CN113555198B - Compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer - Google Patents

Compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer Download PDF

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CN113555198B
CN113555198B CN202110776001.5A CN202110776001A CN113555198B CN 113555198 B CN113555198 B CN 113555198B CN 202110776001 A CN202110776001 A CN 202110776001A CN 113555198 B CN113555198 B CN 113555198B
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secondary coil
support
magnetic core
coil
insulating
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CN113555198A (en
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杨建华
耿玖源
程新兵
陈绒
文建春
周相
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/266—Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer, aiming at realizing the compactness and high boost ratio of the transformer and ensuring the reliability. The invention is composed of a shell, a magnetic core, a primary winding, a secondary winding, an insulating support, an insulating medium and insulating paper. The shell consists of an edge pressure ring, a main body shell and an end cover plate; the magnetic core consists of an outer magnetic core and an inner magnetic core; the primary winding consists of a plurality of external copper columns, a left-end primary coil, a middle primary coil and a right-end primary coil; the secondary winding consists of an outer secondary coil, a shielding ring, an inner secondary winding and an output terminal; the insulating support consists of an insulating cylinder, an outer secondary coil support, a combined insulating sleeve, an inner secondary coil support, a support plate, a support rod and an insulator. The secondary winding adopts a double-layer structure, the total number of turns of the secondary winding is increased under the same length, the high boost ratio is realized, the transformer is small and compact, the high-power repetition frequency operation reliability of the device is ensured, and the whole service life is prolonged.

Description

Compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Tesla (Tesla) type pulse transformer, in particular to a compact double-layer secondary pulse transformer, and belongs to the field of high-power pulse driving sources.
Background
With the gradual deepening of the application of the pulse power system in the fields of military, industry, civil use and the like, especially the continuous progress of vehicle-mounted, airborne and ship-based high-power microwave weapons, the requirements on the modularization and the miniaturization of the system are continuously increased, the modularization of the system is convenient for modularization transportation and maintenance, and the miniaturization of the system is in accordance with the loading capacity of the conventional mobile equipment and the like. At present, two main boosting means of a pulse power system are provided, namely a Marx generator and a Tesla type pulse transformer. The Tesla type pulse transformer has the characteristics of no need of a synchronous switch, compact structure, strong stability, high boosting efficiency and strong repeated frequency operation capability, and is widely applied to a pulse power system.
The coaxial structure of the Tesla transformer can be embedded between an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder of a coaxial pulse transmission line (PFL) or butted with the coaxial pulse transmission line, so that the modular splicing of the whole system is realized. The Tesla type transformer mainly comprises a primary winding, a secondary winding, an inner magnetic core, an outer magnetic core and the like. Defining the number of turns of the primary winding as np(in general n)pOne turn) the number of turns of the secondary winding is nsThe turn ratio of the secondary winding to the primary winding is n, n is ns/np. N can be from hundreds to thousands according to requirements, and the coupling coefficient K (0) is realized due to the application of the inner and outer magnetic cores<K<1) Kept above 0.9. In order to reduce the voltage across the primary winding to the maximum extent and increase the output voltage, the turn ratio n of the primary winding of the secondary winding of the transformer needs to be increased.
A self-formation of the national defense science and technology university in 2008, in its academic papers [ self-formation, compact repetition frequency Tesla transformer type gewa pulse generator, long sand: a compact repetition frequency Tesla transformer (hereinafter referred to as background art one) is introduced in doctor thesis, 2008, of the national defense science and technology university. The transformer is embedded in the pulse forming wire, and the axial section of the transformer is shown in fig. 1, and the transformer mainly comprises a shell 1, a magnetic core 2, a primary winding 3, a secondary winding 4, an insulating support 5 and an insulating medium 6. The magnetic core 2 is composed of an outer magnetic core 201 and an inner magnetic core 202. Secondary winding 4 is composed of secondary coil 401, output terminal 402, and inner conductor 4021. The insulating support is composed of a support plate 501 and a secondary coil support 502. The output terminal 402 is connected to a load as the output terminal of the Tesla transformer, and defines the output terminal of the Tesla transformer (the end connected to the load) as the left end and the other end as the right end. The left end is sealed by a support plate 501, the right end is connected with a pulse forming line, and the cavity formed by the shell 1 and the support plate 501 is filled with a liquid insulating medium 6. The transformer comprises a shell 1, an outer magnetic core 201 and a primary winding from outside to insideGroup 3, secondary coil 401, secondary coil support 502, inner magnetic core 202, and inner conductor 4021, all maintain a coaxial structure. The shell 1 is a cylinder made of stainless steel and has a length L2200mm, inner radius R278 mm. The left side of fig. 1, where a portion omitted from the right side is a pulse forming line, is independent of the pulse transformer, and the outer core 201, the primary winding 3, the secondary coil 401, the secondary coil support 502, the inner core 202, and the inner conductor 4021 are sealed in the working chamber by the support plate 501, and the output terminal 402 is fixed in the middle of the support plate 501 as an output terminal for connecting the secondary coil 401 and an external load.
The outer magnetic core 201 is cylindrical, embedded in the inner surface of the shell 1, and formed by winding open-loop silicon steel sheets with an inner radius R278mm, thickness D47mm long and longer than L2And the magnetic coupling coefficient of the Tesla transformer can be increased. The inner magnetic core 202 is cylindrical with an inner radius R330mm, thickness D17mm in length greater than L2. The inner magnetic core 202 is also formed by winding open-loop silicon steel sheets, is tightly attached to the outer surface of the inner conductor 4021, and can also increase the magnetic coupling coefficient of the Tesla transformer.
The primary winding 3 is formed by the thickness D3Is 0.3mm, and has a length L1The magnetic core is made of a 180mm copper plate, is cylindrical, has an insulating film attached to the inner surface, and is embedded in the inner surface of the outer magnetic core 201. The number of primary winding turns is 1 and the designed inductance is 710 nH.
The secondary winding 4 is composed of a secondary coil 401, an output terminal 402 and an inner conductor 4021, and the three are electrically connected; the secondary coil 401 is formed by tightly winding enameled wires with the diameter of 0.16mm on the secondary coil support 502, the number of turns is 1000, and the designed inductance is 560 mH. The output terminal 402 is the output of the Tesla transformer, is a cylinder made of stainless steel material with a radius of 40 mm. The output end of the Tesla transformer is one end (the left end of the transformer) connected with a load (such as a resistor, a capacitor, a diode and the like), and the input end of the Tesla transformer is one end for inputting a low-voltage signal. Inner conductor 4021 radius R3And the right side of the device is 37mm, the right side of the device is connected with an inner cylinder of the pulse forming line, the left side of the device is connected with an output terminal 402, and an inner conductor 4021 in the device mainly plays a role in connection and connects the output end of the transformer with the pulse forming line.
The insulator 5 is composed of a support plate 501 and a secondary coil support 502. The supporting plate 501 is a circular ring made of an insulating material and has an inner radius R2Inlay in the shell 1 left end 78mm, the output terminal 402 lateral wall is hugged closely to the inside wall. The secondary coil support 502 is made of an insulating material and is a circular truncated cone having a length equal to L2The included angle theta between the generatrix of the circular truncated cone and the axis1Is 6 deg.. The end with small radius is defined as the upper bottom surface of the circular truncated cone, the end with large radius is defined as the lower bottom surface of the circular truncated cone, and the radius R of the upper bottom surface1Is 42 mm. The secondary coil support 502 has a lower bottom surface fixed to the inside of the outer core 201 and an upper bottom surface fixed to the outside of the inner core 202.
The working process of the compact repetition frequency Tesla transformer is as follows: a pulse voltage signal with a peak value V is applied to the two ends of the primary winding 3pA peak value V is induced at both ends of the secondary winding 4 due to the magnetic coupling effectsThe ratio of the two is the transformer step-up ratio N, i.e. Vs/VpN. A high voltage output signal is applied to the inner conductor 4021 and the output terminal 402, and the high voltage signal can be measured at the output terminal 402, which is the output signal of the transformer. According to the record of the academic paper of Zhang autogenous et al (Zhang autogenous, compact repetition frequency Tesla transformer type Giwa pulse generator, Changsha: doctor's academic paper of national defense science and technology university, 2008), the actual measurement step-up ratio of the transformer is 740 times, the charging in a single pulse experiment is 600V, and the peak value of the output voltage is 440 kV. In a 50Hz repetition frequency experiment, the output peak voltage is kept at 300kV, and the breakdown phenomenon of a line end can happen when the device runs for 1s, so that the device cannot run stably and even breakdown damage is caused.
In the first background art, a secondary winding of a Tesla transformer adopts an enameled wire close winding mode (the turn pitch of the secondary winding is the diameter of an enameled wire, and insulation is performed by using insulating paint of the enameled wire) to ensure that the transformer is compact in size and meanwhile integrally compact. However, in practical applications, the secondary winding of the close-wound transformer is impacted by reflected electric pulses in subsequent loads, especially electric pulses with longer pulse widths (pulse widths greater than 100ns), which causes turn-to-turn breakdown, so that the secondary winding needs to be maintained with a certain turn pitch, that is, the turn pitch, according to the design requirement of the output voltageThe distance between two adjacent turns of the primary winding or the secondary winding is set as D12The diameter of the tightly wound wire is D14And m is defined as the ratio of the turn pitch of the secondary winding to the wire diameter of the secondary coil 401, i.e. D12/D14＝m(m>1). Under the condition of ensuring that the turn ratio n is not changed, the length of the pulse transformer considering the turn distance is increased to be about m times when the pulse transformer is densely wound, and under the condition that the outer diameter is not changed, the volume of the inner magnetic core and the volume of the outer magnetic core which occupy larger weight ratio are also increased by about m times, so that the whole weight of the device is increased by m times. In the long pulse drive source, m must be maintained in order to prevent insulation failure such as turn-to-turn breakdown from occurring in stable operation of the entire device>1, which inevitably increases the overall length of the Tesla transformer. In addition, when the required output voltage is increased by k times, the pulse peak voltage V is output according to the two ends of the secondary windingsWith a voltage V applied across the primary windingpRelation of the ratio of (c) to the turns ratio n: kN-kVs/Vp＝kKn＝kKns/npUnder the condition that the number of turns of the primary winding is not changed, the number of turns of the secondary winding needs to be increased by k times, so that the overall length of the secondary winding is also increased by k times, and the overall weight of the device is also correspondingly increased by k times. In order to solve the problem of long-time working stability of the high-voltage long-pulse driving source, the problem of turn-to-turn breakdown of the secondary winding needs to be solved, and the ratio m of the turn pitch to the diameter of the secondary winding wire needs to be increased according to the analysis. On the basis, if the output voltage is increased by k times, the length and the total volume weight of the Tesla transformer are increased by about m × k times, so that the high-power pulse driving source is difficult to apply to a miniaturized vehicle-mounted platform, and therefore, the technical difficulty of not only solving turn-to-turn breakdown of a secondary winding but also realizing system compactness is still achieved, and miniaturization is still one of the technical difficulties researched by technical personnel in the field.
