CN113573397A - Power management in a wireless modem - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to power management in a wireless modem. Techniques discussed herein may facilitate power management at a User Equipment (UE) by selecting a power management stage based on a current power state. One exemplary aspect is a UE comprising one or more processors configured to: monitoring a temperature of the UE via one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE; determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE; selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and implementing one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage. Before implementation, a notification may be triggered to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

Description

Power management in a wireless modem

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The benefit of U.S. provisional patent application 63/017,195 entitled "POWER MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS MODEMS," filed on 29/4/2020, this provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Background

Mobile communications in the next generation wireless communication system 5G or New Radio (NR) networks will provide ubiquitous connectivity and access to information and the ability to share data worldwide. 5G networks and network slices will be a unified, service-based framework that will target the satisfaction of general and sometimes conflicting performance standards and provide services to an extremely diverse range of application domains ranging from enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) to large-scale machine type communication (mtc), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and other communications. Generally, NR will evolve based on third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) advanced technologies as well as additional enhanced Radio Access Technologies (RATs) to enable seamless and faster wireless connection solutions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture of a system including a Core Network (CN), e.g., a fifth generation (5G) CN (5GC), in accordance with various aspects.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of a device that may be employed in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example interface of baseband circuitry that may be employed in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a system that facilitates power management in conjunction with a wireless modem in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a first example method or process that can be employed at a UE that facilitates power management according to one of multiple power management stages in conjunction with one or more radio modems in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of temperature-based hysteresis for reducing rapid cycling between two or more power management phases in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 7 is a flow diagram of a second example method or process that can be employed at a UE that facilitates power management according to one of multiple power management stages in conjunction with one or more radio modems in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 8A is a flow diagram of an example method or process 800 that can be employed at a UE that facilitates a restricted NR mode in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Fig. 8B is a flow diagram of an example method or process 850 that can be employed at a UE that facilitates restricted LTE mode in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

Detailed Description

The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout, and wherein the illustrated structures and devices are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the terms "component," "system," "interface," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a component may be a processor (e.g., a microprocessor, controller, or other processing device), a process running on a processor, a controller, an object, an executable, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet, and/or user equipment with a processing device (e.g., a mobile phone or other device configured to communicate via a 3GPP RAN, etc.). By way of example, an application running on a server and the server can also be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. A set of elements or a set of other components can be described herein, wherein the term "set" can be interpreted as "one or more" unless context indicates otherwise (e.g., "empty set," "set of two or more xs," etc.).

In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon, such as utilizing modules, for example. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network, such as the internet, local area network, wide area network, or the like with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component may be a device having a specific function provided by a mechanical component operated by electrical or electronic circuitry operated by a software application or firmware application executed by one or more processors. The one or more processors may be internal or external to the apparatus and may execute at least a portion of a software or firmware application. As another example, a component may be a device that provides a particular function through electronic components without the need for mechanical components; electronic components may include one or more processors therein to execute software and/or firmware that at least partially impart functionality to the electronic components.

The use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; x is B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing circumstances. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "includes," including, "" has, "" with, "or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term" comprising. Further, where one or more numbered items (e.g., "first X," "second X," etc.) are discussed, in general, the one or more numbered items can be different or they can be the same, but in some cases, the context can indicate that they are different or that they are the same.

As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, may be part of, or may include the following: an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some aspects, the circuitry may be implemented in, or the functionality associated with, one or more software or firmware modules. In some aspects, a circuit may include a logic component that may operate, at least in part, in hardware.

Various aspects discussed herein may relate to facilitating wireless communications, and the nature of such communications may vary.

It is well known that the use of personally identifiable information should comply with privacy policies and practices that are recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of inadvertent or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be explicitly stated to the user.

Aspects described herein may be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. Fig. 1 illustrates an architecture of a system 100 including a Core Network (CN)120, e.g., a fifth generation (5G) CN (5GC), in accordance with various aspects. The system 100 is shown as including: a UE 101, which may be the same as or similar to one or more other UEs discussed herein; third generation partnership project (3GPP) radio access network (wireless AN or RAN) or other (e.g., non-3 GPP) AN, (R) AN 210, which may include one or more RAN nodes (e.g., evolved node B (enb)), next generation node B (gNB and/or other nodes), or other nodes or access points; and a Data Network (DN)203, which may be, for example, an operator service, internet access, or third party service; and a fifth generation core network (5GC) 120. The 5GC 120 may include one or more of the following functions and network components: an authentication server function (AUSF) 122; an access and mobility management function (AMF) 121; a Session Management Function (SMF) 124; a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 123; a Policy Control Function (PCF) 126; a Network Repository Function (NRF) 125; unified Data Management (UDM) 127; an Application Function (AF) 128; a User Plane (UP) function (UPF) 102; and a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)129, which may be connected through various interfaces and/or reference points, for example, as shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 2 illustrates exemplary components of a device 200 according to some aspects. In some aspects, device 200 may include application circuitry 202, baseband circuitry 204, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 206, Front End Module (FEM) circuitry 208, one or more antennas 210, and Power Management Circuitry (PMC)212 (coupled together at least as shown). The components of the illustrated device 200 may be included in a UE or RAN node. In some aspects, the apparatus 200 may include fewer elements (e.g., the RAN node is unable to utilize the application circuitry 202, but includes a processor/controller to process IP data received from a CN, such as the 5GC 120 or an Evolved Packet Core (EPC)). In some aspects, device 200 may include additional elements, such as memory/storage, a display, a camera, sensors (including one or more temperature sensors, such as a single temperature sensor, multiple temperature sensors at different locations in device 200), or input/output (I/O) interfaces. In other aspects, the following components may be included in more than one device (e.g., the circuitry may be included separately in more than one device for cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).

The application circuitry 202 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 202 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled to or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 200. In some aspects, the processor of the application circuitry 202 may process IP data packets received from the EPC.

