CN113563096A - Preparation method of chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the chopped carbon fibers and dispersing the pretreated chopped carbon fibers in a dispersing agent solution to obtain a carbon fiber dispersion solution; (2) adding the carbon fiber dispersion liquid into the asphalt dispersion liquid, and stirring to obtain a carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid; (3) adding fine carbon raw material powder containing graphite powder into the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid, stirring, kneading, and heating to remove the solvent to obtain a mixed material; (4) drying, crushing and sieving the mixed material to obtain fine powder; (5) mixing and kneading the fine powder and coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder, raising the temperature to be higher than the softening point of asphalt by 10-20 ℃, mixing and kneading, molding and roasting. The C/C composite material prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform distribution of all components, small porosity, high volume density, high strength and excellent processing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of C/C composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material.
Background
The C/C composite material is a high-technology material developed in the late 50 s of the 20 th century. The alloy has a series of excellent performances such as high specific strength, high temperature resistance, ablation resistance, wear resistance and the like, and is widely applied to various fields such as national defense and military industry, high-voltage electrical appliances, metallurgical chemical industry, motor manufacturing, nuclear reactors and the like. However, the C/C composite material prepared by weaving long fibers has high preparation cost, and the chopped carbon fiber reinforced asphalt-based C/C composite material (SCFRC) is more economical and efficient in the field with certain performance requirements between the high-performance C/C composite material and the isostatic graphite material. The chopped carbon fiber reinforced asphalt-based C/C composite material has the characteristics of rich raw material sources, simple forming process, low preparation cost and the like, so that the application prospect of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced asphalt-based C/C composite material is more attractive than that of a continuous carbon fiber reinforced C/C composite material. However, the strength of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced asphalt-based C/C composite material prepared at present is still not high enough, so that the application field of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced asphalt-based C/C composite material is limited, and therefore, the development of a novel chopped carbon fiber reinforced C/C composite material is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and shortcomings in the background technology and providing a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the chopped carbon fibers and dispersing the pretreated chopped carbon fibers in a dispersing agent solution to obtain a carbon fiber dispersion solution;
(2) adding the carbon fiber dispersion liquid into the asphalt dispersion liquid, and stirring and dispersing to obtain a carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid;
(3) adding fine carbon raw material powder containing graphite powder into the carbon fiber/pitch dispersion liquid, stirring, kneading, and heating to remove a solvent to obtain a mixed material;
(4) drying the mixed material, and then crushing and sieving to obtain fine powder;
(5) and (3) kneading the fine powder and coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder, raising the temperature to be higher than the softening point of asphalt by 10-20 ℃, continuing kneading, then molding, and roasting the obtained molded product.
In the process of preparing the C/C composite material, the fine carbon raw material powder is added into the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid for kneading, then the obtained fine powder and the coarse carbon raw material powder are kneaded, so that the secondary agglomeration of the short carbon fibers in the kneading process can be effectively prevented, the temperature is increased to be above the softening point of the asphalt for kneading after the short carbon fibers are kneaded for a certain time, the fluidity of the asphalt can be increased, the asphalt uniformly covers the surface of the carbon raw material, the short carbon fibers in the prepared C/C composite material are uniformly distributed, the increasing effect of the short carbon fibers is excellent, and the strength of a C/C composite material product is effectively improved.
In the above preparation method, preferably, in the step (1), the chopped carbon fibers have a diameter of 3 to 10 μm and a length of 0.5 to 2mm, and the pretreatment includes the steps of: treating the chopped carbon fibers with concentrated nitric acid at 30-90 ℃ for 0.5-1h, cleaning to be neutral, and drying. The chopped carbon fiber is treated by concentrated nitric acid, so that the specific surface area and the surface functional group content of the fiber can be effectively improved, and the interface bonding strength of the fiber and the asphalt is enhanced.
Preferably, in the step (1), the dispersant is one or more of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethylated derivatives of cellulose; the mass concentration of the dispersant solution is 40-60%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the asphalt dispersion liquid is prepared by dissolving at least one of medium-temperature asphalt, high-temperature asphalt and modified asphalt in an organic solvent; the organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, toluene and xylene; the mass content of the asphalt in the asphalt dispersion liquid is 40-60%.
Preferably, in the step (3), the fine carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of fine graphite powder, 55-75 parts of fine coke powder and 0-10 parts of carbon black; the particle size D50 of the fine graphite powder and the fine coke powder is 1-8 μm, and the particle size D50 of the carbon black is less than 1 μm;
in the step (5), the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of coarse stone ink powder and 60-70 parts of coarse coke powder; the particle size D50 of the coarse stone toner and the coarse coke powder is 10-30 μm.
