CN113564473B - 冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及金属冶炼技术领域,尤其涉及冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材,特征是所述不锈钢线材的化学成分按质量百分比计包括C:0.60~0.70%、Cr:15.0~17.0%、Mo:0.30~0.60%、V:0.10~0.40%、Cu≤0.20%、Al:0.02~0.04%、Ni:0.20~0.40%、Mn≤0.40%、Si≤0.30%、P≤0.03%、N≤0.02%、S≤0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。还涉及该不锈钢线材的制备方法,该制备方法包括将反应原料依次经电弧炉‑AOD‑VOD‑LF三步法冶炼制得不锈钢钢液,然后将制得的钢液再依次经连铸、轧制、退火、酸洗工序处理。本发明通过成分设计及生产工艺优化的方式,使材料具有优异冷加工性能和高耐磨性,提高了生产效率同时节省了加工成本,本发明具有广阔的市场应用前景。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及马氏体不锈钢线材冶炼制备技术领域,尤其涉及冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
马氏体不锈钢以优良的耐腐蚀性和高强度为主要特征,广泛用于具有耐腐蚀要求的轴、轴套等机械零件。其中高碳含量的马氏体不锈钢具优异的耐磨性,用于轴承、轴承套、滑片、滑轨、刀具等高耐磨部件。
目前具有高耐磨性马氏体不锈钢主要化学成分为高Cr元素(16~19%)和高C元素(0.7~1.2%),在保证材料耐腐蚀能的同时,具有较好的耐磨性。但高碳元素含量的材料塑性差,用于生产变形量较大的滑轨、滑片等零件难度较大。目前需要采用热加工成型方式生产,生产工艺复杂、效率低、成本高。
【发明内容】
为解决上述背景技术中提出的问题,本发明提供一种冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材及其制备方法,通过对不锈钢成分设计及生产工艺条件的优化,使得制备出的不锈钢线材具有更好的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性能,能够用于直线导轨、滑片的生产。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材,所述不锈钢线材的化学成分按质量百分比计,包括C:0.60~0.70%、Cr:15.0~17.0%、Mo:0.30~0.60%、V:0.10~0.40%、Al:0.02~0.04%、Ni:0.20~0.40%、Cu≤0.20%、Mn≤0.40%、Si≤0.30%、P≤0.03%、N≤0.02%、S≤0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
作为优选,该不锈钢线材化学成分按质量百分比计,包括:C:0.62~0.68、Cr:15.5~16.5%、Mo:0.40~0.50%、V:0.20~0.30%、Al:0.025~0.035%、Ni:0.25~0.35%、Cu:0.10~0.20%、Mn:0.10~0.30%、Si:0.10~0.25%、P:0.01~0.02%、N:0.005~0.015%、S:0.001~0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
作为优选,所述不锈钢线材的断后延伸率为28.0%~31.0%、收缩率为57.0%~60.0%,淬火硬度为58.9~60.3HRC。
一种冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材的制备方法,该制备方法包括将反应原料依次经电弧炉-AOD-VOD-LF三步法冶炼制得不锈钢钢液,然后将制得的钢液再依次经连铸、轧制、退火、酸洗工序处理,其中,连铸工序中,过热度控制在20~40℃,拉速0.8~1.0m/min,结晶器水流量80~90m3/h,电磁搅拌电流450~550A;轧制工序中,采用控轧控冷工艺,轧制过程温度控制在800~900℃,轧制速度≤55m/s,轧后吐丝温度≤850℃;退火工序中,退火温度≥860℃,降温速度≤25℃/h,退火周期≥48h。
作为优选,在电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼过程中采用吹氩气搅拌。
作为优选,VOD炉冶炼工序中,VOD炉的极限真空度≤67Mpa;真空保持时间≥15min。
作为优选,LF精炼工序中,喂入Al线,保持Al含量为0.020wt%~0.040wt%,精炼时间≥40min,反应结束后吹氩气软吹时间≥10min。
作为优选,LF炉精炼工序中的出钢氧含量≤30ppm。
作为优选,退火工序中,采用气氛保护罩式退火炉进行退火,并采用氮气保护。
下面,对本发明的冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材中各元素的作用进行叙述。
⑴C元素是钢中最主要强化元素,C元素固溶于基体中能够大大提高材料强度。同时C元素与钢中的Fe、Cr、Mo、V等元素形成坚硬的碳化物,弥散分布在基体上的碳化物有效增加材料的耐磨性。但C元素过多会降低材料冷加工性冷,故在保持材料具有高耐磨性的前提下,将C元素含量控制在0.60~0.70%。
⑵Cr元素能够提高钢的强度和硬度。Cr元素形成的碳化物具有更高的硬度,从而增加材料耐磨性。并且Cr元素为马氏体不锈钢中主要耐腐蚀元素,高Cr元素含量会降低碳化物的均匀性,低C元素含量的前提下,过高的Cr元素含量会降低淬透性,从而增加热处理难度,故Cr元素含量控制在15.0~17.0%。
