CN113572532B - Active phase compensation method and device for optical fiber interference ring and quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
Active phase compensation method and device for optical fiber interference ring and quantum key distribution system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及量子通信技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法、装置和量子密钥分发系统。The present application relates to the technical field of quantum communication, and in particular, to a method and device for active phase compensation of an optical fiber interference loop, and a quantum key distribution system.
背景技术Background technique
通过量子密钥分发的方式进行保密通信具有基于物理规则的绝对安全性,是非常有前景的保密通信手段。现有技术中,在量子密钥分发领域多使用光纤作为信道进行通信,发明人在研究中发现,其中常用的相位编码方式因通信光纤所处环境的振动、温度变化等因素的影响,会导致携带信息的光量子相位产生漂移,导致误码。Confidential communication through quantum key distribution has absolute security based on physical rules, and is a very promising secure communication method. In the prior art, optical fibers are often used as channels for communication in the field of quantum key distribution. The inventor found in the research that the commonly used phase encoding method may cause vibration and temperature changes in the environment where the communication optical fiber is located. The phase of the light quantum that carries the information drifts, resulting in bit errors.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此,本申请的目的在于提供光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法、装置和量子密钥分发系统,以减少通信系统中因环境因素影响导致的相位漂移。In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method, device and quantum key distribution system for active phase compensation of optical fiber interference loops, so as to reduce the phase drift caused by the influence of environmental factors in the communication system.
第一方面,本申请提供一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法,应用于光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置,所述光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置包括干涉环和多个温度传感器,其中,所述干涉环包括基于光纤光路构成的第一臂和第二臂,各个温度传感器设于所述第一臂和所述第二臂上;待处理信号光经分束后分别进入所述第一臂和所述第二臂中;所述方法包括:In a first aspect, the present application provides an active phase compensation method for an optical fiber interference ring, which is applied to an active phase compensation device for an optical fiber interference ring. The active phase compensation device for an optical fiber interference ring includes an interference ring and a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein the interference The ring includes a first arm and a second arm formed based on an optical fiber path, and each temperature sensor is arranged on the first arm and the second arm; the signal light to be processed enters the first arm and the second arm respectively after being split into beams. in the second arm; the method includes:
基于所述温度传感器测量得到所述第一臂和所述第二臂上的预设测温点的实时温度;Obtaining the real-time temperature of the preset temperature measurement points on the first arm and the second arm based on the measurement of the temperature sensor;
根据所述第一臂和所述第二臂的初始温度和所述实时温度计算所述第一臂和所述第二臂之间的相位差值;calculating a phase difference value between the first arm and the second arm according to the initial temperature of the first arm and the second arm and the real-time temperature;
根据所述相位差值对所述第一臂或所述第二臂中的信号光进行相位补偿;performing phase compensation on the signal light in the first arm or the second arm according to the phase difference value;
将经过补偿的两路信号光耦合输出,以得到相位补偿后的信号光。The compensated two-way signal light is coupled and output to obtain the signal light after phase compensation.
在可选的实施方式中,所述基于所述温度传感器测量获得所述第一臂和所述第二臂上的预设测温点的实时温度的步骤之前,还包括:In an optional embodiment, before the step of obtaining the real-time temperature of the preset temperature measurement points on the first arm and the second arm based on the temperature sensor measurement, the method further includes:
调整所述第一臂和所述第二臂的臂长以使两臂的相位差达到预设相位差标准值,及测量得到所述第一臂和所述第二臂各自的初始臂长;Adjusting the arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm so that the phase difference between the two arms reaches a preset phase difference standard value, and measuring the respective initial arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm;
测量得到所述第一臂和所述第二臂在所述预设测温点的初始温度。The initial temperature of the first arm and the second arm at the preset temperature measurement point is obtained by measuring.
在可选的实施方式中,所述根据所述第一臂和所述第二臂的初始温度和所述实时温度计算所述第一臂和所述第二臂之间的相位差值的步骤,包括:In an optional embodiment, the step of calculating the phase difference value between the first arm and the second arm according to the initial temperature of the first arm and the second arm and the real-time temperature ,include:
根据所述第一臂和所述第二臂的初始温度和所述实时温度按照第一公式计算所述第一臂和所述第二臂的实时臂长;Calculate the real-time arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm according to the first formula according to the initial temperature and the real-time temperature of the first arm and the second arm;
根据所述第一臂和所述第二臂的实时臂长按照第二公式计算所述相位差值。The phase difference value is calculated according to the second formula according to the real-time arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm.
