CN113580415B - Solution suspension device and method for preparing bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform - Google Patents

Solution suspension device and method for preparing bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113580415B
CN113580415B CN202110880332.3A CN202110880332A CN113580415B CN 113580415 B CN113580415 B CN 113580415B CN 202110880332 A CN202110880332 A CN 202110880332A CN 113580415 B CN113580415 B CN 113580415B
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glass fiber
bamboo
fiber
net
preform
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CN113580415A (en
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张文福
施江靖
邹艳萍
于海霞
陈红
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Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
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Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/543—Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/14—Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a solution suspension device, which comprises a water bath device, a cover and a screen, wherein an ultrasonic device and an up-down vibration device are arranged in the water bath device, the water bath device is respectively connected with a solution collecting tank and a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected with the solution collecting tank, the invention also provides a method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for a VARTM molding composite material, after the bamboo fibers are sorted, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net are paved in a layered manner, the ultrasonic device and the up-down vibration device are started in the solution suspension device to enable the interpenetrating of the fiber preform to be dispersed, after the surface treatment of an alkali solution, the negative pressure suction filtration molding is carried out, and the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material is obtained after drying. The method of the invention realizes uniform dispersion of the bamboo fibers, improves the combination of the bamboo fibers and the glass fibers, realizes the surface treatment of the bamboo fibers, recycles pretreatment solution, and improves the application field of the bamboo fiber composite material.

Description

Solution suspension device and method for preparing bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bamboo processing, and particularly relates to a solution suspension device and a method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for a VARTM (vacuum forming) composite material.
Background
At present, high-performance fibers represented by carbon fibers and glass fibers are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, traffic, wind power and the like, however, the consumption of petroleum energy and the pollution to the environment of artificial fiber materials are caused, so that people begin to use green and environment-friendly plant fibers to replace the artificial fibers as reinforcing phases of fiber composite materials in some application fields. The bamboo fiber called natural glass fiber has the characteristics of high strength, high rigidity, low cost and the like, and becomes the first choice of the plant fiber reinforced composite material.
As an emerging composite material forming technology, VARTM (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) is a main direction of development of a fiber composite material forming process due to advantages of simple and convenient operation, designable mold, excellent product quality, unrestricted product size, and the like. However, one key step in preparing a fiber composite material by VARTM is the preparation of a fiber preform, and at present, the preparation of the fiber preform is usually carried out by adopting methods such as manual pavement, needling process, textile process and the like, and the manual pavement is convenient and quick, but the fiber cannot be uniformly dispersed due to the technical skill and proficiency of operators; the needling process and the spinning process belong to physical and mechanical processing, and although the needling process and the spinning process can prepare the fiber preform with good dimensional stability, the mechanical processing easily causes a certain loss to plant fibers, so that the strength of the fiber composite material is reduced, the service life is shortened, and the production cost of the plant fiber composite material is increased due to complex process.
Although the plant fiber is environment-friendly and has rich resources compared with the artificial fiber, the VARTM prepared fiber composite material simply uses the plant fiber as a reinforcing phase, and the high-performance requirement of some application fields cannot be met. The problem of how to improve delamination in bamboo fibers of a composite is a significant factor affecting the performance of the composite, and therefore the incorporation of reinforcement phases of the composite, requiring the use of plant fibers in composite applications.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a solution suspension device and a method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for a VARTM molding composite material, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method realizes uniform dispersion of bamboo fibers, improves combination of the bamboo fibers and glass fibers, realizes surface treatment of the bamboo fibers, recycles pretreatment solution, simplifies the process steps in the process of preparing the fiber composite material by the VARTM, and improves the application field of the bamboo fiber composite material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a solution suspending device, includes upper end open-ended water bath device, water bath device's upper end opening part activity is provided with the lid that is used for sealedly, water bath device's upper end opening part activity is provided with the screen that leaks, the screen that leaks include leak net and with leak net fixed connection's a pair of handle, be provided with on a pair of inner wall of water bath device place the platform of leak net, the platform cooperation supports the handle, all be provided with ultrasonic device on water bath device's bottom and the a pair of side wall inner wall, water bath device's bottom is provided with vibration device from top to bottom, water bath device passes through solution conveyer pipe and is connected with the solution collection tank, solution conveyer pipe's both ends all are provided with solution conveying valve, water bath device passes through the first output tube of vacuum pump and is connected with the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump with the solution collection tank passes through the vacuum pump second output tube and the solution collection tank of vacuum pump second output tube sets up the second vacuum valve.
