CN113567844A - High-voltage circuit breaker state diagnosis method and vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber structure - Google Patents
High-voltage circuit breaker state diagnosis method and vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113567844A CN113567844A CN202110653189.4A CN202110653189A CN113567844A CN 113567844 A CN113567844 A CN 113567844A CN 202110653189 A CN202110653189 A CN 202110653189A CN 113567844 A CN113567844 A CN 113567844A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage circuit breaker state diagnosis method and a vacuum arc extinguish chamber structure, which solve the problems of huge data volume and excessive monitoring process and testing workload of the prior art, wherein the problems comprise that the characteristic information generated by a moving contact in a vacuum deactivation chamber when a high-voltage circuit breaker breaks down is simulated through simulation software; associating the corresponding characteristic information with the fault to generate a fault sample database; the method comprises the following steps that a sensor is utilized to periodically acquire information of a moving contact of a high-voltage circuit breaker during working; matching and comparing the acquired data with a fault sample database; and the high-voltage circuit breaker state can be diagnosed by screening through a clustering algorithm. The invention can simplify the monitoring program of data, is convenient for operation and monitoring, and can prejudge the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the value d so as to improve the safety index of the power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-voltage circuit breakers, in particular to a high-voltage circuit breaker state diagnosis method and a vacuum arc extinguishing structure.
Background
High voltage circuit breakers are important protection and control devices in power systems, and the performance of high voltage circuit breakers directly or indirectly affects the reliability and stability of power systems. The control is to add or withdraw a part of electrical equipment or lines into an operating state and convert the operating state into a standby state or a maintenance state, the protection function is to protect the breaker through a relay and an automatic device when the equipment has a fault, cut off the fault part from a power grid and protect the normal operation of the power grid, so that the function of a normally-working high-voltage breaker in the power grid is very important, and the diagnosis of the state of the high-voltage breaker is very important to ensure the stable and normal operation of the high-voltage breaker at any time.
For example, a method for detecting and diagnosing the state of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on big data technology disclosed in the chinese patent document, which is disclosed in the publication No. CN111289888A, includes a) simulating the fault of the high-voltage circuit breaker by a high-voltage circuit breaker fault simulation apparatus, and recording the detection data of the high-voltage circuit breaker during the fault occurrence process as reference detection data; B) carrying out secondary loop detection, loop resistance test and mechanical characteristic test on the high-voltage circuit breaker to be detected to obtain real-time detection data; C) and comparing the real-time detection data with the reference detection data, and if the difference between the real-time detection data and the reference detection data is smaller than a set threshold value, judging that the high-voltage circuit breaker corresponding to the real-time detection data has a fault. The diagnostic method needs huge monitoring data volume and excessive monitoring process and testing workload.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem of huge monitoring data volume in the prior art, and provides a high-voltage circuit breaker state diagnosis method and a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber structure, which can realize the diagnosis of the high-voltage circuit breaker state by capturing the stroke characteristic of a moving contact.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for diagnosing the state of a high-voltage circuit breaker comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating characteristic information generated by a moving contact in a vacuum deactivation chamber when the high-voltage circuit breaker fails through simulation software;
s2: associating the corresponding characteristic information with the fault to generate a fault sample database;
s3: the method comprises the following steps that a sensor is utilized to periodically acquire information of a moving contact of a high-voltage circuit breaker during working;
s4: matching and comparing the acquired data with a fault sample database;
s5: and the high-voltage circuit breaker state can be diagnosed by screening through a clustering algorithm.
In the closing process of the high-voltage circuit breaker, particularly when short-circuit current is closed, contact fusion welding can be generated; when the moving contact and the static contact are switched off in an electrified way under the action of the operating mechanism, the gap between the contacts burns vacuum electric arcs and extinguishes the electric arcs when the current crosses zero; the high temperature action of the electric arc burns or deforms the surface of the contact to cause the electrical abrasion of the contact, so that more hidden mechanical faults can be found by analyzing the stroke characteristic change of the moving contact, and the possible faults can be predicted.