The invention can effectively reduce the porosity of the product and increase the volume density of the product by controlling the grain diameter and the component composition of the fine carbon raw powder and the coarse carbon raw powder.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mixture is dried in an oven at 40-80 ℃, and is ground and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve.
Preferably, in the step (5), the molding specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the material obtained by kneading in a rubber sleeve, extracting gas in the rubber sleeve, sealing, placing in a cold isostatic press, pressurizing under the pressure of 100 plus materials and 200MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5-15min under the highest pressure, and then decompressing according to a step-by-step depressurization method to obtain a molded product.
Preferably, in the step (5), the roasting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: filling the formed product into a sagger, burying the filler obtained by uniformly mixing river sand and metallurgical coke, placing the sagger into a monomer roasting furnace, heating to 280 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/h, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/h, heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-6 ℃/h, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/h, preserving heat at the temperature for 1-2h, and naturally cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished product. Because the content of the fine carbon raw material powder is high, the yield of the product in the roasting process can be improved by adopting a slow heating rate and then naturally cooling.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersing agent, the pitch, the fine carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder is 3: 5-10: 20-28: 30-45.
Preferably, in the step (1), the dispersion mode is that ultrasonic and strong stirring are simultaneously adopted for dispersion, and the dispersion time is 1-2 h; in the step (2), strong stirring is adopted for dispersing; in the step (3), the kneading time is 0.5-1 h; in the step (5), the time for kneading the fine powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder is 0.5-1h, and the time for continuing kneading is 1-2 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, a proper amount of short carbon fibers are added in the preparation of the graphite material, so that the strength of the carbon material can be improved, the good processing performance of the carbon graphite material can be maintained, and the production and processing cost of the material can not be greatly increased.
2. The raw materials added in the invention are suitable, and the steps are mutually matched, so that the prepared C/C composite material has the advantages of uniform distribution of all components, small porosity, high volume density, high strength of the product, high breaking strength of over 75MPa and excellent processing performance. The whole process is easy to operate and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) treating short cut carbon fiber with diameter of 3-10 μm and length of 0.5-2mm with concentrated nitric acid at 90 deg.C for 0.5h, cleaning to neutrality, and oven drying; and dispersing a certain amount of the treated chopped carbon fibers in a CMC solution with the mass concentration of 40%, and dispersing for 1h by adopting ultrasonic and strong stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon fibers in the solution to obtain a carbon fiber dispersion solution.
(2) Dissolving medium temperature asphalt in tetrahydrofuran as organic solvent to form asphalt dispersion liquid with asphalt content of 50%, adding the carbon fiber dispersion liquid into the asphalt dispersion liquid in 4 batches, and dispersing by strong stirring to obtain the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid.
(3) Adding the dried fine carbon raw material powder into the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid in 3 batches, stirring for 0.5h to enable the paste to form a mud shape, kneading for 1h, slowly heating to 45 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content of the mixed material is less than 5%, and the organic solvent is less than 3%.
(4) Drying the mixed material in an oven at 80 ℃ to completely remove the solvent, crushing the dried mixed material through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine powder, and uniformly dispersing the short-cut carbon fibers in the fine carbon raw material to be coated by the asphalt.
(5) And (2) kneading the fine powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder in a kneader for 1h, raising the temperature to be higher than the asphalt softening point by 10 ℃, continuing kneading for 1h, filling the kneaded material in a rubber sleeve, pumping gas in the rubber sleeve, sealing, placing the rubber sleeve in a cold isostatic press, pressurizing under 200MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min at the highest pressure, and then decompressing according to a step-by-step depressurization method to obtain a molded product.
Roasting the formed product, wherein the roasting treatment comprises the following specific steps: placing the formed product into a sagger, and mixing river sand and metallurgical coke according to the weight ratio of 3: 7, burying the uniformly mixed filler in a mass ratio, placing the filler in a monomer roasting furnace, heating to 220 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/h, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/h, heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/h, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/h, preserving heat at the temperature for 2h, and naturally cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
In the above embodiment, the mass ratio of the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersant CMC, the medium temperature pitch, the fine carbonaceous raw material powder, and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder is 3: 8: 21: 45: 31.
wherein the fine carbonaceous raw material powder is prepared from fine graphite powder, fine coke powder and carbon black according to the mass ratio of 35: 60: 5 mixing and preparing; the particle size D50 of the fine graphite powder is 5 μm, the particle size D50 of the fine coke powder is 8 μm, and the aggregate particle size D50 of the carbon black is less than 1 μm.