Preferably, the mesh size of the mesh is 0.425mm.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material by using the solution suspension device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sorting bamboo fibers: removing clustered and undispersed bamboo fibers in the bamboo fibers to obtain bamboo fibers to be treated;
s2, paving a bamboo fiber and a glass fiber net: paving 4 parts of the bamboo fibers to be treated obtained in the step (1) with equal mass and 3 layers of glass fiber nets in a leakage net of a solution suspension device, wherein the distance between the glass fiber nets of adjacent layers is 20-50 mm, and four corners of each glass fiber net are fixed with four side edges of the leakage net through ropes to obtain a prefabricated body to be treated; the total mass ratio of the 4 parts of bamboo fibers to be treated to the 3 layers of glass fiber nets is 10: (1-3);
after being paved, each part of bamboo fiber to be treated is named as a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer b, a bamboo fiber layer c and a bamboo fiber layer d in sequence; the 3 layers of glass fiber webs are named as a glass fiber web A, a glass fiber web B and a glass fiber web C in sequence;
the bottom-up laying mode of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net to be treated is as follows:
a bamboo fiber layer a, a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a glass fiber net C and a bamboo fiber layer d;
or a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a glass fiber net C and a bamboo fiber layer d;
or a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a bamboo fiber layer d and a glass fiber net C;
s3, interpenetrating dispersion of the fiber preform: placing the leaking net paved with the prefabricated body to be treated in the step S2 in a water bath device, starting a vacuum pump, injecting the alkaline solution in a solution collecting tank into the water bath device under the condition of the vacuum degree of 0.01MPa to submerge the leaking net of the prefabricated body to be treated, closing the vacuum pump, and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic device and an up-down vibration device to treat for 20min to obtain a fiber preformed body; the bamboo fibers are inserted into the glass fiber net in a suspension way through the solution;
s4, surface pretreatment of the fiber preform: continuously soaking the preform to be treated in the alkali solution for 40min, and cutting off a rope connected between a glass fiber net and a drain net in the preform to be treated to obtain a fiber preform after surface treatment;
in the invention, the surface of the bamboo fiber is pretreated by using the alkali solution, and the bamboo fiber is cooperatively treated by the ultrasonic dispersion and the up-down vibration dispersion and the alkali solution in the first stage of ultrasonic dispersion, so that the treatment time is shortened, the alkali treatment efficiency is improved, and the bamboo fiber is independently treated by the alkali solution in the second stage after the ultrasonic dispersion is finished, so that the pretreatment effect is improved;
s5, performing negative pressure suction filtration molding on the fiber preform: and (3) starting a vacuum pump to suck out alkali solution in the water bath device under the conditions of 0.02MPa of vacuum degree and-0.02 MPa of vacuum pressure, keeping vacuumizing for 20min, taking out the surface-treated fiber preform obtained in S4, naturally drying for 12h at room temperature, drying for 24h at 50 ℃, and drying for 40min at 103 ℃ to obtain the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material.
The invention adopts a negative pressure suction filtration mode to remove the solution in the water bath device, reduce the water content of the fiber preform and improve the initial compactness of the fiber preform; and finally, taking out the uniformly dispersed fiber preform, drying and molding to obtain the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material.
Preferably, the length of the bamboo fiber to be treated in S1 is 1.94 cm-6.02 cm, the diameter is 0.10 mm-1.17 mm, and the average length-diameter ratio is 93-102.
Preferably, the total mass ratio of the 4 parts of the bamboo fibers to be treated and the 3 layers of glass fiber net in the S2 is 10:2.
preferably, the glass fiber web in S2 has a mesh size of 4mm by 4mm and a grammage of 170g/m 2 。
Preferably, the mass fraction of the alkali solution in S3-S5 is 2% -10%.
Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic device in S3 is 1600W and the frequency is 40KHz.
Preferably, the vibration frequency of the up-down vibration device in S3 is 5 times/second to 10 times/second, and the amplitude is the same as the pitch of the glass fiber web of the adjacent layer in S2.
