CN113567504A - Negative ion collector, negative ion concentration detection device, detection method and detector - Google Patents
Negative ion collector, negative ion concentration detection device, detection method and detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an anion collector, an anion concentration detection device, a detection method and a detector, wherein the detection device comprises the anion collector, a collection plate of the anion collector is electrically connected with a polarization voltage circuit module capable of generating a polarization voltage with gradient change through an external interface, the anion collector is electrically connected with the polarization voltage circuit module capable of generating the polarization voltage with gradient change, the polarization voltage is changed in a step mode, the conversion relation between the polarization voltage and corresponding collection current is found, a multi-element linear equation set between the polarization voltage and the corresponding current is established, and the solution of the equation set is the anion concentration value corresponding to the mobility. The invention also provides an anion collector, wherein the collecting plate and the polarizing plate are respectively fixed on the upper insulating seat surface and the lower insulating seat surface, and are arranged in parallel and symmetrical manner up and down; the external interface is respectively integrated on the collecting plate and the polarization plate and extends out of the closed upper and lower insulating seats through the through hole; the fan is fixed at the section of the upper and lower insulating seats.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of meteorological and environmental monitoring, in particular to a precise negative ion detection device, a detection method and a detector with multiple specified mobility rates.
Background
The air negative oxygen ions are called as 'air vitamins', have the effects of sterilizing, reducing dust, cleaning air, improving immunity and regulating the function balance of human bodies, and have important effect on improving the atmospheric environment.
The concentration of the negative ions in the air is an important standard for judging the air quality and is also an important index for identifying the quality of the negative ion generator products on the market at present. The traditional negative ion concentration detector is based on a capacitance type ion collector to measure the current formed by negative ions at two ends of a collecting plate, and the conversion is carried out according to the relation between the current value and the negative ion concentration.
The above-described conventional negative ion concentration detector has an edge effect in which negative ions having a mobility lower than the measurement mobility are also counted in the vicinity of the collecting plate (low migration distance). The mobility of negative oxygen ions in the atmosphere is 0.4 (cm)2V s) and a mobility of less than 0.4 (cm)2V · s) will not be easily absorbed by the human body. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the conventional negative ion detector in which the edge effect is ignored is defective.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a negative ion concentration detection device, a detection method and a detector, which can realize accurate detection of negative ion concentrations with different mobilities.
The first aspect of the present invention provides an anion concentration detection apparatus, comprising an anion collector, wherein a collecting plate of the anion collector is electrically connected with a polarization voltage circuit module capable of generating a polarization voltage with gradient change through an external interface.
In one embodiment, the gradient polarization voltage is generated by electrically controlled adjustable resistance voltage division.
In one embodiment, the collection plate is connected to an I/V circuit module through an external interface, the I/V circuit module converting the charge signal to a voltage signal;
the I/V circuit module is an integral operation circuit or a cross-group operational amplifier circuit;
the I/V circuit module is connected with the signal amplification circuit and then connected with the A/D sampling circuit, and the result is transmitted to the MCU singlechip module through I/O communication.
In one embodiment, the negative ion concentration detection device further comprises a current signal acquisition module, which is used for sampling current signals generated by negative ions respectively by setting a plurality of groups of different polarization voltages and storing the results in a matrix array; after n times of variable polarization voltage and n times of current sampling, obtaining a matrix array a [ n ] with 1 n rows and n columns of processing data][n]And a current value array b [ n ] of n rows and 1 column](ii) a By using matrix variation, the array a [ n ] is obtained][n]The inverse matrix a' of the corresponding matrix n][n](ii) a A' [ n ]][n]Corresponding matrix and b [ n ]]Factoring the corresponding matrix, and storing the result in rho [ n ]]Array ρ [ n ]]Value p of1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe value of (a) is the value of the negative ion concentration of different mobilities.
In one embodiment, the negative ion concentration detection device can sample the current signal corresponding to each polarization voltage for 10-20 times, and adopts a recursive average filtering algorithm to realize a low-jump stable negative ion concentration value. Preferably, each polarization voltage is sampled 20 times, an average value of 20 corresponding negative ion concentration values is obtained by adopting a recursive average filtering algorithm (N is 20), and the obtained negative ion concentration average value is the final negative ion concentration value corresponding to the mobility, so that the low-jump stable negative ion concentration value is realized.
In one embodiment, the negative ion concentration detection device further comprises a temperature and humidity sampling module for sampling a temperature and humidity value to compensate the negative ion concentration.