Preferably, the characteristics generated in S1 mainly include the stroke characteristic and speed of the movable contact, and the resistance value of the contact resistance.
Preferably, the opening and closing action of the moving contact is driven by an operating mechanism, and the operating mechanism is a spring operating mechanism.
When the switch is switched on, the operating mechanism continues to advance for a certain distance after the surfaces of the contacts are contacted, so that the contact pressure between the contacts is increased, and certain pressure and contact resistance between the contacts are ensured.
Preferably, the moving contact comprises a moving contact trigger circuit, the trigger circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a power supply Vcc, an optocoupler U1, an operational amplifier U2, a power supply Vdd, and a trigger switch K1, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the contact 3 of the start switch K1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply Vcc, the contact 2 of the trigger switch is connected to the positive pole of the transmitter of the optocoupler U1, the negative pole of the transmitter of the optocoupler U1 is grounded, the receiving end E of the optocoupler U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the negative pole of the input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the ground, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and the positive pole of the input end of the operational amplifier U2, the receiving end C of the coupler U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the power supply Vdd and the positive pole of the operational amplifier U2, the negative power supply end of the operational amplifier U2 is grounded, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the main control board of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
Preferably, the profile coefficient formula for the individual sample i in the clustering algorithm in S5 is as follows:
in the formula, SiIs the contour coefficient of the sample, aiIs the average distance of sample i to other points of the same class, biThe average distance from the sample i to the samples in the nearest different categories;
the formula for calculating the degree of torsion is:
in the formula, X representsDistribution of points, p denotes the dimension of each point, Γ denotes the covariance matrix between X and each dimension, c1,…,cKK cluster centers are indicated and d represents the degree of torsion.
Preferably, the contact resistance R includes a pinch resistance RsAnd a sheet resistance RvFilm resistance RvResistance due to a film covering the contact surface of the contact component, shrinkage resistance RsThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, r0The method is characterized in that the shrinkage resistance value at room temperature is obtained, beta is a resistance temperature coefficient, u is the depressurization of a contact part, rho is a contact material resistance coefficient, tau is a heat conductivity coefficient of a contact material, and T is the dimension of the contact part.
The relational expression of the three is as follows:
R＝Rs+Rv
wherein R is contact resistance, RsTo shrink the resistance, RvIs a sheet resistance.
Solving the value of the torsion degree d through a clustering algorithm, comparing the value with the value in a fault sample database, and if d is not more than d0Judging the high-voltage circuit breaker to be normal if d is larger than d0The high voltage circuit breaker is judged to be short-circuited.
A vacuum arc extinguish chamber structure comprises a moving contact, a fixed contact, an insulating shell, a movable conducting rod, a static conducting rod, a corrugated pipe and a shielding cover, wherein the insulating shell wraps all parts on the outermost side, one end of the corrugated pipe is fixedly connected to one end face of the insulating shell, the other end of the corrugated pipe is connected to the movable conducting rod, the moving contact is welded to one end of the movable conducting rod, the fixed contact is arranged on the moving contact and connected through the movement of the moving contact, the fixed contact is welded to one end of the static conducting rod, the other end of the static conducting rod is connected with the insulating shell, and the shielding cover is arranged around the moving contact and the fixed contact.
Preferably, the movable contact is a longitudinal magnetic field coil type contact structure.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the data monitoring program can be simplified, and the operation and the monitoring are convenient;
2. the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker can be judged in advance according to the value d, so that the safety index of the power system is improved;
3. the time of data comparison is saved through a clustering algorithm, and the efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a movable contact triggering circuit of the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum interrupter of the present embodiment.
In the figure: 1. the moving contact 2, the static contact 3, the insulating casing 4, move the conducting rod 5, the static conducting rod 6, bellows 7, shield cover.