The baseband circuitry 204 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Baseband circuitry 204 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic components to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of RF circuitry 206 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of RF circuitry 206. Baseband processing circuitry 204 may interact with application circuitry 202 to generate and process baseband signals and to control the operation of RF circuitry 206. For example, in some aspects, the baseband circuitry 204 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 204A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 204B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 204C, or other existing generation, other baseband processors 204D of generations that are being developed or are to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuitry 204 (e.g., one or more baseband processors 204A-D) may handle various radio control functions that may communicate with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 206. In other aspects, some or all of the functionality of the baseband processors 204A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory 204G and may be performed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 204E. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, and the like. In some aspects, the modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 204 may include Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some aspects, the encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 204 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Aspects of the modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions are not limited to these examples, and may include other suitable functions in other aspects.

In some aspects, the baseband circuitry 204 may include one or more audio Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) 204F. The audio DSP 204F may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements in other aspects. In some aspects, the components of the baseband circuitry may be combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board, as appropriate. In some aspects, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 204 and the application circuitry 202 may be implemented together, such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some aspects, the baseband circuitry 204 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some aspects, baseband circuitry 204 may support communication with a NG-RAN, an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) or other Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), and/or the like. Aspects of the baseband circuitry 204 configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

RF circuitry 206 may communicate with a wireless network through a non-solid medium using modulated electromagnetic radiation. In various aspects, the RF circuitry 206 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 206 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from FEM circuitry 208 and provide baseband signals to baseband circuitry 204. RF circuitry 206 may also include a transmission signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by baseband circuitry 204 and provide RF output signals to FEM circuitry 208 for transmission.

In some aspects, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 206 may include mixer circuitry 206a, amplifier circuitry 206b, and filter circuitry 206 c. In some aspects, the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 206 may include a filter circuit 206c and a mixer circuit 206 a. RF circuitry 206 may also include synthesizer circuitry 206d for synthesizing the frequencies used by mixer circuitry 206a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 206a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 208 based on a synthesis frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 206 d. The amplifier circuit 206b may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and the filter circuit 206c may be a Low Pass Filter (LPF) or a Band Pass Filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the downconverted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuitry 204 for further processing. In some aspects, although this is not required, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal. In some aspects, mixer circuit 206a of the receive signal path may comprise a passive mixer, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this respect.

In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 206a of the transmit signal path may be configured to upconvert the input baseband signal based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 206d to generate an RF output signal for the FEM circuitry 208. The baseband signal may be provided by the baseband circuitry 204 and may be filtered by the filter circuitry 206 c.

In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and up-conversion, respectively. In some aspects, the mixer circuit 206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some aspects, the mixer circuit 206a and the mixer circuit 206a of the receive signal path may be arranged for direct down-conversion and direct up-conversion, respectively. In some aspects, the mixer circuit 206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 206a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

In some aspects, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of various aspects is not limited in this respect. In some alternative aspects, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative aspects, RF circuitry 206 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and baseband circuitry 204 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with RF circuitry 206.

In some dual-mode aspects, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided to process signals for each spectrum, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this respect.

In some aspects, synthesizer circuit 206d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N +1 synthesizer, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. Synthesizer circuit 206d may be, for example, a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase locked loop with a frequency divider.

The synthesizer circuit 206d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency based on the frequency input and the divider control input for use by the mixer circuit 206a of the RF circuit 206. In some aspects, synthesizer circuit 206d may be a fractional N/N +1 synthesizer.

In some aspects, the frequency input may be provided by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by the baseband circuitry 204 or the application processor 202 depending on the desired output frequency. In some aspects, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 202.

Synthesizer circuit 206d of RF circuit 206 may include a frequency divider, a Delay Locked Loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some aspects, the divider may be a dual-mode divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a Digital Phase Accumulator (DPA). In some aspects, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N +1 (e.g., based on the output) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some exemplary aspects, a DLL may include a set of cascaded tunable delay components, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these aspects, the delay elements may be configured to decompose the VCO period into Nd equal groups of phases, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. Thus, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some aspects, synthesizer circuit 206d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other aspects the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate a plurality of signals at the carrier frequency having a plurality of different phases relative to each other. In some aspects, the output frequency may be an LO frequency (fLO). In some aspects, the RF circuitry 206 may include an IQ/polarity converter.

FEM circuitry 208 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 210, amplify the received signals, and provide amplified versions of the received signals to RF circuitry 206 for further processing. The FEM circuitry 208 may also include a transmission signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify transmission signals provided by the RF circuitry 206 for transmission through one or more of the one or more antennas 210. In various aspects, amplification through the transmit or receive signal path may be accomplished in only the RF circuitry 206, only the FEM 208, or both the RF circuitry 206 and the FEM 208.

In some aspects, the FEM circuitry 208 may include TX/RX switches to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 206). The transmit signal path of FEM circuitry 208 may include a Power Amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 206), and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of one or more antennas 210).

In some aspects, PMC 212 may manage power provided to baseband circuitry 204. In particular, the PMC 212 may control power selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion. The PMC 212 may generally be included when the device 200 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE. The PMC 212 may improve power conversion efficiency while providing desired implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.

Although figure 2 shows PMC 212 coupled only to baseband circuitry 204. However, in other aspects, PMC 212 may additionally or alternatively be coupled with other components (such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 202, RF circuitry 206, or FEM 208) and perform similar power management operations.

In some aspects, PMC 212 may control or otherwise participate in various power saving mechanisms of device 200. For example, if the device 200 is in an RRC _ Connected state, where it is still Connected to the RAN node as expected to receive traffic soon, it may enter a state referred to as discontinuous reception mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 200 may be powered down for short time intervals, thereby saving power.

If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, the device 200 may transition to the RRC _ Idle state, where it is disconnected from the network and no operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. are performed. The device 200 enters a very low power state and it performs paging, where it again wakes up periodically to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 200 may not receive data in this state; to receive data, the device may transition back to the RRC _ Connected state.

The additional power-save mode may cause the device to be unavailable to the network for longer than the paging interval (ranging from a few seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is completely unable to connect to the network and can be completely powered down. Any data transmitted during this period will cause significant delay and the delay is assumed to be acceptable.

