CN113560600A - Laser area selection forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy - Google Patents

Laser area selection forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113560600A
CN113560600A CN202110851827.3A CN202110851827A CN113560600A CN 113560600 A CN113560600 A CN 113560600A CN 202110851827 A CN202110851827 A CN 202110851827A CN 113560600 A CN113560600 A CN 113560600A
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laser
powder
nickel
forming method
forming
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Inventor
殷军伟
计霞
刘慧渊
肖静宇
汪承杰
陈志茹
高桦
沈于蓝
郭广浩
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Falcontech Co ltd
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Falcontech Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a GH170 nickel-based superalloy laser selective area forming method, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting materials: taking GH170 high-temperature alloy powder; 2) and (3) drying treatment: fully drying the powder; 3) preparing equipment: vacuumizing the selective laser melting forming equipment, filling inert gas for atmosphere protection, and preheating a platform substrate in the selective laser melting forming equipment; 4) laser material increase: and laying the powder on the platform substrate, melting the solidified powder through laser scanning, repeatedly laying and melting the solidified powder layer by layer, and finally forming the target part layer by layer. Compared with a forging and casting mode, the GH170 nickel-based superalloy laser selective forming method can solve the problems of serious element segregation, large crystal grains, loose shrinkage cavity and the like, overcomes the defects of black spots, white spots and the like, and particularly has obvious forming effect on parts with complex structures, high finished product quality, shortened production time and reduced production cost.

Description

Laser area selection forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of high-temperature alloys, in particular to a GH170 nickel-based high-temperature alloy laser area selection forming method.
Background
GH170 is Ni-Cr-Co based solid solution strengthening type deformation high-temperature alloy, and is characterized by containing high W, Co and Cr elements and adding a trace of La element to strengthen the grain boundary. The alloy has higher strength and creep resistance at 1000 ℃, still has higher strength and ductility at 1100-1200 ℃, and precipitates a mu phase after long-term aging at 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃, so that the room temperature plasticity of the alloy is reduced, and the use requirement can still be met. Meanwhile, the alloy HAs excellent oxidation resistance and good cold forming and welding process performance, is applied to manufacturing aeroengine afterburner adjusting sheet parts, and HAs the performance level close to that of American HA188 and MAR-M918.
The conventional GH170 alloy parts are mainly prepared in two ways of casting and forging, and although the two processes are continuously developed and improved all the time, the problems of serious element segregation, large crystal grains, shrinkage porosity and the like still exist in castings. Although the performance of the forging is higher than that of the as-cast state, parts with complex shapes are difficult to form due to process limitation, and the defects of black spots, white spots and the like exist, so that the application of the GH170 high-temperature alloy is greatly limited.
The laser additive manufacturing has unique advantages for the manufacturing of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, not only can shorten the production time and reduce the production cost, but also can give priority to functional design, and is very suitable for molding and manufacturing hot section components such as nozzles, blades and combustion chambers in aircraft engines and gas wheels, and complex components such as aerospace vehicles and rocket engines. With the further development of additive manufacturing, new laser, material and numerical control technology can be continuously applied to the manufacturing field, the speed, efficiency and precision of additive manufacturing can be greatly improved, the surface quality and mechanical property of a formed part can be continuously improved, so that more structural materials can be directly manufactured, and great convenience is brought to the lightening design of a structural part used for aerospace.
At present, the additive manufacturing technology is applied to a greater extent in the field of materials such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, high-temperature alloy and the like, but compared with the traditional process, the few types of the alloy applied in the current forming process is still a restriction part for realizing the industrial application of the additive manufacturing technology. The additive manufacturing technology is introduced into the field of conventional difficult-to-form structures and difficult-to-form materials, and the method has important significance for improving the aviation structural member preparation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selective laser forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy, which is convenient for forming complex structural parts and improves the internal quality of parts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser selective area forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy comprises the following steps:
1) selecting materials: taking GH170 high-temperature alloy powder;
2) and (3) drying treatment: fully drying the powder;
3) preparing equipment: vacuumizing the selective laser melting forming equipment, filling inert gas for atmosphere protection, and preheating a platform substrate in the selective laser melting forming equipment;
4) laser material increase: and laying the powder on the platform substrate, melting the solidified powder through laser scanning, repeatedly laying and melting the solidified powder layer by layer, and finally forming the target part layer by layer.
In particular, in the step 1), the specification of the GH170 high-temperature alloy powder is 15-53 μm, HallThe flow rate was 13.33s/100g, and the bulk density was 5.278g/cm3The tap density is 5.952g/cm3The powder sphericity is greater than 85%.
Particularly, in the step 2), the drying process is to keep the powder at 120-150 ℃ in a vacuum protection environment for 3 hours, take out the powder and turn over the powder, and then put the powder into a drying oven to dry the powder for 3 hours.
