CN113563897A - Decomposable liquid mulching film prepared from kitchen waste and preparation method - Google Patents
Decomposable liquid mulching film prepared from kitchen waste and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113563897A CN113563897A CN202110846928.1A CN202110846928A CN113563897A CN 113563897 A CN113563897 A CN 113563897A CN 202110846928 A CN202110846928 A CN 202110846928A CN 113563897 A CN113563897 A CN 113563897A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
A decomposable liquid mulching film prepared from kitchen waste: (1) a pretreatment procedure: removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing the kitchen waste into fine particles, sending the particles into a wet decomposition reactor for wet decomposition treatment, separating three phases to obtain water, grease and organic solid, and drying and sieving the organic solid for later use; (2) dispersing and dissolving: respectively placing the organic solid matter and the film forming agent in a weight ratio of 1:1-6:1 into two reaction kettles, adding the aqueous solution, and stirring at 85-95 ℃; (3) a graft copolymerization process: mixing the organic solid matter and the film-forming agent solution obtained in the step (2), sequentially adding 1.6-3.0 wt.% of plasticizer under stirring, and stirring in a sealed reaction kettle; (4) a crosslinking reaction step: and opening the reaction kettle, adding 0.4-2.0 wt.% of cross-linking agent, sealing the reaction kettle for reaction, and cooling to obtain the decomposable liquid mulching film. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the liquid mulching film.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a solid waste recycling technology in the field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a liquid mulching film which is suitable for decomposition and utilization of multisource organic wastes mainly comprising starch, protein, cellulose and the like, is prepared into a liquid mulching film and is applied to improvement of farmland soil, can decompose under natural conditions, and is an environment-friendly green material.
In particular to a green decomposable liquid mulching film prepared by kitchen waste.
The invention also relates to a method for preparing the decomposable liquid mulching film.
Background
The plastic mulching film is used as an important agricultural product, and brings great economic and social benefits to modern agriculture. However, because the organic fertilizer is difficult to degrade and is heavily used and slightly recycled for a long time, a large amount of residual film and micro plastic continuously enter the soil, so that the soil fertility is reduced, and the ecological environment and the human health are seriously threatened. It is reported that when the soil residual film accumulation amount reaches 58.5kg ha-1At most, the yield of vegetables, wheat and corn is reduced by 59.2%, 16.0% and 23.0%. In order to solve the problem of white pollution of the plastic mulching film, a disposable plastic product banning order, a producer responsibility extension system, a novel plastic mulching film recycling method, active development of a degradable mulching film material and the like are proposed in various countries in the world.
The liquid mulching film is used as a novel completely degradable mulching film material, and has been a new trend in agricultural film development because the liquid mulching film has the functions of preserving heat, increasing soil moisture, inhibiting weeds and improving the quality of soil microenvironment. The polymer is prepared by taking green renewable organic polymers and the like as main carbon frameworks, adding an environment-friendly film-forming auxiliary agent and carrying out physical stirring or chemical reaction. After being sprayed on the soil surface, the water can permeate into soil gaps, is combined with soil clay minerals, and forms a solid coagulation film between soil and an atmosphere interface along with water evaporation. However, the application effect of the existing liquid mulching film product is generally inferior to that of a plastic mulching film, and the popularization and application of the existing liquid mulching film product are limited due to high cost and low film forming strength.
The kitchen waste is used as an important component of the household garbage and has resource and pollution duality. The liquid mulching film product with stable mechanical strength is obtained by forming a stable space structure through interaction of different active groups under the regulation and control of an environment-friendly film forming auxiliary agent, wherein active components such as starch, protein, cellulose and the like which are rich are main raw materials of the liquid mulching film.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a decomposable liquid mulching film prepared from kitchen waste, aiming at the practical problems of obvious gap in kitchen waste treatment capacity, long period, high cost, low product added value and the like of the existing recycling technology.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned decomposable liquid mulching film.
In order to achieve the purpose, the decomposable liquid mulching film prepared from the kitchen waste is obtained by the following method:
(1) a pretreatment procedure: removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing the kitchen waste into fine particles, sending the particles into a wet decomposition reactor for wet decomposition treatment, separating three phases to obtain water, grease and organic solid, and drying and sieving the organic solid for later use;
(2) dispersing and dissolving: respectively placing the organic solid matter and the film forming agent in a weight ratio of 1:1-6:1 into two reaction kettles, adding the aqueous solution, and stirring at 85-95 ℃;
(3) a graft copolymerization process: mixing the organic solid matter and the film-forming agent solution obtained in the step (2), sequentially adding 1.6-3.0 wt.% of plasticizer under stirring, and stirring in a sealed reaction kettle;
(4) a crosslinking reaction step: and opening the reaction kettle, adding 0.4-2.0 wt.% of cross-linking agent, sealing the reaction kettle for reaction, and cooling to obtain the decomposable liquid mulching film.
