CN113554267A - Explosion welding stress removing field management method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of welding stress relief by blasting, and provides a field management method for removing welding stress by blasting, which comprises the following steps: s1, arranging a warning area around the welding construction site, wherein the warning area comprises a warning line and a warning net; s2, managing the construction equipment and the staff in the warning area; s3, classifying welding seams of the welded joint after welding is finished, wherein the welding seams comprise pipeline welding seams, metal plate welding seams and curved surface welding seams; s4, performing explosive arrangement on the welding seam through field workers, wherein the field workers comprise at least one operator and at least one field manager; s5, after explosive arrangement is completed, rapidly evacuating the operators and the field management personnel to a designated safety area; and S6, controlling explosive explosion by an explosion operator to remove welding stress. The invention has the advantages of convenient construction site management, high safety and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding stress relief through blasting, and particularly relates to an explosion welding stress relief field management method.
Background
With the acceleration of the development pace of hydropower, various hydraulic structures are increasing, and are developing towards large-scale and high-parameter directions, so that the safety use of the structures is very important. The welding residual stress is taken as an important factor influencing the service performance of a welding structure and needs to be paid enough attention. The explosion method for eliminating residual stress is a new technology for eliminating welding residual stress by carrying out explosion treatment on a metal welding structure, is a new technology developed and popularized in recent years, converts residual elastic strain of a welding area into plastic strain by using shock waves generated by explosion of special explosives arranged near the welding line, achieves the purpose of eliminating or reducing the residual stress, and is simple in explosion treatment operation, low in energy consumption, high in construction speed, free of limitation of the size of a workpiece, and particularly suitable for large-scale welding structures.
The existing method for eliminating welding stress generally distributes explosive uniformly along a welding line, so that the explosive consumption is large, and the effect of eliminating residual stress is not ideal. However, removal of welding stress by explosion is prone to safety hazards during field explosions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an explosion welding stress removal field management method, and aims to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized in this way, a field management method for removing welding stress by explosion comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a warning area around the welding construction site, wherein the warning area comprises a warning line and a warning net;
s2, managing the construction equipment and the staff in the warning area;
s3, classifying welding seams of the welded joint after welding is finished, wherein the welding seams comprise pipeline welding seams, metal plate welding seams and curved surface welding seams;
s4, performing explosive arrangement on the welding seam through field workers, wherein the field workers comprise at least one operator and at least one field manager;
s5, after explosive arrangement is completed, rapidly evacuating the operators and the field management personnel to a designated safety area;
and S6, controlling explosive explosion by an explosion operator to remove welding stress.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes:
installing monitoring equipment in the warning area, and monitoring the warning area in real time through the monitoring equipment;
when workers who are not workers or workers who are not dressed according to construction enter the warning area, an alarm signal is sent out;
and sending the alarm signal to a monitoring center, and carrying out alarm processing through the monitoring center.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
after welding is finished, classifying the construction equipment and attaching labels, wherein the labels comprise engineering machinery, welding equipment and fireproof equipment;
and classifying the workers corresponding to the engineering machinery class, the welding equipment class and the fireproof equipment class.
Preferably, in step S4, the method further includes:
and in the explosive arrangement process, the field workers are prohibited from carrying open fire equipment and static working clothes.
Preferably, after the step S5, the method further includes:
protecting construction equipment which cannot be evacuated on site;
and presetting blasting alarm time after the construction equipment protection is finished, and entering the step S6 after the preset blasting time is finished.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and after the explosion is finished, the field is carefully checked, and the alarm can be relieved after the safety is confirmed to be correct.
Preferably, the warning net is a wire net or a steel wire net.
The welding construction method has the beneficial effects that the warning area is arranged around the welding construction site, wherein the warning area comprises a warning line and a warning net; managing construction equipment and workers in the warning area; classifying welding seams of the welded joint after welding is finished, wherein the welding seams comprise pipeline welding seams, metal plate welding seams and curved surface welding seams; explosive arrangement is carried out on the welding seam through field workers, wherein the field workers comprise at least one operator and at least one field manager; after the explosive is arranged, rapidly evacuating the operating personnel and the field management personnel to a designated safety area; the explosive charge is controlled by the blasting operator to detonate to remove the welding stress. The invention has high safety through reasonable management of the on-site explosive and personnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a field management method for explosive welding stress relief provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of an explosion-welding stress-relief field management method according to the present invention. The invention provides an explosion welding stress removal field management method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a warning area around the welding construction site, wherein the warning area comprises a warning line and a warning net. Can effectively prevent through the alert region that non-staff from carrying out the operation region, the security is high.