在可选的实施方式中,所述第一公式为:In an optional embodiment, the first formula is:
其中,α为所述光纤的热膨胀系数,Ta1为所述第一臂的实时温度,Ta0为所述第一臂的初始温度;Tb1为所述第二臂的实时温度,Tb0为所述第二臂的初始温度;La0为所述第一臂的初始臂长,Lb0为所述第二臂的初始臂长;La1为所述第一臂的实时臂长,Lb1为所述第二臂的实时臂长。where α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical fiber, T a1 is the real-time temperature of the first arm, T a0 is the initial temperature of the first arm; T b1 is the real-time temperature of the second arm, and T b0 is The initial temperature of the second arm; L a0 is the initial arm length of the first arm, L b0 is the initial arm length of the second arm; L a1 is the real-time arm length of the first arm, L b1 is the real-time arm length of the second arm.
在可选的实施方式中,所述第二公式为:In an optional embodiment, the second formula is:
其中,n为所述光纤纤芯的折射率,λ为所述待处理信号光的波长,为所述第一臂的相位差,为所述第二臂的相位差,为所述第一臂和所述第二臂之间的相位差;La0为所述第一臂的初始臂长,Lb0为所述第二臂的初始臂长;La1为所述第一臂的实时臂长,Lb1为所述第二臂的实时臂长。where n is the refractive index of the fiber core, λ is the wavelength of the signal light to be processed, is the phase difference of the first arm, is the phase difference of the second arm, is the phase difference between the first arm and the second arm; L a0 is the initial arm length of the first arm, L b0 is the initial arm length of the second arm; L a1 is the first arm length The real-time arm length of one arm, L b1 is the real-time arm length of the second arm.
在可选的实施方式中,所述干涉环为马赫曾德干涉环或法拉第迈克尔逊干涉环。In an optional embodiment, the interference ring is a Mach-Zehnder interference ring or a Faraday-Michelson interference ring.
第二方面,本申请提供一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置,包括:In a second aspect, the present application provides an optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device, comprising:
干涉环,所述干涉环包括第一臂和第二臂,用于对待处理信号光进行分束以得到两路信号光,所述两路信号光分别进入所述第一臂和所述第二臂中;an interference ring, the interference ring includes a first arm and a second arm, and is used for splitting the signal light to be processed to obtain two signal lights, and the two signal lights enter the first arm and the second arm respectively in the arm;
多个温度传感器,各个温度传感器设于所述第一臂和所述第二臂上,测量得到所述第一臂和所述第二臂上的预设测温点的实时温度;a plurality of temperature sensors, each temperature sensor is arranged on the first arm and the second arm, and measures the real-time temperature of the preset temperature measurement points on the first arm and the second arm;
处理器,所述处理器与所述多个温度传感器电性连接,用于根据所述第一臂和所述第二臂的初始温度和所述实时温度计算所述第一臂和所述第二臂之间的相位差值;a processor, which is electrically connected to the plurality of temperature sensors and configured to calculate the first arm and the second arm according to the initial temperature of the first arm and the second arm and the real-time temperature The phase difference between the two arms;
所述干涉环还用于根据所述相位差值对所述第一臂或所述第二臂中的信号光进行相位补偿,并将经过补偿的两路信号光耦合输出以得到相位补偿后的信号光。The interference ring is also used to perform phase compensation on the signal light in the first arm or the second arm according to the phase difference value, and couple the compensated two-way signal light to obtain the phase-compensated signal light. signal light.
在可选的实施方式中,所述干涉环包括通过光纤连接的分束器、耦合器和相位调制器,所述分束器用于对待处理信号光进行分束,所述耦合器用于将经过补偿的两路信号光耦合输出;所述相位调制器用于对所述干涉环中的信号光进行相位补偿;In an optional embodiment, the interference ring includes a beam splitter, a coupler and a phase modulator connected by an optical fiber, the beam splitter is used to split the signal light to be processed, and the coupler is used to split the compensated signal light. The two channels of signal light are coupled and output; the phase modulator is used to perform phase compensation on the signal light in the interference ring;
其中,所述分束器与所述耦合器之间的两条光纤光路分别作为所述第一臂和所述第二臂;所述相位调制器位于所述第一臂或第二臂上。Wherein, the two optical fiber paths between the beam splitter and the coupler serve as the first arm and the second arm respectively; the phase modulator is located on the first arm or the second arm.
在可选的实施方式中,还包括减震平台,所述干涉环安装于所述减震平台上。In an optional embodiment, a shock-absorbing platform is further included, and the interference ring is mounted on the shock-absorbing platform.