Detailed Description
The present embodiment is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a moving contact trigger circuit, when a high-voltage circuit breaker performs a switching-on or switching-off action, a lower computer starts to collect the signals of the above paths and sends the signals to an upper computer, and a trigger circuit is a circuit for generating the control signal; when the switch is switched on or switched off, the corresponding contact in the control loop can act, so that the state of one auxiliary contact in the control loop can be sampled; when the high-voltage circuit breaker is switched on, the normally open contact is closed, the sampling circuit is triggered to output a negative pulse, the negative pulse is used as the sampling starting moment and is combined with the fault state of the high-voltage circuit breaker to generate a sample database d0(ii) a The profile coefficient formula for an individual sample i is:
in the formula, SiIs the contour coefficient of the sample, aiIs the average distance of sample i to other points of the same class, biThe average distance from the sample i to the samples in the nearest different categories;
the formula for calculating the degree of torsion is:
where X represents the distribution of all points, p represents the dimension of each point, Γ represents the covariance matrix between X and each dimension, c1,…,cKK cluster centers are indicated and d represents the degree of torsion.
The torsion degree d and d in a fault sample database0Is compared if d is less than or equal to d0Judging the high-voltage circuit breaker to be normal if d is larger than d0Judging the short circuit of the high-voltage circuit breaker; according to the multiple statistics of the past data test system, setting d0Is 1.65.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber in this embodiment, including a moving contact 1, a static contact 2, an insulating housing 3, a moving conductive rod 4, a static conductive rod 5, a corrugated pipe 6 and a shielding cover 7, where the insulating housing 3 wraps all parts on the outermost side, one end of the corrugated pipe 6 is fixedly connected to one end surface of the insulating housing 3, and the other end is connected to the moving conductive rod 4, the moving contact 1 is welded to one end of the moving conductive rod 4, the static contact 2 is on the moving contact 1 and is connected through the movement of the moving contact 1, the static contact 2 is welded to one end of the static conductive rod 5, the other end of the static conductive rod 5 is connected to the insulating housing 3, and the shielding cover 7 is disposed around the moving contact 1 and the static contact 2.
The contact of the vacuum circuit breaker is only divided into a simple moving contact and a fixed contact. The deterioration state and the current carrying state of the movable contact of the circuit breaker can be evaluated by measuring the contact resistance of the circuit breaker, and the burning loss condition of the contact is judged.
The contact resistance R includes a contraction resistance RsAnd a sheet resistance RvFilm resistance RvResistance due to a film covering the contact surface of the contact component, shrinkage resistance RsThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, r0The resistance value of the shrinkage resistor at room temperature, beta is the temperature coefficient of the resistor, u is the voltage drop of the contact part, and rho is the connectionThe contact material resistivity, τ is the thermal conductivity of the contact material, and τ is the dimension of the contact site.
The relational expression of the three is as follows:
R＝Rs+Rv
wherein R is contact resistance, RsTo shrink the resistance, RvIs a sheet resistance.
When the switch is switched on, the operating mechanism continues to move forward for a certain distance after the contact surfaces of the contacts are contacted, and the contact spring is compressed, so that the contact pressure between the contacts is increased, and certain contact pressure and contact resistance between the contacts are ensured. The moving contact and the static contact collide violently under the action of the contact pressure of the operating mechanism, and the contact resistance of the contact is influenced while the material of the contact is damaged. If the contact resistance increases and the burning loss between the contacts exceeds a predetermined amount, the contacts generate heat during normal through-flow, and weld or even explode when the short-circuit current is cut off. Therefore, the calculation of the resistance value of the contact resistor is an important factor for judging the service life of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
The working process of the invention is as follows: simulating characteristic information generated by a moving contact in a vacuum deactivation chamber when a high-voltage circuit breaker fails through simulation software, associating the corresponding characteristic information with the failure to generate a failure sample database, periodically acquiring information of the moving contact of the high-voltage circuit breaker during working by using a sensor, matching and comparing the acquired data with the failure sample database, and comparing the degree of torsion d with d in the failure sample database through a clustering algorithm0Is compared if d is less than or equal to d0Judging the high-voltage circuit breaker to be normal if d is larger than d0The high voltage circuit breaker is judged to be short-circuited.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent transformation, improvement, etc. made in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for diagnosing the state of a high-voltage circuit breaker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: simulating characteristic information generated by a moving contact (1) in a vacuum deactivation chamber when the high-voltage circuit breaker fails through simulation software;
s2: associating the corresponding characteristic information with the fault to generate a fault sample database;
s3: the method comprises the following steps that a sensor is utilized to periodically acquire information of a moving contact of a high-voltage circuit breaker during working;
s4: matching and comparing the acquired data with a fault sample database;
s5: and the high-voltage circuit breaker state can be diagnosed by screening through a clustering algorithm.