In one embodiment, the negative ion collector includes a shield case, a collecting plate, a polarizing plate, an upper insulating base, a lower insulating base, an external interface, and a fan, wherein,
the collecting plate and the polarization plate are respectively fixed on the upper insulating seat surface and the lower insulating seat surface and are arranged in parallel and symmetrical up and down;
the external interfaces are respectively integrated on the collecting plate and the polarization plate and extend out of the closed upper and lower insulating seats through the through holes;
the fan is fixed on the sections of the upper and lower insulating seats.
In one embodiment, the collecting plate and the polarization plate are provided with metal seats for external circuit connection, and the metal seats and the connecting rods of the collecting plate and the polarization plate extend out of the two clamped insulating seats through small holes.
In one embodiment, the shielding cover is divided into two parts which can be buckled, the front part is provided with array through holes, and the rear part is provided with square through holes.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for detecting the concentration of negative ions, wherein a negative ion collector is electrically connected with a polarization voltage circuit module capable of generating a polarization voltage with gradient change, the polarization voltage is changed in a step manner, the conversion relation between the polarization voltage and corresponding collected current is found, a multi-element linear equation set between the polarization voltage and the corresponding current is established, and the solution of the equation set is the concentration value of the negative ions with corresponding mobility.
In one embodiment, different mobilities μ are set1,μ2,μ3,…,μnRespectively has a negative ion concentration of rho1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe current generated by the collecting plate which is independently and totally struck on the negative ion collector is I1max,I2max,I3max,…,InmaxSetting a first polarization voltage U1Under the condition, the generation current I of negative ions with corresponding limiting mobility1max(ii) a N polarization voltage UnCorresponding generation current I of negative ions with limiting mobilitynmax(ii) a At a polarization voltage UiUnder the action of the air pressure, the air pressure is controlled,detecting the total current as IiDifferent mobility (. mu.)1,μ2,μ3,…,μnB) the negative ions generate a current Ii1,Ii2,Ii3,…,IinAnd then:
Ii＝Ii1+Ii2+Ii3+…+Iin (3)
Inmax＝e*ρn*Vf (4)
wherein e is the electron charge amount (e ≈ 1.602 × 10)-19C)，VfThe flow rate of the direct current fan. I isjiAnd IimaxThe relationship is as follows:
Iji＝kji*Iimax＝kji*e*Vf*ρi (5)
wherein k isjiThe mobility is muiIs under a polarization voltage UbnPercentage of ions that can strike the collector plate under influence. Then kjiThe values are as follows:
in view of the above, it is desirable to provide,
Ii＝e*Vf*(k1i*ρ1+k2i*ρ2+k3i*ρ3+…+kni*ρn) (7)
wherein, IiIs known by detection as a known value, e, Vf,KjiCalculating to obtain; unknown number is rho1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρn(ii) a N different polarization voltages are needed to be set, n corresponding current values are obtained through a detection circuit, an n-element linear equation set is established, and rho is solved1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe value of (c).
In one embodiment, the algorithm of the negative ion concentration detection method adopts a recursion average filtering method to continuously read and calculate 10-20 times of data results and store the data results in a result queue, when a new data result is put at the tail of the queue, the data at the head of the queue is thrown away, and the arithmetic average operation is performed on 10-20 data in the queue to obtain a new filtering result so as to achieve stable negative ion concentration bn. Preferably, the data results are placed in a result queue for 20 consecutive read calculations, and the 20 data in the queue are subjected to an arithmetic mean operation.
In one embodiment, the negative ion concentration detection method of the present invention includes the steps of:
numerically controlling and adjusting output polarization voltage, respectively sampling current signals generated by the negative ions, calculating to obtain a current value, and storing the current value result into a matrix array;
judging whether the polarization voltage changes for n times, if so, solving an n-element linear equation set by a matrix method and sampling the temperature and the humidity, and after sampling the variable polarization voltage and the current for n times, obtaining processing data which are a matrix array a [ n ] [ n ] with n rows and n columns and a current value array b [ n ] with n rows and 1 column; obtaining an inverse matrix a' n < n > of a matrix corresponding to the array a n < n > by using the matrix change; if not, returning to the previous step, and numerically controlling and regulating the output polarization voltage again;
factoring the matrix corresponding to a' n and the matrix corresponding to b n to obtain the concentration value of the negative ions, and storing the result in a rho n array;
each polarization voltage is sampled N times, and rho [ N ] is judged]NIf N in the array is greater than 20, p [ N ] is selected]NThe array adopts a recursive average filtering algorithm to solve rho [ n ]]1～ρ[n]20Average value of (1), ρ [ n ]]NThe array is the final anion concentration value; if not, returning to continue numerical control adjustment of output polarization voltage.