The processor of the application circuitry 202 and the processor of the baseband circuitry 204 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, the processor of the baseband circuitry 204 may be used, alone or in combination, to perform layer 3, layer 2, or layer 1 functions, while the processor of the application circuitry 204 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further perform layer 4 functions (e.g., Transport Communication Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layers). As mentioned herein, layer 3 may include a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 2 may include a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, as described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 1 may comprise the Physical (PHY) layer of the UE/RAN node, as described in further detail below.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example interface of a baseband circuit according to some aspects. As discussed above, the baseband circuitry 204 of FIG. 2 may include processors 204A-204E and memory 204G utilized by the processors. Each of the processors 204A-204E may include a memory interface 304A-304E, respectively, to send/receive data to/from the memory 204G.

The baseband circuitry 204 may also include: one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuits/devices, such as memory interface 312 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from memory external to baseband circuitry 204); an application circuit interface 314 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from the application circuit 202 of fig. 2); RF circuitry interface 316 (e.g., an interface for transmitting/receiving data to/from RF circuitry 206 of fig. 2); a wireless hardware connection interface 318 (e.g., for connecting to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components,

The components (e.g.,

Low Energy)、

interfaces for components and other communication components to send/receive data); and a power management interface 320 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving power or control signals to/from PMC 212).

As discussed in more detail herein, various aspects that may be employed, for example, at a UE, may facilitate power management in conjunction with a wireless modem. Various aspects may employ the power management techniques discussed herein, wherein one or more power management stages discussed herein may be employed to mitigate overheating based on monitored power consumption and temperature levels. The power management stages discussed herein may reduce power consumption and associated overheating caused by 5G (fifth generation) NR (new radio) operation, LTE (long term evolution) operation, or both.

Referring to fig. 4, a block diagram of a system 400 that can be employed at a UE (user equipment), next generation node B (gbnodeb or gNB), or other BS (base station)/TRP (transmission/reception point), or another component of a 3GPP (third generation partnership project) network (e.g., a 5GC (fifth generation core network) component or function, such as UPF (user plane function)) that facilitates power management in conjunction with a wireless modem is illustrated, in accordance with various aspects discussed herein. System 400 may include a processor 410, communication circuitry 420, and memory 430. Processor 410 (e.g., which may include one or more of 202 and/or 204A-204F, etc.) may include processing circuitry and associated interfaces (e.g., a communication interface (e.g., RF circuitry interface 316) for communicating with communication circuitry 420, a memory interface (e.g., memory interface 312) for communicating with memory 430, etc.). The communication circuitry 420 may include, for example, circuitry for wired and/or wireless connections (e.g., 206 and/or 208), which may include transmitter circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more transmission chains) and/or receiver circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more reception chains), where the transmitter circuitry and the receiver circuitry may employ common and/or different circuit elements, or a combination thereof. Memory 430 may include one or more memory devices (e.g., memory 204G, local memory (e.g., including CPU registers of a processor as discussed herein), etc.) that may have any of a variety of storage media (e.g., volatile and/or non-volatile according to any of a variety of techniques/architectures, etc.) and that may store instructions and/or data associated with one or more of processor 410 or transceiver circuitry 420.

Particular types of aspects of system 400 (e.g., UE aspects) can be indicated via subscripts (e.g., system 400)_UEIncludes a processor 410_UE Communication circuit 420_UEAnd a memory 430_UE). In some aspects, such as the BS aspect (example)E.g., system 400_gNB) And network component (e.g., UPF (user plane function), etc.) (e.g., system 400)_UPF) Processor 410_gNB(etc.), communication circuits (e.g., 420)_gNBEtc.) and memory (e.g., 430)_gNBEtc.) may be in a single device or may be included in different devices, such as part of a distributed architecture. In various aspects, different aspects of the system 400 (e.g., 400)₁And 400₂) May be transmitted by the processor 410₁Generated by the communication circuit 420₁Transmitted over an appropriate interface or reference point (e.g., 3GPP air interfaces N3, N4, etc.), by communication circuitry 420₂Is received and processed by the processor 410₂And (6) processing. Depending on the type of interface, additional components (e.g., with system 400)₁And 400₂Associated antennas, network ports, etc.) may participate in the communication.

In various aspects, one or more of the information (e.g., system information, resources associated with signaling, etc.), features, parameters, etc. may be signaled (e.g., via the processor 410) from the gNB or other access point (e.g., via signaling, e.g., associated with one or more layers, such as L1 signaling or higher layer signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, etc.))_gNBGenerating, generating by communication circuit 420_gNBTransmission, by communication circuit 420_UEIs received and processed by the processor 410_UEProcessed signaling) to the UE. The type of signaling employed and/or the exact details of the operations performed at the UE and/or the gNB in the processing (e.g., signaling structure, processing of PDUs/SDUs, etc.) may vary depending on the type, characteristics, parameters, etc. of the information. However, for convenience, such operations may be referred to herein as generating or processing configuration signaling, or via similar terminology, for UE configuration information/features/parameters/etc.

The 3GPP (third generation partnership project) Technical Specification (TS) defines optional power management related messages between a UE (user equipment) and a Base Station (BS), e.g. eNB (evolved node B) or gNB (next generation node B), etc.

As a first example, the overheatingassistence message is defined in 3GPP TS 36.331 V15.4.0 for LTE (12 months 2018) as follows:

the reduced ue-CategoryDL and reduced ue-CategoryUL parameters may limit the data rate, while the reduced dccsdl and reduced dccsul parameters may limit the number of Component Carriers (CCs) and thus the total Bandwidth (BW). Individually or in combination, these parameters may limit the total amount of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplink (UL) data received and/or transmitted by the UE, as well as the corresponding power usage.

As a second example, another overheating assistance message is defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 V15.4.0 for 5G NR (12 months 2018) as follows:

redevent mimo-LayersFR1-DL, redevent mimo-LayersFR1-UL, redevent mimo-LayersFR2-DL, and redevent mimo-LayersFR2-UL parameters may reduce the number of spatial streams (and thus limit the data rate) of DL and/or UL within frequency range 1 (sub-6 GHz) and/or frequency range 2(mmWave, e.g., 24GHz and higher), respectively, while the bandwidth may be similar to LTE overheatingactivity IE via redevent csdl and redevent csul and/or limited using one or more of redevent BW-FR1-DL, redevent BW-FR1-UL, redevent BW-FR2-DL, or redevent BW-FR1-DL (e.g., from a full system BW of 100 to 10 BW, etc.). These parameters, if supported, may limit the total amount of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplink (UL) data received and/or transmitted by the UE, as well as the corresponding power usage. However, existing networks do not support the overheatingassistence IE.

