CN113552803A - Energy management method based on working condition identification - Google Patents

Energy management method based on working condition identification Download PDF

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CN113552803A
CN113552803A CN202110846298.8A CN202110846298A CN113552803A CN 113552803 A CN113552803 A CN 113552803A CN 202110846298 A CN202110846298 A CN 202110846298A CN 113552803 A CN113552803 A CN 113552803A
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condition
energy management
working condition
equivalent fuel
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CN113552803B (en
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郑伟光
李燕青
许恩永
覃记荣
唐荣江
何水龙
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co Ltd
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Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
    • G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy management method based on working condition identification, which comprises the steps of classifying four typical working conditions by using a K-means clustering algorithm, and calculating clustering centers of the four typical working conditions; establishing an equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy according to automobile parameters; combining a multi-island genetic algorithm and a sequence quadratic programming algorithm, and constructing a combined optimization model by using a Task component in Isight software; carrying out integrated optimization on variables of the equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy and the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions by using a combined optimization model to obtain a final clustering center and corresponding optimal equivalent fuel coefficients under the four typical working conditions; extracting a section of random driving condition characteristic parameters, classifying the working conditions, and optimally distributing power according to the type of the current typical working condition and the optimal equivalent fuel coefficient; the invention can realize the identification of the characteristic parameters of the working conditions and simultaneously solves the defect of a single local or global optimization algorithm.

Description

Energy management method based on working condition identification
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy management of hybrid electric vehicles, in particular to an energy management method based on working condition identification.
Background
The rule-based energy management strategy is relatively low in fuel economy of the whole vehicle compared with the instantaneous optimization, the global optimization and the adaptive energy management strategy based on the working condition identification. The instantaneous optimization is optimized aiming at a certain driving working condition, so that the adaptability to other working conditions is poor, and meanwhile, the potential of the instantaneous optimization for improving the fuel economy is insufficient; the global optimization algorithm is complex, the calculated amount is large, the future road condition needs to be known, and the practicability is poor; the self-adaptive energy management strategy based on the working condition identification can well improve the fuel economy of the whole vehicle, the commonly adopted working condition identification algorithms are a neural network, a support vector machine and the like, and the working condition identification algorithms are difficult to be directly applied to the energy management strategy of the actual vehicle due to the poor computing capability of the actual vehicle controller. In addition, the hybrid system is optimally designed through manual parameter adjustment or optimization algorithm compiling, so that the workload is large and tedious, and the accuracy is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems.
Therefore, the energy management method based on the working condition identification can improve the problems of low fuel economy of the whole vehicle, avoidance of the problem that a single algorithm falls into a local optimal solution, and effective improvement of the problems of large workload and high fault tolerance rate of compiling optimization algorithms and optimization variable codes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method comprises the steps of classifying the working conditions of four typical working conditions by using a K-means clustering algorithm, and calculating the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions; establishing an equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy according to automobile parameters; combining a multi-island genetic algorithm and a sequence quadratic programming algorithm, and constructing a combined optimization model by using a Task component in Isight software; performing integrated optimization on the variables of the minimum control strategy of equivalent fuel consumption and the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions by using the combined optimization model to obtain a final clustering center and corresponding optimal equivalent fuel coefficients under the four typical working conditions; and extracting a random section of characteristic parameters of the running condition, classifying the working condition, and optimally distributing power according to the type of the current typical working condition and the optimal equivalent fuel coefficient.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: the four typical operating conditions include crowded operating conditions, urban operating conditions, suburban operating conditions and highway operating conditions.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: the working condition classification comprises the steps of extracting characteristic parameters of random working conditions in an identification period before the current moment for the random working conditions; and taking the extracted characteristic parameters as an array, calculating Euclidean distances between the array and each cluster center, wherein the cluster center closest to the array is the cluster to which the array belongs, and the working condition to which the current moment belongs is the working condition type represented by the cluster.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: selecting characteristic parameters of the running conditions; and selecting the driving condition characteristic parameters by analyzing the correlation among the characteristic parameters and the oil consumption of the traditional automobile and the oil consumption of the hybrid electric automobile respectively and the sensitivity of the characteristic parameters changing along with the working condition.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: the sensitivity degree of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition comprises that the sensitivity degree of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition is determined by R1 and R2, wherein R1 reflects the amplitude of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition, and R2 reflects the speed of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition;
