CN113564362B - Method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants - Google Patents

Method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants Download PDF

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CN113564362B
CN113564362B CN202110721247.2A CN202110721247A CN113564362B CN 113564362 B CN113564362 B CN 113564362B CN 202110721247 A CN202110721247 A CN 202110721247A CN 113564362 B CN113564362 B CN 113564362B
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pyrolysis
nickel
condensation
plants
cobalt
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CN113564362A (en
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仇荣亮
冯汉栩
曹健
邱锐军
阮菊俊
汤叶涛
单永能
杨萍萍
刘田杰
徐玉仪
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Dongguan Huifeng Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Sun Yat Sen University
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Dongguan Huifeng Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Sun Yat Sen University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001Dry processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants. The method comprises the steps of drying and crushing plants of nickel hyper-enrichment plants, recovering nickel, cobalt and energy oil gas in the nickel hyper-enrichment plants through vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation and ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation, solving the problems of resource waste and secondary pollution in the recovery of the hyper-enrichment plants, recovering and separating nickel-cobalt microparticles with small particle size, and remarkably improving the recovery rate and recovery purity; the method is green and efficient, is simple to operate, and the obtained products have high utilization value and high environmental and economic benefits, and have important application value in the field of rare earth hyper-enrichment plant recycling.

Description

Method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling. More particularly relates to a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants.
Background
The nickel pollution of soil is ubiquitous in the world, and has potential environmental risks and urgent need to be treated. The plant restoring technology is a novel soil pollution restoring method, mainly utilizes nickel hyper-enrichment plants to extract nickel elements from soil, and has the advantages of low cost, convenient operation, small damage to soil structure and the like. However, the phytoremediation technology can also generate a lot of super-enriched plants which urgently need subsequent treatment while soil is being restored, and if the plants are not treated properly, secondary pollution and resource waste are easily caused. Therefore, the subsequent recovery of the hyper-enriched plants affects the phytoremediation cost and the biological safety, and restricts the popularization and application of the phytoremediation technology.
At present, the treatment of hyper-enriched plants after soil remediation still has great challenges. The Chinese patent application CN111394115A carries out reduction treatment on the super-enriched plants through supercritical catalytic reaction, reduces the pollution risk, but the metal resources in the super-enriched plants cannot be effectively recovered, thereby causing great waste; the Chinese patent application CN110145749A realizes the reduction treatment of hyper-enriched plants through incineration treatment, but biomass resources and heavy metal resources of the hyper-enriched plants are not effectively recovered, and meanwhile, the gas generated by incineration also has the problem of secondary pollution. In general, a common technique for recovering and utilizing hyper-enriched plants in a reduced, harmless and high-valued manner is extremely lacking. On the other hand, magnetic separation has a good foundation in the application of separating magnetic metal nickel and cobalt, and the chinese patent application CN106733068A utilizes a dry magnetic separation system to recover nickel metal, but it is only directed at magnetic nickel metal in metallurgical tailings, and it is difficult to recover magnetic metal with fine particles; the chinese patent application CN111672622A proposes a wet magnetic separation method, compared with dry magnetic separation, in which the water flow only acts to enhance the magnetic property, and there still exists a key problem that fine particle aggregates affect the magnetic separation effect.
The nickel hyper-enriched plant harvest has high pollution and high resource, so that the treatment and disposal process of the nickel hyper-enriched plant harvest has harmlessness, recycling and reduction, and the full-value recycling of the nickel hyper-enriched plant harvest is realized. However, so far, no better method exists in the nickel-cobalt metal recovery technology of nickel hyper-enrichment plants at present; due to the limitation of particle size, when the magnetic separation is applied to the separation of fine micro-particles, the separation effect is poor due to agglomeration, and the magnetic separation cannot be directly applied to the separation of magnetic metals in nickel hyper-enrichment plants. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find a method for separating and recycling nickel metal with high value for nickel hyper-enrichment plants, which is green, safe, efficient and free from secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior plant restoration technology does not have a good recovery method for hyper-enriched plants, and has the problems of resource waste and secondary pollution; the method for recycling nickel and cobalt by nickel metal resource separation, which has high value on nickel hyper-enrichment plants, is green, safe and efficient, does not produce secondary pollution.