The method for preparing the decomposable liquid mulching film comprises the following steps:
(1) a pretreatment procedure: removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing the kitchen waste into fine particles, sending the particles into a wet decomposition reactor for wet decomposition treatment, separating three phases to obtain water, grease and organic solid, and drying and sieving the organic solid for later use;
(2) dispersing and dissolving: respectively placing the organic solid matter and the film forming agent in a weight ratio of 1:1-6:1 into two reaction kettles, adding the aqueous solution, and stirring at 85-95 ℃;
(3) a graft copolymerization process: mixing the organic solid matter and the film-forming agent solution obtained in the step (2), sequentially adding 1.6-3.0 wt.% of plasticizer under stirring, and stirring in a sealed reaction kettle;
(4) a crosslinking reaction step: and opening the reaction kettle, adding 0.4-2.0 wt.% of cross-linking agent, sealing the reaction kettle, stirring for reaction, and cooling to obtain the decomposable liquid mulching film.
The method comprises the step of sieving the organic solid in the step (1) by a sieve of 60-80 meshes for later use.
The method, wherein the film forming agent in the step (2) is any one of sodium alginate, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and carrageenan, and the concentration is 1.0-4.0%.
The method, wherein in the step (2), the two reaction kettles are stirred at 400rpm for 30-45 minutes.
The method described above, wherein the plasticizer in step (3) is any one of glycerin, polyglycerol, triethanolamine, sorbitol, and ethylene glycol.
The method, wherein the reaction kettle is sealed in the step (3) and stirred at 400rpm for 10-20 minutes.
In the method, the cross-linking agent in the step (4) is any one of glutaraldehyde, calcium chloride, sodium polyphosphate, glyoxal and hexamethylenetetramine.
The method comprises the step (4) of sealing the reaction kettle and reacting for 2-3 hours at 100-200 rpm.
The invention has the following characteristics:
1. the raw materials adopted by the invention are kitchen wastes, are rich in active organic components such as starch, protein and cellulose, and form the sprayable decomposable liquid mulching film with a stable three-dimensional network structure under the assistance of a crosslinking auxiliary agent through the interaction of active groups of different components.
2. Compared with the traditional kitchen waste recycling process, the process provided by the invention is efficient, simple to operate, added in value and free of harmful substances.
3. The water-absorbent resin prepared by the method has good soil moisture conservation performance and mechanical performance, the tensile strength of the water-absorbent resin can reach 2-6MPa, and the water vapor transmission rate reaches 435.00-620 g/(m)224h), the water vapor transmission coefficient reached 8.35-13.22X 10- 12g/(cm. s. Pa), and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for preparing a decomposable liquid mulching film from kitchen waste;
fig. 2 is an appearance diagram before and after kitchen waste treatment, wherein (a) collected kitchen waste, (b) kitchen waste solid after pretreatment, and (c) kitchen waste can be sprayed with a liquid mulching film.
Detailed Description
The decomposable liquid mulching film prepared by utilizing the kitchen waste solves the problems of high cost, low film forming strength, poor water retention performance and the like of the existing liquid mulching film. The main technical characteristics are as follows: crushing, wet decomposing and three-phase separating the kitchen waste to obtain an organic solid, dispersing the organic solid in an aqueous solution, sequentially adding a film-forming agent, a cross-linking agent and a plasticizer into a reaction system, and carrying out graft cross-linking reaction to obtain the sprayable decomposable liquid mulching film. The material prepared by the invention has good mechanical property and heat preservation and soil moisture preservation functions, and has higher application value in the fields of engineering slope protection, soil improvement, sand fixation, grass planting and the like.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following further describes the process flow and the specific morphology of the product in combination with the drawings and examples.
The invention provides a method for converting kitchen waste into a sprayable decomposable liquid mulching film, which is mainly obtained by adopting a solution blending process through graft copolymerization and crosslinking reaction among active components of the kitchen waste and between the active components and a reaction auxiliary agent. The kitchen waste is used for producing the sprayable liquid mulching film, so that the problems of recycling technologies such as kitchen waste composting and anaerobic digestion at the present stage can be effectively solved, and the whole technological process is simple and efficient to operate, low in cost, high in product added value, wide in applicability and wide in market prospect.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention further, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and other insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth herein.
Example 1:
removing impurities from kitchen waste (see fig. 2a), crushing the kitchen waste into fine particles, carrying out a wet decomposition treatment in a wet decomposition reactor, carrying out three-phase separation to obtain water, grease and organic solid matters, and drying and sieving the organic solid matters (see fig. 2b) for later use.