Figure BDA0003180690810000021
Figure BDA0003180690810000022
wherein x istIs the value of the t-th sample in the database with the sample capacity of n; f. of0.98And f0.02Is the variable value when the function value of the cumulative distribution of a certain variable is respectively 0.98 and 0.02.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: the establishment of the minimum control strategy of the equivalent fuel consumption comprises the establishment of a penalty function fsocGA _ NLPQL, control fluctuation range of battery SOC:
Figure BDA0003180690810000023
establishing an objective function optimized by an equivalent fuel minimum energy management strategy
Figure BDA0003180690810000024
Constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0003180690810000025
SOCL≤SOC(t)≤SOCH
defining a fitness function Fit based on the objective functionecms(x)：
Figure BDA0003180690810000031
Wherein k isa、kb、kc、kdAnd keFor the fitting coefficient to be optimized,
Figure BDA0003180690810000032
for combined optimized motor equivalent fuel consumption, [ P ]b(t)]In order for the current motor to consume power,
Figure BDA0003180690810000033
for actual fuel consumption, SOC, of the engineL、SOCHRespectively the upper and lower limits of the battery SOC maintaining range, SOC (t) is the battery electric quantity value at the time t, CmaxIs JminGA_NLPQLMaximum estimated value of, DevsocAs an intermediate variable, Devsoc＝Soc-0.5(SOCL+SOCH) And Soc is the battery charge value.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: and optimizing the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions by using a combination of a multi-island genetic algorithm and a sequence quadratic programming algorithm, and then carrying out K-means clustering analysis on the typical working condition data to obtain the final clustering center.
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: the optimal allocation of power comprises initializing the fitting coefficient k to be optimizeda、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisThen, calculating an optimal distribution mode of the required power under the current fitting coefficient to be optimized; for the random working condition, calculating the oil consumption Qfuel _ ecms of the whole vehicle at the moment, namely the actual oil consumption of the engine
Figure BDA0003180690810000034
Equivalent oil consumption of electric quantity consumed by motor
Figure BDA0003180690810000035
Sum of (2)
Figure BDA0003180690810000036
And judging the fitness function Fitecms(x)If it is minimum, if Fitecms(x)If minimum, the procedure is terminated, otherwise Fit is selected to be enabledecms(x)Copying chromosomes close to 0, generating new populations through crossing and variation, and obtaining a new fitting coefficient k after codinga、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisRepeating the procedure until obtaining a fitting coefficient k corresponding to the minimum oil consumptiona、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdis。
As a preferable scheme of the energy management method based on the working condition identification, the method comprises the following steps: the automobile parameters comprise the total mass of the whole automobile, the service mass of the whole automobile, the windward area, the wind resistance coefficient, the rolling radius of the dynamic tire, the main reduction ratio, the wheel base, the peak power of the engine, the peak torque of the engine, the maximum rotating speed of the engine, the peak power of the motor, the peak torque of the motor, the maximum rotating speed of the motor, the voltage of a battery and the maximum current of the battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize the identification of the characteristic parameters of the working conditions, better combine different working conditions with the control strategy and realize the best economy of the whole vehicle under the constraint of the SOC of the battery; in addition, the method adopts the combined optimization algorithm, does not need to compile the optimization algorithm manually, not only avoids the complexity and the error of manually compiling the optimization algorithm, but also gives full play to the advantages of different optimization algorithms, overcomes the defect of a single local or global optimization algorithm, greatly shortens the optimization period of vehicle and control strategy parameters, improves the working efficiency, and has important scientific significance and practical value for the development of the automobile technology.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for energy management based on condition identification according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a combined optimization model for an energy management method based on condition identification to optimize charge and discharge coefficients according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a random operating condition of a second embodiment of the energy management method based on operating condition identification according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a condition recognition based energy management method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparative diagram illustrating SOC variation of a second embodiment of the energy management method based on condition identification according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein the cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of the device are not enlarged partially in general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second, or third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected and connected" in the present invention are to be understood broadly, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example: can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; they may be mechanically, electrically, or directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides an energy management method based on operating condition identification, including:
s1: classifying the working conditions of the four typical working conditions by using a K-means clustering algorithm, and calculating the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions;
it should be noted that the four typical operating conditions include NYCC (congestion operating condition), UDDS (urban operating condition), CYC _ WVUSUB (suburban operating condition), and HWFET (highway operating condition).
