CN113552495A - Online detection method and device for leakage of storage battery of power supply system - Google Patents
Online detection method and device for leakage of storage battery of power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113552495A CN113552495A CN202110852157.7A CN202110852157A CN113552495A CN 113552495 A CN113552495 A CN 113552495A CN 202110852157 A CN202110852157 A CN 202110852157A CN 113552495 A CN113552495 A CN 113552495A
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Abstract
A method and a device for online detection of leakage of a storage battery of a power supply system are provided, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out polling collection on state data of the battery, then processing the collected summarized data to realize online detection of the leakage of the battery of a storage battery pack, and judging the position of the leakage battery according to the data which is patrolled, wherein the collection of state parameters refers to the collected voltage of the battery and the leakage current of the battery, and the leakage current of the battery refers to the leakage current of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery pack to the ground. The device comprises an interface display unit, a single battery voltage acquisition module, a battery current sampling module, a control module output unit and a discharge load control output module, wherein the single battery voltage acquisition module and the battery current sampling module are connected with a battery, the control module output unit is connected with an electric power supply module of a charger, the discharge load control output module is connected with a discharge load, and the battery current sampling module detects the leakage current between the positive pole and the negative pole of a battery pack to the ground.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to an online detection method and device for leakage of a storage battery of a power supply system.
Background
The storage battery is an important component of a direct current power supply system in a power supply system, is used as a direct current power supply, and is mainly used for providing safe, stable and reliable power guarantee for secondary system loads in the power system and ensuring the normal operation of relay protection and communication equipment. Therefore, the stability of the battery and the actual capacity that can be supplied to the load during discharge are of great importance to ensure safe operation of the electrical equipment.
When the alternating current is lost or the AC/DC module is abnormal, the storage battery pack can better provide required power for a control loop, a signal loop, a protection loop and an automatic device loop, and the normal work of the direct current power system is ensured. At present, technical standards, operation rules, maintenance standards, technical rules and the like related to a direct current power supply system are matured day by day, but in actual power transformation operation, a plurality of insulation problems still cause accidents. In addition, the storage battery is usually used in the form of a battery pack, and the number of batteries of each storage battery of the power supply system is very large, wherein only one battery of dozens or even dozens of batteries connected in series is damaged too early, if the battery is not found in time, other batteries are scrapped, and battery electrolyte leakage is a common fault, and quick positioning of the battery electrolyte leakage is an essential requirement for field replacement and maintenance. The prior art is generally a separate sensor such as that disclosed in application No. CN97105580.7 entitled "battery leakage sensing system". The defects of high cost and complex implementation method exist, so how to utilize general equipment to detect the battery pack is a more economical choice.
The invention aims to detect whether the insulation of a storage battery pack is reduced or the storage battery pack is grounded and accurately position a grounding node. The inventor develops an online detection method for the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system by utilizing the equipment which is developed by the inventor and is convenient to install and can detect the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system online without arranging special equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an online detection method for battery leakage of a storage battery in a power supply system, which can detect battery leakage of a single battery in the storage battery in the power supply system. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting insulation abnormality of a storage battery, which can accurately determine whether the storage battery has insulation abnormality or grounding condition, and accurately locate an insulation grounding node of the storage battery.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses an online detection method for battery leakage of a storage battery pack of a power supply system, which comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting battery voltage and sensor signals, and then processing data to realize the online detection of the battery leakage of the storage battery pack, wherein the method is to collect the battery voltage and the battery leakage by means of a high-precision leakage current sensor. The invention can lead the personnel maintaining the battery on site to find the single battery with leakage more conveniently.
Positioning battery leakage:
1. principle of
When the leakage of the battery is considered, the insulation at the leakage position is reduced, and the node number of the leakage is positioned by finding the point which is reduced firstly.
2. Logic method
1) Judging whether the voltage to ground of the negative electrode of the leakage battery is unbalanced, and if the leakage current exceeds the early warning value, confirming that the insulation of the battery is reduced;
2) the node number N of the electric leakage is realized by the voltage Vnegative of the negative pole of the battery to the ground
Assuming that the number of battery cells is M, wherein the Nth cell leaks electricity,
the battery monomer voltage is V1 to VM, patrols and examines through the battery and can gather:
v1+ V2.