In addition to the influence of turn-to-turn breakdown on system stability in the long-time repetition frequency operation process of the Tesla transformer, the current density at two ends of the primary winding 3 is increased due to uneven current density distribution caused by the edge effect, the surrounding electric field is enhanced, insulation breakdown is formed between the end part of the primary winding and the end part of the secondary winding, and the Tesla transformer is also one of the reasons influencing the stable operation of the Tesla transformer. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of continuous stable operation, miniaturization and compactness of a high-power driving source, a Tesla type pulse transformer which is compact, high in power, high in repetition frequency operation and high in reliability needs to be researched urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the problems that the whole volume and weight of the transformer are increased by times and the requirements on miniaturization and compactness of the whole system are not met when the turn-to-turn insulation of a secondary winding is increased by increasing the turn-to-turn distance of the secondary winding of the Tesla type pulse transformer with a high step-up ratio at present; and the problem of insulation failure caused by breakdown between a primary winding and a secondary winding at the edge of the transformer in practical application affects the stability of continuous repeated frequency operation of a system, and the compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer is provided, so that the compactness and high step-up ratio of the Tesla type pulse transformer can be realized to the maximum extent, and the insulation reliability of the Tesla type pulse transformer during repeated frequency operation under high voltage is ensured.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention is cylindrical as a whole and consists of a shell, a magnetic core, a primary winding, a secondary winding, an insulating support, an insulating medium and insulating paper. The end of the transformer connected to the load is defined as the output end, the left end of the invention is defined as the output end, and the right end is defined as the other end (i.e. the end of the end cover plate). The shell consists of an edge pressure ring, a main body shell and an end cover plate; the magnetic core consists of an outer magnetic core and an inner magnetic core; the primary winding is composed of n1An external copper column, a left primary coil, a middle primary coil and a right primary coil, n1Is a positive even number (n1 is more than or equal to 6); the secondary winding consists of an outer secondary coil, a shielding ring, an inner secondary coil and an output terminal; the insulating support consists of an insulating cylinder, an outer secondary coil support, a combined insulating sleeve, an inner secondary coil support, a support plate, a support rod and an insulator and is used for insulating and supporting the secondary winding of the transformer and the inner magnetic core. The backup pad utilizes screw rod and marginal clamping ring to fix at the main part shell left end, and the tip apron utilizes the screw rod to fix at the main part shell right-hand member, and backup pad, main part shell, tip apron form sealed cavity, and sealed cavity is inside to be full of insulating medium. External magnetic fieldThe core, the primary winding, the outer secondary coil and the outer secondary coil support, the combined insulating sleeve, the inner secondary coil and the inner secondary coil support, the inner magnetic core and the support rod are coaxially nested inside the main body shell from outside to inside. The transformer adopts an inner magnetic core and an outer magnetic core structure, and the magnetic core is formed by pressing open-loop silicon steel sheets, so that the coupling coefficient of the transformer is improved. The outer magnetic core is nested on the inner side of the main body shell, the inner side wall of the outer magnetic core is tightly attached to the outer side wall of the primary winding, and the inner side wall of the outer magnetic core is isolated from the outer side wall of the primary winding through insulating paper. The outer secondary coil is uniformly wound on the outer secondary coil support, the left end of the outer secondary coil is fixed on the right surface of the support plate, and an insulation distance D is kept between the left end of the outer secondary coil and the left end of the outer secondary coil19The insulation distance is determined through analog simulation according to the insulation strength of the insulation medium and the input voltage, so that breakdown between the left-end primary coil and the outer secondary coil is avoided, and the insulation distance is generally larger than 5 mm. The inner secondary coil is uniformly wound on the inner secondary coil support, and the right end of the inner secondary coil is connected with the right end of the outer secondary coil. The inner magnetic core is positioned at the inner side of the inner secondary coil support and is nested on the support rod positioned on the central axis of the main body shell. n is1The external copper column 301 is used as an input end of the transformer and is located at one side of the main body shell, the input end of the transformer is defined as an upper end, and the other end of the main body shell opposite to the input end of the transformer is defined as a lower end. The external copper column is hammer-shaped, the upper half part is a thin cylinder, the lower half part is a thick cylinder, and the total number is n1Each two of the two groups are divided into n1Group/2. The upper half parts of the two external copper columns in each group are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage signal, namely the upper half part of one external copper column close to the left end in the same group is connected with the positive electrode of the input signal, and the upper half part of one external copper column close to the right end is connected with the negative electrode of the input signal. The lower half parts of the 2 external copper columns in the same group are connected with the left end of a primary coil (one of a left-end primary coil, a middle-part primary coil and a right-end primary coil) close to the left end, connected with the right end of the same primary coil close to the right end, and so on1The/2 groups of external copper columns respectively correspond to n1Left and right ends of 2 primary coils (i.e., left-end primary coil, middle primary coil, and right-end primary coil). The left end of the outer secondary coil is connected with the shell, and the right end of the outer secondary coil is welded with the right end of the inner secondary coilAnd the left end surface of the shielding ring is electrically connected, and the left end of the inner secondary coil is connected with the output terminal. The output terminal is the output terminal (i.e., left terminal) of the present invention. The left end of the outer secondary coil support and the left end of the combined insulating sleeve are fixed on the right end face of the support plate through an insulating screw rod. The output terminal is embedded in the central through hole of the support plate. The left end of the support rod is connected with the right end of the output terminal, and the right end of the support rod is connected with the left end of the insulator. The right end of the insulator is embedded in the annular bulge at the axle center of the end cover plate, and the inside of the retaining device is integrally fixed.
The shell left end is opened, and the right-hand member seals, comprises marginal clamping ring, main body cover, tip apron, and marginal clamping ring, main body cover, tip apron utilize screw rod fixed connection from left to right. The main body shell is a cylinder, the left end of the main body shell is connected with the edge compression ring, and the right end of the main body shell is connected with the end cover plate. The length of the main body shell is L3The maximum thickness of the side wall is D7(typically greater than 30mm) and an inner radius R4. The side wall is provided with a groove for nesting the outer magnetic core, and the depth of the groove is equal to the thickness D of the outer magnetic core6. (to maintain overall robustness and electromagnetic shielding properties, typically where the sidewalls are thinnest, i.e., D7-D6Value of not less than 10mm) determining the external dimension L of the pulse transformer according to the requirement of platform load capacity3And R4. The upward side wall of the main body shell is distributed with n1A circular hole, n1Each round hole is numbered n11，n12，n13，……，n1n1Diameter of the circular hole is D18Diameter D of the circular hole to ensure electrical isolation between the main body case and the external copper column18Typically 5 to 15 mm. An insulating cylinder is embedded in each round hole, and the inner radius of the insulating cylinder is R18. The external copper column is electrically isolated from the main body shell, the external copper column is inserted into the insulating cylinder, and the external copper column and the insulating cylinder are fixed through threads. One for each two holes, i.e. numbered n11And the number n12The round holes are in a group and numbered as n13And number n14The round holes are in a group, and by analogy, each group is completely the same. Is numbered n11And the number n12Has a circular hole distance of W5Greater than the left primary coil and the middle partThe total width of the primary and right-hand primary is generally greater than 100mm, numbered n12And number n13Has a circular hole distance of W6For insulation reasons, W6Typically greater than 50 mm. The shell is made of stainless steel, provides a sealed cavity for the internal structure of the transformer and realizes electromagnetic shielding. The edge compression ring is annular and has a length L4，L4Typically greater than 50mm, and an internal radius equal to R4. The end cover plate is bowl-shaped, and the inner radius is equal to R4. The center of the left side surface of the end cover plate is provided with an annular bulge for fixing the insulator. The inner radius of the annular protrusion is R6，R6Generally greater than 30mm, and the outer radius R of the annular projection7Generally an inner radius R6Twice the depth of W7For the insulator to be effectively fixed, the depth H of the end cover plate needs to be more than 2 times W7。
The magnetic core is formed by coaxially nesting an outer magnetic core and an inner magnetic core, and is formed by pressing silicon steel sheets, and the relative permeability mu of the silicon steel sheetssAbout 2000. The outer magnetic core is embedded in the main body shell and is cylindrical. The upper end of the outer magnetic core is provided with a gap with the width of W8，W8≈2D18. Radius in the outer core being equal to R4Thickness of D6Length equal to L6Length L of outer magnetic core6Less than the length L of the main body shell3And the outer secondary coil support length L10Are equal. Cross-sectional area S of outer core1Is composed of
Figure GDA0003526412980000051
Ensuring that the magnetic core works in a non-saturation region according to the requirements of working conditions and according to the requirements of design parameters and formulas
Figure GDA0003526412980000061
Can calculate S1Is again based on the cross-sectional area S1Determining the thickness D of the outer core6. The inner side surface of the outer magnetic core is insulated from the outer side surface of the primary winding by insulation paper, and the thickness of the insulation paper is D8To ensure the dielectric strength, D82-4 mm. The inner magnetic core is cylindrical and is positioned at the inner levelThe stage coil is supported inside and tightly wrapped on the outer surface of the support rod, and the length of the stage coil is L7，L7Slightly less than L6. Inner radius of R12And an outer radius of R14Cross-sectional area S of inner magnetic core2Is composed of
Figure GDA0003526412980000062
Ensuring that the magnetic core works in a non-saturation region and has S according to the requirements of working conditions2And S1Approximately equal, S can be determined2Value of (A), R1220-40 mm, and then according to S2And R12Determining R14And thus the thickness R of the inner magnetic core14-R12. The Tesla transformer is not allowed to reach saturation during operation, so the operating point of the magnetic core is not suitable to be close to the saturation magnetic induction BsThus, the sectional area S of the core satisfies:
Figure GDA0003526412980000063
wherein VsIs the peak output voltage, t, of the Tesla transformerrCharging time for load, BsTo saturate the magnetic induction, NsIs the number of secondary turns (here the sum of the outer secondary and inner secondary turns), kTFor the fill factor (provided by the core maker, k)TTypically around 0.9). The outer magnetic core and the inner magnetic core have equal cross-sectional areas under normal conditions
Figure GDA0003526412980000064
Parameters such as the thickness and the inner radius of the magnetic core can be further determined according to calculation and design requirements.