And S2, managing the construction equipment and the staff in the warning area. Construction equipment and staff are effectively managed, the welding process of the pipeline or the metal plate is facilitated, the operation efficiency is high, and the use is convenient.
And S3, classifying the welding seams of the welded joint after welding, wherein the welding seams comprise pipeline welding seams, metal plate welding seams and curved surface welding seams. In the welding seam position of difference, the position of installation explosive also is different, carries out classification with the welding seam, is convenient for use different arrangement mode fast, and is efficient.
And S4, performing explosive arrangement on the welding seam through field workers, wherein the field workers comprise at least one operator and at least one field manager.
And S5, after explosive arrangement is completed, rapidly evacuating the operators and the field management personnel to a designated safety area.
And S6, controlling explosive explosion by an explosion operator to remove welding stress.
Specifically, the warning area is arranged around the welding construction site, wherein the warning area comprises a warning line and a warning net; managing construction equipment and workers in the warning area; classifying welding seams of the welded joint after welding is finished, wherein the welding seams comprise pipeline welding seams, metal plate welding seams and curved surface welding seams; explosive arrangement is carried out on the welding seam through field workers, wherein the field workers comprise at least one operator and at least one field manager; after the explosive is arranged, rapidly evacuating the operating personnel and the field management personnel to a designated safety area; the explosive charge is controlled by the blasting operator to detonate to remove the welding stress. The invention has high safety through reasonable management of the on-site explosive and personnel.
Among them, in the welding process of large metal structural members, due to the influence of uneven elastic-plastic deformation, residual stress areas exist in the welding part of the welded structural members, which is very unfavorable for the working condition of the structural members. In engineering application, a plurality of methods for eliminating welding residual stress are provided, wherein an explosion method is a new process invented in recent years, the implementation process is not limited by equipment and environmental conditions, the effect of eliminating the residual stress is good, a small number of application examples are provided in the application of metal structure installation engineering in the hydropower engineering construction in China, and the construction practice and the detection result of eliminating the welding seam of the drinking water pressure pipe of the three gorges power station show that the method has very wide application prospect in the metal structure welding engineering.
Specifically, methods for reducing or eliminating welding residual stress generally fall into two categories, one is to reduce or eliminate welding residual stress through thermal action, namely creep and stress relaxation, and the other includes methods such as integral and local heat treatment; another category is the reduction or elimination of welding residual stress by plastic deformation by mechanical action, including mechanical stretching, rolling, overloading, hammering, shot blasting (sand), mechanical vibration, and explosion methods. The residual stress is eliminated by explosion, so that the stress corrosion resistance of the welding joint can be improved, the fatigue life of the component is prolonged, and the brittle failure resistance of the structure is improved. Particularly, the reheating crack of the reheating sensitive material can be eliminated, and the residual stress of the special quenched and tempered steel welding component can be eliminated, which can not be achieved by the traditional annealing treatment. However, the explosion treatment eliminates the welding residual stress, and the theoretical research lags behind the experimental research and needs to be further researched.