第三方面,本申请提供一种量子密钥分发系统,包括根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置。In a third aspect, the present application provides a quantum key distribution system, including the optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
本申请的实施例具有如下有益效果:The embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:
本申请实施例提供的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法、装置和量子密钥分发系统,采用定量的温度测量,间接得到由温度所引起的相位漂移参数,并将数据输送给相位调制器进行补偿。与现有技术中的通过外部电子控制系统耗费部分通信码元主动捕捉搜索相位漂移参数的方案相比,可以在不消耗更多码元进行监测的情况下完成对温度相位漂移的补偿;且不进行中断或时分复用的情况下完成补偿,有更高的成码率;所需电子设备均较为小型,便于集成为仪器进行使用。The optical fiber interference loop active phase compensation method, device, and quantum key distribution system provided by the embodiments of the present application adopt quantitative temperature measurement to indirectly obtain temperature-induced phase drift parameters, and transmit the data to the phase modulator for compensation. Compared with the solution in the prior art in which the external electronic control system consumes part of the communication symbols to actively capture and search for the phase drift parameter, the compensation for the temperature phase drift can be completed without consuming more symbols for monitoring; Compensation is completed in the case of interruption or time division multiplexing, which has a higher coding rate; the required electronic equipment is relatively small, which is easy to integrate as an instrument for use.
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合所附附图,作详细说明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the preferred embodiments are exemplified below, and are described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following drawings will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1示出了本申请实施例所提供的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法的流程图;FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for active phase compensation of an optical fiber interference ring provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2示出了本申请实施例所提供的一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置的结构示意图;FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图3示出了本申请实施例所提供的一种光纤干涉环中光纤位置和温度的关系示意图;FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between the position of the optical fiber and the temperature in an optical fiber interference ring provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图4示出了本申请实施例所提供的另一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法的流程图;FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of another method for active phase compensation of an optical fiber interference ring provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图5示出了本申请实施例所提供的又一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法的流程图。FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of still another method for active phase compensation of an optical fiber interference ring provided by an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例中附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围,而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only It is a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.
目前,现在的相位补偿方式主要有三类|,分别如下:At present, there are mainly three types of phase compensation methods, as follows:
(1)改进干涉环的结构来以适应的补偿相位漂移,通过光路结构的补偿,或利用法拉第镜等光学仪器,使得光路来完成自补偿。该种补偿方案目前可以有效地补偿由于双折射效应所引发的相位漂移,且无需外加电子控制系统,但目前常用的“Plug-and-Play”系统容易遭受特洛伊木马攻击。(1) The structure of the interference ring is improved to compensate the phase drift adaptively, and the optical path can complete self-compensation through the compensation of the optical path structure, or by using optical instruments such as Faraday mirrors. This compensation scheme can effectively compensate the phase shift caused by the birefringence effect without the need for an external electronic control system, but the currently commonly used "Plug-and-Play" system is vulnerable to Trojan horse attacks.
(2)被动补偿,通过良好的隔温措施和减震措施来降低温度变化造成的或者振动造成的应力导致的光纤相位漂移。然而,该种方法只能将相位漂移控制在一个较低值,从原理上不可能完全控制温度等物理量。(2) Passive compensation, through good temperature insulation measures and shock absorption measures to reduce the phase drift of the fiber caused by temperature changes or stress caused by vibration. However, this method can only control the phase drift to a low value, and it is impossible to completely control physical quantities such as temperature in principle.
(3)主动补偿,通过外部电子控制系统主动捕捉搜索相位漂移的参数并利用相位调制器进行补偿。该种方法可以较为准确的将相位的漂移值进行补偿,但需要耗费一部分的通信码元进行相位捕捉。(3) Active compensation, the parameters of the search phase drift are actively captured and compensated by the phase modulator through the external electronic control system. This method can more accurately compensate the drift value of the phase, but it needs to consume a part of the communication symbols for phase capture.
为此,本申请实施例提供了一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法、装置,可以以更少的成本带来相应的相位补偿效果等。下面通过实施例进行描述。To this end, the embodiments of the present application provide an active phase compensation method and device for an optical fiber interference ring, which can bring corresponding phase compensation effects and the like at a lower cost. The following description will be given by way of examples.
实施例1Example 1
请参照图1,本实施例中提供一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法,应用于光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置。Referring to FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides an active phase compensation method for an optical fiber interference ring, which is applied to an active phase compensation device for an optical fiber interference ring.
下面对该光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置进行说明。The optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device will be described below.
如图2所示,该光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置包括干涉环、多个温度传感器、处理器。其中,干涉环包括通过光纤连接的分束器、耦合器和相位调制器,将分束器与耦合器之间的两条光纤光路分别作为第一臂和第二臂;相位调制器位于第一臂或第二臂上。上述处理器与多个温度传感器电性连接。As shown in FIG. 2 , the optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device includes an interference ring, a plurality of temperature sensors, and a processor. The interference ring includes a beam splitter, a coupler and a phase modulator connected by an optical fiber, and the two optical fiber paths between the beam splitter and the coupler are used as the first arm and the second arm respectively; the phase modulator is located in the first arm. arm or second arm. The processor is electrically connected to a plurality of temperature sensors.