A third aspect of the present invention provides an anion collector comprising a shield case, a collecting plate, a polarizing plate, an upper insulator, a lower insulator, an external interface, and a fan, wherein,
the collecting plate and the polarization plate are respectively fixed on the upper insulating seat surface and the lower insulating seat surface, and are arranged in parallel and symmetrical mode up and down;
the external interfaces are respectively integrated on the collecting plate and the polarization plate and extend out of the closed upper and lower insulating seats through the through holes;
the fan is fixed on the sections of the upper and lower insulating seats.
In one embodiment, the collecting plate and the polarization plate are provided with metal seats for connecting external circuits, and connecting rods of the metal seats and the collecting plate and the polarization plate extend out of the two clamped upper insulating seats and the lower insulating seats through small holes.
In one embodiment, the shielding case is a metal shielding case, and comprises a front half part and a rear half part which are movably connected, wherein the front half part is provided with array through holes, and the rear half part is provided with square through holes
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an anion concentration detector, which includes a display screen, and further includes the anion concentration detection apparatus described in any one or any several of the above, or performs anion concentration detection by using the anion concentration detection method described in any one or any several of the above, or includes the anion collector described in any one or any several of the above.
Compared with the prior art, the anion concentration detection device, the anion concentration detection method and the anion concentration detector have the following advantages:
1. the negative ion concentration detection device can eliminate the edge effect and realize the accurate display of the negative ion concentration;
2. the negative ion concentration detection device can calculate and display the negative ion concentration values with different mobilities through an algorithm by multi-group sampling of the polarization voltage with step change.
3. The negative ion concentration detection device realizes the designation of the negative ion concentration value of a certain mobility by setting a plurality of different polarization voltage values and combining an algorithm;
4. the negative ion concentration detection device adopts a recursive average filtering algorithm, so that the low-jump and stable display of the negative ion concentration can be realized;
5. the negative ion concentration detection device disclosed by the invention can realize sampling and displaying of the negative ion concentration of low-temperature humidity drift by combining correction of temperature and humidity parameters;
6. the negative ion collector is small and compact, and can realize the miniaturization of negative ion detection.
The technical features described above can be combined in various technically feasible ways to produce new embodiments, as long as the object of the invention is achieved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of non-limiting examples only and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the migration path of negative ions in a collecting plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the edge effect schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the negative ion detection device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the algorithm of the negative ion detecting device in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the negative ion detector of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a negative ion collector shield of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the negative ion collector in the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of an extraction fan used in the negative ion collector of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows a schematic flow chart of the negative ion detection method in the present invention.
In the drawings, like components are denoted by like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1. a negative ion collector; 101. a front cover of the anion collector shielding case; 102. a negative ion collector shield rear cover; 1011. an array of ventilation circular holes in the front cover of the shielding case; 1021. the ventilation square hole of the rear cover of the shielding cover; 110. a polarization plate insulating base; 111. a polarizing plate; 112. a polarizing plate external interface; 113. a polarization plate mounting screw; 114. the rear parts of the polarization plate and the collection plate insulating seat are fastened by screws; 115. the front parts of the polarization plate and the collection plate insulating seat are fastened by screws; 116. a front part fastening plate of the polarization plate and the collection plate insulating seat; 117. a collection plate insulating base; 118. a collection plate; 119. an external interface of the collecting plate; 1110. mounting screw holes on the polarization plate insulating base; 1111. a screw hole is arranged on the collecting plate insulating base; 1112. mounting screws on the collecting plate; 1113. a rear part fastening plate of the polarization plate and the collection plate insulating base; 120. a fan; 121. a fan mounting hole; 122. fan blades; 123. a fan power line and a PWM control line; 2. an I/V conversion circuit module; 3. a signal amplification module; 4. an A/D sampling module; 5. the MCU singlechip module 6 is provided with an adjustable rheostat MAX5438 chip; 7. a display screen.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
Parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
The first aspect of the invention provides a miniaturized negative ion collector, which comprises a polarizing plate, a collecting plate, an insulating seat, a fixing plate, a direct current fan and a shielding case;
the polarization plate and the collection plate are stainless steel plates, fixed on the insulating seat surface by screws, and placed in parallel, and the preferred size is 43mm x 20mm x 1.2mm (length x width x height). The collecting plate and the polarization plate are provided with metal seats for connecting an external circuit, and the metal seats, the connecting rods of the collecting plate and the polarization plate can extend out of the two clamped insulating seats through the small holes.