The invention aims to provide a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from the nickel super-enriched plants in the aspect of resource utilization of the rare earth super-enriched plants.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel hyper-enriched plants is characterized in that the plants of the nickel hyper-enriched plants are dried and crushed, and the nickel, cobalt and energy oil gas in the nickel hyper-enriched plants are recovered through vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation and ultrasonic auxiliary fluid magnetic separation.
According to the invention, the dried plant of the nickel hyper-enrichment plant is treated by vacuum pyrolysis and sectional condensation, the pyrolysis degree is complete, and the harvested product of the nickel hyper-enrichment plant is pyrolyzed to generate energy substances such as pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and the like; and then, the nickel in the residue and the associated cobalt magnetic elements are separated and recovered by adopting ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation pyrolysis, and the method combines the ultrasonic and fluid magnetic separation, so that the problem of fine particle agglomeration in the magnetic separation process is solved, and the separation efficiency is obviously improved. The method combines vacuum pyrolysis condensation and ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation, realizes the recovery of pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and nickel and cobalt elements, is green and efficient in the whole process, and has important application value in the field of nickel hyper-enrichment plant recycling.
Specifically, the method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from the nickel super-enriched plant comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the harvested plants of the nickel hyper-enrichment plants, and performing pyrolysis condensation treatment on the obtained powder in a vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device;
s2, after pyrolysis is completed, collecting pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues, taking the pyrolysis residues, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
s3, carrying out ultrasonic auxiliary fluid magnetic separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step S2, collecting nickel-cobalt microparticles and magnetic separation waste liquid, carrying out suction filtration on the magnetic separation waste liquid to obtain a filtrate, wherein the obtained filtrate is inorganic substances such as carbon, silicon and the like and can be recycled.
Further, the nickel hyperaccumulation plant is camelina sativa, phyllanthus urinaria, Alysium or hainan poison mouse.
Furthermore, in step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the first-stage pyrolysis region of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 650 to 750 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 20 to 30 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time is 30 to 45 min; the condensation temperature of the second section condensation area is 160-180 ℃, and the condensation temperature of the third section condensation area is 60-80 ℃.
Preferably, in step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the first-stage pyrolysis region of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 700-750 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 25-30 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time is 30-40 min; the condensation temperature of the second section of condensation area is 170-180 ℃, and the condensation temperature of the third section of condensation area is 70-80 ℃.
More preferably, in step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the first-stage pyrolysis region of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 700 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 30 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time is 30 min; the condensation temperature of the second section of condensation zone is 180 ℃ and the condensation temperature of the third section of condensation zone is 80 ℃.
Further, in step S1, the vacuum degree of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 10-100 Pa. Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 10-50 Pa; more preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 10 Pa.
Further, in step S2, the mass-to-volume ratio of the pyrolysis residue to water is 1: (300-700) g/ml. Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the pyrolysis residue to water is 1: (400-600) g/ml; more preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the pyrolysis residue to water is 1: 500 g/ml.
Further, in step S2, the stirring temperature is 25 to 55 ℃, and the stirring time is 10 to 30 min. Preferably, the stirring temperature is 25-40 ℃, and the stirring time is 20-30 min; more preferably, the stirring temperature is 35 ℃ and the stirring time is 30 min.
Furthermore, in step S3, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation is 100-250W. Preferably, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation is 150-250W; more preferably, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation is 200W.