各个温度传感器设于第一臂和第二臂上,用于测量得到第一臂和第二臂上的预设测温点的实时温度。示范性地,上述各个温度传感器在第一臂和第二臂上按照一定的间隔分布,可选地,可以高密度地使用数字温度传感器以达到较高的空间分辨率,从而在温度场复杂的环境仍能实现高精度的测量。Each temperature sensor is arranged on the first arm and the second arm, and is used to measure and obtain the real-time temperature of the preset temperature measuring points on the first arm and the second arm. Exemplarily, the above temperature sensors are distributed at certain intervals on the first arm and the second arm. environment can still achieve high-precision measurement.
可选地,该光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置还包括减震平台,可将上述干涉环等装置安装于该减震平台上。Optionally, the optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device further includes a shock absorption platform, on which the above interference ring and other devices can be installed.
通常地,在相位编码的量子密钥分发过程中,温度变化对干涉环的影响远远大于机械振动,所引起的相位漂移占绝大部分,是导致通信系统中误码的主要因素,而振动引起的相位漂移可以通过较为简单的减震措施达到很好的控制。可以理解,通过良好的隔温措施和减震措施来降低温度变化造成的或者振动造成的应力导致的光纤相位漂移,在基于被动补偿的基础上再结合该主动相位补偿方法,可以使得相位补偿的效果更好。Generally, in the process of phase-encoded quantum key distribution, the influence of temperature change on the interference ring is far greater than that of mechanical vibration, and the phase drift caused by The induced phase shift can be well controlled by relatively simple damping measures. It can be understood that the phase drift of the optical fiber caused by temperature changes or stress caused by vibration can be reduced by good temperature insulation measures and shock absorption measures. On the basis of passive compensation, combined with the active phase compensation method, the phase compensation can be achieved. Better results.
基于上述的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置,下面对该光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法进行说明。Based on the above-mentioned active phase compensation device of the optical fiber interference ring, the active phase compensation method of the optical fiber interference ring will be described below.
待处理信号光经分束后分别进入第一臂和第二臂中。示范性地,待处理信号光经上述分束器后分为两个光路,分别进入干涉环的第一臂和第二臂。本实施例中的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法可以用于使用不同形式干涉环的通信方法中,可选地,上述干涉环可以采取马赫曾德(MZ,Mach-zehnder)干涉环或法拉第迈克尔逊(FM,Faraday-Michelson)干涉环的结构。例如,本实施例中的方法可以应用量子密钥分发系统中,上述待处理信号光可以是量子密钥分发系统中的待调制(Alice端)或待解调(Bob端)的信号光,进入干涉环部分后,待处理信号光分为两光路,分别进入上述干涉环的两臂。The signal light to be processed enters the first arm and the second arm respectively after beam splitting. Exemplarily, the signal light to be processed is divided into two optical paths after passing through the above-mentioned beam splitter, and enters the first arm and the second arm of the interference ring respectively. The optical fiber interference loop active phase compensation method in this embodiment can be used in communication methods using different forms of interference loops. (FM, Faraday-Michelson) Structure of interference rings. For example, the method in this embodiment can be applied to a quantum key distribution system, and the above-mentioned signal light to be processed may be the signal light to be modulated (Alice end) or to be demodulated (Bob end) in the quantum key distribution system. After the interference ring part, the signal light to be processed is divided into two optical paths, respectively entering the two arms of the interference ring.
步骤S110,基于温度传感器测量得到第一臂和第二臂上的预设测温点的实时温度。Step S110, obtaining the real-time temperature of the preset temperature measuring points on the first arm and the second arm based on the measurement of the temperature sensor.
示范性地,根据预设测温点在第一臂和第二臂上设置的位置不同,可以获得干涉环中不同位置的温度,即可以基于温度传感器测量得到光纤位置和温度的对应关系。如图3所示,实线为初始温度,虚线为实时温度,阴影区域为实时温度与初始温度的差值,其中,初始温度可以是在通信系统开始通信之前预先获得的干涉环中各预设测温点的温度,实时温度可以是开始通信后各个时刻测量得到的各预设测温点的温度。Exemplarily, according to the different positions of the preset temperature measuring points on the first arm and the second arm, the temperature at different positions in the interference ring can be obtained, that is, the corresponding relationship between the position of the optical fiber and the temperature can be obtained based on the measurement of the temperature sensor. As shown in FIG. 3 , the solid line is the initial temperature, the dotted line is the real-time temperature, and the shaded area is the difference between the real-time temperature and the initial temperature, wherein the initial temperature may be each preset temperature in the interference ring obtained in advance before the communication system starts communication The temperature of the temperature measurement point, the real-time temperature may be the temperature of each preset temperature measurement point measured at each moment after the communication is started.