The coarse carbonaceous raw material powder is prepared from coarse stone ink powder and coarse coke powder in a mass ratio of 35: 65 mixing and preparing; the particle size D50 of the coarse graphite powder was 25 μm, and the particle size D50 of the coarse coke powder was 25 μm.
The volume density of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material prepared by the embodiment is 1.74g/cm3The flexural strength was 86MPa and the volume resistivity was 53.6. mu. omega. m.
The specific measurement method of the conductivity, the flexural strength and the bulk density is as follows:
A. measurement of the conductivity:
the prepared composite material sample was subjected to resistivity measurement using an SX1934(SZ-82) digital four-probe tester. Then, the conductivity is calculated according to the formula as follows:
wherein, δ is the conductivity (S · cm) of the sample-1)
ρ is the resistivity (Ω. cm) of the sample
B. Measurement of flexural strength:
a piece of 100 mm. times.10 mm in specification was cut out as a test piece to be tested on the prepared composite material sample using a grinding wheel grinder. According to the ASTM D790 test standard, the flexural strength of the test specimen is measured by a WTJW-100 electronic universal tester, the span between the supporting points is 60mm, and the displacement speed of the pressure head is 1 mm/min. The formula for calculating the three-point flexural strength is as follows:
wherein σfThree points of flexural strength (MPa);
p is a breaking load (N);
l is the span (mm) between the lower support points;
b is the specimen width (mm);
h is the specimen thickness (mm).
C. Measurement of bulk density
The volume (V) is calculated by measuring the three geometric dimensions of the length, width and height of the sample, the mass (M) of the sample is weighed, and then the volume density (rho) of the sample is calculated by the formula rho-M/V.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) treating short cut carbon fiber with diameter of 3-10 μm and length of 0.5-2mm with concentrated nitric acid at 60 deg.C for 1h, cleaning to neutrality, and oven drying; and dispersing a certain amount of the treated chopped carbon fibers in a CMC solution with the mass concentration of 40%, and dispersing for 1h by adopting ultrasonic and strong stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon fibers in the solution to obtain a carbon fiber dispersion solution.
(2) Dissolving high-temperature asphalt in tetrahydrofuran as an organic solvent to form asphalt dispersion liquid with the asphalt content of 50%, adding the carbon fiber dispersion liquid into the asphalt dispersion liquid by 4 batches, and dispersing by adopting strong stirring to obtain the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid.
(3) Adding the dried fine carbon raw material powder into the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid in 4 batches, stirring for 0.5h to enable the paste to form a mud shape, kneading for 0.5h, slowly heating to 45 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content of the mixed material is less than 5%, and the organic solvent is less than 3%.
(4) Drying the mixed material in an oven at 80 ℃ to completely remove the solvent, crushing the dried mixed material through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine powder, and uniformly dispersing the short-cut carbon fibers in the fine carbon raw material to be coated by the asphalt.
(5) And (2) kneading the fine powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder in a kneader for 1h, raising the temperature to be higher than the asphalt softening point by 10 ℃, continuing kneading for 1.5h, filling the kneaded material in a rubber sleeve, pumping gas in the rubber sleeve, sealing, placing the rubber sleeve in a cold isostatic press, pressurizing under 180MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min at the highest pressure, and then decompressing according to a step-by-step depressurization method to obtain a molded product.
The molded product is roasted, and the roasting treatment comprises the following specific steps: placing the formed product into a sagger, and mixing river sand and metallurgical coke according to the weight ratio of 3: 7, burying the uniformly mixed filler in a mass ratio, placing the filler in a monomer roasting furnace, heating to 280 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/h, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/h, heating to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/h, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/h, preserving heat at the temperature for 2h, and naturally cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
In the above examples, the mass ratio of the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersant CMC, pitch, fine carbonaceous raw material powder, and coarse carbonaceous raw material powder was 3: 8: 27: 30: 40.
wherein the fine carbonaceous raw material powder is prepared from fine graphite powder, fine coke powder and carbon black according to a mass ratio of 30: 65: 5 mixing and preparing; the particle diameter D50 of the fine graphite powder is 7 μm, the particle diameter D50 of the fine coke powder is 5 μm, and the aggregate particle diameter D50 of the carbon black is less than 1 μm.