With reference to the process flow chart of fig. 1, 2.00g of the organic solid of the kitchen waste after pretreatment is partially dissolved in 0.04L of water at 90 ℃ under the conditions of ultrasonic assistance and stirring. Meanwhile, 0.50g of sodium alginate as a film forming agent is weighed, is completely dissolved in 0.05L of water at 85 ℃ under stirring, is transferred to dispersion liquid of organic solid matters of kitchen waste after being cooled, is added with 2.04g of plasticizer glycerol, is stirred for 10 minutes, is added with 0.56g of cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde, is quickly stirred for 10 minutes at 400rpm, and is closed. The temperature of the system is adjusted to 90 ℃, the reaction is continued for 3 hours at 200rpm, and the spraying decomposable liquid mulching film can be obtained after cooling (see figure 2C). After spraying, the mulching film with the thickness of about 0.40mm is formed, the tensile strength of the mulching film reaches 5.05Mpa, and the water vapor transmission rate reaches 437.31 g/(m)224h), the water vapor transmission coefficient reached 8.77X 10-12g/(cm s.Pa), and the decay rate reaches 85.67 percent after 17 days of using the post-tillage soil.
Example 2:
1.25g of the organic solid matter of the kitchen waste after pretreatment, 0.50g of the film forming agent, is partially dissolved in 0.04L of water under the condition of stirring at 90 ℃. All in oneWhen the method is used, 0.50g of sodium alginate as a film forming agent is weighed, the sodium alginate is completely dissolved in 0.05L of water under the condition of stirring at 80 ℃, the mixture is transferred to dispersion liquid of organic solid matters of kitchen waste after being cooled, then 1.91g of plasticizer glycerol is added, after stirring for 10 minutes, 0.95g of cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde is added, the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 350rpm, and a reaction kettle is closed. The temperature of the system is adjusted to 90 ℃, and after the reaction is continued for 3 hours at 200rpm, the liquid mulching film which can be sprayed and can be decomposed can be obtained after cooling. After spraying, a mulching film with the thickness of about 0.31mm is formed, the tensile strength of the mulching film reaches 3.91MPa, and the water vapor transmission rate reaches 513.61 g/(m)224h), the water vapor transmission coefficient reached 11.8X 10-11g/(cm.s.Pa), and the decay rate of 80.47 percent after 17 days of using the post-ploughing to dig.
The above examples are merely examples provided for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. The kitchen waste can adopt a mixture of various renewable organic components mainly comprising starch, protein and cellulose. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented with good results.
Claims (9)
1. A decomposable liquid mulching film prepared from kitchen waste is obtained by the following method:
(1) a pretreatment procedure: removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing the kitchen waste into fine particles, sending the particles into a wet decomposition reactor for wet decomposition treatment, separating three phases to obtain water, grease and organic solid, and drying and sieving the organic solid for later use;
(2) dispersing and dissolving: respectively placing the organic solid matter and the film forming agent in a weight ratio of 1:1-6:1 into two reaction kettles, adding the aqueous solution, and stirring at 85-95 ℃;
(3) a graft copolymerization process: mixing the organic solid matter and the film-forming agent solution obtained in the step (2), sequentially adding 1.6-3.0 wt.% of plasticizer under stirring, and stirring in a sealed reaction kettle;
(4) a crosslinking reaction step: and opening the reaction kettle, adding 0.4-2.0 wt.% of cross-linking agent, sealing the reaction kettle for reaction, and cooling to obtain the decomposable liquid mulching film.
2. A method of preparing the compostable liquid mulch of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
(1) a pretreatment procedure: removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing the kitchen waste into fine particles, sending the particles into a wet decomposition reactor for wet decomposition treatment, separating three phases to obtain water, grease and organic solid, and drying and sieving the organic solid for later use;
(2) dispersing and dissolving: respectively placing the organic solid matter and the film forming agent in a weight ratio of 1:1-6:1 into two reaction kettles, adding the aqueous solution, and stirring at 85-95 ℃;
(3) a graft copolymerization process: mixing the organic solid matter and the film-forming agent solution obtained in the step (2), sequentially adding 1.6-3.0 wt.% of plasticizer under stirring, and stirring in a sealed reaction kettle;
(4) a crosslinking reaction step: and opening the reaction kettle, adding 0.4-2.0 wt.% of cross-linking agent, sealing the reaction kettle, stirring for reaction, and cooling to obtain the decomposable liquid mulching film.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the organic solids in step (1) are passed through a 60-80 mesh screen for use.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the film forming agent in step (2) is any one of sodium alginate, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and carrageenan, and the concentration is 1.0-4.0%.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein in step (2) the two reaction vessels are stirred at 400rpm for 30-45 minutes.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plasticizer in step (3) is any one of glycerin, polyglycerol, triethanolamine, sorbitol, and ethylene glycol.
7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sealed reaction vessel in step (3) is stirred at 400rpm of 300 ℃ for 10-20 minutes.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cross-linking agent in step (4) is any one of glutaraldehyde, calcium chloride, sodium polyphosphate, glyoxal, hexamethylenetetramine.
9. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reaction in step (4) is carried out in a sealed reaction vessel at 200rpm and 100 rpm for 2-3 hours.
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2021
- 2021-07-27 CN CN202110846928.1A patent/CN113563897A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN101161718A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2008-04-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Biological degradation liquid film and preparation method |
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