上述预设测温点在第一臂和第二臂上密集分布,即可以按照一定的间隔分布,通常地,预设测温点的间隔越小即温度传感器分布得越密集,可获得的光纤位置和温度的对应关系越接近实际情况、越精确,因此,在实际实验操作中,上述预设测温点的间隔可以根据实验所需的测温精度和温度传感器的大小及成本等来确定。The above-mentioned preset temperature measurement points are densely distributed on the first arm and the second arm, that is, they can be distributed at certain intervals. Generally, the smaller the interval of the preset temperature measurement points, the more densely the temperature sensors are distributed, and the available optical fibers The closer the corresponding relationship between position and temperature is to the actual situation, the more accurate it is. Therefore, in the actual experimental operation, the interval of the above preset temperature measurement points can be determined according to the temperature measurement accuracy required by the experiment and the size and cost of the temperature sensor.
步骤S120,根据第一臂和第二臂的初始温度和实时温度计算第一臂和第二臂之间的相位差值。Step S120: Calculate the phase difference value between the first arm and the second arm according to the initial temperature and the real-time temperature of the first arm and the second arm.
示范性地,上述装置中的处理器可以根据温度传感器测量得到的第一臂和第二臂的初始温度和实时温度数据来计算第一臂和第二臂之间的相位差值。例如,温度传感器可以按照一定的时间频率采集实时温度数据发送至处理器,由处理器基于这些温度数据计算出两臂相较于初始温度的相位差值。其中,时间频率取决于系统的温度变化速率,以不进行被动补偿的通信系统为例,其温度稳定时间约为20ms,则采集频率不可低于50Hz。Exemplarily, the processor in the above device may calculate the phase difference value between the first arm and the second arm according to the initial temperature and real-time temperature data of the first arm and the second arm measured by the temperature sensor. For example, the temperature sensor can collect real-time temperature data at a certain time frequency and send it to the processor, and the processor can calculate the phase difference between the two arms compared to the initial temperature based on the temperature data. Among them, the time frequency depends on the temperature change rate of the system. Taking a communication system without passive compensation as an example, the temperature stabilization time is about 20ms, and the acquisition frequency cannot be lower than 50Hz.
示范性地,如图4所示,步骤S120可以包括:Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 4 , step S120 may include:
步骤S121,根据第一臂和第二臂的初始温度和实时温度按照第一公式计算第一臂和第二臂的实时臂长。Step S121: Calculate the real-time arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm according to the first formula according to the initial temperature and real-time temperature of the first arm and the second arm.
在上述装置的基础上,通过减震措施控制机械振动的影响后,振动造成的相位变化远远小于温度因素的影响,因此下面主要分析如何补偿温度变化造成的相位漂移。通常地,环境温度变化会造成光纤长度变化,即影响干涉环的光程发生变化,进而产生相位漂移,因此可以通过光纤长度变化来求出相位漂移。可以理解,若已知光纤的热膨胀系数和光纤各位置的温度变化,根据热膨胀公式可以得出光纤长度的变化。示范性地,可以由第一公式计算出干涉环其中一臂的实时臂长,其中,实时臂长为某时刻温度变化后的臂长。例如,可以将某位置的温度差值乘上预设测温点的间隔和热膨胀系数来得到某位置的臂长变化,将各个位置的臂长变化积分可以得到总的臂长变化,此时,第一公式可以表述为:On the basis of the above device, after the influence of mechanical vibration is controlled by shock absorption measures, the phase change caused by vibration is far less than the influence of temperature factors. Therefore, the following mainly analyzes how to compensate the phase drift caused by temperature change. Generally, the change of the ambient temperature will cause the change of the fiber length, that is, the optical path of the interference ring will change, and then the phase shift will be generated. Therefore, the phase shift can be obtained by the change of the fiber length. It can be understood that if the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical fiber and the temperature change of each position of the optical fiber are known, the change of the optical fiber length can be obtained according to the thermal expansion formula. Exemplarily, the real-time arm length of one of the arms of the interference ring can be calculated by the first formula, where the real-time arm length is the arm length after the temperature changes at a certain moment. For example, the temperature difference at a certain position can be multiplied by the interval and thermal expansion coefficient of the preset temperature measurement points to obtain the arm length change at a certain position, and the total arm length change can be obtained by integrating the arm length changes at each position. The first formula can be expressed as:
其中,α为光纤的热膨胀系数,Ta1为第一臂的实时温度,Ta0为第一臂的初始温度;Tb1为第二臂的实时温度,Tb0为第二臂的初始温度;La0为第一臂的初始臂长,Lb0为第二臂的初始臂长,La1为第一臂的实时臂长,Lb1为第二臂的实时臂长。其中,初始臂长通过预先测量获得。where α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber, T a1 is the real-time temperature of the first arm, T a0 is the initial temperature of the first arm; T b1 is the real-time temperature of the second arm, T b0 is the initial temperature of the second arm; L a0 is the initial arm length of the first arm, L b0 is the initial arm length of the second arm, L a1 is the real-time arm length of the first arm, and L b1 is the real-time arm length of the second arm. Among them, the initial arm length is obtained by pre-measurement.