The insulating seat is made of insulating materials, and preferably made of Teflon materials. The insulating seat is processed with a screw hole, which is convenient for installation and fastening. The insulating seat is divided into a collecting plate insulating seat on the upper part and a polarization plate insulating seat on the lower part, and the collecting plate insulating seat and the polarization plate insulating seat can be clamped and sealed through a fixing plate.
The fixation plate is a stainless steel plate, preferably 45mm x 1mm in size (length x width x height). The fixed plate can fasten the two insulation seats and can also be used as a connecting piece of the direct current fan and the insulation seats, and the direct current fan is installed on the section of the insulation seats.
The shielding cover is divided into two parts which can be buckled, the front part is provided with an array through hole, and the rear part is provided with a square through hole. The material of the shield is preferably stainless steel, preferably 45mm 60mm 45mm (length, width, height).
A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting a concentration of negative ions, which is capable of simultaneously and accurately detecting different mobilities based on a polarization voltage with a gradient change. The core for realizing the function is to find the conversion relation between the polarization voltage and the corresponding collected current by changing the polarization voltage in a step mode, establish a multi-element linear equation set between the polarization voltage and the corresponding collected current, and solve the equation set to obtain the concentration value of the negative ions corresponding to the mobility.
The negative ion concentration detection device comprises the negative ion collector provided by the first aspect of the invention, an I/V conversion circuit, a signal amplification circuit, an A/D sampling circuit, an MCU processor, a polarization voltage regulation circuit and a voltage source circuit.
In a more specific embodiment:
the device detects the negative ions by adopting an active electric fan to suck the negative ions; the structure and the principle diagram are shown in figure 1.
When negative ions are sucked into the electric field between the collecting plate and the polarizing plate, the negative ions migrate toward the collecting plate under the action of the electric field force, and the average speed of the movement in the direction is set as Vd(ii) a In addition, the negative ions move along with the air to the direction of the fan under the action of the negative pressure of the air, and the migration speed of the movement in the direction is set as VLThe distance between the collecting plate and the polarizing plate is d, and the length of the collecting plate along the wind speed direction is L. The mobility mu of the negative ions refers to the speed value of the uniform accelerated motion of the air negative ions in the air under the action of electrostatic force generated by unit field intensity.
μ＝Vd/E＝Vd/(U/d)＝d*Vd/U (1)
Wherein, VdFor the migration velocity, E is the electric field intensity at the polarization voltage, and U is the polarization voltage。
If the negative ions entering the collector just can completely impact on the collecting plate, the negative ions close to the polarizing plate move to the end of the collecting plate, and the mobility of the negative ions is called the limiting mobility mu of the collector under the polarizing voltage Ue(see fig. 2a), then:
μe＝d*Vd/U＝d*(d/(L/VL))/U＝d2*VL/(L*U) (2)
at this time, the mobility is higher than μeThe negative ions (small particle size) entering the collector can be hit on the collecting plate to be detected, and the mobility is lower than mueMay be partially collected near the edge of the collecting plate, which is called edge effect (fig. 2 b). Due to the edge effect, even if a low polarization voltage is applied, the negative ion signal with low mobility is difficult to filter due to the insufficient migration distance of the electric field direction.
Conventional negative ion detection is typically performed with a given polarization voltage, and the default detected current signals are all above the limiting mobility μeThe signal interference caused by the edge effect of the low-mobility negative ions is ignored; the detection result has distortion problem. At the same time, the concentration of a particular mobility anion cannot be distinguished.
The negative ion concentration detection device provided by the invention adopts gradient change polarization voltage, and solves the solution of a multivariate linear equation according to the obtained corresponding different current values, so that the negative ion concentration value corresponding to the mobility can be obtained. The further process is as follows:
setting different mobility (mu)1,μ2,μ3,…,μnP (i.e., different scale) of negative ion concentration is ρ1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnAll of them independently hit the collecting plate to generate current I1max,I2max,I3max,…,InmaxSetting a first polarization voltage U1Under the condition, the generation current I of negative ions with corresponding limiting mobility1max(see FIG. 3 a); n polarization voltage UnCorresponding negative of limiting mobilityGeneration current I of ionsnmax(see fig. 3 b). At a polarization voltage UiUnder the action of the current sensor, the total current is detected to be IiDifferent mobility (. mu.)1,μ2,μ3,…,μnI.e. different scale of negative ions, generates a current Ii1,Ii2,Ii3,…,IinAnd then:
Ii＝Ii1+Ii2+Ii3+…+Iin (3)
Inmax＝e*ρn*Vf (4)
wherein e is the electron charge amount (e ≈ 1.602 × 10)-19C)，VfThe flow rate of the direct current fan. I isjiAnd IimaxThe relationship is as follows:
Iji＝kji*Iimax＝kji*e*Vf*ρi (5)
wherein k isjiThe mobility is muiIs under a polarization voltage UbnPercentage of ions that can strike the collector plate under influence. Then kjiThe values are as follows:
in view of the above, it is desirable to provide,
li＝e*Vf*(k1i*ρ1+k2i*ρ2+k3i*ρ3+…+kni*ρn) (7)
in equation (7), IiIs known by detection as a known value, e, Vf,KjiCan be calculated; unknown number is rho1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρn(ii) a Solving n-element linear equations needs n equations, namely n different polarization voltages need to be set, n corresponding current values are obtained through a detection circuit, an n-element linear equation set is established, and rho is solved1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe value of (c).