Preferably, the moisture content of the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material in the step S5 is less than or equal to 2 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the bamboo fibers to be treated and the glass fiber nets are paved and then placed in a screen to be suspended in water through ultrasonic vibration, and a space is reserved between the glass fiber nets, so that the bamboo fibers vibrate between the upper glass fiber net and the lower glass fiber net to achieve uniform suspension and dispersion on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side, the bamboo fibers are not damaged, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber nets are crosslinked with each other, a fiber preform with a three-dimensional net structure is finally formed, the damage to the bamboo fibers is reduced through uniform ultrasonic dispersion and vertical vibration, and the excellent performance of the bamboo fibers is reserved; the bamboo fibers in the fiber preform can be uniformly dispersed, the mechanical property is excellent, the bamboo fibers are inserted into the glass fiber net through suspension dispersion, the form of interpenetrating dispersion of the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net is formed, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net are not easy to break in a layering manner, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net are crosslinked with each other, the mechanical interlocking performance is strong, and the interface combination problem of the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net in the composite material is solved; in addition, the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net are dispersed and combined through suspension treatment in the alkali liquor, the treatment on the surface of the bamboo fiber is realized, the ultrasonic treatment and the up-down vibration treatment are carried out in cooperation with the alkali liquor during the ultrasonic dispersion in the first stage, the treatment time is shortened, the alkali treatment efficiency is improved, the ultrasonic dispersion is completed in the second stage, the alkali liquor is used for independently treating the bamboo fiber, and the pretreatment effect is improved.
2. The fiber composite material prepared by VARTM of the invention simply uses plant fiber as a reinforcing phase, which often cannot meet the high performance requirements of some application fields, so that glass fiber is added to improve the overall performance of the composite material in order to improve the application field of the plant fiber in the composite material. On the other hand, the resin injection of the fiber composite material prepared by VARTM requires a diversion medium to completely and fully impregnate the fiber with the resin, a large-aperture glass fiber net can completely serve as the diversion medium, when the bamboo fiber is used as the surface layer of the composite material, the bamboo fiber is easy to expose and contact with moisture, and the glass fiber is used as the surface layer and well bonded with the resin matrix at the interface to prevent the moisture from entering the composite material, so that the water absorption of the composite material is reduced; the hydrophilic plant fiber and the hydrophobic resin tend to cause poor interface combination of the fiber and the resin to reduce the performance of the composite material, and the bamboo fiber is pretreated by alkali treatment, so that the interface combination capacity of the bamboo fiber can be improved, and the alkali solution can be recycled without operator contact, so that the composite material is safer and more environment-friendly; the alkali solution can be recycled, and can be discharged after being fully used; finally, the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net are compacted by using vacuum negative pressure, the combination of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net is improved, the water content of the bamboo fiber after water absorption is high, in addition, the water in the fiber preform is not easy to discharge after the solution is suspended and paved, most of the water can be removed by using the vacuum negative pressure, the initial compactness is improved, and the subsequent drying time can be greatly reduced. In the invention, the glass fiber net is added into the bamboo fiber to improve the performance of the bamboo fiber composite material and widen the application field of the plant fiber.
3. The invention realizes uniform dispersion of the bamboo fibers, improves the combination of the bamboo fibers and the glass fibers, realizes the surface treatment of the bamboo fibers, recycles pretreatment solution, simplifies the process steps in the process of preparing the fiber composite material by VARTM, and improves the application field of the bamboo fiber composite material.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the solution suspending apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the water bath apparatus in the solution suspending apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a screen of the solution suspending apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a water bath device; 2-an ultrasonic device; 3-a cover;
4-a solution delivery valve; 5-a screen; 6, a handle;
7-an up-down vibration device; 8-a platform; 9-a vacuum pump;
10-a solution collection tank; 11-a solution delivery tube; 12-a first output pipe of the vacuum pump;
13-a second output pipe of the vacuum pump; 14-a first vacuum valve; 15-a second vacuum valve.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the solution suspension device of this embodiment includes upper end open-ended water bath device 1, the upper end opening part activity of water bath device 1 is provided with and is used for sealed lid 3, the upper end opening part activity of water bath device 1 is provided with the screen that leaks, the screen that leaks includes screen 5 and with a pair of handle 6 of screen 5 fixed connection, be provided with on a pair of inner wall of water bath device 1 place the platform 8 of screen 5, the cooperation of platform 8 supports handle 6, all be provided with ultrasonic device 2 on the bottom of water bath device 1 and a pair of side wall inner wall, the bottom of water bath device 1 is provided with upper and lower vibrating device 7, water bath device 1 is connected with solution collecting vessel 10 through solution conveyer pipe 11, solution conveyer valve 4 is all provided with at the both ends of solution conveyer pipe 11, water bath device 1 is connected with vacuum pump 9 through vacuum pump first output pipe 12, and be provided with first vacuum valve 14 at the water bath device end of vacuum pump 9 with solution collecting vessel 10 passes through second output pipe 13 vacuum pump 13 and is provided with vacuum pump end 15.