2. The method for diagnosing the condition of a high voltage circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristics generated in S1 mainly include the stroke characteristics and speed of the moving contact (1), and the resistance value of the contact resistance.
3. The method for diagnosing the state of a high-voltage circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening and closing action of said movable contact (1) is driven by an operating mechanism, said operating mechanism being a spring operating mechanism.
4. The method for diagnosing the state of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the movable contact (1) comprises a movable contact trigger circuit, the trigger circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a power supply Vcc, an optocoupler U1, an operational amplifier U2, a power supply Vdd and a trigger switch K1, one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the contact 3 of the start switch K1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the power supply Vcc, a contact 2 of the trigger switch is connected with the positive pole of the transmitter of the optocoupler U1, the negative pole of the transmitter of the optocoupler U1 is grounded, the E pole of the receiving end of the optocoupler U1 is connected with one end of the resistor R2 and the negative pole of the input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the resistor R4 and the ground, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with one end of the resistor R3 and the input end of the positive pole of the operational amplifier U2, and the C pole of the receiving end of the coupler U1 is connected with the receiving end of the resistor R3, The power supply Vdd is connected with the positive power supply end of the operational amplifier U2, the negative power supply end of the operational amplifier U2 is grounded, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the main control board of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the profile coefficient formula for the individual sample i in the clustering algorithm in S5 is as follows:
in the formula, SiIs the contour coefficient of the sample, aiIs the average distance of sample i to other points of the same class, biThe average distance from the sample i to the samples in the nearest different categories;
the formula for calculating the degree of torsion is:
where X represents the distribution of all points, p represents the dimension of each point, Γ represents the covariance matrix between X and each dimension, c1,…,cKRepresenting K clustering centers, d representing the degree of torsion;
the method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the contact resistance R comprises a pinch resistance RsAnd a sheet resistance RvFilm resistance RvResistance due to a film covering the contact surface of the contact component, shrinkage resistance RsThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, r0The method is characterized in that the shrinkage resistance value at room temperature is obtained, beta is a resistance temperature coefficient, u is the depressurization of a contact part, rho is a contact material resistance coefficient, tau is a heat conductivity coefficient of a contact material, and T is the dimension of the contact part.
6. The relational expression of the three is as follows:
R＝Rs+Rv
wherein R is contact resistance, RsTo shrink the resistance, RvIs a sheet resistance.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the value of the degree of torsion d is calculated by clustering algorithm, and compared with the value in the fault sample database, if d is less than or equal to d0Judging the high-voltage circuit breaker to be normal if d is larger than d0The high voltage circuit breaker is judged to be short-circuited.
8. A vacuum interrupter structure using the method for diagnosing the state of a high voltage circuit breaker according to claim 1, the novel corrugated pipe type static contact device is characterized by comprising a movable contact (1), a static contact (2), an insulating shell (3), a movable conducting rod (4), a static conducting rod (5), a corrugated pipe (6) and a shielding cover (7), wherein the insulating shell (3) wraps all parts on the outermost side, one end of the corrugated pipe (6) is fixedly connected onto one end face of the insulating shell (3), the other end of the corrugated pipe (6) is connected onto the movable conducting rod (4), the movable contact (1) is welded at one end of the movable conducting rod (4), the movable contact (1) is connected onto the static contact (2) in a disconnectable mode, the static contact (2) is welded at one end of the static conducting rod (5), the other end of the static conducting rod (5) is connected with the insulating shell (3), and the shielding cover (7) covers the movable contact (1) and the static contact (2).
9. A vacuum interrupter structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the moving contact (1) is a longitudinal magnetic coil contact structure.
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