The coarse carbonaceous raw material powder is prepared from coarse stone ink powder and coarse coke powder in a mass ratio of 30: 70 mixing and preparing; the particle size D50 of the coarse graphite powder was 20 μm, and the particle size D50 of the coarse coke powder was 30 μm.
The volume density of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material prepared by the embodiment is 1.72g/cm3The flexural strength was 81MPa, and the volume resistivity was 56.4. mu. omega. m. The measurement method was the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) treating short cut carbon fiber with diameter of 3-10 μm and length of 0.5-2mm with concentrated nitric acid at 70 deg.C for 1h, cleaning to neutrality, and oven drying; and dispersing a certain amount of the treated chopped carbon fibers in a CMC solution with the mass concentration of 55%, and dispersing for 1h by adopting ultrasonic and strong stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon fibers in the solution to obtain a carbon fiber dispersion solution.
(2) Dissolving medium temperature asphalt in tetrahydrofuran as organic solvent to form asphalt dispersion liquid with asphalt content of 60%, adding the carbon fiber dispersion liquid into the asphalt dispersion liquid in 4 batches, and dispersing by strong stirring to obtain the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid.
(3) Adding the dried fine carbon raw material powder into the carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid in 3 batches, stirring for 0.5h to enable the paste to form a mud shape, kneading for 0.5h, slowly heating to 45 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content of the mixed material is less than 5%, and the organic solvent is less than 3%.
(4) Drying the mixed material in an oven at 80 ℃ to completely remove the solvent, crushing the dried mixed material through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine powder, and uniformly dispersing the short-cut carbon fibers in the fine carbon raw material to be coated by the asphalt.
(5) And (2) kneading the fine powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder in a kneader for 1h, raising the temperature to be higher than the asphalt softening point by 15 ℃, continuing kneading for 2h, filling the kneaded material in a rubber sleeve, pumping gas in the rubber sleeve, sealing, placing the rubber sleeve in a cold isostatic press, pressurizing under 200MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min at the highest pressure, and then decompressing according to a step-by-step depressurization method to obtain a molded product.
The molded product is roasted, and the roasting treatment comprises the following specific steps: placing the formed product into a sagger, and mixing river sand and metallurgical coke according to the weight ratio of 3: 7, burying the uniformly mixed filler in a mass ratio, placing the filler in a monomer roasting furnace, heating to 260 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/h, heating to 520 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/h, heating to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/h, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 2h, and naturally cooling to below 60 ℃ to discharge.
In the above examples, the mass ratio of the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersant CMC, pitch, fine carbonaceous raw material powder, and coarse carbonaceous raw material powder was 5: 8: 28: 30: 37.
wherein the fine carbonaceous raw material powder is prepared from fine graphite powder, fine coke powder and carbon black according to a mass ratio of 25: 73: 2, mixing and preparing; the particle size D50 of the fine graphite powder is 5 μm, the particle size D50 of the fine coke powder is 8 μm, and the aggregate particle size D50 of the carbon black is less than 1 μm.
The coarse carbonaceous raw material powder is prepared from coarse stone ink powder and coarse coke powder in a mass ratio of 40: 60 mixing and preparing; the particle size D50 of the coarse graphite powder was 28 μm, and the particle size D50 of the coarse coke powder was 28 μm.
The volume density of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material prepared by the embodiment is 1.73g/cm3The flexural strength was 83MPa, and the volume resistivity was 58.8. mu. omega. m. The measurement method was the same as in example 1.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material is different from that in example 3 in that fine carbon raw material powder is prepared from fine graphite powder and fine coke powder in a mass ratio of 27: 73 are mixed and prepared; the particle size D50 of the fine graphite powder was 5 μm, and the particle size D50 of the fine coke powder was 8 μm. The remaining steps were identical to those of example 3.
The volume density of the chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material prepared by the embodiment is 1.72g/cm3The flexural strength was 78.6MPa, and the volume resistivity was 46.7. mu. omega. m. The measurement method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1:
a preparation method of a graphite-based C/C composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving the medium temperature asphalt in tetrahydrofuran as an organic solvent to form asphalt dispersion liquid with the asphalt content of 60%.
(2) Adding the dried fine carbonaceous raw material powder into the asphalt dispersion liquid in 3 batches, stirring for 0.5h to enable the paste to form a paste shape, kneading for 0.5h, slowly heating to 45 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain a mixed material, wherein the water content of the mixed material is less than 5%, and the organic solvent is less than 3%.