The research on the residual stress elimination by an explosion method has been carried out on welding components such as 8-50 mm thick common carbon steel, medium-low strength low alloy steel, high strength quenched and tempered steel, austenitic stainless steel, castings, bronze ware and the like by explosion process test research. And the method is successfully applied to projects such as pressure vessels, oxygen storage tanks, alkali conveying pipelines, crane arms, excavator movable arms, desilication tanks of alumina plants, petrochemical reaction towers, large pressure steel pipes of hydropower stations, steel branch pipes and the like. The explosion method for eliminating the residual stress is widely researched and popularized for many years. The explosion method is mainly used for eliminating the welding residual stress by adopting the action of high-energy shock waves of explosives on metals near a welding seam, so that the residual stress in the structure is relaxed. Compressive stresses may also be created in the material if the shock wave energy is sufficiently strong. The method is not limited by the size and the material of the workpiece, and is very convenient and flexible. A large number of experimental researches and industrial applications prove that the welding residual stress can be effectively eliminated, the fatigue performance of the material per se can be obviously improved, the welding cracking resistance of the material can be improved, and the toughness of a welding coarse crystal region can be improved by adopting an explosion method treatment technology, so that the safety use performance of a welding structure can be integrally improved.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the step S1 further includes: installing monitoring equipment in the warning area, and monitoring the warning area in real time through the monitoring equipment; when workers who are not workers or workers who are not dressed according to construction enter the warning area, an alarm signal is sent out; and sending the alarm signal to a monitoring center, and carrying out alarm processing through the monitoring center.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the step S2 includes: after welding is finished, classifying the construction equipment and attaching labels, wherein the labels comprise engineering machinery, welding equipment and fireproof equipment; and classifying the workers corresponding to the engineering machinery class, the welding equipment class and the fireproof equipment class.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the method further includes: and in the explosive arrangement process, the field workers are prohibited from carrying open fire equipment and static working clothes. Therefore, open fire can be prevented from occurring, so that the explosive is ignited and then exploded, and the safety is high.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after step S5, the method further includes: protecting construction equipment which cannot be evacuated on site; and presetting blasting alarm time after the construction equipment protection is finished, and entering the step S6 after the preset blasting time is finished. Because some large-scale equipment should not withdraw or carry, and the explosive of invention is mainly arranged on the weld seam, the equivalent weight of explosion is not too big, as long as protect equipment well, can not appear damaging, the security is high, simultaneously, still be convenient for open the operation after the protection casing next time.
The evacuation time of some slow-evacuation workers can be given by presetting the blasting alarm time, such as blasting after 10 seconds and 20 seconds, and the method is safe and convenient.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: and after the explosion is finished, the field is carefully checked, and the alarm can be relieved after the safety is confirmed to be correct. The explosive is subjected to field inspection after the explosion is finished, so that the condition that some explosives are not completely exploded is avoided, open fire inspection needs to be avoided in the inspection process when the explosives exist in the field, the explosives which are not completely exploded are prevented from exploding, and the safety is low.
Preferably, the warning net is a wire net or a steel wire net. Welding waste, iron fillings, stone etc. fly out can come out among the explosion process, protect through wire netting or wire net, and the security is high.
In the embodiment of the invention, because of the existence of the residual stress, various properties of the material are seriously influenced, and the explosive shock wave can effectively eliminate the residual stress and also influence the properties of the material.
The stress-strain curve of the material before and after explosion treatment shows that the stainless steel welding joint after explosion treatment has improved hardness, and the yield strength of the stainless steel welding joint after explosion treatment, whether the stainless steel welding joint is a base metal or a welding seam metal, is respectively improved by 17.4 percent and 10.7 percent compared with the yield strength of the original base metal and the welding seam which are not subjected to explosion treatment, and has no obvious influence on plasticity and tensile strength. After explosion treatment, the elastic-plastic work, the tearing work and the total impact work are not greatly changed in the central area of the welding seam, the three are obviously improved at the fusion line, the tearing work is almost unchanged in a heat affected zone, and the other two are improved.
The brittle fracture of metal under the action of tensile stress and a specific corrosion environment is called stress corrosion cracking, and the combined action of the stress and the environment causes the material to be more seriously damaged than the additive effect of the single factors after the single factors act respectively. Stress corrosion cracking is a form of concealed material failure that has become a significant problem in engineering. Stress corrosion cracking is easily caused due to the welding residual stress of the welded joint. The explosion treatment can effectively eliminate the welding residual stress of the welding structure, improve the stress corrosion resistance of the structure and prolong the service life of the structure; should become an important process link in welding production.
The material after explosion treatment has higher fatigue strength, higher fatigue crack propagation threshold value and lower fatigue crack propagation rate; the fatigue performance of the material is obviously improved not only in the plastic action area of the shock wave but also in the elastic action area of the shock wave. The reason why the fatigue strength is improved after the explosion treatment is that the welding line ferrite is dislocated and tangled or pinned due to the explosion impact; the tensile residual stress of the welding affected zone is reduced, and the local compressive stress is formed; the surface of the welding affected zone is strengthened by shock wave treatment.