In order to realize the principle, the device of the invention adopts numerical control rheostat voltage division to obtain the polarization voltage value with gradient change. The numerical control rheostat is preferably a MAX5438 chip, and n polarization voltages with step changes are obtained by changing a voltage division value through serial port communication. After each polarization voltage is set, total current signal sampling detection is carried out, and the result is stored in a matrix array. After n times of variable polarization voltage and n times of current sampling, obtaining a matrix array a [ n ] with 1 n rows and n columns of processing data][n]And a current value array b [ n ] of n rows and 1 column]. By using matrix variation, the array a [ n ] is obtained][n]The inverse matrix a' of the corresponding matrix n][n]. A' [ n ]][n]Corresponding matrix and b [ n ]]Factoring the corresponding matrix, and storing the result in rho [ n ]]. Array rho [ n ]]Value p of1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe value of (a) is the negative ion concentration value corresponding to different mobility.
The third aspect of the invention provides a low-jump and stable negative ion concentration detection device, wherein a preferred algorithm adopts a recursive average filtering method, and data results of 10-20 times of continuous reading calculation are stored in a result queue, preferably 20 times. When a new data result is put into the tail of the queue, the data at the head of the queue is thrown away. And carrying out arithmetic mean operation on 20 data in the queue to obtain a new filtering result so as to achieve stable display of the concentration of the negative ions.
In addition, the device can be used for correcting in combination with temperature and humidity data, so that the temperature and humidity interference resistance of the detector is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 9, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides an anion concentration detection method, wherein the anion concentration detection device of the present invention adopts the following method steps:
numerical control regulating output polarization voltage, respectively sampling current signals generated by negative ions, calculating to obtain a current value, and storing the current value result into a matrix array bn;
judging whether the polarization voltage changes n times, if so, solving an n-element linear equation set by a matrix method, sampling the temperature and the humidity, obtaining a matrix array a [ n ] [ n ] with n rows and n columns and a current value array b [ n ] with n rows and 1 column as processing data after sampling the polarization voltage and the current for n times, and solving an inverse matrix a' [ n ] [ n ] of a matrix corresponding to the array a [ n ] [ n ] by utilizing matrix change; if not, returning to the previous step, and numerically controlling and regulating the output polarization voltage again;
a' [ n ]][n]Corresponding matrix and b [ n ]]Factoring the corresponding matrix and correcting the temperature and humidity coefficient to obtain the concentration value of negative ions, and storing the result in rho [ n ]]Array, array ρ [ n ]]Value p of1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnI.e. the concentration of negative ions corresponding to different mobilities.
The method for detecting a concentration of negative ions of the present invention may further comprise:
each polarization voltage is sampled for N times, and corresponding negative ion concentration values are stored in rho [ N ]]NArray, judging rho [ n ]]NIf N in the array is greater than 20, p [ N ] is selected]NThe array adopts a recursive average filtering algorithm to solve rho [ n ]]1～ρ[n]20Average value of (1), ρ [ n ]]NThe average value of the array is the final negative ion concentration value corresponding to the mobility; if not, returning to continue numerical control adjustment of output polarization voltage.
The fifth aspect of the present invention provides an anion concentration detector, comprising a display screen and any one or any several of the anion detection apparatuses described above, wherein the anion concentration detector detects the anion concentration or detects the anion concentration by using any one or any several of the anion concentration detection methods described above.
In a more specific embodiment, the main chip of the I/V conversion circuit module and the signal amplification circuit module adopts an OPA111 operational amplification chip, and the differential mode input resistance of the chip reaches 1012Omega, is a high gain, high input impedance, low zero drift operational amplifier.