Over time, high power consumption can adversely affect the life of the equipment by causing damage to equipment components. Thus, in addition to the optional 3GPP overheatingassistence message defining the tools for power management, proprietary solutions may be employed such as blanking the UL (e.g., throttling the UL) (e.g., not transmitting UL data and/or transmitting UL data at a low rate) and suspending DL data (e.g., not receiving some or all scheduled DL data for at least a limited time), wherein the UL and DL links may be restored to normal operation once the thermal problem is resolved. As another example of a proprietary solution, the UE may apply and/or adjust the duty cycle of transmissions for active and inactive periods (which may also end once the thermal problem is resolved), depending on power availability and thermal conditions.

The 5G NR consumes a higher amount of power than the 4G LTE. Thus, the 5G NR is even more demanding for efficient and intelligent power management methods compared to LTE. In addition, at least in early deployments, 5G is activated simultaneously with LTE (e.g., using EN (E-UTRA (evolved universal terrestrial radio access) -NR) -DC (dual connectivity) or NSA (non-standalone) configurations). Thus, power management is significantly more complex than for LTE-only deployments. In addition, while 3GPP has defined overheating messages for LTE and NR, when and what parts of these messages are to be used is not trivial and depends on the implementation, and support for the overheating message part is optional. Accordingly, various aspects may employ the techniques discussed herein for power management of NR and/or LTE modems, where the techniques address both scenarios when over-temperature messages are supported and scenarios when over-temperature messages are not supported.

Referring to fig. 5, a flow diagram of a first exemplary method or process 500 that can be employed at a UE that facilitates power management according to one of a plurality of power management stages in conjunction with one or more radio modems is illustrated in accordance with various aspects discussed herein. In other aspects, a machine-readable medium may store instructions associated with method 500Instructions that when executed may cause a UE (e.g., employing system 400)_UE) The acts of method 500 are performed.

On a periodic and/or continuous basis, temperature measurements may be made by one or more temperature sensors of the UE (e.g., a single temperature sensor, multiple temperature sensors at different locations in the UE, etc.) to measure potential overheating at the UE (e.g., due to power usage, etc.). At 510, a temperature measurement may be taken at time t.

At 520, optional filtering of a set of temperature data (including temperature measurements at time t) and prediction based on the set of temperature data may be performed. Temperature prediction may include determining whether the temperature will remain the same/increase/decrease, the rate of temperature change, one or more of the predicted future temperatures (e.g., any of which may be based on current operating conditions and/or power management phases, etc.).

At 530, peak power usage may be monitored on a periodic and/or continuous basis, which may include, for example, determining peak power within a given time window (e.g., the last N milliseconds/second, etc.).

At 540, based on the monitored peak power and predicted temperature (e.g., optionally after filtering), current and/or predicted power usage relative to a power budget may be determined, where the determination may include assigning a current/expected power and/or an over-temperature state (which may be referred to herein as a "power state") to one of a plurality of classifications (bins) (e.g., which may be based at least in part on a ratio of peak power usage to power budget, current and/or forecasted temperature, etc.), where each classification may be associated with a unique power management stage 550 of the plurality of power management stages_iIn association, this unique power management phase may be temporarily employed until overheating is mitigated. In implementing the Power management stage 550_iThereafter, the method 500 may return to 510 for further temperature monitoring.

Additionally or alternatively, method 500 can include incorporating a UE and/or system 400 herein_UEOne or more other acts described in various aspects of (a).

Various aspects may employ a configurable design that includes a plurality of different power management stages, where the number and/or power management techniques associated with each stage may vary for some or all of the power management stages between the aspects. Various aspects may employ one or more power management techniques that are always active (e.g., for the class with the lowest power state, e.g., operation within a normal temperature range, etc.) and/or one or more power management techniques that remain active unless replaced by a more stringent power management technique as "phase 0" power management or no power management.

For temperatures above the normal operating range, depending on the power state, it may be assigned to one or more additional classes (e.g., class 1, class 2, … … class N), where each class may have an associated power management stage (e.g., stage 1 power management, stage 2 power management, … … stage N power management).

In various aspects related to potential UE operation in NR and LTE, the N power management phases other than phase 0 may include one or more NR power management phases (e.g., such as those discussed herein, etc.) that may reduce power from NR operation and one or more LTE power management phases (e.g., such as those discussed herein, etc.) that may reduce power from LTE operation (in aspects where NR or LTE operation is omitted, the corresponding power management phases may be omitted). In various aspects, the N power management phases may also include one or more power management phases that affect operation in both NR and LTE.

In various aspects, when a power management stage is selected based on a classification selection according to power states, the power management techniques of that power management stage may be applied, and optionally also lower-stage (e.g., power management stages associated with power states closer to normal operating conditions, if any) power management techniques may be applied (e.g., in various aspects, lower-stage power management techniques may be applied if the lower-stage power management techniques are not replaced by higher-stage power management techniques that would also be applied, etc.).

In various aspects, one or more power management stages may include one or more of the following techniques associated with a low power NR mode: (a) limit NR operation to FR1 (sub 6 GHz); (b) low power beam management (e.g., including using a reduced number of beams in initial beam detection/selection); (c) using a smaller number of beams in beam tracking; (d) using a sub-optimal but power efficient beam selection method; (e) using low power measurements; and/or (f) use of a reduced BWP size in the NR (if supported by the network). In some aspects, one or more of these techniques may be employed together as a single power management stage employing a low power NR mode technique (e.g., and may include an initial power management stage after normal operation, although other orderings of power management stages may also be applied), while in other aspects, two or more separate power management stages may employ techniques associated with a low power NR mode.

