CN113579251A - Treatment method for improving tissue performance on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy - Google Patents
Treatment method for improving tissue performance on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing method for improving the structure performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing, which continuously applies pulse current on a substrate in the material increase manufacturing forming component process, so that the pulse current continuously and simultaneously acts on a molten pool and a formed material, thereby influencing the nucleation process of component alloy solidification in the molten pool, and simultaneously carrying out heat treatment on the formed material, and realizing stress relief and recovery recrystallization in the printing process. The method continuously applies pulse current in the process of manufacturing the formed component by the additive, so that the crystal grains of the molten pool material alloy are refined in the solidification process, the defects are eliminated, the internal structure is improved, the formed material alloy is recovered and recrystallized, the online stress relief is realized, and the purpose of synchronous heat treatment is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal material processing engineering, in particular to a processing method for improving the structure performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing.
Background
Aerospace manufacturing is one of the key directions in competitive development of the science and technology strong countries in the world, and aerospace metal components with the characteristics of light weight, difficult processing, high performance and the like cannot be developed. Due to the excellent characteristics of small density, high specific strength and the like, the aluminum-lithium alloy is favored in the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like which pursue light weight and high reliability, and has very wide application prospect. The appearance of the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the traditional casting process is restricted by a mould, and the tissue form of the material is often unsatisfactory, thereby bringing adverse effects to the material performance. The laser additive manufacturing technology opens up a new process technology approach for the design and manufacture of high-performance metal components, and can solve new challenges for materials, structures, processes, performances, applications and the like in the development process of the fields of aerospace and the like.
However, in the current additive manufacturing, because the smelting and solidification cycle process is needed, a coarse columnar grain structure is introduced in the process, and the microstructure causes anisotropy of mechanical properties and contains metallurgical defects such as solidification cracks (as shown in fig. 1), so that the strength of the part is influenced. Therefore, relevant experts and scholars at home and abroad carry out a series of researches on the metallurgical regulation and control of the additive manufacturing of the aluminum and the aluminum lithium alloy.
Martin J H et al (Martin J H, Yahata B D, Hundley J M, et al.3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloys [ J ]. Nature.) obtain a fine equiaxed grain structure by a method of freely forming solidification cracks in a member after additive manufacturing molding, but this method is less effective in refining grains of an internal structure of an aluminum-lithium alloy molded member.
Li F G et Al (Li F G, Dong Q, Zhang J, et Al. in the simple on column-shaped transition and axial column dense growth of Al-15% Cu alloy by synthetic method [ J ]. transformations of non-preferred Metals Society of China,2014,24(7):2112-2116.) by adding severe deformation to induce recrystallization in the heat treatment after the additive manufacturing to obtain a fine equiaxed grain structure, but the severe deformation of the molded part due to the post-treatment does not bring the molded part to the molded shape required by the conditions.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111575613A discloses a cryogenic electric pulse treatment method for removing residual stress from a thin strip of ultra-fine aluminum-lithium alloy, which is to perform high-energy electric pulse treatment on a thin aluminum-lithium alloy to completely release residual stress after the thin strip of aluminum-lithium alloy is subjected to cryogenic pulse current treatment. However, the method is limited to processing the thin aluminum-lithium alloy, the process is complicated, and the method is a post-processing of the formed part, so that the material structure performance of the formed part cannot be improved.
Although the method can improve the structure performance of the aluminum lithium alloy to a certain degree, the former two methods are based on traditional heat treatment, and the traditional heat treatment process is a quite energy-consuming and time-consuming process, and the structure performance of the material cannot be well controlled, so that the material cannot meet the performance required by the condition after heat treatment; the third method has great requirements on the shape formed by the aluminum lithium alloy, and is also a post-treatment of a formed part, so that the material structure performance of the formed part cannot be fundamentally improved.