Starting from a certain moment in the driving process of the vehicle, reaching the next moment after t seconds, taking the motion process between the two moments as a data unit, and calling the kinematic segment as a working condition segment; the classification of the working conditions is to summarize the past t in real timepThe change rule of vehicle speed in second (identification period) to predict the future tqThe driving trend of the second (prediction period) changes, the recognition period is 450s, the prediction period is 3s, and when the recognition period is 450s, the driving condition of one section 1800s can be divided into 4 condition sections.
The effect of the operating mode characteristic parameter of traveling is used for carrying out the operating mode discernment, and operating mode characteristic parameter has about 60 more at present, and this embodiment divides operating mode data into the operating mode section according to 450 s' interval, extracts 8 kinds of operating mode characteristic parameters that are commonly used from the operating mode section of dividing: average velocity VmeanMaximum vehicle speed VmaxAverage acceleration ameanaIdle time ratio ridelCruise time ratio rdriveMaximum acceleration amaxMinimum acceleration aminAnd, a driving distance s.
(1) Selecting characteristic parameters of the running condition:
and selecting the characteristic parameters of the running condition by analyzing the correlation between the characteristic parameters and the oil consumption of the traditional automobile and the oil consumption of the hybrid electric automobile respectively and the sensitivity of the characteristic parameters changing along with the working condition.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: analyzing the capability of each driving condition characteristic parameter for representing the driving condition through the correlation among the driving condition characteristic parameters, wherein the characteristic parameters with the correlation coefficient of more than 0.7 can be mutually replaced;
analyzing the correlation between the characteristic parameters of the driving conditions and the oil consumption of the traditional automobile and the oil consumption of the hybrid power automobile, judging the influence of the characteristic parameters of the driving conditions on the fuel economy, and determining that the characteristic parameters are related to the fuel economy of the automobile when the correlation coefficient is more than 0.3;
calculating the coefficient of variation degree and coefficient of variation rate of each characteristic parameter; the two coefficients are above 0.3 and are considered to meet the requirements;
the sensitivity of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition is determined by R1 and R2, wherein R1 reflects the amplitude (changing degree coefficient) of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition, and R2 reflects the speed (changing rate coefficient) of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition;
Figure BDA0003180690810000061
Figure BDA0003180690810000062
wherein x istIs the value of the t-th sample in the database with the sample capacity of n; f. of0.98And f0.02Is the variable value when the function value of the cumulative distribution of a certain variable is respectively 0.98 and 0.02.
Wherein, it should be noted that f is selected0.98And f0.02In order to eliminate the influence of some singularities in a sample on a test result and improve the accuracy of the test, an accumulated distribution function is the integral of a probability density function and is used for completely describing the probability distribution of a real random variable, and the accumulated distribution function is as follows:
F(x)＝P(X≤x)#(3)
where X is a random variable and P (X < ═ X) is the probability that the random variable X is less than or equal to a certain number X.