The A/D sampling circuit module main chip adopts a CS1237 chip which is a 24-bit 1-path voltage sampling chip and integrates temperature sensing, and the influence of temperature drift can be reduced after temperature correction.
The MCU processor adopts an STC8A8K64S4A12 chip, and is a 51 single chip microcomputer chip with 1T and high cost performance.
By adopting the technical scheme, the device can realize accurate sampling of the anion concentration with various mobilities, and can provide data support for atmospheric monitoring and anion product quality identification.
The working principle and the working process of the negative ion concentration detection device of the present invention are described in the following specific embodiments:
[ EXAMPLES one ]
As shown in fig. 5, the structure diagram of the negative ion concentration detector of the present invention includes the negative ion concentration detector of the present invention and a display screen, and the negative ion concentration detector includes a negative ion collector 1, an I/V conversion circuit 2, a signal amplification circuit 3, an a/D sampling circuit 4, an MCU processor 5, a polarization voltage adjusting circuit 6, and a voltage source circuit 7.
The parts of the negative ion collector are schematically shown in figures 6, 7 and 8. The shielding case front cover 101 and the shielding case rear cover 102 of the negative ion collector are closed by a buckle. The front cover 101 of the shielding case is provided with a ventilation circular hole array 1011 of the front cover of the shielding case and a ventilation square hole 1021 of the rear cover 102 of the shielding case for guiding air sucked by the fan. When negative air ions are drawn into the negative ion collector 1 by the fan 120, the negative ions migrate toward the collecting plate 118 under the action of the electric field generated by the polarizing voltage on the polarizing plate 111. The collector plate 118 and the polarization plate 111 are fixed to the insulating holder 117,110 by mounting screws 112,113, respectively. The collection plate 118 and the polarization plate 111 are left with an external interface 119,112 for ease of connection to external circuitry. The spatial positions of the collecting plate 118 and the polarizing plate 111 are vertically parallel and symmetrical. To close the air flow path between the collecting plate 118 and the polarization plate 111, the front fastening plate 116 and the rear fastening plate 1113 are fastened by fastening screws 115 and 114, respectively. The rear fastening plate 1113 also serves as a mounting base for the fan 120, and the fan 120 is mounted on the insulating base by mounting screws 114. And placing the assembled negative ion collector in a shielding case, and splicing to complete the assembly of the negative ion collector.
The polarizing plate 110 is connected to the polarization voltage adjusting circuit 6 through an external interface 112. The collecting plate 118 is connected to the I/V conversion circuit 2 through an external interface 119. The output port of the I/V conversion circuit 2 is connected with the signal amplification circuit 3 to realize voltage signal amplification. The amplified voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog voltage signal through an A/D sampling circuit 4, and the sampling result is communicated with an MCU singlechip 5 through I/O serial port communication. And the singlechip 5 stores the data into the array after judging the data to be valid. And the resistance value of MAX5438 is changed through I/O serial port communication, so that the polarization voltage regulating circuit 6 outputs new polarization voltage to perform new one-time negative ion detection. And detecting corresponding current values under the action of n different polarization voltages and storing the results into the matrix array. Thus, an n-ary system of equations can be obtained. And solving and calculating the corresponding mobility negative ion concentration value by an inverse matrix of a matrix method. Repeating the steps for 20 times to obtain 20 groups of results, and putting the results into an array queue. And obtaining the negative ion concentration value with stable low jump by using a recursive average filtering method. The MCU 5 sends the concentration value to a liquid crystal display 7 of the anion concentration detector by a binary code, and the final detection result is displayed.
[ example two ]
As shown in the first embodiment, the I/V conversion circuit 2 employs an integrating circuit, i.e., a low-capacitance capacitor (100pF) is used as the charge amount to convert the charge amount into a voltage value. Namely:
in the embodiment, the I/V conversion circuit adopts an integrating circuit technology, which is mature and has high precision, but in order to ensure the precision, an operational amplifier with high input impedance needs to be selected.
In the embodiment, the I/V conversion circuit 2 can select direct transimpedance amplification, namely, a bridged capacitor is replaced by a large resistor, so that I/V conversion is realized.
U＝-R*I (9)
The implementation case can avoid integral errors caused by the influence of the operational amplifier input offset voltage, the input bias current and the offset current, and also avoid errors caused by leakage current of the capacitor. But the requirements on the precision of the resistors and the operational amplifier are high.