Because the current method has many defects, which restricts the important bottleneck of the application development of aluminum and aluminum lithium alloy, a novel method for improving the microstructure and performance and reducing the energy consumption is required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method for improving the structure performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method promotes the grain refinement of the melting bath material alloy in the solidification process, eliminates the defects, improves the internal structure, enables the formed material alloy to recover and recrystallize, realizes the on-line stress elimination and achieves the purpose of synchronous heat treatment by continuously applying pulse current in the material increase manufacturing forming component process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a processing method for improving the structure performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing is characterized in that in the material increase manufacturing forming component process, pulse current is continuously applied to a substrate, so that the pulse current continuously and simultaneously acts on a molten pool and a formed material, the nucleation process of component alloy solidification in the molten pool is influenced, the formed material is simultaneously subjected to heat treatment, and stress relief and recovery recrystallization can be realized in the printing process.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
after the required metal powder is dried and proportioned, the metal powder is placed into a powder mixer to be fully mixed to obtain mixed powder, and the substrate after sand blasting is finished in advance is placed into a vacuum glove box to be subjected to coordinate positioning;
after the vacuum glove box is subjected to gas washing, opening a circulating column, loading mixed powder into a powder feeding barrel of a powder feeder, setting powder feeding parameters, and then opening a shielding gas, a laser and a water cooling machine;
starting a pulse power supply and continuously applying pulse current to the substrate;
and then, printing the part according to the set printing parameters.
Preferably, the current density of the pulse current is 1-3 x 105A/cm2The frequency is 50-100 Hz.
Preferably, the pulse power source is a dc pulse, and positive and negative electrodes of the power source are connected to both sides of the substrate, respectively, so as to continuously apply a current to the entire substrate.
Preferably, the vacuum glove box is purged to an oxygen level of less than 200ppm within the box.
Preferably, the powder feeding parameters are specifically as follows: the powder feeding flow is 7L/min, and the powder feeding amount is 1-3 r/min.
Preferably, the protective gas is argon, and the flow rate is 20L/min.
Preferably, the printing parameters are specifically: the laser power is 1500W-4000W, the scanning speed is 300-800 mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Preferably, in the printing process, the laser printing head is lifted by 0.5mm every time when printing one layer, and the steps are sequentially circulated until the part is finally molded.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention continuously applies pulse current on the substrate, so that the pulse current continuously passes through the molten pool and the part forming part, under the treatment of the pulse current, the pulse magnetic force generated by the action of the pulse current enables the crystal nucleus formed by solidification to continuously fall off and proliferate, and the nucleation process of component alloy solidification in the molten pool is continuously interrupted, thereby increasing the number of nucleation, and finally increasing the number of crystal grains and refining the structure; meanwhile, due to the discontinuity of the pulse current, the molten pool is fully stirred, and gas included in the solidification process can be effectively removed, so that the defects of air holes, cracks and the like are eliminated; on the other hand, the pulse current acts on the molten pool and also acts on the formed part of the material to promote dislocation movement and rearrangement in the formed material to form a sub-boundary, so that the material is polycrystallized, and the pulse current treatment is also favorable for conglomerating the sub-crystals of the formed material and forming new and strain-free isometric crystals (as shown in figure 2) through recrystallization, thereby eliminating internal stress existing in the material of the formed part and improving the structure performance of the formed part.
2. The method is simple to operate, and through the treatment of the pulse current, the formed part can obtain the required structure performance without post-heat treatment, thereby reducing the subsequent treatment process, lowering the cost and being beneficial to further industrialized popularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the microstructure of an aluminum-lithium alloy obtained by ordinary powder feeding additive manufacturing.
FIG. 2 is a schematic microstructure diagram of a forming material formed by the treatment method for improving the microstructure performance on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing of aluminum and aluminum lithium alloy.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the treatment method for improving the texture performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the treatment method for improving the texture property of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on-line based on electric pulse-assisted additive manufacturing.
In fig. 4: 1. the laser device comprises a laser device 2, a printing substrate 3, a laser printing head 4, a vacuum glove box 5, a powder feeding pipe 6, a powder feeding device 7, a pulse power supply and an 8 water cooling machine.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the formed alloy parts printed in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2.
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram of the microstructure of the sample obtained in example 3.
FIG. 7 is a gold phase diagram of the microstructure of the sample obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways.
The invention provides a processing method for improving the structure performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing, which loads direct current pulse current on a metal substrate plate in the powder feeding type material increase manufacturing process, leads the pulse current to continuously pass through a molten pool and a formed material, thereby influencing the nucleation process of component alloy solidification in the molten pool, and simultaneously carries out heat treatment on the formed material, and can realize recovery recrystallization in the printing process, thereby realizing stress relief.