Through the third step of finally selecting the average speed VmeanAnd cruise time ratio rdriveAs representative characteristic parameters.
(2) The specific steps of classifying the working conditions by using the K-means clustering algorithm are as follows:
extracting characteristic parameters of random working conditions in an identification period before the current moment for the random working conditions;
and secondly, taking the extracted characteristic parameters as an array, calculating Euclidean distances between the array and each cluster center, wherein the cluster center closest to the array is the cluster to which the array belongs, and the working condition to which the current moment belongs is the working condition type represented by the cluster.
(3) Calculating the clustering centers of four typical working conditions:
k mean value clustering is also called fast clustering, and K classes and initial clustering centers are selected firstly; then calculating the minimum distance between each sample and the clustering center, and distributing each sample to the clustering center closest to the sample; then continuously calculating the clustering center and adjusting the category of each sample to ensure that the cluster has higher similarity and the similarity between clusters is lower; the specific process is as follows:
selecting k samples as initial clustering centers (z1, z2, … and zk) according to a certain principle aiming at n samples;
secondly, allocating any sample xi to the nearest cluster center by applying Euclidean distance;
euclidean distance is the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences between all n variable values of two samples, i.e.
Figure BDA0003180690810000071
Wherein x isiIs the variable value of the ith variable of sample x; y isiIs the variable value of the ith variable of the sample y.
S2: establishing an equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy according to automobile parameters;
(1) objective function for optimizing equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy
It should be noted that the minimum control strategy for equivalent fuel consumption is one of the instant optimization energy management strategies, that is, the actual fuel consumption of the engine is made at each time t
Figure BDA0003180690810000072
Equivalent oil consumption of electric quantity consumed by motor
Figure BDA0003180690810000073
Sum of (2)
Figure BDA0003180690810000074
At the minimum, the temperature of the mixture is controlled,
Figure BDA0003180690810000075
the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003180690810000076
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003180690810000077
is the total equivalent fuel consumption rate;
Figure BDA0003180690810000078
is the actual fuel consumption rate of the engine;
Figure BDA0003180690810000079
the equivalent fuel consumption rate of the motor;
Figure BDA0003180690810000081
can be obtained by interpolation of the steady-state model of the engine,
Figure BDA0003180690810000082
the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003180690810000083
wherein k is 0.5{1+ sign [ p ]m(t)]}，pm(t) is the power of the motor at the current moment; rlhvIs a gasoline quality thermal value constant; lambda [ alpha ]equThe expression is equivalent fuel coefficient:
Figure BDA0003180690810000084
wherein λ ischar、λdisEquivalent fuel coefficient, η, of the motor during charging and discharging of the battery, respectivelychar、ηdisAverage efficiency of motor during charging and discharging of battery under current driving environmentRate, etae、ηmThe average efficiency of the engine and the electric machine, respectively, in the current driving environment.
Because the SOC balance of the battery cannot be effectively maintained by a pure equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy, a penalty function f is requiredsocThe SOC penalty function adopted in the embodiment is an S-shaped function formed by fitting a curve for 3 times and a curve for 4 times, the curve shape can be adjusted by modifying fitting coefficients a, b and c, and the penalty function fsocThe expression is as follows:
Devsoc＝Soc-0.5(SOCL+SOCH)
fsoc＝a+b(Devsoc)3+c(Devsoc)4
therein, SOCL、SOCHUpper and lower limits of battery SOC maintaining range, DevsocAs an intermediate variable, Devsoc＝Soc-0.5(SOCL+SOCH) Soc is the battery charge value, so the equivalent fuel factor lambdaequRewritable as follows:
λ′equ＝fsoc*λequ
the minimum control strategy for equivalent fuel consumption established by the embodiment is to make the actual fuel consumption of the engine for each moment t
Figure BDA0003180690810000085
Equivalent oil consumption of electric quantity consumed by motor
Figure BDA0003180690810000086
Sum of (2)
Figure BDA0003180690810000087
Minimal solution, due to the charge-discharge coefficient as a variable in genetic optimization, requires equivalent fuel consumption
Figure BDA0003180690810000088
Performing corresponding adjustment to obtain the equivalent oil consumption
Figure BDA0003180690810000089
The expression is as follows:
Figure BDA00031806908100000810
Figure BDA0003180690810000091
wherein λ ischar_GA_NLPQL、λdis_GA_NLPQLThe equivalent fuel coefficients of the motor when the battery is charged and discharged respectively,
Figure BDA0003180690810000092
the maximum value and the minimum value of the motor efficiency when the battery is charged and discharged in the current driving environment are respectively,
Figure BDA0003180690810000093
respectively, the maximum and minimum values of the engine and motor efficiencies in the current driving environment.