In addition, the invention also provides application of the method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from the nickel super-enriched plant in resource utilization of the rare earth super-enriched plant.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants, which comprises the steps of drying and crushing the plants of the nickel super-enriched plants, performing vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation and ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation, and recovering nickel, cobalt and energy oil gas in the nickel super-enriched plants, so that the problems of resource waste and secondary pollution in the recovery of the super-enriched plants are solved, nickel and cobalt microparticles with smaller particle size can be recovered and separated, and the recovery rate and the recovery purity are obviously improved; the method is green and efficient, is simple to operate, and the obtained product has high utilization value and high environmental and economic benefits, and has important application value in the field of rare earth hyper-enrichment plant recycling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are conventional in the art, except as otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1 method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel-enriched plant
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting the plant of the cardamine hirsute with the nickel hyper-enrichment plant, drying, and crushing the dried plant in a shearing type crusher to obtain uniform cardamine hirsute powder; weighing 40g of obtained camelina sativa powder, putting the powder into a vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device, setting the vacuum degree of a first section pyrolysis area to be 10Pa, setting the final pyrolysis temperature to be 700 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 30 ℃/min, and carrying out pyrolysis for 30 min; setting the condensation temperature of the second section of condensation area to be 180 ℃ and the condensation temperature of the third section of condensation area to be 80 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis condensation treatment;
s2, after pyrolysis is completed, collecting pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas to obtain 29.435g of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, and analyzing the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas by adopting GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), wherein the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas mainly comprise ethylene oxide and acetaldehyde and can be recycled as energy substances; collecting pyrolysis residues, measuring a small amount of the pyrolysis residues by ICP (inductively coupled plasma), wherein the content of nickel is 18.63% and the content of cobalt is 12.09%, weighing 0.5g of the residual pyrolysis residues, adding 250ml of distilled water, and stirring at 25 ℃ for 30min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
s3, carrying out ultrasonic auxiliary fluid magnetic separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step S2, setting the ultrasonic power to be 150W, and collecting 0.1426g of nickel-cobalt microparticles on a collecting pad, wherein the purity is 98.26%, and the recovery rate is 78%; and collecting the magnetic separation waste liquid in a waste liquid collecting pool, and carrying out suction filtration on the magnetic separation waste liquid by a water pump to obtain 0.3566g of filter, wherein the obtained filter is inorganic substances such as carbon, silicon and the like and can be recovered.
Example 2 method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the harvested plant of the nickel hyper-enriched plant phyllanthus urinaria, and crushing the dried plant in a shear type crusher to obtain uniform phyllanthus urinaria powder; weighing 40g of the obtained phyllanthus urinaria powder, putting the phyllanthus urinaria powder into a vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device, setting the vacuum degree of a first section pyrolysis area to be 50Pa, the pyrolysis final temperature to be 650 ℃, the heating rate to be 25 ℃/min, and pyrolyzing for 30 min; setting the condensation temperature of the second section of condensation area to be 160 ℃, setting the condensation temperature of the third section of condensation area to be 70 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis condensation treatment;
s2, after pyrolysis is completed, collecting pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas to obtain 36.887g of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, and analyzing the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas by adopting GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), wherein the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas mainly comprise ethylene oxide and acetaldehyde and can be recycled as energy substances; collecting pyrolysis residues, measuring a small amount of the pyrolysis residues by ICP (inductively coupled plasma), wherein the nickel content is 18.87%, the cobalt content is 11.96%, weighing 0.6g of the residual pyrolysis residues, adding 300ml of distilled water, and stirring at 35 ℃ for 30min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
s3, carrying out ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step S2, setting the ultrasonic power to be 200W, and collecting 0.1801g of nickel-cobalt microparticles on a collecting pad, wherein the purity is 99.07%, and the recovery rate is 73%; collecting the magnetic separation waste liquid in the waste liquid collecting pool, and performing suction filtration on the magnetic separation waste liquid through a water pump to obtain 0.4050g of filter, wherein the obtained filter is carbon, silicon and other inorganic substances and can be recycled.