As an exemplary implementation of the present invention, the foregoing specific implementation process includes, in conjunction with fig. 3 and 4:
and after the required metal powder is dried and proportioned, putting the metal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing to obtain mixed powder, and putting the substrate 2 subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box 4 for coordinate positioning.
After the vacuum glove box 4 is subjected to gas washing, the circulation column is opened, the mixed powder is filled into a powder feeding barrel of a powder feeder 6, powder feeding parameters are set, and then the shielding gas, the laser 1 and the water chiller 8 are opened.
The pulse power supply 7 is started to continuously apply a pulse current to the substrate 2.
And then, printing the part according to the set printing parameters.
In a preferred embodiment, the current density of the pulse current is 1-3 x 105A/cm2The frequency is 50-100 Hz.
In another preferred embodiment, the pulsed power source is a dc pulse, and the positive and negative sides of the power source are connected to both sides of the substrate, respectively, so that the current is continuously applied to the entire substrate.
In other embodiments, the vacuum glove box is purged to an oxygen level of less than 200ppm within the box.
Preferably, the powder feeding parameters are specifically as follows: the powder feeding flow is 7L/min, and the powder feeding amount is 1-3 r/min.
Preferably, the protective gas is argon, and the flow rate is 20L/min.
Preferably, the printing parameters are specifically: the laser power is 1500W-4000W, the scanning speed is 300-800 mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Preferably, in the printing process, the laser printing head 3 is lifted by 0.5mm every time when printing one layer, and the steps are sequentially circulated until the part is finally molded.
For better understanding, the present invention is further described below with reference to several specific examples, but the process is not limited thereto and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
The following examples printed the workpiece dimensions of length, width, and height in a pole-to-pole ratio of 60mm 30mm, as shown in fig. 5.
[ example 1 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting 2195 alloy powder to dry in proportion, putting the powder into a powder mixer to fully mix, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and performing coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; the laser, the water chiller and the pulse power supply are turned on in sequence; wherein the current density is 1 × 105A/cm2The frequency is 100 Hz.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part. And cooling the part to be molded to room temperature, performing tensile test and hardness test on the molded part, and observing the microstructure of the molded part.
[ example 2 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting 2195 alloy powder to dry in proportion, putting the powder into a powder mixer to fully mix, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and performing coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; the laser, the water chiller and the pulse power supply are turned on in sequence; wherein the current density is 3 × 105A/cm2The frequency is 50 Hz.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part. And cooling the part to be molded to room temperature, performing tensile test and hardness test on the molded part, and observing the microstructure of the molded part.
[ example 3 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting 2195 alloy powder to dry in proportion, putting the powder into a powder mixer to fully mix, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and performing coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; the laser, the water chiller and the pulse power supply are turned on in sequence; wherein the current density is 1.5 x 105A/cm2The frequency is 50 Hz.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part. And cooling the part to be molded to room temperature, performing tensile test and hardness test on the molded part, and observing the microstructure of the molded part.
[ example 4 ]
The method comprises the following steps: and selecting 2050 alloy powder to dry in proportion, putting the powder into a powder mixer to fully mix, and putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box to perform coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; the laser, the water chiller and the pulse power supply are turned on in sequence; wherein the current density is 3 × 105A/cm2The frequency is 100 Hz.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part.
[ example 5 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting industrial pure aluminum powder to dry in proportion, putting the industrial pure aluminum powder into a powder mixer to be fully mixed, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and carrying out coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; the laser, the water chiller and the pulse power supply are turned on in sequence; wherein the current density is 1 × 105A/cm2The frequency is 100 Hz.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part.
[ example 6 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting industrial pure aluminum powder to dry in proportion, putting the industrial pure aluminum powder into a powder mixer to be fully mixed, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and carrying out coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; the laser, the water chiller and the pulse power supply are turned on in sequence; wherein the current density is 3 × 105A/cm2The frequency is 50 Hz.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps: selecting 2195 alloy powder to dry in proportion, putting the powder into a powder mixer to fully mix, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and performing coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; and opening the laser and the water cooler in sequence.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part.
Comparative example 2
The method comprises the following steps: selecting industrial pure aluminum powder to dry in proportion, putting the industrial pure aluminum powder into a powder mixer to be fully mixed, putting the substrate subjected to sand blasting in advance into a vacuum glove box, and carrying out coordinate positioning.