In various aspects, one or more power management phases may include one or more of the following techniques associated with a restricted NR mode: (a) employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) in NR; (b) employing a reduced number of spatial streams (i.e., MIMO (multiple input multiple output) layers) in the NR (if supported by the network); (c) reporting a lower value in PHR (power headroom report) in NR (e.g., including setting it to zero); (d) UL (uplink) throttling (e.g., reducing maximum data rate via various techniques) and/or transmission power limiting in NR; (e) DL (downlink) throttling in NR; (f) report a value on NR that is lower than the exact value in BSR (buffer status report) (e.g., including possibly "0", etc.); and/or (G) suspend data communications in the NR (e.g., but retain VoIP when supported on the NR). In some aspects, one or more of these techniques may be employed together as a single power management stage employing restricted NR mode techniques (e.g., after any low power NR mode stage, but other ordering may also be applied, etc.), while in other aspects two or more separate power management stages may employ techniques associated with restricted NR modes.

In various aspects, the one or more power management phases may include one or more of the following techniques associated with the restricted LTE mode: (a) employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) in LTE; (b) employing a reduced number of spatial streams (i.e., MIMO layers) in LTE (if supported by the network); (c) reporting a lower value in PHR (power headroom report) in LTE (e.g., including setting it to zero); (d) UL (uplink) throttling (e.g., reducing maximum data rate via various techniques) and/or transmission power limitations in LTE; (e) DL (downlink) throttling in LTE; (f) report a value on LTE that is lower than the exact value in BSR (buffer status report) (e.g., including possibly "0", etc.); and/or (G) suspend data communication in LTE (e.g., but retain VoIP when supported on LTE). In some aspects, one or more of these techniques may be employed together as a single power management stage employing restricted LTE mode techniques (e.g., after any low power NR mode stage and restricted NR mode stage, etc., although other ordering may also be applied), while in other aspects two or more separate power management stages may employ techniques associated with restricted LTE modes.

In various aspects, a power management phase may be included that limits operation to LTE only (e.g., deactivation of NR communications). In some aspects, the LTE-only mode power management phase may follow any low power NR mode phase, restricted NR mode phase, and restricted LTE mode phase (although other ordering may also be applied), while in other aspects, the restricted LTE mode phase may follow the LTE-only mode phase.

In various aspects, one or more additional power management stages may be included, which may include additional techniques for managing overheating, such as deactivating LTE and NR, deactivating all 3GPP communications, deactivating all wireless communications (e.g., flight mode), saving power for the UE, and so forth. In various aspects, deactivation of both LTE and NR (e.g., and optionally one or more other wireless communication modes, such as WiFi, or the like) is involved,

Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.) may be one or more final power management stages that may follow other power management stages.

For ease of discussion, low power NR techniques, restricted NR mode techniques, restricted LTE mode techniques, LTE only modes, and techniques involving deactivation of both LTE and NR have been discussed separately and in connection with separate power management stages. However, some aspects may employ one or more power management stages, where techniques from more than one of these categories may be combined in a single power management stage (e.g., a single NR power management stage employing one or more low power NR techniques and one or more restricted NR mode techniques, a single restricted mode stage employing one or more restricted NR mode techniques and one or more restricted LTE mode techniques, etc.).

As one exemplary aspect, six power management phases (e.g., phases 0-5) may be employed, wherein: phase 0 power management corresponds to normal operation (e.g., it may include any default power management techniques (e.g., techniques that are commonly applied or applied without more stringent techniques, etc.); phase 1 power management employs one or more low power NR techniques, phase 2 power management employs one or more limited NR mode techniques, phase 3 power management employs one or more limited LTE mode techniques, phase 4 employs NR deactivation (e.g., LTE-only mode), and phase 5 employs flight mode.

In various aspects, activation of a power management stage and/or one or more power management techniques of a power management stage may trigger a notification to a user. The notification may alert the user that the UE is now switching to a different power management stage/technology. In some such aspects, notifications may be triggered only for some power management phases/techniques (e.g., phases employing flight mode, etc.) and not for other phases (e.g., phases employing only low power NR mode techniques, etc.), while in other aspects, each phase/technique may trigger a notification. Additionally, in some aspects, the notification that is triggered may be provided immediately, while in other aspects, the notification may be provided after the delay (e.g., N milliseconds/second, etc.) if the power management phase that triggered the delay is still operational. While some techniques that may be employed by various power management stages have triggered changes in notifications that are visible to the user (e.g., flight mode, LTE-only mode (in conjunction with which 5G notifications will no longer be presented)), etc.), triggering additional notifications (e.g., associating a mode change with overheating) may provide the user with context explaining why the mode change occurred, the temporary nature of the mode change, etc.

Additionally, if supported, NR and/or LTE overheatingassistence messages may be triggered in conjunction with the associated power management phase. As one example, if the limited NR mode techniques are to be implemented based on a power management phase selected according to a power state, the UE may transmit an NR OverheatingAssistance message if supported by the network prior to implementing the limited NR mode techniques. Similarly, if restricted LTE mode techniques are to be implemented based on a power management phase selected according to the power state, the UE may transmit an LTE overheatingasistance message if supported by the network before implementing these restricted LTE mode techniques.

In various aspects, the power management stages discussed herein may be implemented in response to overheating and may effectively mitigate the overheating. As a result, however, in some cases, this may cause the current power management phase to cycle quickly between two or more power management phases. To reduce rapid cycling between two or more power management phases, one or more techniques based on temperature and/or time may be employed.

In one example, hysteresis based on temperature or power state may be employed, wherein for each power management phase, a transition from that power management phase to a next (e.g., more stringent, etc.) power management phase may be based on a first threshold (e.g., a first temperature, etc.) for the power state, and a reverse transition (a transition from the next power management phase to that power management phase) may be based on a second threshold lower than the first threshold (e.g., wherein each different pair of power management phases has a different pair of thresholds for transitioning). Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of an example of temperature-based hysteresis for reducing rapid cycling between two or more power management phases in accordance with various aspects discussed herein is shown. As can be seen in fig. 6, the transition from an earlier stage to a subsequent stage (e.g., stage 0 to stage 1 transition, stage 1 to stage 2 transition, etc.) (as shown by the solid-line vertical segments) may occur at a higher temperature than the transition in the opposite direction (as shown by the dashed-line vertical and horizontal segments). This may prevent rapid cycling between power management phases (e.g., such as where overheating causes a transition from phase 1 to phase 2, followed by rapid cooling at phase 2 due to reduced power usage causing a rapid transition back to phase 1, overheating causes a return to phase 2, etc.).