Example 3 method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the harvested plant of the nickel hyper-enriched plant phyllanthus urinaria, and crushing the dried plant in a shear type crusher to obtain uniform phyllanthus urinaria powder; weighing 40g of the obtained phyllanthus urinaria powder in a vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device, setting the vacuum degree of a first section pyrolysis area to be 50Pa, the final pyrolysis temperature to be 650 ℃, the heating rate to be 25 ℃/min, and pyrolyzing for 30 min; setting the condensation temperature of a second section of condensation area to be 160 ℃, setting the condensation temperature of a third section of condensation area to be 70 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis condensation treatment;
s2, after pyrolysis is completed, collecting pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas to obtain 35.996g of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, and analyzing the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas by adopting GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), wherein the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas mainly comprise ethylene oxide and acetaldehyde and can be recycled as energy substances; collecting pyrolysis residues, measuring a small amount of the pyrolysis residues by ICP (inductively coupled plasma), wherein the content of nickel is 19.21%, the content of cobalt is 12.47%, weighing 0.6g of the residual pyrolysis residues, adding 300ml of distilled water, and stirring at 35 ℃ for 30min to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
s3, carrying out ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step S2, setting the ultrasonic power to be 100W, and collecting 0.2101g of nickel-cobalt microparticles on a collecting pad, wherein the purity is 78.07%, and the recovery rate is 68%; and collecting the magnetic separation waste liquid in a waste liquid collecting pool, and carrying out suction filtration on the magnetic separation waste liquid by a water pump to obtain 0.3540g of filter, wherein the obtained filter is inorganic substances such as carbon, silicon and the like and can be recovered.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the harvested plants of the nickel hyper-enrichment plants, and performing pyrolysis condensation treatment on the obtained powder in a vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device;
s2, after pyrolysis is completed, collecting pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues, adding water into the pyrolysis residues, and uniformly stirring at 25-55 ℃ to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
s3, carrying out ultrasonic auxiliary fluid magnetic separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step S2, collecting to obtain nickel-cobalt microparticles and magnetic separation waste liquid, and carrying out suction filtration on the magnetic separation waste liquid to obtain a filtrate;
in the step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of a first section pyrolysis area of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 650-750 ℃, the heating rate is 20-30 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time is 30-45 min; the condensation temperature of the second section of condensation area is 160-180 ℃, and the condensation temperature of the third section of condensation area is 60-80 ℃.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nickel hyperaccumulation plant is camelina sativa, phyllanthus urinaria, Alysium, or hainan poison mouse.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the first stage pyrolysis zone of the vacuum pyrolysis sectional condensation device is 700 to 750 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 25 to 30 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time is 30 to 40 min; the condensation temperature of the second section of condensation area is 170-180 ℃, and the condensation temperature of the third section of condensation area is 70-80 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the vacuum degree of the vacuum pyrolysis staged condensation device is 10-100 Pa.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the pyrolysis residue and water have a mass-to-volume ratio of 1: (300-700) g/ml.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic-assisted fluid magnetic separation is 100-250W.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S3, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic-assisted magnetic separation is 200W.
8. The application of the method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel-enriched plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in the aspect of resource utilization of rare earth-enriched plants.
CN202110721247.2A 2021-06-28 2021-06-28 Method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel super-enriched plants Active CN113564362B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101054187A (en) * 2007-04-03 2007-10-17 深圳市格林美高新技术股份有限公司 Selective volatilization recovery process and recovery system for waste zinc-manganese battery
CN103509945A (en) * 2012-06-15 2014-01-15 西南科技大学 Method for recovering arsenic from arsenic-enriched plant
CN110983049A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-10 中山大学 Method for recovering nickel and energy substances from nickel super-enriched plants
CN111020239A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-17 中山大学 Method for recovering rare earth and energy substances from rare earth hyper-enrichment plants
CN111945006A (en) * 2020-08-21 2020-11-17 昆明理工大学 Method for separating and recovering valuable metals in lithium ion battery roasting product

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101054187A (en) * 2007-04-03 2007-10-17 深圳市格林美高新技术股份有限公司 Selective volatilization recovery process and recovery system for waste zinc-manganese battery
CN103509945A (en) * 2012-06-15 2014-01-15 西南科技大学 Method for recovering arsenic from arsenic-enriched plant
CN110983049A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-10 中山大学 Method for recovering nickel and energy substances from nickel super-enriched plants
CN111020239A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-17 中山大学 Method for recovering rare earth and energy substances from rare earth hyper-enrichment plants
CN111945006A (en) * 2020-08-21 2020-11-17 昆明理工大学 Method for separating and recovering valuable metals in lithium ion battery roasting product

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