Step two: closing the cabin door to carry out gas washing on the vacuum glove box, stopping gas washing when the oxygen content in the box body is less than 200ppm, and opening the circulating column; and (4) filling the powder mixed in the step one into a powder feeding cylinder of a powder feeder, and setting parameters of powder feeding air flow of 7L/min and powder feeding amount of 1 r/min.
Step three: opening a protective gas valve, and adjusting the flow of protective gas to 20L/min; and opening the laser and the water cooler in sequence.
Step four: and (3) importing the established STL format three-dimensional model into a printing computer, setting parameters according to technological parameter requirements, wherein the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
Step five: and after the fourth step is finished, starting a printing program, printing by the laser beam according to the planned path, lifting the laser printing head by 0.5mm when printing one layer, and circulating in sequence to obtain the final molded part.
[ TEST ]
The molded parts of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to a tensile test, a hardness test and observation of their microstructures, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The results show that electric pulses assist in additive manufacturing and process a molten pool, so that the nucleation number of the material in the molten pool in the solidification process is increased, the crystal grain number is increased, the structure is refined, the mechanical property is improved, and simultaneously the molten pool is stirred, so that gas included in the solidification process is effectively removed, and the defects such as air holes, cracks and the like (density embodiment) are reduced; the pulse current continues the whole additive manufacturing process, so that the formed part of the material recovers and recrystallizes in the process, the internal stress of the material structure is eliminated, and the comprehensive performance is improved.
With the test results in table 1 and fig. 6 and 7, it can be further demonstrated that the microstructure of the sample obtained by the electric pulse assisted powder feeding additive manufacturing is uniform and fine isometric crystal, and has no defects such as cracks and pores; the sample which is not subjected to the electric pulse auxiliary treatment has a microstructure which presents coarse columnar crystals and has a large number of defects such as cracks, pores and the like.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A processing method for improving the structure performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing is characterized in that in the material increase manufacturing forming component process, pulse current is continuously applied to a substrate, so that the pulse current continuously and simultaneously acts on a molten pool and a formed material, the nucleation process of component alloy solidification in the molten pool is influenced, the formed material is simultaneously subjected to heat treatment, and stress relief and recovery recrystallization can be realized in the printing process.
2. The treatment method for improving the tissue performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
after the required metal powder is dried and proportioned, the metal powder is placed into a powder mixer to be fully mixed to obtain mixed powder, and the substrate after sand blasting is finished in advance is placed into a vacuum glove box to be subjected to coordinate positioning;
after the vacuum glove box is subjected to gas washing, opening a circulating column, loading mixed powder into a powder feeding barrel of a powder feeder, setting powder feeding parameters, and then opening a shielding gas, a laser and a water cooling machine;
starting a pulse power supply and continuously applying pulse current to the substrate;
and then, printing the part according to the set printing parameters.
3. The treatment method for improving the texture property of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy in an online manner based on electric pulse-assisted additive manufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the current density of the pulse current is 1-3 x 105A/cm2The frequency is 50-100 Hz.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pulse power source is a dc pulse, and the positive and negative electrodes of the dc pulse are respectively connected to two sides of the substrate, so as to continuously apply current to the entire substrate.
5. The treatment method for improving the texture property of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy in an online manner based on electric pulse assisted additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that the vacuum glove box is purged until the oxygen content in the box is less than 200 ppm.
6. The processing method for improving the texture performance of the aluminum and the aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on the electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the powder feeding parameters are as follows: the powder feeding flow is 7L/min, and the powder feeding amount is 1-3 r/min.
7. The treatment method for improving the texture property of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy in an online manner based on electric pulse-assisted additive manufacturing of claim 2, wherein the shielding gas is argon gas, and the flow rate is 20L/min.
8. The processing method for improving the texture performance of aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloy on line based on electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing according to claim 2, wherein the printing parameters are specifically as follows: the laser power is 1500W-4000W, the scanning speed is 300-800 mm/min, and the layer lifting amount is 0.5 mm.
9. The processing method for improving the texture property of the aluminum and the aluminum-lithium alloy in the online manner based on the electric pulse auxiliary material increase manufacturing method as claimed in claim 2 or 8, wherein in the printing process, the laser printing head is lifted by 0.5mm for each layer of printing, and the steps are sequentially circulated until the part is finally molded.
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