an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting the electric automobile information connected to the charging piles in each time interval for each time interval t, wherein the collected information comprises the total number of the electric automobiles connected with the charging piles in the parking lot
Figure FDA0004119675540000011
When the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lotTime t i,s SOC State S when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot i,ini Time t when ith electric vehicle leaves parking lot i,e SOC state S expected to be reached by the ith electric vehicle when leaving the parking lot i,expect Charging power upper limit ^ of the ith electric vehicle battery over time interval>
Figure FDA0004119675540000012
And the upper discharging power limit ^ of the ith electric automobile battery in the t time interval>
Figure FDA0004119675540000013
Step 2: establishing a mathematical model of the energy demand of the electric automobile, wherein the mathematical model comprises the following contents:
the out-of-limit constraint of the connected charging pile transformer meets the following relational expression:
Figure FDA0004119675540000014
wherein L is load,t Representing the normal load of the connected charging post transformer during the time interval t,
Figure FDA0004119675540000015
indicates the actual charging power, based on the actual charging power of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t>
Figure FDA0004119675540000016
Represents the actual discharge power of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval T nor Indicating the rated power of the connected charging pile transformer;
the SOC constraint of each electric vehicle battery in the time interval t meets the following relational expression:
Figure FDA0004119675540000017
wherein S is i,min Represents the minimum SOC lower limit of the ith electric vehicle battery, S i,t Represents the SOC value of the ith electric vehicle battery in the time interval t, S i,max Representing the maximum upper limit of the SOC of the ith electric vehicle battery; t represents the total time;
and step 3: carrying out group classification on the electric automobiles;
and 4, step 4: respectively calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric automobile in each group, and distributing the charging electric quantity of the electric automobiles according to the priority;
and 5: adjusting the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile needing to be charged in the parking lot by combining the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot;
step 6: updating the charging data of the electric automobile according to the charging and discharging distribution condition in the step 5 to judge whether the charging quantity of the electric automobile meets the charging requirement of the group of electric automobiles; determining whether the current time interval t is the end time, if so, ending the method; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and optimizing the charge-discharge distribution of the next time interval t according to the updated electric vehicle information.
2. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the method for classifying the population comprises the following steps:
in time interval t, the residual charging time of the ith electric vehicle
Figure FDA0004119675540000021
Is composed of
Figure FDA0004119675540000022
Wherein, t i,e Indicating the time when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot;
further, the minimum SOC, i.e., SOC, of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t can be obtained i,min,t ：
Figure FDA0004119675540000023
Wherein E is i The rated capacity of the ith electric automobile is represented;
at this time, the SOC is the minimum SOC state according to each electric automobile in the time interval of t i,min,t True SOC State SOC over time t i,now And the desired SOC state S i,expect Grouping electric vehicle groups:
the rigid charging population, population 1, satisfies the following condition:
SOC i,now ＜SOC i,min,t
the flexible charging population, population 2, satisfies the following conditions:
SOC i,min,t ＜SOC i,now ＜S i,expect
the discharge population, population 3, satisfies the following condition:
S i,except ＜SOC i,now ＜S i,max 。
3. the intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in step 4, for the charging groups, i.e. group 1 and group 2, the charging priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0004119675540000031
for the discharge group, i.e. group 3, the discharge priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0004119675540000032
4. the intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 3, characterized in that:
for the ith in population 1 group1 The charge capacity distributed to the vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0004119675540000033
wherein N is group1 The number of the electric automobiles in the rigid charging group is shown,
Figure FDA0004119675540000034
represents the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>
Figure FDA0004119675540000035
Represents the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle; t is res,t Representing the deduction of the conventional load L of the connected charging pile transformer load,t Later transformer margin, <' >>
Figure FDA0004119675540000041
Representing the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle rigid charging group;
the charging electric quantity distributed to each electric automobile in the group 2 in the t time interval
Figure FDA0004119675540000042
The calculation method is the same as that of the method: and calculating the ratio of the charging priority value of each electric vehicle in the electric vehicle group 2 to the sum of the charging priority values of all the electric vehicles in the group 2, and multiplying the ratio by the margin of the transformer after the conventional load is deducted.
5. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 501: for each time interval t, first, the maximum charging power is limited
Figure FDA0004119675540000043
Charging is carried out, and the charging requirement of the parking lot within the time interval t is solved>
Figure FDA0004119675540000044
Step 502: according to T res,t And
Figure FDA0004119675540000045
calculating the charging requirement or the discharging capacity of the electric automobile;
step 503: and adjusting the charging and discharging electric quantity distribution according to the charging requirement and the discharging capacity calculated in the step 502.
6. The intelligent optimization approach method for electric vehicle integrated charging according to claim 5, characterized in that:
in step 501, charging demand of parking lot in time interval t
Figure FDA0004119675540000046
Namely the sum of the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles connected with the charging pile in the parking lot in the time interval t, namely the sum of the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles in the parking lot in the time interval t and the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles in the parking lot charging pile-in-place area t and the maximum charging power upper limits in the parking lot charging pile-in-place area t>
Figure FDA0004119675540000047
The sum of the upper limits of the maximum charging power of the vehicle electric vehicle.