可以理解,基于光纤位置和温度的对应关系,可以根据获得的实时温度和初始温度按照上述公式计算得出实时臂长,从而得到臂长的变化。由上述预设测温点的设置可知,当按照上述第一公式进行积分计算时,当预设测温点的间隔足够小并满足实验精度的要求时,可以基于如图3所示的光纤位置和温度的对应关系,根据获得的各位置的温度变化及初始臂长来计算得出实时臂长。It can be understood that, based on the correspondence between the position of the optical fiber and the temperature, the real-time arm length can be calculated according to the above formula according to the obtained real-time temperature and initial temperature, so as to obtain the change of the arm length. It can be seen from the settings of the above preset temperature measurement points that when the integral calculation is performed according to the above first formula, when the interval of the preset temperature measurement points is small enough and meets the requirements of the experimental accuracy, the position of the optical fiber as shown in Figure 3 can be used. The corresponding relationship between temperature and temperature, the real-time arm length is calculated according to the obtained temperature change at each position and the initial arm length.
步骤S122,根据第一臂和第二臂的实时臂长按照第二公式计算第一臂和第二臂之间的相位差值。Step S122: Calculate the phase difference value between the first arm and the second arm according to the second formula according to the real-time arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm.
通常地,若干涉环两臂的臂长不相等,则因固有的不对称性干涉环有常量相位差,若干涉环两臂臂长相等,则常量相位差为零。这里将以臂长相等的情况为例,由于温度对两臂长度带来的改变可能不同,示范性地,可以由第二公式计算得出干涉环中发生干涉的两个信号光的相位差,第二公式为:Generally, if the arm lengths of the two arms of the interference ring are not equal, the interference ring has a constant phase difference due to the inherent asymmetry. If the two arms of the interference ring have the same length, the constant phase difference is zero. Here, the case where the arm lengths are equal will be taken as an example. Since the changes caused by the temperature to the lengths of the two arms may be different, for example, the phase difference between the two signal lights that interfere in the interference ring can be calculated from the second formula, The second formula is:
其中,n为光纤纤芯的折射率,λ为待处理信号光的波长,为第一臂的相位差,为第二臂的相位差,为第一臂和第二臂之间的相位差。where n is the refractive index of the fiber core, λ is the wavelength of the signal light to be processed, is the phase difference of the first arm, is the phase difference of the second arm, is the phase difference between the first arm and the second arm.
而对于第一臂的相位差,示范性地,第一臂由温度变化所引起的相位漂移值可以通过以下第三公式进行计算:As for the phase difference of the first arm, for example, the phase drift value of the first arm caused by the temperature change can be calculated by the following third formula:
同理,第二臂由温度变化所引起的相位漂移值可以通过以下第四公式进行计算:Similarly, the phase shift value of the second arm caused by temperature changes can be calculated by the following fourth formula:
进一步地,由第四公式和第五公式可以得出,温度变化引起的两臂相位差也可以通过以下公式进行计算:Further, from the fourth formula and the fifth formula, it can be concluded that the phase difference between the two arms caused by the temperature change can also be calculated by the following formula:
通常地,当信号光波长、光纤材料、干涉环臂长、通信未开始时标定的初始温度以及通信时某时刻干涉环各点温度即实时温度已知时,可通过上述公式求出任一时刻两臂由温度漂移引起的相位偏差。可以理解,除了某时刻的各点温度即实时温度以外,上述其他物理量在通信开始时均为确定值,可以将该计算得到的相位差值以电压的形式输入相位调制器后,即可完成对光纤相位漂移的补偿。Generally, when the wavelength of the signal light, the fiber material, the arm length of the interference ring, the initial temperature calibrated when the communication is not started, and the temperature of each point of the interference ring during the communication, that is, the real-time temperature, can be obtained by the above formula. Phase deviation of the arms due to temperature drift. It can be understood that, except for the real-time temperature of each point at a certain moment, the other physical quantities mentioned above are all definite values at the beginning of communication. After the calculated phase difference value can be input into the phase modulator in the form of voltage, the matching can be completed. Compensation of fiber phase drift.