Particularly, in step 3), the selective laser melting and forming equipment comprises a powder supply cabin, a forming cabin, a recovery cabin and a laser system which are adjacent in sequence, wherein a platform substrate is arranged in the forming cabin in a lifting mode, the upper ends of the powder supply cabin, the forming cabin and the recovery cabin are flush and provided with scraper devices, powder in the powder supply cabin is scraped on the platform substrate through the scraper devices, redundant powder is scraped in the recovery cabin, the laser system is arranged above the forming cabin and comprises a laser generating device and a laser galvanometer, the laser generating device emits laser, the laser scanning track is adjusted under the action of the laser galvanometer, and therefore powder on the platform substrate is melted and solidified selectively and rapidly.
Particularly, a material pushing plate for lifting and feeding is arranged in the powder supply cabin, and a material containing plate is arranged in the recovery cabin.
Particularly, in step 3), the preheating temperature of the platform substrate is set to be 150 ℃ to 250 ℃, and the preheating is performed in advance to relieve the thermal stress generated by heat accumulation.
Particularly, in the step 3), argon is filled into the selective laser melting forming equipment for protection, and the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1%.
Particularly, in the step 4), the laser scanning mode adopts a strip scanning mode, the width of each strip is 5 mm-10 mm, the interval between the strips is 0.1mm, the strips between layers rotate at 67 ℃, and the diameter of a laser spot is 80 μm-100 μm.
Particularly, in the step 4), the power of the adopted laser is 200W-300W, the scanning speed of the laser is 700 mm/s-900 mm/s, and the scanning interval of adjacent laser lines is 0.08 mm-0.11 mm.
In particular, in step 4), the powder thickness of each layer is 40 μm.
Compared with a forging and casting mode, the GH170 nickel-based superalloy laser selective area forming method has the advantages that the problems of serious element segregation, large crystal grains, shrinkage porosity and the like can be solved, the defects of black spots, white spots and the like are overcome, particularly the forming effect of parts with complex structures is remarkable, the finished product quality is high, the production time is shortened, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of selective laser melting and forming equipment in a selective laser forming method for a GH170 nickel-based superalloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar parts throughout or parts having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediary, a connection between two elements, or an interaction between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may include the first feature and the second feature being in direct contact, or may include the first feature and the second feature being in contact not directly but with another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
The preferred embodiment provides a laser area selection forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, material selection: taking GH170 high-temperature alloy powder.
Specifically, the specification of the GH170 high-temperature alloy powder is 15-53 μm, the Hall flow rate is 13.33s/100g, and the loose packing density is 5.278g/cm3The tap density is 5.952g/cm3The powder sphericity is greater than 85%.
Step 2, drying treatment: the powder was thoroughly dried.
The specific drying process comprises the steps of preserving heat of the powder for 3 hours in a vacuum protection environment at the temperature of 120-150 ℃, taking out the powder, turning over the powder, and then putting the powder into a drying oven to dry the powder for 3 hours.
Step 3, equipment preparation: and vacuumizing the selective laser melting forming equipment, filling inert gas for atmosphere protection, and preheating the platform substrate 4 in the selective laser melting forming equipment.
Referring to fig. 1, the selective laser melting and forming apparatus includes a powder supply chamber 1, a forming chamber 2, a recycling chamber 3 and a laser system, which are adjacent to each other in sequence. Platform base plate 4 goes up and down to set up in shaping cabin 2, the scraping wings 5 that are provided with the lifting feed in supplying powder cabin 1, be provided with flourishing flitch 6 in retrieving the cabin 3, supply powder cabin 1, shaping cabin 2, the upper end of retrieving cabin 3 flushes and is equipped with scraper device 7, the powder that will supply in powder cabin 1 through scraper device 7 is strickleed off on platform base plate 4, and scrape in retrieving cabin 3 with unnecessary powder, laser system sets up the top in shaping cabin 2, laser system includes laser generating device 8 and laser galvanometer 9, laser generating device 8 transmission laser, adjust the laser scanning orbit under the effect of laser galvanometer 9, thereby selectively melt the powder on the solidification platform base plate 4 fast.
The preheating temperature of the platform substrate 4 is set to be 150-250 ℃, the preheating is carried out in advance to relieve the thermal stress generated by heat accumulation, the selective laser melting forming equipment is filled with argon for protection, and the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1%.
Step 4, laser material increase: and laying the powder on the platform substrate 4, melting the solidified powder through laser scanning, repeatedly laying and melting the solidified powder layer by layer, and finally forming the target part layer by layer.
Wherein the powder spreading thickness of each layer is 40 μm, the power of the adopted laser is 200W-300W, the laser scanning speed is 700 mm/s-900 mm/s, and the scanning distance of adjacent laser lines is 0.08 mm-0.11 mm.