In this embodiment, the aperture of the mesh 5 is 0.425mm.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: placing the materials into a leakage net, placing the materials into a water bath device, covering a cover, opening a vacuum pump, opening a second vacuum valve and a solution conveying valve, conveying the solution in a solution collecting tank into the water bath device through a solution conveying pipe, and closing the vacuum pump, the second vacuum valve and the solution conveying valve after conveying is completed, so that conveying of the solution from the solution collecting tank into the water bath device is completed. And (3) starting an ultrasonic device and an up-down vibration device to treat the materials, after the treatment is completed, starting a vacuum pump, opening a first vacuum valve and a solution conveying valve, recycling the solution in the water bath device into a solution collecting tank, and after the recycling is completed, closing the vacuum pump and closing the first vacuum valve and the solution conveying valve.
Example 2
This example provides a method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber web preform for VARTM-shaped composite materials using the solution suspension apparatus of example 1, the method comprising:
s1, sorting bamboo fibers: removing clustered and undispersed bamboo fibers in the bamboo fibers to obtain bamboo fibers to be treated; the length of the bamboo fiber to be treated is 1.94 cm-5.37 cm (average length is 3.43 cm), the diameter is 0.10 mm-1.17 mm (average diameter is 0.37 mm), and the average length-diameter ratio is 93;
s2, bamboo fiber and glass fiber netPaving: paving 4 parts of the bamboo fibers to be treated obtained in the step (1) with equal mass and 3 layers of glass fiber nets in a leakage net of a solution suspension device, wherein the distance between the glass fiber nets of adjacent layers is 40mm, and four corners of each glass fiber net are fixed with four side edges of the leakage net through ropes to obtain a preform to be treated; the total mass ratio of the 4 parts of bamboo fibers to be treated to the 3 layers of glass fiber nets is 10:2; the mesh specification of the glass fiber web was 4mm by 4mm, and the gram weight was 170g/m 2 ；
After being paved, each part of bamboo fiber to be treated is named as a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer b, a bamboo fiber layer c and a bamboo fiber layer d in sequence; the 3 layers of glass fiber webs are named as a glass fiber web A, a glass fiber web B and a glass fiber web C in sequence;
the bottom-up laying mode of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net to be treated is as follows:
a bamboo fiber layer a, a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a glass fiber net C and a bamboo fiber layer d;
s3, interpenetrating dispersion of the fiber preform: placing the screen on which the preform to be treated is laid in the S2 in a water bath device 1, starting a vacuum pump 9, injecting an alkali solution in a solution collecting tank 10 into the water bath device 1 under the condition of 0.01MPa of vacuum degree to submerge the screen of the preform to be treated, closing the vacuum pump 9, and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic device 2 with the power of 1600W and the frequency of 40KHz and an up-down vibration device 7 with the vibration frequency of 8 times/second and the vibration amplitude the same as the interval between the glass fiber webs of adjacent layers in the S2, and treating for 20min to obtain a fiber preform;
in the embodiment, the bamboo fibers to be treated and the glass fiber nets are paved and then placed in a screen to be subjected to ultrasonic vibration suspension in water, and a 40mm interval is reserved between the glass fiber nets, so that the bamboo fibers vibrate between the upper glass fiber net and the lower glass fiber net to achieve uniform suspension dispersion, no damage is caused to the bamboo fibers, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber nets are crosslinked with each other, a fiber preform with a three-dimensional net structure is finally formed, the damage to the bamboo fibers is reduced through uniform ultrasonic dispersion and up-down vibration, and the excellent performance of the bamboo fibers is reserved; the bamboo fibers in the fiber preform can be uniformly dispersed, the mechanical property is excellent, the bamboo fibers are inserted into the glass fiber net through suspension dispersion, the form of interpenetrating dispersion of