The primary winding is formed by n1External copper column, 1 left primary coil 302, n12-2 middle primary coils and 1 right primary coil. The external copper column is fixed on the upward side surface n of the shell by utilizing threads1The inside of the insulating cylinder in each round hole is in a hammer shape, the upper half part is a thin cylinder, the lower half part is a thick cylinder, and the radius of the thin cylinder is R18In general, in4-6 mm, and 2L in length5，L5Is the length of the insulating cylinder, L5Generally between 40 and 60mm, and the diameter of the thick cylinder is D18Generally 10-20 mm, the length of the thick cylinder is equal to the thickness D of the external magnetic core6. The overall length of the externally connected copper column is L14＝2L5+D6。n1Each external copper column is divided into n1Group/2. The upper half part of each group of the external copper columns is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input signal, namely the upper half part of one external copper column close to the left end in the same group is connected with the positive electrode of the input signal, and the upper half part of one external copper column close to the right end is connected with the negative electrode of the input signal. The lower half parts of the 2 external copper columns in the same group are connected with the left end of a primary coil (one of a left-end primary coil, a middle-part primary coil and a right-end primary coil) close to the left end, connected with the right end of the same primary coil close to the right end, and so on1/2 group n1Each external copper column corresponds to n1Left and right ends of the/2 primary coils. In order to balance the fringe effect of the primary winding of the pulse transformer and reduce the insulation pressure of the end parts (the left end and the right end), the inductance of the left end primary coil and the right end primary coil needs to be increased, so that the primary winding is divided into three types of coil structures, namely, a left end primary coil, a middle primary coil and a right end primary coil, wherein the inductance of the middle primary coil is smaller than that of the left end primary coil and the right end primary coil, and the inductances of the left end primary coil and the right end primary coil are the same, so that the purpose of reducing the fringe current is achieved, and the insulation pressure of the end parts is further reduced.
The primary coil at the left end is a spiral ring and is made of a copper bar with the thickness of D9(generally 1 to 5mm) and a width W1. Each spiral ring becomes a primary coil in a primary winding, and the inner radius of the spiral ring wound by the copper strip is R5，R5Slightly smaller than the inner radius R of the main body shell4. The left primary coil has m1A spiral ring, m1The voltage boosting ratio and the stability requirement of the pulse transformer are determined, and are generally greater than or equal to 1. The number of turns of the primary coil at the left end is np1Turns (typically greater than 1 turn) having a coil width equal toW1Generally between 40 and 50mm, at a spacing W2Generally greater than 8mm, and a turn inductance of Lp1According to the number of turns np1And the primary coil size can be obtained by analog calculation;
the middle primary coil is also a spiral ring, and the inner radius of the spiral ring is equal to R5By a thickness D9Width W of the copper strip3Typically greater than 100mm, each spiral-shaped toroid also becoming a primary winding in the primary winding, having m2A spiral ring, m2The voltage boosting ratio of the transformer and the stability requirement of the transformer can be determined, and is generally greater than or equal to 1. The distance between the leftmost middle primary coil and the left primary coil is W4To ensure the insulation strength W4It is required to be greater than 10mm and the width of the spiral ring is equal to W3Each group of coils has n turnsp2To increase the step-up ratio N, Np2Typically 1 turn, inductance Lp2According to the number of turns np2And the primary coil size is calculated by simulation to obtain n12-2 adjacent coils of the central primary coil also have a spacing W4；Lp2<Lp1。
The right primary coil is a spiral ring made of copper bar the same as the left primary coil, and the inner radius of the spiral ring is equal to R5Each spiral-shaped ring becomes a primary coil in the primary winding and has m3A spiral ring, m3The voltage boosting ratio of the transformer and the stability requirement of the transformer can be determined, and is generally greater than or equal to 1. Each group of coils has n turnsp3(typically greater than 1 turn). The distance between the right primary coil and the adjacent middle primary coil is equal to W4The turn-to-turn pitch being equal to W2Inductance Lp3Is equal to Lp1。
The secondary winding is composed of an outer secondary coil, a shielding ring, an inner secondary coil and an output terminal. The outer secondary coil is uniformly wound in the groove of the outer secondary coil support, and the turn interval is D12To ensure the dielectric strength and stability D12Typically greater than 3 mm; the inner secondary coil is uniformly wound in the groove of the inner secondary coil support and turnsThe spacing is also equal to D12. The outer secondary coil and the inner secondary coil have a diameter D14(typically 1 to 3mm) copper wire. The number of turns of the outer secondary coil is n3(n3Generally determined by the output voltage requirement) and an inductance of Ls1According to the number of turns n3And the size of the outer secondary coil is obtained by analog calculation, and the number of turns of the inner secondary coil is n4(n4≈n3) Inductance of Ls2，Ls2According to the number of turns n4And inner secondary coil size simulation calculations. And the outer secondary coil and the inner secondary coil are welded on the left end surface of the shielding ring at the right end of the secondary winding. The shielding ring is arranged at the right ends of the outer secondary coil and the inner secondary coil, is a stainless steel ring, and has an inner radius of R13，R13≈R10. Thickness of the shield ring is D11(D11≈D13) The outer radius of the shielding ring being equal to R13+D11The edges of the shield ring are chamfered to prevent high field distortion. The left end of the inner secondary coil is connected with the output terminal in a welding mode. The output terminal is a stainless steel cylinder with an outer radius of R9Generally 20 to 40mm, and a length L12Greater than 50 mm. The output terminal is the output terminal of the Tesla transformer.
The insulating support serves as an electrical insulator in the transformer and supports the secondary winding and the magnetic core, both of which are made of insulating material. The insulating support is composed of a support plate n1The insulation device comprises an insulation cylinder, an outer secondary coil support, a combined insulation sleeve, an inner secondary coil support, a support rod and an insulator.
n1The insulating cylinders are respectively nested at the upper end n of the side wall of the main body shell1The inside of each circular hole is cylindrical and has n1The outer diameter is determined by the size of the circular hole of the upward side wall of the main body shell and is also equal to D18The inner radius depends on the radius of the upper half part of the external copper column and is also R184-6 mm in length L5Generally, it is 40 to 60 mm.
The supporting plate is arranged at the left end of the secondary winding and is a circular annular plate with an outer radius of R8，R8Dependent on the thickness D of the outer core6And main body shell inner radiusR4，R8＝D6+R4Inner radius of R16，R16＝R9Thickness of D10Greater than 30 mm. The backup pad utilizes marginal clamping ring and screw rod to fix at the main part shell left end, tightly wraps up the output terminal surface in the backup pad inside wall, seals whole transformer. The right end face of the supporting plate is connected with the left end of the outer secondary coil support and the left end of the insulating sleeve.
The outer secondary coil support is a round table-shaped cylinder made of insulating material, and the length of the outer secondary coil support is L10，L10≈n3(D12+D14)，n3Number of turns of outer secondary coil, D12The distance between turns of the outer secondary winding, D14The outer secondary winding wire diameter. The inner radius of the upper bottom surface (defined as the bottom surface with smaller area) of the outer secondary coil support is R10In order to ensure the insulation strength between the outer secondary coil and the right-end primary coil, R is determined according to the electric field simulation optimization result10(typically greater than 50 mm). The inner radius of the lower bottom surface (defined as the bottom surface with larger area) is R15(generally more than 70mm), and in order to ensure the insulation strength between the output terminal and the output terminal, determining R according to the electric field simulation optimization result15Thickness of D13In order to ensure the reliability of the insulation support, the length of the insulation support is more than 8mm, and the angle between a bus and the axis of the circular truncated cone is theta3According to the outer secondary coil support length L10The inner radius R of the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support10And a lower inner bottom surface radius R15Determination of tan θ3＝(R15-R10)/L10(ii) a The left end of the outer secondary coil support is fixed on the right end face of the support plate through an insulating screw rod.
The inner secondary coil support is also a round table-shaped cylinder made of insulating material and has a length of L9，L9≈n4(D12+D14)，n4The number of turns of the inner secondary coil. Inner secondary coil support thickness of D13. The inner radius of the upper bottom surface (the bottom surface with smaller area) is equal to the outer radius R of the inner magnetic core14The inner radius of the lower bottom surface (bottom surface with larger area) is R11(R11≈R10-D13) Generatrix and circleThe angle of the table axis being θ2，tanθ2＝(R11-R14)/L9. The outer secondary coil support and the inner secondary coil support are of a coaxial reverse nested structure, the lower bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support is connected with the support plate, the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support and the lower bottom surface of the inner secondary coil support keep the same horizontal plane, and the outer secondary coil support and the inner secondary coil support are fixedly connected to the insulator through insulating screws. The reverse nested structure is beneficial to increasing the insulation distance between the high-voltage part and the ground potential and realizing high-voltage insulation.
The support rod is a cylindrical rod made of solid insulating material and has a length L11≈L9Radius equal to radius R in inner magnet core12. The support rod is embedded in the inner magnetic core and coaxial with the inner magnetic core, the left end of the support rod is connected with the right end of the output terminal, and the right end of the support rod is embedded in a center hole in the left side face of the insulator.
The insulator is approximately round table-shaped, a center hole is dug in the left side surface of the insulator, and the depth of the center hole is equal to 2D13The radius of the central hole is equal to R12. The insulator is located the right-hand member of secondary winding, and the outside is fixed in outer secondary coil support upper base surface through insulating screw rod, and nested has the bracing piece right-hand member in the centre bore, and the insulator right-hand member is fixed inside the annular of end cover plate is protruding.
The combined insulating sleeve is positioned in a gap between the outer secondary coil support and the inner secondary coil support, and the insulation is increased in a combined insulating mode. The combined insulating sleeve is cylindrical and has a length L13To ensure the combined insulation effect, L13Greater than 120mm and a thickness D17Greater than 15mm, inner radius R17The outer radius is equal to R17+D17. The left end of the combined insulating sleeve is welded on the right end face of the supporting plate and is separated from the lower bottom face of the outer secondary coil support 504 by a distance D15A distance D from the upper bottom surface of the inner secondary coil support16，D15≈D16It is therefore possible to combine this principle with the outer secondary coil supporting a lower inner bottom radius R15And inner radius R of upper bottom surface of inner secondary coil support14Determination of R17I.e. by
Figure GDA0003526412980000091
From this formula, R can be determined17Approximate range. Because the transformer cavity is filled with insulating medium (namely transformer oil), and a combined insulating sleeve is additionally arranged between the outer secondary coil support and the inner secondary coil support, the invention adopts a solid and liquid combined mode to increase the insulating strength in the fixed physical length in the liquid medium.