In another example, time-based techniques may be employed to reduce rapid cycling between power management phases. In one example time-based technique, the transition from a lower power management phase to a higher power management phase may occur based only on power states, but the transition from a higher power management phase to a lower power management phase may occur only after the associated power state has been maintained for at least a threshold time (e.g., x milliseconds/second, etc.), or only if the higher power management phase has been active for a threshold amount of time, etc.

Additionally, in some aspects, both time and temperature/superheat conditions may be employed as criteria to reduce rapid cycling between power management phases, or as a common criteria (e.g., where transitions based on both are satisfied) or alternative criteria (e.g., where transitions based on either are satisfied). For example, if a first temperature threshold is exceeded, a transition from a lower power management phase to the next higher power management phase may occur, while a reverse transition may occur only if the temperature remains below a second (lower) threshold for at least a threshold amount of time. As another example, if a first temperature threshold is exceeded, a transition from a lower power management stage to a next higher power management stage may occur, while if the temperature exceeds a second (lower) threshold or if the temperature remains below the first temperature threshold for at least a threshold amount of time, a reverse transition may occur.

Referring to fig. 7, a flow diagram of a second exemplary method or process 700 that can be employed at a UE that facilitates power management according to one of a plurality of power management stages in conjunction with one or more radio modems is illustrated in accordance with various aspects discussed herein. In other aspects, a machine-readable medium may store instructions associated with method 700 that, when executed, may cause a UE (e.g., employing system 400)_UE) The actions of method 700 are performed. While method 700 is provided as one particular exemplary aspect of the techniques discussed herein, it should be understood that other particular exemplary aspects may employ additional and/or alternative techniques.

At 710, power consumption and temperature may be monitored to determine a power budget and a power state relative to the power budget.

At 720, if the current power is within the power budget, the method 700 may restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature at 710.

At 730, if the UE is operating in an NR frequency range 2(mmWave) and/or employing one or more low power NR techniques may meet a power budget (e.g., as determined by the UE based on a current power budget and known or estimated power usage and/or power states associated with application of the one or more low power NR techniques, etc.), NR operation may be limited to FR1 and/or the one or more other low power NR techniques may be applied, and method 700 may restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature at 710.

At 740, if the power budget can be met (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with application of the one or more limited NR mode techniques (e.g., those discussed in connection with fig. 8A), etc.) employing one or more limited NR mode techniques (e.g., in accordance with fig. 8A, discussed below, as discussed further herein, etc.), the NR overhetingassistance IE can be transmitted to the serving base station (e.g., the gNB, eNB, etc.) if supported by the NW, the one or more limited NR techniques can be applied, and the method 700 can restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature at 710.

At 750, if the power budget can be met with the LTE-only mode (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with application of the LTE-only mode, etc.), the LTE-only mode can be applied (e.g., the NR operation deactivated, etc.), and the method 700 can restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature at 710.

At 760, if the power budget can be met (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with application of the one or more restricted LTE mode techniques, etc.) employing one or more restricted LTE mode techniques (e.g., in accordance with fig. 8B, discussed below, as discussed further herein, etc.), the LTE OverheatingAssistance IE can be transmitted to the serving base station (e.g., the gNB, eNB, etc.), the one or more restricted NR techniques can be applied, if supported by the NW, and the method 700 can restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature at 710.

At 770, if the power budget cannot be met with the one or more restricted LTE mode techniques (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with application of the one or more restricted LTE mode techniques, etc.), one or more additional power management phases may be employed (e.g., deactivating both LTE and NR, such as via an airplane mode, etc.), and method 700 may restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature at 710.

Additionally or alternatively, method 700 can include incorporation of a UE and/or system 400 herein_UEOne or more other acts described in various aspects of (a).

Referring to fig. 8A, a flow diagram of an example method or process 800 that can be employed at a UE that facilitates a restricted NR mode in accordance with various aspects discussed herein is illustrated. In other aspects, a machine-readable medium may store instructions associated with method 800, which when executed, may cause a UE (e.g., employing system 400)_UE) The actions of method 800 are performed. Although method 800 is provided as one particular exemplary aspect of employing a limited NR mode as discussed herein, it should be understood that otherCertain exemplary aspects may employ additional and/or alternative technologies.

At 810, if employing one NR CC can satisfy the power budget (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with an application using a single NR CC, etc.), the NR connection can be reduced to a single CC (e.g., a primary cell (PCell)), and method 700 (or a similar method of power management implementing method 800) can restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature (e.g., at 710 if the UE employs method 700).

At 820, if employing one spatial stream (e.g., MIMO layer) can satisfy the power budget (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with an application that uses a single NR CC and spatial stream, etc.), the NR connections can be reduced to a single CC (e.g., PCell) and a single spatial stream, and method 700 (or a similar method of power management implementing method 800) can restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature (e.g., at 710 if the UE employs method 700).

At 830, if employing one spatial stream (e.g., MIMO layer) cannot meet the power budget (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with an application that uses a single NRCC and spatial stream, etc.), the NR connection may be reduced to a single CC (e.g., PCell), a single spatial stream, and a minimum bandwidth portion (BWP) size, and method 700 (or a similar method of power management implementing method 800) may restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature (e.g., at 710 if the UE employs method 700).

Additionally or alternatively, method 800 can include incorporating a UE and/or system 400 herein_UEAnd one or more other actions described in the limited NR mode techniques.

Referring to fig. 8B, a flow diagram of an example method or process 850 that can be employed at a UE that facilitates restricted LTE mode in accordance with various aspects discussed herein is illustrated. In other aspects, a machine-readable medium may store instructions associated with method 850, which when executed, may cause a UE (e.g., employing system 400)_UE) The actions of method 850 are performed. Although the method 850 is provided as one particular exemplary aspect of employing a restricted LTE mode as discussed herein, it should be understood that other particular exemplary aspects may employ additional and/or alternative techniques.

At 860, if one LTE CC may be employed to meet the power budget (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with an application using a single LTE CC, etc.), the LTE connection may be reduced to a single CC (e.g., PCell), and method 700 (or a similar method of power management implementing method 850) may restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature (e.g., at 710 if the UE employs method 700).