Will penalty function fsocTreated as one with DevsocConstructing new penalty function for quartic function of independent variable
Figure BDA0003180690810000094
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003180690810000095
wherein k isa、kb、kc、kdAnd keFor the fitting coefficient to be optimized, thus the equivalent fuel coefficient
Figure BDA0003180690810000096
Rewritable as follows:
Figure BDA0003180690810000097
therefore, the objective function and the constraint condition of the equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0003180690810000098
SOCL≤SOC(t)≤SOCH
defining a fitness function Fit based on an objective functionecms(x)：
Figure BDA0003180690810000099
Wherein k isa、kb、kc、kdAnd keFor the fitting coefficient to be optimized,
Figure BDA00031806908100000910
for combined optimized motor equivalent fuel consumption, [ P ]b(t)]In order for the current motor to consume power,
Figure BDA00031806908100000911
for the actual fuel consumption of the engine, SOC (t) is the battery charge value at time t, CmaxIs JminGA_NLPQLIs calculated.
S3: combining a multi-island genetic algorithm and a sequence quadratic programming algorithm, and constructing a combined optimization model by using a Task component in Isight software;
a Task component in Isight software is utilized, two optimization modules are selected, a global optimization MIGA (multiple island genetic algorithm) is selected at first, a local optimization algorithm NLPQL (sequential quadratic programming algorithm) is selected to construct a combined optimization model, and a k-means clustering center and a parameter variable in a minimum fuel strategy are integrated and optimized.
S4: carrying out integrated optimization on variables of the equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy and the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions by using a combined optimization model to obtain a final clustering center and corresponding optimal equivalent fuel coefficients under the four typical working conditions;
optimizing the clustering center in the step S1 by using a combined optimization model, and then carrying out K-means clustering analysis on the typical working condition data to obtain a final clustering center; the typical operating condition data is divided into 4 clusters, which can be expressed as: congestion working conditions, urban working conditions, suburban working conditions and highway working conditions.
Different penalty functions will influence the charge-discharge coefficient lambdachar、λdisThereby affecting the effect of the capacity management strategy; penalty function fsocThe expression is constructed according to the characteristics of the expression and by depending on experience, and has strong subjectivity; however, for random working conditions, a theoretical optimal penalty function exists, so that the penalty function f needs to be determined accurately and reasonablysoc(ii) a While equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisIs obtained by a fixed step length exhaustive method, and if the selected step length is unreasonable, the actual optimal lambda can be missedchar、λdisThe possibility of (a); therefore, the embodiment combines the optimization models to make the penalty function fsocAnd λchar、λdisCarrying out optimization solution to realize the construction of an optimal penalty function fsocAnd avoid lambdachar、λdisMissing the optimal solution.