⑶Mo元素能够提高钢的强度和硬度,同时通过增加碳化物硬度从而提高材料的耐磨能,并且还能提高钢的淬透性、提高回火稳定性从而减少尺寸变化、增加耐腐蚀性能等。过高的Mo含量会降低碳化物均匀性,故Mo元素含量控制在0.30~0.60%。
⑷V元素能够增加碳化物硬度从而提高材料的耐性能,并且通过改善碳化物的性质从而提高碳化物与均匀性,综合成本考虑将V元素含量控制0.10~0.40%。
⑸Al元素能够明显降低钢种O元素含量,过高的Al元素会增加连铸过程的絮流风险,故Al元素含量控制在0.02%~0.04%。
⑹Ni、Cu元素会降低材料淬透性,增加热处理难度及降低成品硬度。但Ni元素可增加材料耐腐蚀性能。故Ni元素含量控制在0.20~0.40%,Cu元素含量控制在≤0.20%。
⑺Mn元素具有提高基体强度和硬度,但过高会降低材料冷加工性能。故Mn元素含量控制在≤0.4%。
⑻P、Si溶于材料基体引起强化并略微影响塑性,降低拉延伸性能,应尽量控制得越低越好,综合成本考虑,Si元素含量控制在≤0.40%,P元素含量控制在≤0.03%。
⑼N元素可以显著提高材料强度,但在马氏体不锈钢中溶解度较低,室温下过饱和的N元素会以氮化铬的形式析出,从而降低材料的塑性,韧性,综合考虑降低N元素要控制在≤0.02%。
⑽S元素容易偏聚晶界降低晶界结合力,同时在钢种会形成硫化物夹杂,从而降低材料塑性,故S元素含量控制在≤0.002%。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明主要通过添加Mo和V元素增加碳化物的硬度从而提高耐磨性。适当减少C元素含量的同时,通过优化的冶炼、轧制和退火工艺等方式提高碳化物的均匀性;并且通过降低钢中O、S、P等杂质元素的含量,提高钢水纯净度等措施提高从而材料的冷加工性能。
【具体实施方式】
下面通过具体实施例对本申请再作进一步详细的说明。
一种冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材,所述不锈钢线材的化学成分按质量百分比计,包括C:0.60~0.70%、Cr:15.0~17.0%、Mo:0.30~0.60%、V:0.10~0.40%、Al:0.02~0.04%、Ni:0.20~0.40%、Cu≤0.20%、Mn≤0.40%、Si≤0.30%、P≤0.03%、N≤0.02%、S≤0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,该不锈钢线材化学成分按质量百分比计,包括:C:0.62~0.68、Cr:15.5~16.5%、Mo:0.40~0.50%、V:0.20~0.30%、Al:0.025~0.035%、Ni:0.25~0.35%、Cu:0.10~0.20%、Mn:0.10~0.30%、Si:0.10~0.25%、P:0.01~0.02%、N:0.005~0.015%、S:0.001~0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材的制备方法,通过下述实施例做进一步详述。
实施例1
首选采取电弧炉—AOD—VOD—LF的冶炼路径,冶炼出不锈钢钢水。在电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼以及VOD炉冶炼过程中采用吹氩气搅拌;VOD炉的极限真空度要求≤67Mpa,实际控制20Mpa,真空保持时间≥15min,实际为16min;LF精炼工序中,喂入Al线,保持出钢Al含量为0.020wt%~0.040wt%,实际控制为0.030wt%,并控制精炼中的出钢氧含量≤30ppm,精炼时间≥40min,实际精炼时间控制在50min,反应结束后吹氩气软吹时间≥10min,实际控制在15min;成分检测表明钢中氧含量[O]≤30ppm,实际为25ppm。
对上述经上述冶炼制得的不锈钢钢水进行连铸形成钢坯,连铸过程采用180*180mm结晶器进行生产;过热度控制20~40℃,实际为22~37℃,最优选过热度为30℃;拉速控制在0.80~1.00m/min,实际为0.80~0.85m/min,最优选地拉速为0.83m/min;结晶器水流量要求80~90m3/h,实际为80~83m3/h;电磁搅拌电流要求450~550A,实际为450A。
将上述形成的钢坯进行轧制,轧制成规格为Φ14mm的盘条。轧制过程中,采用控轧控冷工艺进行,轧制过程的温度控制在800~900℃,实际控制温度为865~896℃,轧制速度≤55m/s,实际轧制速度控制为25m/s;轧后吐丝温度≤850℃,实际吐丝温度控制在822~847℃,具体为830℃。
将上述制得的马氏体不锈钢盘条在气氛保护罩式退火炉中进行退火生产,并采用氮气保护,退火温度≥860℃,实际退火温度控制为880℃;降温速度≤25℃/h,实际降温速度控制在20℃/h;退火周期≥48h,实际退火周期为52h。
实施案例成分满足规定要求;退火态断后延伸率达28.5%,断后收缩率达57.5%,冷加工性能较好、断后延伸率高;淬火硬度高,达到了59.2HRC,同时拥有较好的耐磨性。通过本实施例所制备的不锈钢线材的成分如表1所示,其主要机械性能如表2、表3所示。
实施例2
首选采取电弧炉—AOD—VOD—LF的冶炼路径,冶炼出不锈钢钢水。在电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼以及VOD炉冶炼过程中采用吹氩气搅拌;VOD炉的极限真空度要求≤67Mpa,实际控制25Mpa,真空保持时间≥15min,实际为17min;LF精炼工序中,喂入Al线,保持出钢Al含量为0.020wt%~0.040wt%,实际控制为0.032wt%,并控制精炼中的出钢氧含量≤30ppm,精炼时间≥40min,实际精炼时间控制在56min,反应结束后吹氩气软吹时间≥10min,实际控制在13min;成分检测表明钢中氧含量[O]≤30ppm,实际为22ppm。