At 870, if one LTE CC cannot be employed to meet the power budget (e.g., as determined by the UE in a manner similar to the determination at 730, but associated with an application using a single LTE CC, etc.), the LTE connection may be reduced to a single CC (e.g., PCell) and a single spatial stream, and method 700 (or a similar method of implementing power management of method 850) may restart, returning to monitoring power consumption and temperature (e.g., at 710 if the UE employs method 700).

Additionally or alternatively, method 850 can include incorporating a UE and/or system 400 herein_UEAnd one or more other actions described in the restricted LTE mode technology.

Additional embodiments

Examples herein may include subject matter, such as a method, an apparatus for performing the acts or blocks of the method, at least one machine readable medium comprising executable instructions that when executed by a machine (e.g., a processor with memory, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), etc.) cause the machine to perform the acts of the method or apparatus or system using concurrent communications using multiple communications technologies in accordance with the described aspects and examples.

Embodiment 1 is a processor of a User Equipment (UE), the processor comprising processing circuitry configured to: monitoring a temperature of the UE via one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE; determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE; selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and implementing one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage.

Embodiment 2 includes the subject matter of any variation of embodiment 1, wherein prior to implementing the one or more power management techniques, the processing circuitry is further configured to trigger a notification to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

Embodiment 3 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein the selected power management stage is a low power New Radio (NR) stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the low power NR stage include one or more of: limiting NR operation to frequency range 1, employing low power beam management, employing a reduced number of beams for beam tracking, performing power efficient beam selection, performing low power measurements, or applying a reduced bandwidth portion size for NR.

Embodiment 4 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the selected power management stage is a restricted New Radio (NR) mode stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted NR mode stage include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for NR, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for NR, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for NR, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for NR, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for NR, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for NR, or suspending data communication in NR.

Embodiment 5 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiment 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to generate the NR OverheatingAssistance message in response to the limited NR mode phase being selected and in response to determining that the NR OverheatingAssistance message is supported.

Embodiment 6 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the selected power management phase is a limited Long Term Evolution (LTE) mode phase, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the limited LTE mode phase include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for LTE, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for LTE, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for LTE, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for LTE, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for LTE, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for LTE, or suspending data communication in LTE.

Embodiment 7 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiment 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate the LTE OverheatingAssistance message in response to the restricted LTE mode phase being selected and in response to determining that an LTE OverheatingAssistance message is supported.

Embodiment 8 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the selected power management stage is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) only stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the LTE only stage include deactivating New Radio (NR) communication at the UE.

Embodiment 9 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management phase include deactivating New Radio (NR) communications at the UE and deactivating Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications at the UE.

Embodiment 10 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than a current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below a first threshold, the first threshold being below a second threshold associated with a transition from the selected power management stage to the current power management stage.

Embodiment 11 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than the current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below the first threshold for at least a threshold amount of time.

Embodiment 12 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the UE is simultaneously connected to two or more Radio Access Technologies (RATs) including a New Radio (NR) RAT and a Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT.

Embodiment 13 is a method comprising: monitoring a temperature of the UE via one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE; determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE; selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and implementing one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage.

Embodiment 14 includes the subject matter of any variation of embodiment 13, wherein prior to implementing the one or more power management techniques, the method further comprises triggering a notification to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

Embodiment 15 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 14, wherein the selected power management stage is a low power New Radio (NR) stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the low power NR stage include one or more of: limiting NR operation to frequency range 1, employing low power beam management, employing a reduced number of beams for beam tracking, performing power efficient beam selection, performing low power measurements, or applying a reduced bandwidth portion size for NR.

Embodiment 16 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 15, wherein the selected power management stage is a restricted New Radio (NR) mode stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted NR mode stage include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for NR, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for NR, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for NR, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for NR, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for NR, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for NR, or suspending data communication in NR.

Embodiment 17 includes the subject matter of any variation of any embodiment 16, further comprising generating the NR overheatingassistence message in response to the limited NR mode phase being selected and in response to determining that the NR overheatingassistence message is supported.

Embodiment 18 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 17, wherein the selected power management phase is a limited Long Term Evolution (LTE) mode phase, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the limited LTE mode phase include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for LTE, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for LTE, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for LTE, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for LTE, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for LTE, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for LTE, or suspending data communication in LTE.

Embodiment 19 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 18, further comprising generating an LTE OverheatingAssistance message in response to the restricted LTE mode phase being selected and in response to determining that the LTE OverheatingAssistance message is supported.

Embodiment 20 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 19, wherein the selected power management stage is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) only stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the LTE only stage include deactivating New Radio (NR) communication at the UE.

Embodiment 21 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 20, wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage include deactivating New Radio (NR) communications at the UE and deactivating Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications at the UE.

Embodiment 22 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 21, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than a current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below a first threshold, the first threshold being below a second threshold associated with a transition from the selected power management stage to the current power management stage.

Embodiment 23 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 13 to 22, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than the current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below the first threshold for at least a threshold amount of time.

Embodiment 24 is a User Equipment (UE), comprising: one or more temperature sensors; one or more processors configured to: monitoring a temperature of the UE via the one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE; determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE; selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and implementing one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage.

Embodiment 25 includes the subject matter of any variation of embodiment 24, wherein prior to implementing the one or more power management techniques, the one or more processors are further configured to trigger a notification to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

Embodiment 26 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 25, wherein the selected power management stage is a low power New Radio (NR) stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the low power NR stage include one or more of: limiting NR operation to frequency range 1, employing low power beam management, employing a reduced number of beams for beam tracking, performing power efficient beam selection, performing low power measurements, or applying a reduced bandwidth portion size for NR.

Embodiment 27 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 26, wherein the selected power management stage is a restricted New Radio (NR) mode stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted NR mode stage include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for NR, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for NR, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for NR, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for NR, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for NR, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for NR, or suspending data communication in NR.

Embodiment 28 includes the subject matter of any variation of embodiment 27, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate the NR OverheatingAssistance message in response to the limited NR mode phase being selected and in response to determining that the NR OverheatingAssistance message is supported.