The laser scanning mode is preferably a strip scanning mode, the width of each strip is 5-10 mm, the space between the strips is 0.1mm, the strips between layers rotate at 67 ℃, the diameter of a laser spot is 80-100 mu m, the laser scanning lines of each layer are ensured not to be repeated, and the consistency of the cross-section tissues along the powder laying direction and the vertical powder laying direction is ensured as much as possible.
In conclusion, compared with a forging and casting mode, the GH170 nickel-based superalloy laser selective forming method can solve the problems of serious element segregation, large and thick crystal grains, shrinkage porosity and the like, overcomes the defects of black spots, white spots and the like, and particularly has the advantages of obvious forming effect on parts with complex structures, high finished product quality, shortened production time and reduced production cost.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and features of this invention, which is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is capable of various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A laser selective area forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting materials: taking GH170 high-temperature alloy powder;
2) and (3) drying treatment: fully drying the powder;
3) preparing equipment: vacuumizing the selective laser melting forming equipment, filling inert gas for atmosphere protection, and preheating a platform substrate in the selective laser melting forming equipment;
4) laser material increase: and laying the powder on the platform substrate, melting the solidified powder through laser scanning, repeatedly laying and melting the solidified powder layer by layer, and finally forming the target part layer by layer.
2. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the specification of the GH170 high-temperature alloy powder is 15-53 μm, the Hall flow rate is 13.33s/100g, and the loose packing density is 5.278g/cm3The tap density is 5.952g/cm3The powder sphericity is greater than 85%.
3. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the drying process is to keep the powder at 120-150 ℃ in a vacuum protection environment for 3h, take out and turn over, and then put into a drying oven to dry for 3 h.
4. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 3), the selective laser melting and forming equipment comprises a powder supply cabin, a forming cabin, a recovery cabin and a laser system which are adjacent in sequence, wherein the platform substrate is lifted and lowered, the upper ends of the powder supply cabin, the forming cabin and the recovery cabin are flushed and provided with a scraper device, powder in the powder supply cabin is scraped flatly by the scraper device on the platform substrate, redundant powder is scraped to the recovery cabin, the laser system is arranged above the forming cabin and comprises a laser generating device and a laser galvanometer, and the laser generating device emits laser light, so that a laser scanning track is adjusted under the action of the laser galvanometer, and powder on the platform substrate is selectively and rapidly melted and solidified.
5. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the selective laser forming method comprises the following steps: the powder supply cabin is internally provided with a material pushing plate for lifting and feeding, and the recovery cabin is internally provided with a material containing plate.
6. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the preheating temperature of the platform substrate is set to be 150-250 ℃, and the platform substrate is preheated in advance to relieve the thermal stress generated by heat accumulation.
7. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 3) filling argon gas for protection in selective laser melting forming equipment, wherein the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1%.
8. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the laser scanning mode adopts a strip scanning mode, the width of each strip is 5-10 mm, the interval between strips is 0.1mm, the strips between layers rotate at 67 ℃, and the diameter of a laser spot is 80-100 mu m.
9. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the power of the adopted laser is 200W-300W, the laser scanning speed is 700 mm/s-900 mm/s, and the scanning distance of adjacent laser lines is 0.08 mm-0.11 mm.
10. The selective laser forming method of the GH170 nickel-base superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the powder spreading thickness of each layer is 40 μm.
CN202110851827.3A 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Laser area selection forming method for GH170 nickel-based superalloy Pending CN113560600A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160167172A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-06-16 Liburdi Engineering Limited Method of cladding, additive manufacturing and fusion welding of superalloys and materialf or the same
US20160326613A1 (en) * 2015-05-07 2016-11-10 General Electric Company Article and method for forming an article
CN208469203U (en) * 2018-07-26 2019-02-05 东北林业大学 A kind of plywood sheet structure applied in damping building
CN112589115A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-04-02 北京星航机电装备有限公司 Selective laser melting forming process for GH4099 nickel-based alloy component
CN112893872A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-04 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Selective laser melting forming method for nickel-based superalloy
US20210207247A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2021-07-08 Etikrom A.S. Nickel-based alloy embodiments and method of making and using the same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160167172A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-06-16 Liburdi Engineering Limited Method of cladding, additive manufacturing and fusion welding of superalloys and materialf or the same
US20160326613A1 (en) * 2015-05-07 2016-11-10 General Electric Company Article and method for forming an article
US20210207247A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2021-07-08 Etikrom A.S. Nickel-based alloy embodiments and method of making and using the same
CN208469203U (en) * 2018-07-26 2019-02-05 东北林业大学 A kind of plywood sheet structure applied in damping building
CN112589115A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-04-02 北京星航机电装备有限公司 Selective laser melting forming process for GH4099 nickel-based alloy component
CN112893872A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-04 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Selective laser melting forming method for nickel-based superalloy

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