[ EXAMPLE III ]
Suppose that a read is requiredMobility taken as 1.0 (cm)2/V*s),0.4(cm2/V*s)，0.2(cm2V vs) are respectively rho1,ρ2,ρ3. Fan air volume Vf＝40cm3S; the distance d between the collecting plate and the polarizing plate is 2 cm; the length L of the collecting plate along the wind speed direction is 4.5 cm; the width H of the air inlet interface is 4.5 cm; migration velocity V of negative ions along wind directionL＝Vf4.44 cm/s; from equation (2), the required polarization voltage (U) can be calculated1,U2,U3And) 3.951V,9.875V,19.753V, respectively.
Assuming a polarization voltage U1,U2,U3The obtained negative ions are converted to generate total current I1,I2,I3Are respectively 1.384 x 10-12A，1.538*10-12A，1.602*10-12A。
Then, from equation (7), the following system of equations can be obtained:
solving to obtain
ρ1＝20*104；ρ2＝3*104；ρ1＝2*104。
In summary, three different polarization voltages can be set, an equation set is established by combining sampling conversion to obtain corresponding current values, and three types of negative ion concentrations with different mobilities are obtained by solving.
It will thus be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. The negative ion concentration detection device comprises a negative ion collector, and is characterized in that a collecting plate of the negative ion collector is electrically connected with a polarization voltage circuit module capable of generating gradient polarization voltage through an external interface.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gradient polarization voltage is generated by dividing an electrically controlled adjustable resistance.
3. The negative ion concentration detection apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the collection plate is connected to an I/V circuit module through an external interface, the I/V circuit module converting a charge signal into a voltage signal;
the I/V circuit module is an integral operation circuit or a cross-group operational amplifier circuit;
the I/V circuit module is connected with the signal amplification circuit and then connected with the A/D sampling circuit, and the result is transmitted to the MCU singlechip module through I/O communication.
4. The negative ion concentration detection device according to claim 3, further comprising a current signal collection module for sampling current signals generated by the negative ions respectively by setting a plurality of groups of different polarization voltages and storing the results in a matrix array; after n times of variable polarization voltage and n times of current sampling, obtaining a matrix array a [ n ] with processing data of n rows and n columns][n]And a current value array b [ n ] of n rows and 1 column](ii) a By using matrix variation, the array a [ n ] is obtained][n]The inverse matrix a' of the corresponding matrix n][n](ii) a A' [ n ]][n]Corresponding matrix and b [ n ]]Factoring the corresponding matrix, and storing the result in rho [ n ]]Array ρ [ n ]]Value p of1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnI.e. the values of the negative ions corresponding to different mobilities.
5. The negative ion concentration detection device according to claim 4, wherein the negative ion concentration detection device is capable of sampling the current signal corresponding to each polarization voltage 10-20 times, and obtaining the average value of the corresponding negative ion concentration by applying a recursive average filtering algorithm to the corresponding negative ion concentration value, so as to realize a low-jump stable negative ion concentration value.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a temperature and humidity sampling module for sampling a temperature and humidity value to compensate for the concentration of the negative ions.
7. The negative ion concentration detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the negative ion collector comprises a shield case, a collection plate, a polarization plate, an upper insulator base, a lower insulator base, an external interface, and a fan,
the collecting plate and the polarization plate are respectively fixed on the upper insulating seat surface and the lower insulating seat surface, and are arranged in parallel and symmetrical mode up and down;
the external interfaces are respectively integrated on the collecting plate and the polarization plate and extend out of the closed upper and lower insulating seats through the through holes;
the fan is fixed on the sections of the upper and lower insulating seats.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the collecting plate and the polarizing plate are provided with metal bases for external circuit connection, and the connecting rods of the metal bases, the collecting plate and the polarizing plate extend out of the two clamped upper insulating bases and the lower insulating bases through the small holes.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the shielding case is a metal shielding case, and comprises a front half portion and a rear half portion which are movably connected, the front half portion is provided with the array through holes, and the rear half portion is provided with the square through holes.