the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net is formed, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net are not easy to break in a layering manner, the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net are crosslinked with each other, the mechanical interlocking performance is strong, and the interface combination problem of the bamboo fibers and the glass fiber net in the composite material is solved; in addition, the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net are dispersed and combined through suspension treatment in alkali liquor, and meanwhile, the treatment on the surface of the bamboo fiber is realized, during the ultrasonic dispersion in the first stage, the ultrasonic treatment and the up-down vibration treatment are used for cooperatively treating the bamboo fiber with the alkali liquor, so that the treatment time is shortened, the alkali treatment efficiency is improved, the ultrasonic dispersion is completed in the second stage, and the alkali liquor is used for independently treating the bamboo fiber, so that the pretreatment effect is improved;
s4, surface pretreatment of the fiber preform: continuously soaking the preform to be treated in the alkali solution for 40min, and cutting off a rope connected between a glass fiber net and a drain net in the preform to be treated to obtain a fiber preform after surface treatment;
s5, performing negative pressure suction filtration molding on the fiber preform: starting a vacuum pump 9 to suck out alkali solution in a water bath device 1 under the conditions of 0.02MPa of vacuum degree and-0.02 MPa of vacuum pressure, keeping vacuumizing for 20min, taking out the surface-treated fiber preform obtained in S4, naturally drying for 12h at room temperature, drying for 24h at 50 ℃, and drying for 40min at 103 ℃ to obtain a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material, wherein the water content is less than or equal to 2%;
the fiber composite material prepared by VARTM simply uses plant fibers as a reinforcing phase, and often cannot meet the high-performance requirements of some application fields, so that glass fibers are added to improve the overall performance of the composite material in the application fields of the composite material. On the other hand, the resin injection of the fiber composite material prepared by VARTM requires a diversion medium to completely and fully impregnate the fiber with the resin, a large-aperture glass fiber net can completely serve as the diversion medium, when the bamboo fiber is used as the surface layer of the composite material, the bamboo fiber is easy to expose and contact with moisture, and the glass fiber is used as the surface layer and well bonded with the resin matrix at the interface to prevent the moisture from entering the composite material, so that the water absorption of the composite material is reduced;
the hydrophilic plant fiber and the hydrophobic resin tend to cause poor interface combination of the fiber and the resin to reduce the performance of the composite material, and the bamboo fiber is pretreated by alkali treatment, so that the interface combination capacity of the bamboo fiber can be improved, and the alkali solution in the embodiment can be recycled, so that the composite material is safer and more environment-friendly without operator contact; the alkali solution can be recycled, and can be discharged after being fully used;
in the embodiment, the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net are compacted by using vacuum negative pressure, so that the combination of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net is improved, the water content of the bamboo fiber after water absorption is high, in addition, the water in the fiber preform is not easy to discharge after the solution is suspended and paved, most of the water can be removed by using the vacuum negative pressure, the initial compactness is improved, and the subsequent drying time can be greatly reduced;
in the embodiment, the glass fiber net is added into the bamboo fiber to improve the performance of the bamboo fiber composite material, the glass fiber is used as the artificial fiber which is developed in a mature way, the mechanical property is excellent, the tensile strength of the glass fiber can be 10 times that of the bamboo fiber, the glass fiber is low in price, and the glass fiber is paved in the bamboo fiber to serve as a framework to greatly improve the performance of the bamboo fiber composite material, so that the application field of the plant fiber is widened.