Embodiment 29 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 28, wherein the selected power management phase is a limited Long Term Evolution (LTE) mode phase, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the limited LTE mode phase include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for LTE, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for LTE, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for LTE, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for LTE, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for LTE, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for LTE, or suspending data communication in LTE.

Embodiment 30 includes the subject matter of any variation of embodiment 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate an LTE OverheatingAssistance message in response to the restricted LTE mode phase being selected and in response to determining that the LTE OverheatingAssistance message is supported.

Embodiment 31 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 30, wherein the selected power management stage is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) only stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the LTE only stage include deactivating New Radio (NR) communication at the UE.

Embodiment 32 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 31, wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management phase include deactivating New Radio (NR) communications at the UE and deactivating Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications at the UE.

Embodiment 33 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 32, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than a current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below a first threshold, the first threshold being below a second threshold associated with a transition from the selected power management stage to the current power management stage.

Embodiment 34 includes the subject matter of any variation of any of embodiments 24 to 33, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than the current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below the first threshold for at least a threshold amount of time.

Embodiment 35 includes an apparatus comprising means for performing any of the operations described for embodiments 1-34.

Embodiment 36 includes a machine-readable medium storing instructions for execution by a processor to perform any of the operations described in embodiments 1 to 34.

Embodiment 37 includes an apparatus comprising: a memory interface; and processing circuitry configured to: any of the operations described in embodiments 1 to 34 are performed.

Embodiment 38 includes a User Equipment (UE) configured to perform any of the operations described in embodiments 1-34.

The above description of illustrated aspects of the subject disclosure, including what is described in the abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Although specific aspects and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are contemplated within the scope of such aspects and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.

In this regard, while the presently disclosed subject matter has been described in connection with various aspects and corresponding figures, it is to be understood that other similar aspects may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described aspects for performing the same, similar, alternative, or alternative function of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single aspect described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the following appended claims.

In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components or structures (assemblies, devices, circuits, systems, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a "means") used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component or structure which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary implementations. In addition, while a particular feature may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.

Claims (20)

1. A processor of a User Equipment (UE), comprising: a processing circuit configured to:

monitoring a temperature of the UE via one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE;

determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE;

selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and

one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage are implemented.

2. The processor of claim 1, wherein prior to implementing the one or more power management techniques, the processing circuit is further configured to trigger a notification to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

3. The processor of claim 1, wherein the selected power management stage is a low-power New Radio (NR) stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the low-power NR stage include one or more of: limiting NR operation to frequency range 1, employing low power beam management, employing a reduced number of beams for beam tracking, performing power efficient beam selection, performing low power measurements, or applying a reduced bandwidth portion size for NR.

4. The processor of claim 1, wherein the selected power management stage is a restricted New Radio (NR) mode stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted NR mode stage include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for NR, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for NR, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for NR, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for NR, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for NR, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for NR, or suspending data communication in NR.

5. The processor of claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to generate the NR overheatingAscistance message in response to the limited NR mode phase being selected and in response to a determination that the NR overheatingAscistance message is supported.

6. The processor of claim 1, wherein the selected power management phase is a restricted Long Term Evolution (LTE) mode phase, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted LTE mode phase include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for LTE, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for LTE, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for LTE, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for LTE, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for LTE, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for LTE, or suspending data communication in LTE.

7. The processor of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate the LTE overheatingAsistance message in response to the restricted LTE mode phase being selected and in response to determining that an LTE overheatingAsistance message is supported.

8. The processor of claim 1, wherein the UE is simultaneously connected to two or more Radio Access Technologies (RATs) including a New Radio (NR) RAT and a Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT.

9. A method, comprising:

monitoring a temperature of the UE via one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE;

determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE;

selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and

one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage are implemented.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein prior to implementing the one or more power management techniques, the method further comprises triggering a notification to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected power management stage is a low-power New Radio (NR) stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the low-power NR stage include one or more of: limiting NR operation to frequency range 1, employing low power beam management, employing a reduced number of beams for beam tracking, performing power efficient beam selection, performing low power measurements, or applying a reduced bandwidth portion size for NR.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected power management stage is a restricted New Radio (NR) mode stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted NR mode stage include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for NR, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for NR, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for NR, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for NR, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for NR, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for NR, or suspending data communication in NR.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than a current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below a first threshold, the first threshold being below a second threshold associated with a transition from the selected power management stage to the current power management stage.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected power management stage is a lower power management stage than a current power management stage, and wherein the selected power management stage is selected based at least in part on the determined power state being below the first threshold for at least a threshold amount of time.

15. A User Equipment (UE), comprising:

one or more temperature sensors;

one or more processors configured to:

monitoring a temperature of the UE via the one or more temperature sensors and monitoring power usage of the UE;

determining a power state of the UE based at least in part on the temperature of the UE and the power usage of the UE;

selecting a power management stage of a plurality of power management stages based at least in part on the determined power state; and

one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management stage are implemented.

16. The UE of claim 15, wherein prior to implementing the one or more power management techniques, the one or more processors are further configured to trigger a notification to alert a user that the processor is implementing the one or more power management techniques.

17. The UE of claim 15, wherein the selected power management stage is a low-power New Radio (NR) stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the low-power NR stage include one or more of: limiting NR operation to frequency range 1, employing low power beam management, employing a reduced number of beams for beam tracking, performing power efficient beam selection, performing low power measurements, or applying a reduced bandwidth portion size for NR.

18. The UE of claim 15, wherein the selected power management stage is a restricted New Radio (NR) mode stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the restricted NR mode stage include one or more of: employing a reduced number of Component Carriers (CCs) for NR, employing a reduced number of spatial streams for NR, reporting a reduced value in Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) for NR, employing one or more of Uplink (UL) throttling or transmission power limiting for NR, employing Downlink (DL) throttling for NR, reporting a value below an accurate value in Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) for NR, or suspending data communication in NR.

19. The UE of claim 15, wherein the selected power management stage is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) only stage, and wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the LTE only stage include deactivating New Radio (NR) communications at the UE.

20. The UE of claim 15, wherein the one or more power management techniques associated with the selected power management phase include deactivating New Radio (NR) communications at the UE and deactivating Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications at the UE.

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