7. The intelligent optimization approach method for electric vehicle integrated charging according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that:
in said step 502, if
Figure FDA0004119675540000048
At the moment, the allowance of the transformer can meet the charging requirement of the parking lot, and the charging method does not need to be changed;
if it is not
Figure FDA0004119675540000051
Reclassifying the electric vehicle groups by using the method in the step 3, calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric vehicle in each group by using the method in the step 4, and calculating the charging requirement or the discharging capacity of the group by using the following relation:
charging demand of rigid charging group, i.e. group 1, in t time interval
Figure FDA0004119675540000052
The following relation is satisfied:
Figure FDA0004119675540000053
therein, SOC i1,min,t Represents the minimum lower limit of SOC, SOC of the battery of the i1 st electric vehicle in the t time interval i1,now Represents the real SOC state of the i1 st electric vehicle in the group 1 in the t time interval, E i1 The rated capacity of the ith 1 electric automobile in the group 1 is shown;
flexible charging demand of population, population 2, over time interval t
Figure FDA0004119675540000054
The following relation is satisfied:
Figure FDA0004119675540000055
wherein N is group2 Indicating the number of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group, S i2,expect Representing a group2 i2 th electric vehicle expected to reach SOC state and SOC when leaving parking i2,now Representing the true SOC state, E, of the i2 nd electric vehicle in the population 2 during the t time interval i2 Indicating the rated capacity of the i2 th electric automobile in the group 2,
Figure FDA0004119675540000056
representing the upper limit of the charging power of the ith 2 electric automobile batteries in the group 2 in the t time interval;
discharging the population in the t time interval, i.e. the discharge capacity of population 3
Figure FDA0004119675540000057
The following relation is satisfied: />
Figure FDA0004119675540000061
Wherein N is group3 Indicates the number of electric vehicles in the discharge group, S i3,expect Indicates the expected SOC state, SOC, of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3 when leaving the parking i3,now Representing the true SOC state, E, of the i3 rd electric vehicle in the group 3 during the t time interval i2 Indicates the rated capacity of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3,
Figure FDA0004119675540000062
and the upper limit of the discharge power of the ith 3 electric automobile batteries in the group 3 in the time interval t is shown.
8. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 7, characterized in that:
in said step 503, if
Figure FDA0004119675540000063
The transformer margin at this time can satisfy the charging requirement of the group 1, the charging requirement of the group 1 is unchanged, and the charging requirement of the group 2 is unchangedThe requirements cannot be met completely, so the remaining energy is distributed according to the charging priority:
Figure FDA0004119675540000064
wherein,
Figure FDA0004119675540000065
indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>
Figure FDA0004119675540000066
Indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle;
Figure FDA0004119675540000067
representing the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle flexible charging group;
the charge amount is not allocated to the group 3;
if it is used
Figure FDA0004119675540000068
The residual energy of the voltage transformation at the moment can not meet the charging requirement of the group 1, and the discharging capability of the group 3 needs to be combined at the moment>
Figure FDA0004119675540000071
And distributing the charging capacity.
9. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 8, characterized in that:
according to the discharge capacity of the population 3
Figure FDA0004119675540000072
The method for distributing the charging capacity comprisesThe following contents are provided:
if it is used
Figure FDA0004119675540000073
The discharge capacity of the population 3 at this time cannot meet the remaining charge demand of the population 1, and the energy allocation of the population 1 at this time is:
Figure FDA0004119675540000074
if it is not
Figure FDA0004119675540000075
The discharging capacity of the group 3 at this time can satisfy the remaining charging demand of the group 1, and the energy distribution of the group 1 at this time satisfies the following relational expression: />
Figure FDA0004119675540000076
At this time, the group 3 also supplies the charging energy to the group 2, and the energy distribution of the group 2 satisfies the following relational expression:
Figure FDA0004119675540000077
10. the intelligent optimization seeking system for the integrated charging of the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises a data acquisition module, an electric vehicle group classification module, a charging and discharging priority calculation module, a charging electric quantity distribution module, a transformer margin comparison module, a charging demand calculation module and a discharging capacity calculation module, and is characterized in that:
the data acquisition module acquires the information of the electric automobiles connected to the parking lot charging piles within a time interval t, wherein the information comprises the total number of the electric automobiles connected with the parking lot charging piles, the time of each electric automobile arriving at the parking lot, the time of each electric automobile leaving the parking lot, the expected SOC state of each electric automobile when leaving the parking lot, the upper limit of the charging power of each electric automobile battery within the time interval t and the upper limit of the discharging power of the ith electric automobile battery within the time interval t, and the acquired data are input to all other modules;
the electric vehicle group classification module divides electric vehicles into a group 1, a group 2 and a group 3 according to the real SOC state of each electric vehicle in the t time interval, the minimum SOC state of each electric vehicle in the t time interval, the SOC state expected to be reached by each electric vehicle when the electric vehicle leaves the parking period and the maximum upper limit of the SOC of each electric vehicle battery, and the group 1, the group 2 and the group 3 respectively represent a rigid charging group, a flexible charging group and a discharging group;
the charging and discharging priority calculation module calculates the charging priority values of the group 1 and the group 2 and the discharging priority value of the group 3, and inputs the calculation results to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
the charging demand calculation module calculates the charging demands of the group 1 and group 2 electric vehicles and inputs the results to the transformer margin comparison module;
the discharge capacity calculation module calculates the discharge capacity of the group 3 electric vehicles and inputs the result to the transformer margin comparison module;
the transformer margin comparison module compares the transformer margin with the charging requirement of the group 1 and the discharging capability of the group 3, and inputs the comparison result to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
and the charging electric quantity distribution module calculates, adjusts and distributes the charging electric quantities of the group 1 and the group 2 according to the comparison result of the transformer margin comparison module.
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