(3) Drying the mixed material in an oven at 80 ℃ to completely remove the solvent, and then crushing and sieving the dried mixed material with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine powder.
(4) The fine powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder are kneaded in a kneader for 1 hour, then the temperature is raised to 15 ℃ higher than the softening point of the asphalt, and the kneading is continued for 2 hours, and the specific steps of the subsequent molding and the specific steps of the roasting treatment are the same as those in example 3.
In the above examples, the mass ratio of pitch, fine carbonaceous raw material powder, and coarse carbonaceous raw material powder was 28: 32.5: 39.5. the compositions of the fine carbonaceous starting powder and the coarse carbonaceous starting powder were the same as in example 3.
The bulk density of the graphite-based C/C composite material prepared in this example was 1.77g/cm3The flexural strength was 56.2MPa, and the volume resistivity was 40.4. mu. omega. m. The measurement method was the same as in example 1. As can be seen from comparative example 1, the electrical resistivity of the composite without chopped carbon fiber reinforcement is slightly lower than that of the carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based composite, but the strength is much lower. Thus, the use of carbon fibers for reinforcement is an effective means.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a chopped carbon fiber reinforced graphite-based C/C composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating the chopped carbon fibers and dispersing the pretreated chopped carbon fibers in a dispersing agent solution to obtain a carbon fiber dispersion solution;
(2) adding the carbon fiber dispersion liquid into the asphalt dispersion liquid, and stirring and dispersing to obtain a carbon fiber/asphalt dispersion liquid;
(3) adding fine carbon raw material powder containing graphite powder into the carbon fiber/pitch dispersion liquid, stirring, kneading, and heating to remove a solvent to obtain a mixed material;
(4) drying the mixed material, and then crushing and sieving to obtain fine powder;
(5) and (3) kneading the fine powder and coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder, raising the temperature to be higher than the softening point of asphalt by 10-20 ℃, continuing kneading, then molding, and roasting the obtained molded product.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the chopped carbon fibers have a diameter of 3-10 μm and a length of 0.5-2mm, and the pretreatment comprises the steps of: treating the chopped carbon fibers with concentrated nitric acid at 30-90 ℃ for 0.5-1h, cleaning to be neutral, and drying.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the dispersant is one or more of methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylated derivatives of cellulose; the mass concentration of the dispersant solution is 40-60%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the asphalt dispersion liquid is prepared by dissolving at least one of medium-temperature asphalt, high-temperature asphalt and modified asphalt in an organic solvent; the organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, toluene and xylene; the mass content of the asphalt in the asphalt dispersion liquid is 40-60%.
5. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3), the fine carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of fine graphite powder, 55-75 parts of fine coke powder and 0-10 parts of carbon black; the particle size D50 of the fine graphite powder and the fine coke powder is 1-8 μm, and the particle size D50 of the carbon black is less than 1 μm;
in the step (5), the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of coarse stone ink powder and 60-70 parts of coarse coke powder; the particle size D50 of the coarse stone toner and the coarse coke powder is 10-30 μm.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mixed material is dried in an oven at 40-80 ℃, and is sieved with a 100-mesh sieve after being crushed.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the shaping comprises the following specific steps: and (3) placing the material obtained by kneading in a rubber sleeve, extracting gas in the rubber sleeve, sealing, placing in a cold isostatic press, pressurizing under the pressure of 100 plus materials and 200MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5-15min under the highest pressure, and then decompressing according to a step-by-step depressurization method to obtain a molded product.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the roasting treatment comprises the following specific steps: filling the formed product into a sagger, burying the filler obtained by uniformly mixing river sand and metallurgical coke, placing the sagger into a monomer roasting furnace, heating to 280 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/h, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/h, heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-6 ℃/h, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/h, preserving heat at the temperature for 1-2h, and naturally cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mass ratio of the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersant, pitch, graphite powder-containing fine carbonaceous starting powder, graphite powder-containing coarse carbonaceous starting powder is 3: 5-10: 20-28: 30-45.
10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step (1), the dispersion is carried out by simultaneously using ultrasonic and strong stirring, and the dispersion time is 1 to 2 hours; in the step (2), strong stirring is adopted for dispersing; in the step (3), the kneading time is 0.5-1 h; in the step (5), the time for kneading the fine powder and the coarse carbonaceous raw material powder containing graphite powder is 0.5-1h, and the time for continuing kneading is 1-2 h.
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