The insulating medium is transformer oil, and the insulating medium is filled in a cavity of the compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the capacitance value of the input end connected capacitor is C, and the charging voltage at the two ends is U1The capacitor discharges and loads a pulse electric signal to each group of external copper columns, the pulse current flows through the primary winding, and each turn of the primary winding is connected in parallel, so each turn of the primary winding, the capacitor and the loop resistor form a group of LCR loops, and according to LCR parameters, the internal current I of the LCR loops can be obtained as follows:
Figure GDA0003526412980000092
Figure GDA0003526412980000093
Lpis primary winding inductance, RpIs an LCR loop internal resistance. Therefore, as the number of turns of the primary winding increases, the inductance value thereof has
Figure GDA0003526412980000101
Where M is a constant, mu0Is a vacuum permeability, musIs the relative permeability of the core, SpThe cross-sectional area of the coil, l, is the length of the coil, and the cross-sectional areas and lengths of the edge primary winding and the middle primary winding are substantially the same, so that the ratio of their inductances
Figure GDA0003526412980000102
Since n isp2<np1. The current inside the edge primary winding is smaller than the current of the middle primary winding. When the internal pulse current changes, an electromagnetic field is generated around the primary winding and is positively correlated with the internal current, and the design of changing the number of turns of the primary winding can reduce the electric field around the edge primary winding, reduce the probability of insulation failure and increase the stability. When a pulsed current flows through the primary winding, a pulsed electrical signal is induced across the secondary winding due to the magnetic coupling effect. For the Tesla transformer shown in background one, the peak voltage V of the electrical signal at the output terminalsAnd the peak voltage V of the electric signal at the input endpThe ratio is the transformer transformation ratio and accords with the relation:
Figure GDA0003526412980000103
wherein N ispIs the number of primary winding turns, N, of the transformer of the inventionsThe number of secondary winding turns is the invention. In the invention
Figure GDA0003526412980000104
Ns＝n3+n4(NpGreater than or equal to 1, Ns100-1000 according to design requirements), therefore, when the turns of the inner secondary coil and the outer secondary coil are equal, the transformer with the same length can increase the transformation ratio by 2 times, and the high transformation ratio and the compactness of the whole transformer are realized. The addition of the inner magnetic core and the outer magnetic core and the compact design of the double-layer secondary structure ensure that K is more than 0.95. The length of the device is increased by increasing the turn-to-turn distance of the secondary winding, but the turn-to-turn insulation strength of the secondary winding is improved, the insulation failure probability of the secondary winding is greatly reduced, and the operation stability of the device is increased. Due to the reverse nesting design of the double-circular-truncated-cone-shaped cylinder, the output end of the secondary winding and the ground potential are in the same horizontal plane, so that the insulation strength is increased by adopting a combined insulation mode, and the overall operation stability of the transformer is effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
1. the secondary winding adopts a double-layer structure, the total number of turns of the secondary winding is increased under the same length, the high boost ratio of the transformer is realized, the charging voltage at two ends of the primary winding is reduced under the same output voltage level, the insulation pressure of an input circuit of the transformer is reduced, and meanwhile, the stability of the input circuit for controlling charging and discharging is increased;
2. the secondary winding with the double-layer structure can reduce the whole length of the transformer by one time under the requirement of the same output voltage parameter, greatly reduce the volume weight of the Tesla transformer and realize the miniaturization and the compactness of the device;
3. the design of the secondary winding and the inner and outer magnetic cores with the double-layer structure enables the whole structure to be more compact, increases the space utilization efficiency, and simultaneously improves the coupling coefficient to be more than 0.95, and improves the boosting efficiency;
4. the invention adopts a coaxial reverse nested structure, increases the physical distance between the output end and the primary winding as well as the grounding end, and simultaneously adopts combined insulation, thereby further reducing the breakdown probability between the output end and the grounding end and ensuring the reliability of high-power repeated frequency operation of the device;
5. the invention adopts a distributed structure with different turns of the left-end primary winding, the middle-part primary winding and the right-end primary winding, the structure increases the edge inductance, reduces the current density of the edge primary winding during charging and discharging, reduces the insulation breakdown probability caused by the edge effect, increases the reliability of high-power repeated-frequency operation of the transformer and prolongs the whole service life.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a background art one [ self-generated, compact repetition frequency Tesla transformer type gew pulse generator, long sand: an axial section view of a compact repetition frequency Tesla transformer proposed in doctor's paper of national defense science and technology university, 2008);
FIG. 2 is a general structure diagram of a compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a housing 1 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to the present invention, wherein fig. 3(a) is an axial sectional view of the housing 1, and fig. 3(b) is an AA' sectional view of fig. 3 (a);
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic core 2 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer of the present invention, wherein fig. 4(a) is an axial sectional view of the magnetic core 2, and fig. 4(b) is a BB' sectional view of fig. 4 (a);
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the primary winding 3 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer of the present invention, fig. 5(a) is an axial sectional view of the primary winding 3, and fig. 5(b) is a three-dimensional view of a left-end primary coil 302 and a middle primary coil 303;
fig. 6 is an axial cross-sectional view of the secondary winding 4 and part of the insulating support 5 of a compact double-layer secondary Tesla pulse transformer according to the invention;
fig. 7 is an axial cross-sectional view of the insulating support 5 of a compact two-level Tesla pulse transformer according to the invention;
fig. 8 is an axial sectional view of the left end of the secondary winding 4 and the left end of the insulating support 5 of the compact double-layer secondary Tesla pulse transformer of the invention;
fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of an output of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla pulse transformer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is a general structural diagram of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer of the present invention. The invention is cylindrical as a whole and comprises a shell 1, a magnetic core 2, a primary winding 3, a secondary winding 4, an insulating support 5, an insulating medium 6 and insulating paper 7. The end of the transformer connected to the load is defined as the output end, the left end of the present invention is defined as the output end, and the right end of the present invention is defined as the other end (i.e., the end of the end cover 103). The shell 1 consists of an edge pressure ring 101, a main body shell 102 and an end cover plate 103; the magnetic core 2 consists of an outer magnetic core 201 and an inner magnetic core 202; the primary winding 3 is composed of n1N is composed of an external copper column 301, a left primary coil 302, a middle primary coil 303 and a right primary coil 3041Is a positive even number (n1 is more than or equal to 6); the secondary winding 4 is composed of an outer secondary coil 403, a shield ring 404, an inner secondary coil 405, and an output terminal 402; the insulating support 5 is composed of an insulating cylinder 503, an outer secondary coil support 504, a combined insulating sleeve 505, an inner secondary coil support 506, a support plate 501, a support rod 507 and an insulator 508The purpose is to insulate and support the transformer secondary winding 4 and the internal magnetic core 202. The supporting plate 501 is fixed at the left end of the main body housing 102 by a screw and the edge press ring 101, the end cover plate 103 is fixed at the right end of the main body housing 102 by a screw, the supporting plate 501, the main body housing 102 and the end cover plate 103 form a sealed cavity, and the sealed cavity is filled with the insulating medium 6. The outer magnetic core 201, the primary winding 3, the outer secondary coil 403 and the outer secondary coil support 504, the combined insulating sleeve 505, the inner secondary coil 405 and the inner secondary coil support 506, the inner magnetic core 202 and the support rod 507 are coaxially nested inside the main body case 102 from outside to inside. The transformer adopts an inner magnetic core structure and an outer magnetic core structure, and the magnetic core 2 is formed by pressing open-loop silicon steel sheets, so that the coupling coefficient of the transformer is improved. Outer magnetic core 201 nests in main part shell 102 inboard, and outer magnetic core 201 inside wall hugs closely primary winding 3 lateral wall, separates through insulating paper 7 between outer magnetic core 201 inside wall and the primary winding 3 lateral wall. The outer secondary coil 403 is uniformly wound on the outer secondary coil support 504, and the left end of the outer secondary coil 403 is fixed on the right surface of the support plate 501 and keeps an insulation distance D with the left end primary coil 30219The insulation distance is determined by analog simulation according to the insulation strength of the insulation medium 6 and the input voltage, so that breakdown does not occur between the left-end primary coil 302 and the outer secondary coil 403, and the insulation distance is larger than 5 mm. Inner secondary coil 405 is uniformly wound on inner secondary coil support 506, and the right end of inner secondary coil 405 is connected to the right end of outer secondary coil 403. The inner magnetic core 202 is positioned inside the inner secondary coil support 506 and is nested on a support rod 507 positioned in the central axis of the main body case 102. n is1The external copper column 301 is used as an input end of the transformer, and is located at one side of the main body shell 102, and defines the input end of the transformer as an upper end, and the other end of the main body shell 102 opposite to the input end of the transformer as a lower end. The external copper column 301 is hammer-shaped, the upper half part is a thin cylinder, the lower half part is a thick cylinder, and the total number of the cylinders is n1Each two of the two groups are divided into n1Group/2 (fig. 2 totally has 12 external copper pillars 301, divided into 6 groups). The upper half parts of the two external copper columns 301 in each group are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage signal, namely the upper half part of one external copper column 301 close to the left end in the same group is connected with the positive electrode of the input signal, and the upper half part of one external copper column 301 close to the right end is connected with the input signalThe negative pole of the signal. The lower half parts of the 2 external copper columns 301 in the same group are connected with the left end of a primary coil (one of the left-end primary coil 302, the middle primary coil 303 and the right-end primary coil 304) close to the left end, and connected with the right end of the same primary coil close to the right end, so that the 6 groups of 12 external copper columns 301 correspond to the left end and the right end of the 6 primary coils (the left-end primary coil 302, the middle primary coil 303 and the right-end primary coil 304) respectively. Referring to fig. 2, the lower half portions of the first group of 2 external copper pillars 301 at the left end are connected to the left end of the primary coil 302 at the left end, and connected to the right end of the primary coil 302 at the left end. The middle part 4 groups total 8 external copper columns 301, the lower half parts of the 4 external copper columns 301 close to the left end in each group are respectively connected with the left ends of the 4 middle primary coils 303, and the lower half parts of the 4 external copper columns 301 close to the right end in each group are respectively connected with the right ends of the 4 middle primary coils 303, so that four groups of primary windings connected in parallel are formed. The lower half part of the sixth group of 2 external copper columns 301 at the right end is connected with the left end of the primary coil 304 at the right end close to the left end, and is connected with the right end of the primary coil 304 at the right end close to the right end. The left end of the outer secondary coil 403 is connected with the outer shell 1, the right end and the right end of the inner secondary coil 405 are welded on the left end face of the shielding ring 404 to maintain electrical connection, and the left end of the inner secondary coil 405 is connected with the output terminal 402. The output terminal 402 is an output terminal (i.e., left end) of the present invention. The left end of the outer secondary coil support 504 and the left end of the combined insulating sleeve 505 are fixed to the right end face of the support plate 501 by means of insulating screws. The output terminal 402 is fitted into the central through hole of the support plate 501. The left end of the support rod 507 is connected with the