And S3-S5, wherein the mass fraction of the alkali solution is 5% of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
Performance index of bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM molding composite material prepared in this example: placing the prepared bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform in a mold according to epoxy resin: methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride curing agent: n, N-dimethylbenzylamine accelerator = 100:95: 1. The bamboo fiber glass fiber composite material is prepared by using a boundary injection and boundary output injection mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.08-0.085 Mpa, and the curing parameters are 75 ℃ for 1h, 100 ℃ for 1h and 130 ℃ for 2h through a VARTM molding process. The bending strength is 97.34MPa, the bending modulus is 6.81GPa, the shearing strength is 15.38MPa, and the impact toughness is 35.97kJ/m 2 。
Example 3
This example provides a method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber web preform for VARTM-shaped composite materials using the solution suspension apparatus of example 1, the method comprising:
s1, sorting bamboo fibers: removing clustered and undispersed bamboo fibers in the bamboo fibers to obtain bamboo fibers to be treated; the length of the bamboo fiber to be treated is 1.28 cm-6.02 cm (average length is 2.54 cm), the diameter is 0.13 mm-0.55 mm (average diameter is 0.25 mm), and the average length-diameter ratio is 102;
s2, paving a bamboo fiber and a glass fiber net: paving 4 parts of the bamboo fibers to be treated obtained in the step (1) with equal mass and 3 layers of glass fiber nets in a leakage net of a solution suspension device, wherein the distance between the glass fiber nets of adjacent layers is 20mm, and four corners of each glass fiber net are fixed with four side edges of the leakage net through ropes to obtain a preform to be treated; the total mass ratio of the 4 parts of bamboo fibers to be treated to the 3 layers of glass fiber nets is 10:1, a step of; the mesh specification of the glass fiber web was 4mm by 4mm, and the gram weight was 170g/m 2 ；
After being paved, each part of bamboo fiber to be treated is named as a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer b, a bamboo fiber layer c and a bamboo fiber layer d in sequence; the 3 layers of glass fiber webs are named as a glass fiber web A, a glass fiber web B and a glass fiber web C in sequence;
the bottom-up laying mode of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net to be treated is as follows:
glass fiber net A, bamboo fiber layer a, bamboo fiber layer B, glass fiber net B, bamboo fiber layer C, glass fiber net C and bamboo fiber layer d;
s3, interpenetrating dispersion of the fiber preform: placing the screen on which the preform to be treated is laid in the S2 in a water bath device 1, starting a vacuum pump 9, injecting an alkali solution in a solution collecting tank 10 into the water bath device 1 under the condition of 0.01MPa of vacuum degree to submerge the screen of the preform to be treated, closing the vacuum pump 9, and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic device 2 with 1600W of power and 40KHz of frequency and an up-down vibration device 7 with the vibration frequency of 5 times/second and the same amplitude as the interval between the glass fiber webs of adjacent layers in the S2 for 20min to obtain a fiber preform;
s4, surface pretreatment of the fiber preform: continuously soaking the preform to be treated in the alkali solution for 40min, and cutting off a rope connected between a glass fiber net and a drain net in the preform to be treated to obtain a fiber preform after surface treatment;
s5, performing negative pressure suction filtration molding on the fiber preform: starting a vacuum pump 9 to suck out alkali solution in a water bath device 1 under the conditions of 0.02MPa of vacuum degree and-0.02 MPa of vacuum pressure, keeping vacuumizing for 20min, taking out the surface-treated fiber preform obtained in S4, naturally drying for 12h at room temperature, drying for 24h at 50 ℃, and drying for 40min at 103 ℃ to obtain a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material, wherein the water content is less than or equal to 2%;
and S3-S5, wherein the mass fraction of the alkali solution is 2% of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
Performance index of bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM molding composite material prepared in this example: placing the prepared bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform in a mold according to epoxy resin: methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride curing agent: n, N-dimethylbenzylamine accelerator = 100:95: 1. The bamboo fiber glass fiber composite material is prepared by using a boundary injection and boundary output injection mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.08-0.085 Mpa, and the curing parameters are 75 ℃ for 1h, 100 ℃ for 1h and 130 ℃ for 2h through a VARTM molding process. The bending strength is 85.26MPa, the bending modulus is 6.74GPa, the shearing strength is 15.89MPa, and the impact toughness is 34.54kJ/m 2 。
Example 4
This example provides a method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber web preform for VARTM-shaped composite materials using the solution suspension apparatus of example 1, the method comprising:
s1, sorting bamboo fibers: removing clustered and undispersed bamboo fibers in the bamboo fibers to obtain bamboo fibers to be treated; the length of the bamboo fiber to be treated is 1.28 cm-6.02 cm (average length is 2.54 cm), the diameter is 0.13 mm-0.55 mm (average diameter is 0.25 mm), and the average length-diameter ratio is 102;
s2, paving a bamboo fiber and a glass fiber net: paving 4 parts of the bamboo fibers to be treated obtained in the step (1) with equal mass and 3 layers of glass fiber nets in a leakage net of a solution suspension device, wherein the distance between the glass fiber nets of adjacent layers is 50mm, and four corners of each glass fiber net are fixed with four side edges of the leakage net through ropes to obtain a preform to be treated; the total mass ratio of the 4 parts of bamboo fibers to be treated to the 3 layers of glass fiber nets is 10:3, a step of; the mesh specification of the glass fiber web was 4mm by 4mm, and the gram weight was 170g/m 2 ；
After being paved, each part of bamboo fiber to be treated is named as a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer b, a bamboo fiber layer c and a bamboo fiber layer d in sequence; the 3 layers of glass fiber webs are named as a glass fiber web A, a glass fiber web B and a glass fiber web C in sequence;
the bottom-up laying mode of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net to be treated is as follows:
glass fiber net A, bamboo fiber layer a, bamboo fiber layer B, glass fiber net B, bamboo fiber layer C, bamboo fiber layer d and glass fiber net C;
s3, interpenetrating dispersion of the fiber preform: placing the screen on which the preform to be treated is laid in the S2 in a water bath device 1, starting a vacuum pump 9, injecting an alkali solution in a solution collecting tank 10 into the water bath device 1 under the condition of 0.01MPa of vacuum degree to submerge the screen of the preform to be treated, closing the vacuum pump 9, and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic device 2 with the power of 1600W and the frequency of 40KHz and an up-down vibration device 7 with the vibration frequency of 10 times/second and the vibration amplitude the same as the interval between the glass fiber webs of adjacent layers in the S2, and treating for 20min to obtain a fiber preform;
s4, surface pretreatment of the fiber preform: continuously soaking the preform to be treated in the alkali solution for 40min, and cutting off a rope connected between a glass fiber net and a drain net in the preform to be treated to obtain a fiber preform after surface treatment;
s5, performing negative pressure suction filtration molding on the fiber preform: starting a vacuum pump 9 to suck out alkali solution in a water bath device 1 under the conditions of 0.02MPa of vacuum degree and-0.02 MPa of vacuum pressure, keeping vacuumizing for 20min, taking out the surface-treated fiber preform obtained in S4, naturally drying for 12h at room temperature, drying for 24h at 50 ℃, and drying for 40min at 103 ℃ to obtain a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material, wherein the water content is less than or equal to 2%;
and S3-S5, wherein the mass fraction of the alkali solution is 10% of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
Performance index of bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM molding composite material prepared in this example: performance index of bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM molding composite material prepared in this example: placing the prepared bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform in a mold according to epoxy resin: methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride curing agent: n, N-dimethylbenzylamine accelerator = 100:95: 1. The bamboo fiber glass fiber composite material is prepared by using a boundary injection and boundary output injection mode, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.08-0.085 Mpa, and the curing parameters are 75 ℃ for 1h, 100 ℃ for 1h and 130 ℃ for 2h through a VARTM molding process. The bending strength is 81.14MPa, the bending modulus is 6.71GPa, the shearing strength is 16.35MPa, and the impact toughness is 32.75kJ/m 2 。
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing bamboo fiber glass fiber net prefabricated body for VARTM molding composite material by using a solution suspension device is characterized in that the solution suspension device comprises a water bath device (1) with an opening at the upper end, a cover (3) for sealing is movably arranged at the opening at the upper end of the water bath device (1), a sieve is movably arranged at the opening at the upper end of the water bath device (1), the sieve comprises a sieve (5) and a pair of handles (6) fixedly connected with the sieve (5), a platform (8) for placing the sieve (5) is arranged on a pair of inner walls of the water bath device (1), the platform (8) is matched and supported with the handles (6), an ultrasonic device (2) is arranged on the bottom of the water bath device (1) and a pair of side wall inner walls, an upper vibration device (7) is arranged at the bottom of the water bath device (1), the water bath device (1) is connected with a solution collecting tank (10) through a solution conveying pipe (11), two ends of the solution conveying pipe (11) are respectively provided with a valve (4), a first vacuum pump (12) is connected with a vacuum pump (12) through a vacuum pump (12), the vacuum pump (9) is connected with the solution collection tank (10) through a second output pipe (13) of the vacuum pump, and a second vacuum valve (15) is arranged at the solution collection tank end of the second output pipe (13) of the vacuum pump; the aperture of the leakage net (5) is 0.425mm;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sorting bamboo fibers: removing clustered and undispersed bamboo fibers in the bamboo fibers to obtain bamboo fibers to be treated;