对上述经上述冶炼制得的不锈钢钢水进行连铸形成钢坯,连铸过程采用180*180mm结晶器进行生产;过热度控制20~40℃,实际为25~35℃,最优选过热度为32℃;拉速控制在0.80~1.00m/min,实际为0.81~0.85m/min,最优选地拉速为0.82m/min;结晶器水流量要求80~90m3/h,实际为85m3/h;电磁搅拌电流要求450~550A,实际为500A。
将上述形成的钢坯进行轧制,轧制成规格为Φ6.5mm的盘条。轧制过程中,采用控轧控冷工艺进行,轧制过程的温度控制在800~900℃,实际控制温度为855~890℃,轧制速度≤55m/s,实际轧制速度控制为55m/s;轧后吐丝温度≤850℃,实际吐丝温度控制在828~840℃,具体为835℃。
将上述制得的马氏体不锈钢盘条在气氛保护罩式退火炉中进行退火生产,并采用氮气保护,退火温度≥860℃,实际退火温度控制为865℃;降温速度≤25℃/h,实际降温速度控制在25℃/h;退火周期≥48h,实际退火周期为51h。
实施案例成分满足规定要求;退火态断后延伸率达30.0%,断后收缩率达59.5%,冷加工性能较好、断后延伸率高;淬火硬度高,达到了60.3HRC,同时拥有较好的耐磨性。通过本实施例所制备的不锈钢线材的成分如表1所示,其主要机械性能如表2、表3所示。
表1实施例主要化学成分(wt%)
实施例 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Mo | N | V | Al | Fe |
1 | 0.638 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.021 | 0.0010 | 15.27 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.31 | 0.009 | 0.10 | 0.030 | 余量 |
2 | 0.648 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.023 | 0.0015 | 15.37 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.010 | 0.15 | 0.032 | 余量 |
表2实施例退火力学性能
表3实施例淬火硬度
由以上实施例及成品检验结果可知:通过本发明制备的马氏体不锈钢线材在退火后的断后延伸率和断后收缩率均要强于现有的95Cr18不锈钢线材,可塑性更佳,可加工性能优异;本发明通过成分设计及生产工艺优化的方式,使材料具有优异冷加工性能和高耐磨性,提高了生产效率同时节省了加工成本,本发明具有广阔的市场应用前景。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不同限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。并且,本发明各个实施方式之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材,其特征在于,所述不锈钢线材的化学成分,按质量百分比计包括:C:0.60~0.70%、Cr:15.0~17.0%、Mo:0.30~0.60%、V:0.10~0.40%、Al:0.02~0.04%、Ni:0.20~0.40%、Cu≤0.20%、Mn≤0.40%、Si≤0.30%、P≤0.03%、N≤0.02%、S≤0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
所述冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材的制备方法为,
将反应原料依次经电弧炉-AOD-VOD-LF三步法冶炼制得不锈钢钢液,然后将制得的钢液再依次经连铸、轧制、退火、酸洗工序处理,其中,
连铸工序中,过热度控制在20~40℃,拉速0.8~1.0m/min,结晶器水流量80~90m3/h,电磁搅拌电流450~550A;
轧制工序中,采用控轧控冷工艺,轧制过程温度控制在800~900℃,轧制速度≤55m/s,轧后吐丝温度≤850℃;
退火工序中,退火温度≥860℃,降温速度≤25℃/h,退火周期≥48h;
在电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼过程中采用吹氩气搅拌;
VOD炉冶炼工序中,VOD炉的极限真空度≤67Mpa;真空保持时间≥15min;
LF炉精炼工序中的出钢氧含量≤30ppm;
LF精炼工序中,喂入Al线,保持Al含量为0.020wt%~0.040wt%,精炼时间≥40min,反应结束后吹氩气软吹时间≥10min;
退火工序中,采用气氛保护罩式退火炉进行退火,并采用氮气保护。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材,其特征在于,所述不锈钢线材的化学成分,按重量百分比计包括:C:0.62~0.68、Cr:15.5~16.5%、Mo:0.40~0.50%、V:0.20~0.30%、Al:0.025~0.035%、Ni:0.25~0.35%、Cu:0.10~0.20%、Mn:0.10~0.30%、Si:0.10~0.25%、P:0.01~0.02%、N:0.005~0.015%、S:0.001~0.002%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的冷加工性能优且高耐磨的马氏体不锈钢线材,其特征在于,所述不锈钢线材的断后延伸率为28.0%~31.0%、收缩率为57.0%~60.0%,淬火硬度为58.9~60.3HRC。
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