right end of the output terminal 402, and the right end is connected with the left end of the insulator 508. The right end of the insulator 508 is embedded in the annular protrusion at the axle center of the end cover plate 103, and the interior of the retaining device is integrally fixed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a housing 1 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla pulse transformer of the present invention, wherein fig. 3(a) is an axial sectional view of the housing 1, and fig. 3(b) is an AA' sectional view of fig. 3 (a). As shown in fig. 3(a), the casing 1 has an open left end and a closed right end, and is composed of an edge pressing ring 101, a main body casing 102, and an end cover 103, and the edge pressing ring 101, the main body casing 102, and the end cover 103 are fixedly connected with each other by screws from left to right. The main body housing 102 is a cylinder,the left end is connected to the edge ring 101 and the right end is connected to the end cover 103. The main body housing 102 has a length L3As can be seen from FIG. 3(b), the maximum thickness of the sidewall is D7(greater than 30mm) and an inner radius R4. The side wall is provided with a groove 1021 for nesting the outer magnetic core 201, and the depth of the groove is equal to the thickness D of the outer magnetic core6. (where the side walls are thinnest, i.e. D, to maintain overall robustness and electromagnetic shielding characteristics7-D6Value of not less than 5mm) determining the external dimension L of the pulse transformer according to the requirement of platform load capacity3And R4. The upward side wall (as viewed in conjunction with fig. 3 (b)) of the main body case 102 is distributed with n1Each circular hole (12 in FIG. 3(a)), n1Each round hole is numbered n11，n12，n13，……，n112Diameter of the circular hole is D18To ensure electrical isolation between the main body case 102 and the external copper pillar 301, the diameter D of the circular hole 1810 to 20 mm. An insulating cylinder 503 is embedded in each round hole, and the inner radius of the insulating cylinder is R18. The external copper column 301 is electrically isolated from the main body housing 102, and the external copper column 301 is inserted into the insulating cylinder 503 and fixed by screw threads. One for each two holes, i.e. numbered n11And the number n12The round holes are in a group and numbered as n13And the number n14The round holes are in a group, and by analogy, each group is completely the same. Is numbered n11And number n12Has a circular hole distance of W5Is larger than the total width of the left primary coil 302, the middle primary coil 303 and the right primary coil 304 by more than 100mm and is numbered n12And the number n13Has a circular hole distance of W6For insulation reasons, W6Greater than 50 mm. The housing 1 is made of stainless steel, provides a sealed cavity for the internal structure of the transformer, and simultaneously realizes electromagnetic shielding. The edge ring 101 is annular and has a length L4，L4Greater than 50mm, inner radius equal to R4. The end cover plate 103 is bowl-shaped with an inner radius equal to R4. An annular protrusion 1031 is formed at the center of the left side surface of the end cover 103 to fix the insulator 508. The annular protrusion 1031 has an inner radius R6，R6Greater than 30mm, and the outer radius R of the annular protrusion7Is an inner radius R6Twice the depth of W7To effectively fix the insulator 508, the depth H of the end cover plate 103 needs to be more than 2 times W7。
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic core 2 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to the present invention, in which fig. 4(a) is an axial sectional view of the magnetic core 2, and fig. 4(b) is a sectional view of BB' of fig. 4 (a). As shown in fig. 4(a), the magnetic core 2 is formed by coaxially nesting an outer magnetic core 201 and an inner magnetic core 202, the magnetic core 2 is formed by pressing silicon steel sheets, and the relative permeability μ of the silicon steel sheetssAbout 2000. The outer core 201 is embedded in the main body case 102 and has a cylindrical shape. As shown in FIG. 4(b), the upper end of the outer core 201 has a gap 203, and the width of the gap 203 is W8，W8≈2D18. The inner radius of the outer core 201 is equal to R4Thickness of D6Length equal to L6Length L of outer magnetic core 2016Less than the length L of the main body housing 1023And the outer secondary coil support 504 length L10Are equal. As shown in FIG. 4(b), the cross-sectional area S of the outer core 2011Is composed of
Figure GDA0003526412980000141
Ensuring that the magnetic core works in a non-saturation region according to the requirements of working conditions and according to the requirements of design parameters and formulas
Figure GDA0003526412980000142
Can calculate S1Is again based on the cross-sectional area S1Determining the thickness D of the outer core 2016. The inner side surface of the outer magnetic core 201 is insulated from the outer side surface of the primary winding 3 by insulation paper 7, and the thickness of the insulation paper 7 is D8To ensure the dielectric strength, D82-4 mm. As shown in fig. 4(a), the inner magnetic core 202 is cylindrical, is located inside the inner secondary coil support 506 (see fig. 2), and tightly wraps the outer surface of the support rod 507, and has a length L7，L7Slightly less than L6. Inner radius of R12And an outer radius of R14Cross-sectional area S of inner magnetic core2Is composed of
Figure GDA0003526412980000143
Ensuring that the magnetic core works in a non-saturation region and has S according to the requirements of working conditions2And S1Approximately equal, S can be determined2Value of (A), R1220-40 mm, and then according to S2And R12Determining R14Is determined, and thus the thickness R of the inner magnetic core14-R12。
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the primary winding 3 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer of the present invention, fig. 5(a) is an axial sectional view of the primary winding 3, and fig. 5(b) is a three-dimensional view of a left-end primary coil 302 and a middle primary coil 303. As shown in fig. 5(a), the primary winding 3 is formed of n1External copper pillars 301 (12 in fig. 5(a) in 6 groups), 1 left-end primary coil 302, n12-2 middle primary coils 303 and 1 right primary coil 304. As shown in FIG. 5(b), the external copper pillar 301 is screwed to the upward side n of the housing 11The inside of the insulating cylinder 503 in each round hole is hammer-shaped, the upper half part is a thin cylinder, the lower half part is a thick cylinder, and the radius of the thin cylinder is R184-6 mm in length and 2L in length5，L5Is the length L (see FIG. 3(a)) of the insulating cylinder 5035Is 40-60 mm, and the diameter of the thick cylinder is D1810-20 mm, the length of the thick cylinder is equal to the thickness D of the external magnetic core6. The overall length of the external copper column 301 is L14＝2L5+D6。n1Every two external copper columns 301 are divided into n1Group/2 (fig. 5(a) contains 12 circumscribed copper pillars 301, and the groups are 6). The upper half of each group of the external copper pillars 301 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the input signal, i.e. the upper half of one external copper pillar 301 near the left end of the same group is connected to the positive electrode of the input signal, and the upper half of one external copper pillar 301 near the right end is connected to the negative electrode of the input signal, (e.g. n)11The upper half part of the external copper column 301 is connected with the anode of an input signal, n12The upper half part of the external copper column 301 in (1) is connected with the negative electrode of the input signal). The lower half parts of the 2 external copper columns 301 in the same group are connected with a primary coil (a left primary coil 302, a middle primary coil 303 and a left end)One of the right-hand primary coils 304), one connected to the right-hand end of the same primary coil near the right-hand end, and so on for n1The/2 groups of 12 external copper columns 301 correspond to the left and right ends of the 6 primary coils (the left primary coil 302, the middle primary coil 303 and the right primary coil 304). For example, as shown in FIG. 5(a), n11The lower half part of the external copper column 301 is connected with the left end of the left primary coil 302, and n12The lower half part of the middle external copper column 301 is connected with the right end of the left primary coil 302; n is13The lower half part of the middle external copper column 301 is connected with the left end of a first middle primary coil 303, n14The lower half part of the external copper column 301 is connected with the right end of the first middle primary coil 303, and n15The lower half part of the middle external copper column 301 is connected with the left end of a second middle primary coil 303, n16The lower half part of the middle external copper column 301 is connected with the right end of the second middle primary coil 303, and so on; n is111，n112The left and right ends of the right primary coil 304 are connected, respectively. In order to balance the fringe effect of the primary winding of the pulse transformer and reduce the insulation pressure at the end parts (left end and right end), the inductance of the left-end primary coil and the right-end primary coil needs to be increased, so that the primary winding is divided into three types of coil structures, namely, a left-end primary coil 302, a middle primary coil 303 and a right-end primary coil 304, wherein the inductance of the middle primary coil 303 is smaller than that of the left-end primary coil 302 and the right-end primary coil 304, and the left-end primary coil 302 and the right-end primary coil 304 have the same inductance, so that the purpose of reducing the fringe current is achieved, and the insulation pressure at the end parts is further reduced.
The left primary coil 302 is a spiral ring made of copper strip with a thickness D9(1-5 mm) and a width W1. Each spiral ring becomes a primary coil in a primary winding, and the inner radius of the spiral ring wound by the copper strip is R5，R5Slightly smaller than the inner radius R of the main body shell 1024. The left primary coil 302 has m in total1(1 in FIG. 5 (a)) spiral-shaped circular rings, m1The voltage boosting ratio and the stability requirement of the pulse transformer are determined, and are generally greater than or equal to 1. The number of turns of the left primary coil 302 is np1Turns (typically greater than 1 turn, 2 turns in fig. 5 (a)), the coil width being equal to W1Is 40-50 mm and has a spacing W2Greater than 8mm, and a turn inductance of Lp1According to the number of turns np1And the primary coil size can be obtained by analog calculation;
the middle primary coil 303 is also a spiral ring with an inner radius equal to R5By a thickness D9Width W of the copper strip3Greater than 100mm, each spiral-shaped ring also becoming a primary winding in the primary winding, with m2A number of spiral rings (4 in FIG. 5 (a)), m2The voltage boosting ratio of the transformer and the stability requirement of the transformer can be determined, and is generally greater than or equal to 1. The leftmost middle primary coil 303 is at a distance W from the left end primary coil 3024To ensure the insulation strength W4It is required to be greater than 10mm and the width of the spiral ring is equal to W3Each group of coils has n turnsp2To increase the step-up ratio N, Np2Typically 1 turn, and an inductance of Lp2According to the number of turns np2And the primary coil size is calculated by simulation to obtain n1The spacing between adjacent ones of the 2-2 middle primary coils 303 is also W4；Lp2<Lp1。
The right primary coil 304 is a helical ring made of the same copper bar as the left primary coil 302, and the inner radius of the helical ring is equal to R5Each spiral-shaped ring becomes a primary coil in the primary winding and has m3A number (1 in FIG. 5 (a)) of spiral rings, m3The step-up ratio of the transformer and the stability requirement of the transformer can be used to determine, and is generally greater than or equal to 1. Each group of coils has n turnsp3(typically greater than 1 turn, 2 turns in FIG. 5 (a)). The distance between the right primary winding 304 and the adjacent middle primary winding 303 is equal to W4The turn-to-turn pitch being equal to W2Inductance Lp3Is equal to Lp1。
Fig. 6 is an axial cross-sectional view of the secondary winding 4 and part of the insulating support 5 of a compact two-layer secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to the invention. The secondary winding 4 comprises an outer secondary coil 403, a shielding ring 404 and an inner coilA secondary coil 405 and an output terminal 402. The outer secondary coil 403 is uniformly wound in the groove of the outer secondary coil support 504 with a turn pitch D12To ensure the dielectric strength and stability D12Greater than 3 mm; the inner secondary coil 405 is uniformly wound in the groove of the inner secondary coil support 506 with a turn pitch equal to D12. Outer secondary coil 403 and inner secondary coil 405 have a diameter D14(1-3 mm) copper wire. The number of turns of the outer secondary coil 403 is n3(n3Determined by the output voltage requirement) and an inductance of Ls1According to the number of turns n3And the size of the outer secondary coil is calculated by simulation, and the number of turns of the inner secondary coil 405 is n4(n4≈n3. ) Inductance of Ls2，Ls2According to the number of turns n4And inner secondary coil size simulation calculations can be made. At the right end of secondary winding 4, outer secondary coil 403 and inner secondary coil 405 are both welded to the left end face of shield ring 404. A shielding ring 404 is disposed at the right end of the outer secondary coil 403 and the inner secondary coil 405, and is a stainless steel ring with an inner radius R13，R13≈R10. The thickness of the shield ring 404 is D11(D11≈D13) The outer radius of the shield ring 404 is equal to R13+D11The edges of the shield ring 404 are chamfered to prevent high field distortion. The left end of the inner secondary coil 405 is connected to the output terminal 402 by soldering. The output terminal 402 is a stainless steel cylinder with an outer radius of R920-40 mm in length L12Greater than 50 mm. Output terminal 402 is the output of the Tesla transformer.