s2, paving a bamboo fiber and a glass fiber net: paving 4 parts of the bamboo fibers to be treated obtained in the step (1) with equal mass and 3 layers of glass fiber nets in a leakage net of a solution suspension device, wherein the distance between the glass fiber nets of adjacent layers is 20-50 mm, and four corners of each glass fiber net are fixed with four side edges of the leakage net through ropes to obtain a prefabricated body to be treated; the total mass ratio of the 4 parts of bamboo fibers to be treated to the 3 layers of glass fiber nets is 10: (1-3);
after being paved, each part of bamboo fiber to be treated is named as a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer b, a bamboo fiber layer c and a bamboo fiber layer d in sequence; the 3 layers of glass fiber webs are named as a glass fiber web A, a glass fiber web B and a glass fiber web C in sequence;
the bottom-up laying mode of the bamboo fiber and the glass fiber net to be treated is as follows:
a bamboo fiber layer a, a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a glass fiber net C and a bamboo fiber layer d;
or a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a glass fiber net C and a bamboo fiber layer d;
or a glass fiber net A, a bamboo fiber layer a, a bamboo fiber layer B, a glass fiber net B, a bamboo fiber layer C, a bamboo fiber layer d and a glass fiber net C;
s3, interpenetrating dispersion of the fiber preform: placing the screen paved with the prefabricated body to be treated in the step S2 in a water bath device (1), starting a vacuum pump (9), injecting an alkali solution in a solution collecting tank (10) into the water bath device (1) under the condition of 0.01MPa of vacuum degree, immersing the screen of the prefabricated body to be treated, closing the vacuum pump (9), and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic device (2) and an up-down vibration device (7) for 20min to obtain a fiber preform;
s4, surface pretreatment of the fiber preform: continuously soaking the preform to be treated in the alkali solution for 40min, and cutting off a rope connected between a glass fiber net and a drain net in the preform to be treated to obtain a fiber preform after surface treatment;
s5, performing negative pressure suction filtration molding on the fiber preform: and (3) starting a vacuum pump (9) to suck out the alkali solution in the water bath device (1) under the conditions of 0.02MPa of vacuum degree and-0.02 MPa of vacuum pressure, keeping vacuumizing for 20min, taking out the fiber preform subjected to surface treatment obtained in S4, naturally drying for 12h at room temperature, then drying for 24h at 50 ℃, and then drying for 40min at 103 ℃ to obtain the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for the VARTM molding composite material.
2. The method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite materials by using a solution suspension apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the length of the bamboo fiber to be treated in S1 is 1.94 cm-6.02 cm, the diameter is 0.10 mm-1.17 mm, and the average length-diameter ratio is 93-102.
3. The method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite material by using a solution suspending apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the total mass ratio of 4 parts of the bamboo fiber to be treated and 3 layers of glass fiber net in S2 is 10:2.
4. according to claimA method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM molding composite materials by using a solution suspension device as described in 1, characterized in that the mesh size of the glass fiber net in S2 is 4mm×4mm, and the gram weight is 170g/m 2 。
5. A method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite material by using a solution suspending apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the alkali solution in S3-S5 is 2% -10%.
6. A method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite material, according to claim 1, characterized by using a solution suspension device, wherein the power of the ultrasonic device (2) in S3 is 1600W, the frequency is 40KHz.
7. The method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite material by using a solution suspending apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vibration frequency of the upper and lower vibration means (7) in S3 is 5 times/second to 10 times/second, and the amplitude is the same as the interval between the glass fiber nets of the adjacent layers in S2.
8. The method for preparing a bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the water content of the bamboo fiber glass fiber net preform for VARTM forming composite material in S5 is less than or equal to 2%.
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