The specific solving process is as follows:
initializing the fitting coefficient k to be optimizeda、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisThen, calculating an optimal distribution mode of the required power under the current fitting coefficient to be optimized;
for the random working condition, calculating the oil consumption Qfuel _ ecms of the whole vehicle at the moment, and calculating the oil consumption Qfuel _ ecms of the whole vehicle at the moment, namely the actual oil consumption of the engine
Figure BDA0003180690810000101
Equivalent oil consumption of electric quantity consumed by motor
Figure BDA0003180690810000102
Sum of (2)
Figure BDA0003180690810000103
And judging the fitness function Fitecms(x)If it is minimum, if Fitecms(x)If minimum, the procedure is terminated, otherwise Fit is selected to be enabledecms(x)Copying chromosomes close to 0, generating new populations through crossing and variation, and obtaining a new fitting coefficient k after codinga、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisRepeating the procedure until obtaining the fitting coefficient k corresponding to the minimum oil consumptiona、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdis。
Preferably, in the embodiment, aiming at the main defects of the K-means clustering algorithm, the optimal initial clustering center is searched by using the global searchability of the combined optimization model, and then the optimized K-means clustering algorithm is operated, so that the stability of the algorithm is improved, and a better clustering effect is obtained.
Further, a random section of characteristic parameters of the running condition are extracted, the working condition is identified, and the optimal power distribution is carried out according to the type of the current typical working condition and the optimal equivalent fuel coefficient, so that the aim of improving the fuel economy of the hybrid electric vehicle is fulfilled.
Example 2
In order to verify and explain the technical effects adopted in the method, the embodiment selects a traditional energy management strategy (without adopting working condition identification) and the method, and respectively simulates the oil consumption and the battery power of the vehicle so as to verify the real effects of the method.
And (3) testing environment: integration of the isight model: integrating a whole vehicle model, a control strategy model and an optimization algorithm, adding control strategy parameters to be optimized, operating the established hybrid whole vehicle model and the control strategy, carrying out simulation calculation, and calculating the oil consumption and the power consumption of the whole vehicle;
the vehicle needs to simulate a random working condition given randomly, and oil consumption and battery power are obtained through simulation by adopting a traditional energy management strategy (working condition identification is not adopted).
The method adopts a random working condition, integrates an automobile model and a whole automobile control strategy model into an idle simulation platform, utilizes a combined optimization model, can quickly find an optimal solution, and finally compares the hundred kilometer oil consumption of two different strategies and the balance of battery electric quantity, wherein the results are respectively shown in table 1 and fig. 5.
Table 1: and (5) oil consumption simulation results.
Variables of Traditional energy management strategy Method for producing a composite material
Oil consumption (1/100km) 11.19 9.91
Distance traveled (m) 20175 20511
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 5, compared with the conventional energy management strategy, the method can better maintain the electric quantity of the battery, greatly shorten the parameter optimization period of the control strategy, and improve the working efficiency;
referring to fig. 4, for a given random working condition (fig. 3), the method can accurately classify the working condition; the cushion is used for reducing the oil consumption of the whole vehicle.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An energy management method based on working condition identification is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
classifying the working conditions of the four typical working conditions by using a K-means clustering algorithm, and calculating the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions;
establishing an equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy according to automobile parameters;
combining a multi-island genetic algorithm and a sequence quadratic programming algorithm, and constructing a combined optimization model by using a Task component in Isight software;
performing integrated optimization on the variables of the minimum control strategy of equivalent fuel consumption and the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions by using the combined optimization model to obtain a final clustering center and corresponding optimal equivalent fuel coefficients under the four typical working conditions;
and extracting a random section of characteristic parameters of the running condition, classifying the working condition, and optimally distributing power according to the type of the current typical working condition and the optimal equivalent fuel coefficient.
2. The method for energy management based on condition identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: the four typical operating conditions include crowded operating conditions, urban operating conditions, suburban operating conditions and highway operating conditions.
3. The method for energy management based on condition identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: the classification of the operating conditions includes that,
extracting characteristic parameters of the random working conditions in the identification period before the current moment for the random working conditions;
and taking the extracted characteristic parameters as an array, calculating Euclidean distances between the array and each cluster center, wherein the cluster center closest to the array is the cluster to which the array belongs, and the working condition to which the current moment belongs is the working condition type represented by the cluster.