Fig. 7 is an axial sectional view of the insulating support 5 of the compact dual-layer secondary pulse transformer of the present invention. The insulating support 5 serves to electrically insulate and support the secondary winding and the magnetic core in the transformer, and is made of an insulating material. The insulating support 5 is composed of support plates 501, n1Each insulating cylinder 503, an outer secondary coil support 504, a combined insulating sleeve 505, an inner secondary coil support 506, a support rod 507 and an insulator 508.
n1The insulating cylinders 503 are respectively nested at the upper end n of the side wall of the main body housing 1021The inside of each round hole is cylindrical and has n112 in figure 7, the outer diameter of which depends on the size of the circular hole of the upward side wall of the main body shell 102 and is also equal to D18The inner radius depends on the radius of the upper copper column of the circumscribed copper column 301, which is also R184-6 mm in length L5And is 40-60 mm.
The supporting plate 501 is arranged at the left end of the secondary winding 4 and is a circular annular plate with an outer radius R8，R8Depending on the thickness D of the outer magnetic core 2016And the inner radius R of the main body housing 1024，R8＝D6+R4Inner radius of R16，R16＝R9Thickness of D10Greater than 30 mm. The supporting plate 501 is fixed at the left end of the main body shell 102 by using the edge press ring 101 and a screw, and the outer surface of the output terminal 402 is tightly wrapped in the inner side wall of the supporting plate 501, so that the whole transformer is sealed. The right end face of the support plate 501 is connected to the left end of the outer secondary coil support 504 and the left end of the insulating sleeve 505.
The outer secondary coil support 504 is a circular truncated cone made of insulating material, and the length of the outer secondary coil support 504 is L10，L10≈n3(D12+D14)，n3Number of turns of outer secondary winding, D12The distance between turns of the outer secondary winding, D14The outer secondary winding wire diameter. The inner radius of the upper bottom surface (defined as the bottom surface with a smaller area, the right bottom surface in fig. 7) of the outer secondary coil support 504 is R10To ensure the insulation strength between the outer secondary coil 404 and the right-hand primary coil 304, R is determined according to the electric field simulation optimization result10(greater than 50 mm). The inner radius of the lower bottom surface (defined as the bottom surface with larger area, left bottom surface in FIG. 7) is R15(greater than 70mm), and in order to ensure the insulation strength between the output terminal 402 and the R, determining the R according to the electric field simulation optimization result15Thickness of D13In order to ensure the reliability of the insulation support, the angle between the generatrix and the axis of the circular truncated cone is theta and is larger than 8mm3According to the length L of the outer secondary coil support 50410The inner radius R of the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support 50410And a lower inner bottom radius R15Determination of tan θ3＝(R15-R10)/L10(ii) a Outer secondary winding branchThe left end of the support 504 is fixed to the right end face of the support plate 501 by an insulated screw.
Inner secondary support 506 is also a circular truncated cone of insulating material and has a length L9，L9≈n4(D12+D14)，n4The number of turns of the inner secondary coil. Inner secondary coil support 506 has a thickness D13. The inner radius of the upper bottom surface (the bottom surface with smaller area, the left bottom surface in fig. 7) is equal to the outer radius R of the inner magnetic core14The inner radius of the lower bottom surface (bottom surface with larger area, right bottom surface in FIG. 7) is R11(R11≈R10-D13) The angle between the generatrix and the axis of the circular truncated cone is theta2，tanθ2＝(R11-R14)/L9. The outer secondary coil support 504 and the inner secondary coil support 506 are in a coaxial reverse nested structure, the lower bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support 504 is connected with the support plate 501, the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support 504 and the lower bottom surface of the inner secondary coil support 506 keep the same horizontal plane, and the outer secondary coil support and the inner secondary coil support are fixedly connected to the insulator 508 through insulating screws. The reverse nested structure is beneficial to increasing the insulation distance between the high-voltage part and the ground potential and realizing high-voltage insulation.
Referring to fig. 2, the support rod 507 is a cylindrical rod made of solid insulating material and having a length L11≈L9Radius equal to radius R in inner magnet core12. The support rod 507 is embedded in the inner magnetic core 202 and coaxial with the inner magnetic core 202, the left end of the support rod 507 is connected with the right end of the output terminal 402, and the right end of the support rod 507 is embedded in a center hole in the left side face of the insulator 508.
The insulator 508 is approximately round, a central hole 5081 is dug on the left side surface of the insulator 508, and the depth of the central hole 5081 is equal to 2D13Center bore 5081 having a radius equal to R12. The insulator 508 is located at the right end of the secondary winding 4, the outer side of the insulator is fixed on the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support 504 through an insulating screw, the right end of the support rod 507 is nested in the central hole 5081, and the right end of the insulator 508 is fixed inside the annular protrusion 1031 of the end cover plate 103.
Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the left end of the secondary winding 4 and the insulating support 5. A combined insulating sleeve 505 is located between the outer secondary coil support 504 and the inner secondary wireThe gaps between the ring supports 506 are insulated in a combined insulation manner. The composite insulating sleeve 505 is cylindrical and has a length L13To ensure the combined insulation effect, L13Greater than 120mm and a thickness D17Greater than 15mm and an inner radius R17The outer radius is equal to R17+D17. The left end of the combined insulating sleeve 505 is welded on the right end face of the supporting plate 501, and is separated from the lower bottom face of the outer secondary coil support 504 by a distance D15At a distance D from the upper bottom surface of the inner secondary coil support 50616，D15≈D16And therefore the lower bottom inner radius R of the outer secondary coil support 504 can be combined according to this principle15And inner radius R of the upper bottom surface of inner secondary coil support 50614Determination of R17I.e. by
Figure GDA0003526412980000181
From this formula, R can be determined17Approximate range. Because the transformer cavity is filled with insulating medium 6 (i.e. transformer oil), a combined insulating sleeve 505 is added between the outer secondary coil support 504 and the inner secondary coil support 506, so that the present invention adopts a combination of solid and liquid to increase the insulating strength within a fixed physical length in a liquid medium.
The insulating medium 6 is transformer oil, and the insulating medium 6 fills the cavity of the compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer.
Example one:
input voltage V of Tesla transformerpPeak value of 2kV, step-up ratio N greater than 300, and output voltage VsThe peak value is more than 600kV, the leading edge of the pulse is 46 mus, the stable operation of long-time repetition frequency of 30Hz is realized, and the specific design size of the embodiment is as follows:
total length L of the housing 131200mm, inner diameter R4Is 164mm, thickness D7Is 36 mm. Length L of edge compression ring 1014Has an inner diameter R of 60mm4And is 164 mm. End cover plate 103 inner diameter R4Is 164mm, and the inner diameter R of the annular protrusion 10316Is 30mm, outer diameter R7Is 60mm, depth W7Is 24 mm.
Outer core 201 length L6Is 1000mm, thickness D6Is 28mm and has an inner radius equal to R4Is 164mm, and the width W of the upper notch 203830mm, and the relative permeability mu of the outer core 201sAbout 2000. Inner magnetic core 302 length L8950mm, outer radius R14Is 80mm, and has an inner radius R1230mm, inner magnetic core 302 relative magnetic permeability musAbout 2000.
All primary windings adopt a thickness D9Is a 2mm copper strip wound into a spiral ring with an inner radius R5160mm, the copper bar has no insulating outer paint, a layer of insulating paper 7 is padded among the left primary coil 302, the middle primary coil 303, the right primary coil 304 and the outer magnetic core 201, and the thickness D of the insulating paper 78Is 3 mm. The external copper column 301 has n112, the lower ends of the two primary coils are connected with a left primary coil 302, a middle primary coil 303 and a right primary coil 304 through small screws, and the two primary coils are externally connected with a copper column 301 through a radius R at the upper end18Is 5mm, and the diameter D of the lower end18Is 15mm, length L14Is 128 mm. The same group of external copper columns 301 is spaced by a distance W5Is 108mm, and the distance W between the adjacent groups of the external copper columns 3016Is 54 mm. The left-end primary winding 302 has a total of one, 2 turns each, and a width W1Is 44mm, and has a turn pitch W210mm, inductance Lp1About 4.1 muH. The number of the middle primary coils 303 is 4, each coil has 1 turn, and each turn has a width W3Is 150mm, the turn pitch W412mm, inductance Lp2About 1.04 μ H; the right primary winding 304 has a total of one, 2 turns each, and a width W1Is 44mm, and has a turn pitch W210mm, inductance Lp3About 4.1 muH.
Diameter D of copper wire used for outer secondary coil 403 and inner secondary coil 40514Is 1mm, and has a turn pitch D12And 4mm, uniformly wound around the outer secondary winding support 504 and the inner secondary winding support 506. The number of turns of the outer secondary coil 403 is 210, and the inductance L iss1Approximately 120mH, the inner secondary coil 405 and the outer secondary winding 403 keep the same number of turns as 210 turns, and the inductance Ls2About 70 mH. Outer secondary coil 403 and inner secondaryThe right ends of the coils 405 are welded on the inner surface of the shielding ring 404, and the inner radius R of the shielding ring 40413115mm, ring width D11Is 10 mm. The output terminal 402 is cylindrical and has a length L12Is 60mm, radius R9And the right end of the output terminal 402 is welded with the left end of the inner secondary coil 405, which is 30 mm.