步骤S130,根据相位差值对第一臂或第二臂中的信号光进行相位补偿。Step S130, phase compensation is performed on the signal light in the first arm or the second arm according to the phase difference value.
示范性地,处理器按上述方法完成两臂相位差值的计算后,可以根据计算得到的两臂相位差值,产生相对应的电压控制信号,并将该电压控制信号传输至相位调制器,由相位调制器完成对该通信系统中温度变化所引起的相位漂移值的补偿。其中,上述装置中的相位调制器可以位于第一臂或第二臂上,可以理解,根据线性电光效应,相位调制器的有效折射率与外部加载的电压成线性变化,即可以通过改变施加在相位调制器上的驱动电压来改变通过相位调制器的光的折射率从而实现光的相位调制。此外,当相位调制器设置的位置不同时,处理器的控制算法可以根据需求相对应地进行修改。Exemplarily, after the processor completes the calculation of the phase difference between the two arms according to the above method, it can generate a corresponding voltage control signal according to the calculated phase difference between the two arms, and transmit the voltage control signal to the phase modulator, Compensation for phase drift values caused by temperature changes in the communication system is accomplished by the phase modulator. Wherein, the phase modulator in the above device can be located on the first arm or the second arm. It can be understood that, according to the linear electro-optic effect, the effective refractive index of the phase modulator changes linearly with the externally loaded voltage, that is, it can be applied to the The drive voltage on the phase modulator changes the refractive index of the light passing through the phase modulator to achieve phase modulation of the light. In addition, when the positions of the phase modulators are different, the control algorithm of the processor can be modified accordingly according to requirements.
步骤S140,将经过补偿的两路信号光耦合输出,以得到相位补偿后的信号光。In step S140, the two channels of signal light after compensation are coupled and outputted to obtain signal light after phase compensation.
示范性地,待处理信号光经分束器后分为两路光信号光,分别进入第一臂和第二臂,然后两路信号光经上述装置中的耦合器输出,当通信后相位补偿装置开始工作后,可以由耦合器输出得到相位补偿后的信号光。Exemplarily, the signal light to be processed is divided into two paths of optical signal light after passing through the beam splitter, and enters the first arm and the second arm respectively, and then the two paths of signal light are output through the coupler in the above device, and the phase compensation is performed after the communication. After the device starts to work, the phase-compensated signal light can be output from the coupler.
通常地,制作干涉环时的环境温度时和通信时可能不同,因而会导致光纤干涉环在通信开始前的相位差并不是预设标准相位差,因此通信前需要对干涉环的相位差进行校准。Usually, the ambient temperature when the interference ring is made may be different from that during communication, so that the phase difference of the optical fiber interference ring before the communication starts is not the preset standard phase difference, so the phase difference of the interference ring needs to be calibrated before communication. .
在一种实施方式中,如图5所示,步骤S110之前还包括:In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 , before step S110, it further includes:
步骤S111,调整第一臂和第二臂的臂长以使两臂的相位差达到预设相位差标准值,及测量得到第一臂和第二臂各自的初始臂长。Step S111 , adjusting the arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm so that the phase difference between the two arms reaches a preset phase difference standard value, and measuring the respective initial arm lengths of the first arm and the second arm.
步骤S112,测量得到第一臂和第二臂在预设测温点的初始温度。Step S112, measuring the initial temperature of the first arm and the second arm at the preset temperature measurement point.
在实际实验环境中,通过调节臂长较难精确地使相位差达到预设相位差标准值,示范性地,可以通过臂长进行粗调,每调节一次臂长都记录一段温度数据和相位差数据,直至出现预设相位差标准值,此时可以固定臂长即得到初始臂长。与初始臂长对应的温度数据作为初始温度,用于求出通信后的环境温度变化。In the actual experimental environment, it is difficult to accurately make the phase difference reach the preset phase difference standard value by adjusting the arm length. Exemplarily, the arm length can be used for coarse adjustment, and each time the arm length is adjusted, a segment of temperature data and phase difference are recorded. Data until the preset phase difference standard value appears, at this time, the arm length can be fixed to obtain the initial arm length. The temperature data corresponding to the initial arm length is used as the initial temperature to obtain the environmental temperature change after communication.