10. A method for detecting the concentration of negative ions features that the negative ion collector is electrically connected to the polarized voltage circuit module which can generate the polarized voltage with gradient variation, the polarized voltage is stepped to find the conversion relation between it and the current collected correspondingly, and the multi-element linear equation set between polarized voltage and corresponding current is created.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein different mobilities μ are set1,μ2,μ3,…,μnRespectively, the negative ion concentration of (1) is rho1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe current generated by the collecting plate which is independently and totally struck on the negative ion collector is I1max,I2max,I3max,…,InmaxSetting a first polarization voltage U1Under the condition, the generation current I of negative ions with corresponding limiting mobility1max(ii) a N polarization voltage UnCorresponding generation current I of negative ions with limiting mobilitynmax(ii) a At a polarization voltage UiUnder the action of the current sensor, the total current is detected to be IiDifferent mobility (. mu.)1,μ2,μ3,…,μnB) the negative ions generate a current Ii1,Ii2,Ii3,…,IinAnd then:
Ii＝Ii1+Ii2+Ii3+…+Iin (3)
Inmax＝e*ρn*Vf (4)
wherein e is the electron charge amount (e ≈ 1.602 × 10)-19C)，VfThe flow rate of the direct current fan. I isjiAnd IimaxThe relationship is as follows:
Iji＝kji*Iimax＝kji*e*Vf*ρi (5)
wherein k isjiThe mobility is muiIs under a polarization voltage UbnCan be beaten and collected under the actionIon percentage on the collector plate. Then kjiThe values are as follows:
in view of the above, it is desirable to provide,
Ii＝e*Vf*k1i*ρ1+k2i*ρ2+k3i*ρ3+…+kni*ρn) (7)
wherein, IiIs known by detection as a known value, e, Vf,KjiCalculating to obtain; unknown number is rho1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρn(ii) a N different polarization voltages are needed to be set, n corresponding current values are obtained through a detection circuit, an n-element linear equation set is established, and rho is solved1，ρ2，ρ3,…,ρnThe value of (c).
12. The method for detecting the concentration of the negative ions according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein an algorithm of the method for detecting the concentration of the negative ions adopts a recursive average filtering method, the current signal corresponding to each polarization voltage is sampled 10-20 times, corresponding negative ion concentration values are calculated and put into a queue, 10-20 data in the queue are subjected to arithmetic average operation, and an obtained average value of the concentration of the negative ions is a final negative ion concentration value corresponding to the mobility.
13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising sampling a temperature-humidity value to compensate for the negative ion concentration and improve the accuracy of the negative ion concentration.
14. The negative ion concentration detection method according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterized by comprising the steps of:
numerical control regulating output polarization voltage, respectively sampling current signals generated by negative ions, calculating to obtain a current value, and storing the current value into a matrix array bn;
judging whether the polarization voltage has changed for n times, if so, solving an n-element linear equation set by a matrix method, sampling the temperature and the humidity, obtaining a matrix array a [ n ] [ n ] with n rows and n columns and a current value array b [ n ] with n rows and 1 column as processing data after sampling the polarization voltage and the current for n times, and solving an inverse matrix a' [ n ] [ n ] of a matrix corresponding to the array a [ n ] [ n ] by utilizing matrix change; if not, returning to the previous step, and numerically controlling and regulating the output polarization voltage again;
factoring the matrix corresponding to a' n and the matrix corresponding to b n to obtain the value of negative ion concentration, and storing the result in rho n array, where the value in rho n array is the value of negative ion concentration corresponding to mobility.
15. The negative ion concentration detection method according to claim 14, further comprising:
each polarization voltage is sampled for N times, and corresponding negative ion concentration values are stored in rho [ N ]]NArray, judging rho [ n ]]NIf N in the array is greater than 20, p [ N ] is selected]NThe array adopts a recursive average filtering algorithm to solve rho [ n ]]1～ρ[n]20Average value of (1), ρ [ n ]]NThe average value of the array is the final negative ion concentration value corresponding to the mobility; if not, returning to continue numerical control adjustment to output the polarization voltage, and carrying out current sampling.
16. An anion collector, which is characterized in that the anion collector comprises a shielding case, a collecting plate, a polarizing plate, an upper insulating seat, a lower insulating seat, an external interface and a fan, wherein,
the collecting plate and the polarization plate are respectively fixed on the upper insulating seat surface and the lower insulating seat surface, and are arranged in parallel and symmetrical mode up and down;
the external interfaces are respectively integrated on the collecting plate and the polarization plate and extend out of the closed upper and lower insulating seats through the through holes;
the fan is fixed on the sections of the upper and lower insulating seats.
17. The negative ion collector of claim 16, wherein the collecting plate and the polarizing plate are provided with a metal base for external circuit connection, and the metal base and the connecting rod of the collecting plate and the polarizing plate extend out of the two clamped upper and lower insulating bases through a small hole.
18. The negative ion collector of claim 16 or 17, wherein the shielding case is a metal shielding case, and comprises a front half part and a rear half part which are movably connected, the front half part is provided with the array through holes, and the rear half part is provided with the square through holes.
19. An anion concentration detector, comprising a display screen, characterized in that the anion concentration detector further comprises the anion concentration detection device of any one of claims 1 to 9 or the anion concentration detection method of any one of claims 10 to 15 or the anion collector of any one of claims 16 to 18.
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