The 921 steel with strong reheat crack sensitivity is selected for testing, and the explosion method is used for replacing annealing treatment to eliminate welding residual stress, so that the residual stress can be effectively eliminated, and the reheat crack of the component can be avoided in the repeated heating process. The explosion treatment can make the dislocation of the metal structure in directional entanglement arrangement and increment to a certain degree, provide nucleation sites for precipitated phases, increase the dispersion degree of new phases, and reduce the enrichment of grain boundaries and the depletion of alloy in areas adjacent to the grain boundaries, thereby improving the grain boundary strength and the creep resistance of the whole material.
Incident compression waves caused by explosion surface treatment are found to strengthen the plastic deformation of the metal surface layer, increase the dislocation density and the point defect density, and improve the fatigue resistance of the material; the existing crack in the test piece is likely to expand under the action of the reflected tensile wave, the condition of expansion is that the stress intensity factor Kdyn theta max acting on the maximum positive stress direction of the crack end is larger than or equal to the stress intensity factor K1d under the dynamic condition, and the duration time exceeds the critical value. The crack is cleaved under the action of reflected stretching wave. The crack is not continuously expanded, and the expansion direction is vertical to the maximum normal stress at the top end of the composite crack. After the treatment of explosive shock waves, the fracture resistance of the 16MnR steel welding joint with the welding residual cracks is obviously improved, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature is reduced by more than 40 degrees.
The shock wave can not only increase the damage of the residual crack, but also cure the crack. The shock wave can lead the front edge area of the crack tip to be subjected to the deformation heat treatment of the shock wave, so that the grains are refined and dynamic-recovery composite recrystallization is generated, and local material modification is generated. The crack tip region material with improved properties surrounds the crack as a whole, while away from the crack tip region, the material hardens, limiting the propagation of the crack. After the 16MnR steel is subjected to shock wave treatment, the crack propagation resistance of the steel is obviously improved under static load, and particularly, the fracture absorption power of a crack sample of the shock wave treatment material is increased by nearly ten times when the fracture absorption power is lower than the brittle transition temperature. Under the impact load, the crack propagation resistance of the shock wave treatment material is also obviously improved, but the degree is not as high as that under the static load condition.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An explosion welding stress removal field management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging a warning area around the welding construction site, wherein the warning area comprises a warning line and a warning net;
s2, managing the construction equipment and the staff in the warning area;
s3, classifying welding seams of the welded joint after welding is finished, wherein the welding seams comprise pipeline welding seams, metal plate welding seams and curved surface welding seams;
s4, performing explosive arrangement on the welding seam through field workers, wherein the field workers comprise at least one operator and at least one field manager;
s5, after explosive arrangement is completed, rapidly evacuating the operators and the field management personnel to a designated safety area;
and S6, controlling explosive explosion by an explosion operator to remove welding stress.
2. The field management method for explosion-welding stress relief as defined in claim 1, wherein said step S1 further comprises:
installing monitoring equipment in the warning area, and monitoring the warning area in real time through the monitoring equipment;
when workers who are not workers or workers who are not dressed according to construction enter the warning area, an alarm signal is sent out;
and sending the alarm signal to a monitoring center, and carrying out alarm processing through the monitoring center.
3. The field management method for explosion-welding stress relief as defined in claim 1, wherein said step S2 includes:
after welding is finished, classifying the construction equipment and attaching labels, wherein the labels comprise engineering machinery, welding equipment and fireproof equipment;
and classifying the workers corresponding to the engineering machinery class, the welding equipment class and the fireproof equipment class.
4. The field management method for explosion-welding stress removal as defined in claim 1, wherein in said step S4, further comprising:
and in the explosive arrangement process, the field workers are prohibited from carrying open fire equipment and static working clothes.
5. The field management method for explosion-welding stress removal as defined in claim 1, further comprising, after said step S5:
protecting construction equipment which cannot be evacuated on site;
and presetting blasting alarm time after the construction equipment protection is finished, and entering the step S6 after the preset blasting time is finished.
6. The field management method for explosive desoldering stress according to claim 4, further comprising: and after the explosion is finished, the field is carefully checked, and the alarm can be relieved after the safety is confirmed to be correct.
7. The field management method for explosion-relief welding stress according to claim 1, wherein the warning net is a wire mesh or a steel wire mesh.
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