本申请实施例提供的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿方法基于温度的测量,通过测得的温度由处理器计算出相应需要补偿的相位,从而向相位调制器发送对应补偿电压完成相位补偿的方法,由温度所引起的相位漂移参数是间接得到的,可以在不消耗更多码元进行监测的情况下完成对温度相位漂移的补偿;并且在不进行中断或时分复用的情况下完成补偿,有更高的成码率。此外,本实施例中的方法所需电子设备均较为小型,便于集成为仪器进行使用。The optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation method provided by the embodiment of the present application is based on the measurement of temperature. The processor calculates the corresponding phase that needs to be compensated based on the measured temperature, so as to send the corresponding compensation voltage to the phase modulator to complete the phase compensation method. The phase drift parameters caused by temperature are obtained indirectly, and the compensation for the temperature phase drift can be completed without consuming more symbols for monitoring; and the compensation can be completed without interruption or time division multiplexing. High bit rate. In addition, the electronic equipment required by the method in this embodiment is relatively small, which is convenient to be integrated into an instrument for use.
实施例2Example 2
请参照图2,本申请提供一种光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置,包括干涉环、多个温度传感器、处理器。其中,干涉环包括第一臂和第二臂,用于对待处理信号光进行分束以得到两路信号光,两路信号光分别进入第一臂和第二臂中。Referring to FIG. 2 , the present application provides an optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device, which includes an interference ring, a plurality of temperature sensors, and a processor. Wherein, the interference ring includes a first arm and a second arm for splitting the signal light to be processed to obtain two signal lights, and the two signal lights enter the first arm and the second arm respectively.
各个温度传感器设于第一臂和第二臂上,测量得到第一臂和第二臂上的预设测温点的实时温度。Each temperature sensor is arranged on the first arm and the second arm, and measures the real-time temperature of the preset temperature measuring points on the first arm and the second arm.
处理器与多个温度传感器电性连接,用于根据第一臂和第二臂的初始温度和实时温度计算第一臂和第二臂之间的相位差值。The processor is electrically connected with a plurality of temperature sensors for calculating the phase difference value between the first arm and the second arm according to the initial temperature and the real-time temperature of the first arm and the second arm.
干涉环还用于根据相位差值对第一臂或第二臂中的信号光进行相位补偿,并将经过补偿的两路信号光耦合输出以得到相位补偿后的信号光。The interference ring is also used to perform phase compensation on the signal light in the first arm or the second arm according to the phase difference value, and couple out the compensated two-way signal light to obtain the signal light after phase compensation.
在一种实施方式中,干涉环包括通过光纤连接的分束器、耦合器和相位调制器,分束器用于对待处理信号光进行分束,耦合器用于将经过补偿的两路信号光耦合输出;相位调制器用于对干涉环中的信号光进行相位补偿。其中,分束器与耦合器之间的两条光纤光路分别作为第一臂和第二臂;相位调制器位于第一臂或第二臂上。In one embodiment, the interference ring includes a beam splitter, a coupler and a phase modulator connected by an optical fiber, the beam splitter is used for splitting the signal light to be processed, and the coupler is used for coupling out the compensated two-way signal light ; The phase modulator is used for phase compensation of the signal light in the interference ring. Wherein, the two optical fiber paths between the beam splitter and the coupler are used as the first arm and the second arm respectively; the phase modulator is located on the first arm or the second arm.
可选地,上述相位补偿装置还包括减震平台,干涉环安装于减震平台上。可以理解,本实施例的装置对应于上述实施例1的方法,上述实施例1中的可选项同样适用于本实施例,故在此不再重复描述。Optionally, the above-mentioned phase compensation device further includes a shock absorbing platform, and the interference ring is mounted on the shock absorbing platform. It can be understood that the apparatus of this embodiment corresponds to the method of the foregoing Embodiment 1, and the options in the foregoing Embodiment 1 are also applicable to this embodiment, so the description is not repeated here.
本申请还提供了一种量子密钥分发系统,包括根据前述实施方式中任一项的光纤干涉环主动相位补偿装置。The present application also provides a quantum key distribution system, comprising the optical fiber interference ring active phase compensation device according to any one of the foregoing embodiments.
本申请实施例所提供的装置,其实现原理及产生的技术效果和前述方法实施例相同,为简要描述,装置实施例部分未提及之处,可参考前述方法实施例中相应内容。所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,前述描述的系统、装置的具体工作过程,均可以参考上述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。The implementation principles and technical effects of the devices provided in the embodiments of the present application are the same as those in the foregoing method embodiments. For brief description, for the parts not mentioned in the device embodiments, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing method embodiments. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system and device described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
在本申请所提供的实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,又例如,多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些通信接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated. to another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented. On the other hand, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some communication interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
另外,在本申请提供的实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments provided in this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释,此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so that once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures, Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
最后应说明的是:以上实施例,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制,本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改、变化或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例技术方案的精神和范围。都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific implementations of the present application, and are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them. The protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, although with reference to the foregoing embodiments The application has been described in detail, and those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can still modify or modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in this application. Changes are easily thought of, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. All should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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