4. The energy management method based on condition identification according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: selecting characteristic parameters of the running conditions;
and selecting the driving condition characteristic parameters by analyzing the correlation among the characteristic parameters and the oil consumption of the traditional automobile and the oil consumption of the hybrid electric automobile respectively and the sensitivity of the characteristic parameters changing along with the working condition.
5. The method for energy management based on condition identification according to claim 4, wherein: the sensitivity of the characteristic parameter to changes in the operating conditions includes,
the sensitivity of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition is determined by R1 and R2, wherein R1 reflects the amplitude of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition, and R2 reflects the speed of the characteristic parameter changing along with the working condition;
Figure FDA0003180690800000011
Figure FDA0003180690800000021
wherein x istIs the value of the t-th sample in the database with the sample capacity of n; f. of0.98And f0.02Is the variable value when the function value of the cumulative distribution of a certain variable is respectively 0.98 and 0.02.
6. The method for condition-identification-based energy management according to claim 5, wherein: the establishing of the equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy comprises,
establishing a penalty function fsocGA _ NLPQL, control fluctuation range of battery SOC:
Figure FDA0003180690800000022
establishing an objective function optimized by an equivalent fuel minimum energy management strategy
Figure FDA0003180690800000023
Constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure FDA0003180690800000024
SOCL≤SOC(t)≤SOCH
defining a fitness function Fit based on the objective functionecms(x)：
Figure FDA0003180690800000025
Wherein k isa、kb、kc、kdAnd keFor the fitting coefficient to be optimized,
Figure FDA0003180690800000026
for combined optimized motor equivalent fuel consumption, [ P ]b(t)]In order for the current motor to consume power,
Figure FDA0003180690800000027
for actual fuel consumption, SOC, of the engineL、SOCHRespectively the upper and lower limits of the battery SOC maintaining range, SOC (t) is the battery electric quantity value at the time t, CmaxIs JminGA_NLPQLMaximum estimated value of, DevsocAs an intermediate variable, Devsoc＝Soc-0.5(SOCL+SOCH) And Soc is the battery charge value.
7. The energy management method based on condition identification according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the combined optimization model comprises a plurality of combined optimization models,
and optimizing the clustering centers of the four typical working conditions by using a combination of a multi-island genetic algorithm and a sequence quadratic programming algorithm, and then carrying out K-means clustering analysis on the typical working condition data to obtain the final clustering center.
8. The method for condition-identification-based energy management according to claim 7, wherein: the optimal allocation of the power comprises that,
initializing the fitting coefficient k to be optimizeda、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisThen, calculating an optimal distribution mode of the required power under the current fitting coefficient to be optimized;
for the random working condition, calculating the oil consumption Qfuel _ ecms of the whole vehicle at the moment, namely the actual oil consumption of the engine
Figure FDA0003180690800000031
Equivalent oil consumption of electric quantity consumed by motor
Figure FDA0003180690800000032
Sum of (2)
Figure FDA0003180690800000033
And judging the fitness function Fitecms(x)If it is minimum, if Fitecms(x)If minimum, the procedure is terminated, otherwise Fit is selected to be enabledecms(x)Copying chromosomes close to 0, generating new populations through crossing and variation, and obtaining a new fitting coefficient k after codinga、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdisRepeating the procedure until obtaining a fitting coefficient k corresponding to the minimum oil consumptiona、kb、kc、kd、keAnd equivalent fuel coefficient lambdachar、λdis。
9. The method for energy management based on condition identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automobile parameters comprise the total mass of the whole automobile, the service mass of the whole automobile, the windward area, the wind resistance coefficient, the rolling radius of the dynamic tire, the main reduction ratio, the wheel base, the peak power of the engine, the peak torque of the engine, the maximum rotating speed of the engine, the peak power of the motor, the peak torque of the motor, the maximum rotating speed of the motor, the voltage of a battery and the maximum current of the battery.
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