Inner radius R of the support plate 50116Is 30mm, and has an outer radius R8Is 195mm, thickness D10Is 40 mm. Diameter D of the insulating cylinder 50318Is 15mm, length L5Is 50 mm. Outer secondary coil support 504 length L101005mm, and an inner radius R of the upper bottom surface10Is 117mm, and the radius R of the lower bottom surface15143mm in thickness D1310mm, the included angle theta between the generatrix and the axis3Is 2.2 degrees. Inner secondary coil support 506 length L9967mm, and the inner radius R of the upper bottom surface14Is 80mm, and the radius R in the lower bottom surface1194mm, the thickness is also 10mm, and the included angle theta between the generatrix and the axial line2Is 2.8 degrees. Length L of combined insulating sleeve 50513Is 150mm, and has a thickness D17Is 18mm, and has an inner radius R17Is 110 mm. Distance D between combined insulating sleeve 505 and leftmost end of outer secondary coil 40315Is 24.5mm, and is at a distance D from the leftmost end of the inner secondary coil 50616Is 24.8 mm. Length L of support rod 50711Is 1005mm, and an outer radius R12Is 30 mm.
The total length of this example is 1.2m, the maximum diameter is 0.4m, and the volume is 0.15m3And the requirement of the maneuvering platform on the miniaturization of the transformer is met.
The insulation distance D between the outer secondary coil 403 and the left primary coil 30219Is 6 mm.
To verify the characteristics of this embodiment, a high voltage test of charging and discharging was performed, in which the output terminal 402 is connected with a load output pulse as shown in fig. 9, and the pulse transformer can raise the input voltage of 2kV to over 630kV, the leading edge of the pulse is 46 μ s, and the full width at half maximum is 60 μ s during the test. The step-up ratio N of the embodiment is equal to 315, and insulation breakdown phenomenon does not occur in 10 ten thousand repetition frequency experiments, so that 30Hz repetition frequency stable operation is realized for 30 s.
The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, but rather, the present invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer is cylindrical in whole and comprises a shell (1), a magnetic core (2), a primary winding (3), a secondary winding (4), an insulating support (5) and an insulating medium (6); the magnetic core (2) is formed by coaxially nesting an outer magnetic core (201) and an inner magnetic core (202); the secondary winding (4) comprises an output terminal (402); the insulating support comprises a support plate (501); one end of the transformer connected with the load, namely an output terminal (402), is an output end; the compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer is characterized by also comprising insulating paper (7); defining the output end as the left end of a compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer, and defining the other end as the right end of the compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer; the shell (1) consists of an edge pressure ring (101), a main body shell (102) and an end cover plate (103); the primary winding (3) is composed of n1An external copper column (301), 1 left primary coil (302), n12-2 middle primary coils (303) and 1 right primary coil (304), n1Is a positive integer; the secondary winding (4) further comprises an outer secondary coil (403), a shielding ring (404), an inner secondary coil (405); the insulating support (5) further comprises n1The transformer comprises an insulation cylinder (503), an outer secondary coil support (504), a combined insulation sleeve (505), an inner secondary coil support (506), a support rod (507) and an insulator (508), wherein the insulation support (5) insulates and supports the secondary winding (4) and the inner magnetic core (202); the supporting plate (501) is fixed at the left end of the main body shell (102) through a screw and the edge pressing ring (101), the end cover plate (103) is fixed at the right end of the main body shell (102) through a screw, the supporting plate (501), the main body shell (102) and the end cover plate (103) form a sealed cavity, and the sealed cavity is filled with an insulating medium (6); the outer magnetic core (201), the primary winding (3), the outer secondary coil (403) and the outer secondary coil support (504), the combined insulating sleeve (505), the inner secondary coil (405) and the inner secondary coil support (506), the inner magnetic core (202) and the support rod (507) are coaxially nested inside the main body shell (102) from outside to inside; the magnetic core (2) is formed by pressing open-loop silicon steel sheets; outer coverThe magnetic core (201) is nested on the inner side of the main body shell (102), the inner side wall of the outer magnetic core (201) is tightly attached to the outer side wall of the primary winding (3), and the inner side wall of the outer magnetic core (201) is isolated from the outer side wall of the primary winding (3) through insulating paper (7); the outer secondary coil (403) is uniformly wound on the outer secondary coil support (504), the left end of the outer secondary coil (403) is fixed on the right surface of the support plate (501) and keeps an insulation distance D with the left end primary coil (302)19(ii) a The inner secondary coil (405) is uniformly wound on the inner secondary coil support (506), and the right end of the inner secondary coil (405) is connected with the right end of the outer secondary coil (403); the inner magnetic core (202) is positioned at the inner side of the inner secondary coil support (506) and is nested on a support rod (507) positioned in the central axis of the main body shell (102); n is1The external copper column (301) is used as an input end of the transformer and is positioned at one side of the main body shell (102), the input end of the transformer is defined as an upper end, and the other end of the main body shell (102) opposite to the input end of the transformer is defined as a lower end; the external copper column (301) is hammer-shaped, the upper half part is a thin cylinder, the lower half part is a thick cylinder, every two cylinders are in a group and are divided into n1Group/2; the upper half parts of the two external copper columns (301) in each group are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of a low-voltage signal, namely the upper half part of one external copper column (301) close to the left end in the same group is connected with the positive electrode of an input signal, and the upper half part of one external copper column (301) close to the right end is connected with the negative electrode of the input signal; the lower half part of each of 2 external copper columns (301) in the same group is connected with the left end of one of a left-end primary coil (302), a middle primary coil (303) and a right-end primary coil (304) close to the left end, and is connected with the right end of the same primary coil close to the right end, and so on, n1/2 group n1The external copper columns (301) respectively correspond to the left end and the right end of the left primary coil (302), the middle primary coil (303) and the right primary coil (304); the left end of the outer secondary coil (403) is connected with the shell (1), the right end of the outer secondary coil and the right end of the inner secondary coil (405) are welded on the left end surface of the shielding ring (404) and are electrically connected, and the left end of the inner secondary coil (405) is connected with the output terminal (402); the left end of the outer secondary coil support (504) and the left end of the combined insulating sleeve (505) are fixed on the right end surface of the support plate (501) by using an insulating screw rod; the output terminal (402) is embedded in the central through hole of the support plate (501); the left end of the support rod (507) is connected with the right end of the output terminal (402), and the right end is connected with the left end of the insulator (508)(ii) a The right end of the insulator (508) is embedded in the annular bulge at the axle center of the end cover plate (103), and the interior of the retaining device is integrally fixed;
the left end of the shell (1) is open, the right end of the shell is closed, and the edge pressure ring (101), the main body shell (102) and the end cover plate (103) are fixedly connected by a screw rod from left to right; the main body shell (102) is a cylinder, the left end of the main body shell is connected with the edge pressure ring (101), and the right end of the main body shell is connected with the end cover plate (103); the main body shell (102) has a length L3The maximum thickness of the side wall is D7Inner radius of R4(ii) a The side wall is provided with a groove (1021) for nesting the outer magnetic core (201); l is a radical of an alcohol3And R4Determining according to the requirement of platform load capacity and the requirement of device compactness; the upward side wall of the main body shell (102) is distributed with n1A circular hole, n1Each round hole is numbered n11，n12，n13，……，n1n1Diameter of the circular hole is D18(ii) a An insulating cylinder (503) is embedded in each round hole; electrically isolating the external copper column (301) from the main body shell (102), inserting the external copper column (301) into the insulating cylinder (503), and fixing the external copper column and the insulating cylinder by using threads; one for each two holes, i.e. n11And n12Are a group, n13And n14The groups are divided into one group, and by analogy, each group is completely the same; is numbered n11And the number n12Has a circular hole distance of W5，W5Is greater than the total width of the left primary coil (302), the middle primary coil (303) and the right primary coil (304) and is numbered as n12And the number n13Has a circular hole distance of W6(ii) a The shell (1) is made of stainless steel; the edge pressure ring (101) is annular; the end cover plate (103) is bowl-shaped; the center of the left side surface of the end cover plate (103) is provided with an annular protrusion (1031) for fixing the insulator (508);
the magnetic core (2) is formed by pressing silicon steel sheets, and the outer magnetic core (201) is embedded in the main body shell (102) and is cylindrical; the upper end of the outer magnetic core (201) is provided with a gap (203); the inner radius of the outer magnetic core (201) is equal to R4Thickness of D6Length L of6Is less than the length L of the main body shell (102)3(ii) a The inner magnetic core (202) is cylindrical, is positioned inside the inner secondary coil support (506) and is wrapped outside the support rod (507)Surface, inner radius R12And an outer radius of R14；
The external copper column (301) of the primary winding (3) is fixed on the upward side surface n of the shell (1) by screw threads1Inside the insulating cylinder (503) in each round hole;
the left primary coil (302) is a spiral ring and is made of copper bars, each spiral ring becomes a primary coil in a primary winding, and the inner radius of the spiral ring wound by the copper bars is R5(ii) a The spiral ring in the left primary coil (302) has m in total1A, m1The voltage boosting ratio and the stability requirement of the pulse transformer are determined; the number of turns of the primary coil (302) at the left end is np1Turns; inductance of Lp1；
The middle primary coil (303) is also a spiral ring, and the inner radius of the spiral ring is equal to R5Is made of copper bar with m2A spiral ring, m2The step-up ratio of the transformer and the stability requirement of the transformer are determined; the distance between the leftmost middle primary coil (303) and the left primary coil (302) is W4Each middle primary coil (303) has n coil turnsp2Inductance of Lp2，Lp2<Lp1；
The right primary coil (304) is a spiral ring made of copper bars, and the inner radius of the spiral ring is equal to R5Has m of3A spiral ring, m3The step-up ratio of the transformer and the stability requirement of the transformer are determined; the distance between the right primary coil (304) and the adjacent middle primary coil (303) is equal to W4Inductance Lp3Is equal to Lp1；
The outer secondary coil (403) of the secondary winding (4) is uniformly wound in the groove of the outer secondary coil support (504) with the turn distance D12(ii) a The inner secondary coil (405) is uniformly wound in the groove of the inner secondary coil support (506) with the turn-to-turn distance equal to D12(ii) a The outer secondary coil (403) and the inner secondary coil (405) adopt copper wires; the number of turns of the outer secondary coil (403) is n3Inductance of Ls1The number of turns of the inner secondary coil (405) is n4Inductance of Ls2(ii) a At the right end of the secondary winding (4), an outer secondaryThe coil (403) and the inner secondary coil (405) are welded on the left end face of the shielding ring (404); the shielding ring (404) is positioned at the right ends of the outer secondary coil (403) and the inner secondary coil (405) and is made of stainless steel; the left end of the inner secondary coil (405) is connected with the output terminal (402) in a welding way; the output terminal (402) is a stainless steel cylinder with an outer radius of R9；
The insulating support (5) is made of an insulating material;
n1the insulating cylinders (503) are respectively nested at the upper end n of the side wall of the main body shell (102)1The inside of each round hole is cylindrical, and the outer diameter is equal to D18Inner radius of R18Length of L5；
The supporting plate (501) is arranged at the left end of the secondary winding (4) and is a circular annular plate; the supporting plate (501) is fixed at the left end of the main body shell (102) by an edge pressure ring (101) and a screw, and the outer surface of the output terminal (402) is tightly wrapped in the inner side wall of the supporting plate (501) to seal the whole transformer; the right end face of the supporting plate (501) is connected with the left end of the outer secondary coil support (504) and the left end of the insulating sleeve (505);
the outer secondary coil support (504) is a truncated cone made of insulating material, and the length of the outer secondary coil support (504) is L10(ii) a The inner radius R of the upper bottom surface, namely the right bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support (504)10Determining according to an electric field simulation optimization result; lower bottom surface, i.e. left bottom surface inner radius R15According to the optimization result of the electric field simulation, the thickness is D13The angle between the generatrix and the axis of the circular truncated cone is theta3(ii) a The left end of the outer secondary coil support (504) is fixed on the right end face of the support plate (501) by an insulating screw rod;
the inner secondary coil support (506) is a truncated cone-shaped cylinder made of insulating material and has a length L9(ii) a The inner radius of the upper bottom surface, namely the left bottom surface of the inner secondary coil support (506) is equal to R14Lower, right bottom, inner radius R11≈R10-D13The angle between the generatrix and the axis of the circular truncated cone is theta2(ii) a The outer secondary coil support (504) and the inner secondary coil support (506) are in a coaxial reverse nesting structure, the lower bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support (504) is connected with the support plate (501), and the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support (504) and the lower bottom of the inner secondary coil support (506) are connected with each otherThe surfaces keep the same horizontal plane and are fixedly connected to an insulator (508) by an insulating screw rod; the reverse nested structure is beneficial to increasing the insulation distance between the high-voltage part and the ground potential, and high-voltage insulation is realized;
the supporting rod (507) is a cylindrical rod made of a solid insulating material, the supporting rod (507) is embedded in the inner magnetic core (202) and is coaxial with the inner magnetic core (202), the left end of the supporting rod (507) is connected with the right end of the output terminal (402), and the right end of the supporting rod is embedded in a center hole in the left side face of the insulator (508);
the insulator (508) is approximately in a round table shape, and a center hole (5081) is formed in the left side surface of the insulator (508) in a digging mode; the insulator (508) is positioned at the right end of the secondary winding (4), the outer side of the insulator is fixed on the upper bottom surface of the outer secondary coil support (504) through an insulating screw rod, the right end of a support rod (507) is nested in the central hole (5081), and the right end of the insulator (508) is fixed inside an annular protrusion (1031) of the end cover plate (103);
a composite insulating sleeve (505) located in the gap between the outer secondary winding support (504) and the inner secondary winding support (506), the composite insulating sleeve (505) being cylindrical; the left end of the combined insulating sleeve (505) is welded on the right end face of the support plate (501);
the insulating medium (6) is transformer oil, and the insulating medium (6) is filled in a cavity of the compact double-layer secondary Tesla type pulse transformer.
2. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer secondary winding (403) is kept insulated from the left-hand primary winding (302) by an insulation distance D19According to the insulation strength of the insulation medium (6) and the input voltage, the requirement of ensuring that breakdown does not occur between the left-end primary coil (302) and the outer secondary coil (403) is determined through analog simulation.
3. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that said insulation distance D19Greater than 5 mm.
4. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterised in thatThe overall length of the external copper column (301) is L14＝2L5+D6The radius of the thin cylinder externally connected with the copper cylinder (301) is equal to R18Length equal to 2L5The diameter of the thick round column of the external copper column (301) is equal to D18The length of the thick cylinder being equal to D6；n1In the external copper columns (301), the lower half parts of the first group of 2 external copper columns (301) at the left end are connected with the left end of the primary coil (302) at the left end close to the left end, and are connected with the right end of the primary coil (302) at the left end close to the right end; middle part n1A/2-2 group of 8 external copper columns (301), wherein n near the left end in each group1The lower half parts of/2-2 external copper columns (301) are respectively connected with n12-2 middle primary coils (303) are connected at the left end, and n near the right end in each group1The lower half parts of/2-2 external copper columns (301) are respectively connected with n1The right ends of 2-2 middle primary coils (303) are connected to form n12-2 sets of parallel primary windings; n th of right end1The lower half parts of the 2 external copper columns (301) in the/2 group are connected with the left end of the right primary coil (304) close to the left end and connected with the right end of the right primary coil (304) close to the right end.
5. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that said main body housing (102) has a length L3500 mm-2000 mm, maximum thickness D of side wall7Greater than 30mm, inner radius R4100 mm-500 mm; the depth of the groove (1021) on the side wall is equal to the thickness D of the outer magnetic core6(ii) a Where the side wall is thinnest, i.e. D7-D6The value of (A) is not less than 5 mm; n distributed on the upward side wall of the main body shell (102)1Diameter D of each circular hole1810-20 mm; is numbered n11And the number n12Distance W of circular hole5Greater than 100mm, numbered n12And the number n13Distance W of circular hole6Greater than 50 mm.
6. A compact two-level Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the length L of the edge compression rings (101) is such that4Greater than 50mm and inner radius equal toR4(ii) a The inner radius of the end cover plate (103) is equal to R4(ii) a The inner radius R of the annular protrusion (1031) on the left side surface of the end cover plate (103)6Greater than 30mm, and the outer radius R of the annular protrusion7Is an inner radius R6Twice the depth of W7The depth H of the end cover plate (103) is more than 2 times W7。
7. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that said magnetic core (2) is made of silicon steel sheet having a relative permeability μsIs 2000; the width W of the gap (203) at the upper end of the outer magnetic core (201)8≈2D18(ii) a Length L of outer magnetic core (201)6And the outer secondary coil support (504) length L10Equal; cross-sectional area of outer magnetic core (201)
Figure FDA0003526412970000051
And S1The requirements are satisfied
Figure FDA0003526412970000052
D6According to S1Is determined in which VsPeak output voltage, t, of a Tesla type pulse transformer with compact double secondaryrCharging time for load, BsTo saturate the magnetic induction, NsIs the sum of the number of secondary coil turns, i.e. the outer secondary coil (403) and the inner secondary coil (405), kTIs the fill factor kTIs 0.9; length L of inner magnetic core (202)7Less than L6(ii) a Cross-sectional area S of inner magnetic core2Is composed of
Figure FDA0003526412970000053
And requires S2And S1Equality, determining S2Value of (A), R1220-40 mm, and then according to S2And R12Determining R14Is determined, and thus the thickness R of the inner magnetic core14-R12。
8. A compact bilayer device as claimed in claim 1Class of Tesla type pulse transformer, characterised in that the thickness D of the insulating paper (7)82-4 mm.
9. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that said left-hand primary winding (302) uses a copper strip thickness D91-5 mm, the width W of the copper bar140-50 mm, and the inner radius R of a spiral ring wound by copper strips5Is smaller than the inner radius R of the main body shell (102)4(ii) a Number m of spiral rings of primary coil (302) at left end11 or more, and n turnsp1Greater than 1 turn, and coil width equal to W1Distance W between2Greater than 8mm, turn inductance Lp1According to the number of turns np1And the size of the primary coil is obtained by analog calculation; the thickness of the copper bar adopted by the middle primary coil (303) is equal to D9The width of the copper bar is W3Greater than 100mm, and the number m of spiral rings of the middle primary coil (303)2Greater than or equal to 1; distance W between the leftmost middle primary coil (303) and the left primary coil (302)4Greater than 10mm, and the width of the spiral ring is equal to W3Number of turns n of each group of coilsp2Is 1 turn, inductance Lp2According to the number of turns np2And the primary coil size is calculated by simulation to obtain n1A spacing between adjacent ones of 2-2 middle primary coils (303) is equal to W4(ii) a The copper bar adopted by the right primary coil (304) is the same as that of the left primary coil (302), and the number of the spiral rings is m3Greater than or equal to 1; number of turns np3Greater than 1 turn; the distance between the right primary coil (304) and the adjacent middle primary coil (303) is equal to W4The turn-to-turn pitch being equal to W2。
10. A compact two-level Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the inter-turn distance D of the outer secondary winding (403) is such that12Greater than 3 mm; the inter-turn pitch of the inner secondary coil (405) is equal to D12(ii) a The outer secondary coil (403) and the inner secondary coil (405) adopt copper wire diameter D141-3 mm; the number of turns n of the outer secondary coil (403)3According to the output voltage requirementInductance of Ls1According to the number of turns n3And the size of the outer secondary coil is obtained by analog calculation, and the number of turns n of the inner secondary coil (405)4≈n3Inductance Ls2According to the number of turns n4And the size of the inner secondary coil is obtained by analog calculation; inner radius R of the shield ring (404)13≈R10(ii) a Thickness D of the shield ring (404)11≈D13The outer radius of the shield ring (404) is equal to R13+D11The edge of the shield ring (404) is chamfered; outer radius R of output terminal (402)920-40 mm, length L12Greater than 50 mm.
11. A compact two-level secondary Tesla-type pulse transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that said insulating cylinder (503) has an inner radius R184-6 mm, length L540-60 mm; the outer radius R of the support plate (501)8＝D6+R4Inner radius R16＝R9Thickness D10Greater than 30 mm; the outer secondary coil support (504) has a length L10≈n3(D12+D14)，D14The diameter of the copper wire used for the outer secondary winding (403); inner radius R of upper bottom surface, namely right bottom surface of outer secondary coil support (504)10Greater than 50 mm; lower bottom surface, i.e. left bottom surface inner radius R15Greater than 70mm, thickness D13Greater than 8mm, and the angle theta between the generatrix and the axis of the circular truncated cone3Satisfies tan theta3＝(R15-R10)/L10(ii) a Inner secondary coil support (506) length L9≈n4(D12+D14) (ii) a The inner secondary coil support (506) has a thickness equal to D13(ii) a Generatrix and round table axial angle theta2Satisfies tan theta2＝(R11-R14)/L9(ii) a The support rod (507) is a cylindrical rod made of solid insulating material and has a length L11≈L9The radius is equal to the inner radius R of the inner magnetic core (202)12(ii) a The depth of the central hole (5081) of the insulator (508) is equal to 2D13The radius of the central hole (5081) is equal to R12(ii) a Length L of combined insulating sleeve (505)13Greater than 120mm, thickness D17Is greater than15mm and an inner radius of R17，
Figure FDA0003526412970000061
Outer radius equal to R17+D17(ii) a The left end of the combined insulating sleeve (505) is welded on the right end face of the supporting plate (501) and is separated from the lower bottom face of the outer secondary coil support (504) by a distance D15At a distance D from the upper bottom surface of the inner secondary coil support (506)16，D15≈D16。
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