Where Vnegative is the negative voltage to ground. Therefore, the number of the leaking battery sections can be calculated from the negative electrode.
The test system provided by the method of the invention comprises: an internal resistance test monitoring system (1), this internal resistance test monitoring system (1) mainly contains: interface display unit (15), gather battery monomer voltage module (14), sample battery current module (13), control module output unit (12) and control load output module (11) that discharges, wherein: the battery single voltage acquisition module (14) and the battery current sampling module (13) are connected with a battery, the control module output unit (12) is connected with the power supply module (2) of the charger, the control discharge load output module (11) is connected with the discharge load (3), and the battery current sampling module detects the leakage current between the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery pack to the ground. Therefore, the internal resistance testing and monitoring system (1) forms the device which is convenient to install and can quickly detect the internal resistance of the battery on line.
Further, the better scheme is that the leakage detection method is that the positive line HM + and the negative line HM-charged by the storage battery simultaneously pass through a leakage current sensor (31), when the storage battery pack has leakage, the current I-I + of the positive line HM + and the negative line HM-can generate difference, the leakage current sensor measures the direction and the amplitude of the leakage current, the measured leakage current is analog quantity, and the analog quantity is analyzed into digital quantity through an AD sampling circuit to obtain the accurate leakage current value.
It can adopt the following detection steps:
(1) setting the number of battery sections on the MCU: number;
(2) sampling the total battery voltage at the MCU: a voltage;
(3) the battery leakage current is sampled by the MCU: a leakagecurrent;
(4) when the MCU measures the value of a leakage current sensor, judging that the storage battery pack is abnormal in insulation, and giving an alarm by the MCU;
(5) and recording the negative voltage to ground of the bus at the moment: VF [0], battery leakage current value: LEAKAGECURRENT [0 ];
(6) a closed bus negative earth unbalanced resistor;
(7) after the state is stabilized, the negative voltage to ground of the bus at the moment is recorded: VF [1], battery leakage current value: LEAKAGECURRENT [1 ];
(8) and (4) calculating.
Preferably, the calculation method comprises:
setting an insulation resistor as RX and an insulation node of the storage battery as an adder;
(leakagecurrent[0]*RX)-(voltage/number)*addr＝VF[0]
(leakagecurrent[1]*RX)-(voltage/number)*addr＝VF[1]
solving the last equation to obtain:
addr＝(number*(leakagecurrent[0]*VF[1]-leakagecurrent[1]*VF[0]))/((leakagecurrent[1]-leakagecurrent[0])*voltage)
addr is the insulation abnormity of the second storage battery.
Further, a better scheme is that the internal resistance testing and monitoring system (1) and the bottom layer module can be connected by adopting a communication interface RS485, the bottom layer module can be but is not limited to a power supply module and a battery inspection module of a charger, and the battery inspection module can be used for independently detecting parameters of each battery.
Preferably, the interface display unit (15) can respectively display the cell voltage, the leakage current, the internal resistance and other required parameters of the battery to be tested.
The system comprises: the module comprises a control bus, a combined bus, a balance resistor, a detection resistor of the control bus, a leakage sensor of the battery and a battery leakage current AD acquisition circuit.
The invention has the advantages that by means of the scheme of the invention, the online detection of the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system can be realized under the condition of not arranging special equipment, and the device can realize the online monitoring of the position of the leakage battery monomer in the power supply system without increasing the cost, thereby realizing the purpose of simplifying the wiring of the direct current screen. The method for detecting the insulation abnormity of the storage battery can accurately judge whether the storage battery has the insulation abnormity or grounding condition, and accurately position the insulation grounding node of the storage battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line detection system for leakage of a single storage battery pack adopted by the method for detecting leakage of a storage battery of a power supply system in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an easy-to-install device for rapidly detecting battery leakage on line according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrical leakage sensor used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic diagram of a simulation circuit;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of a simulation circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a detection resistor circuit of a control bus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a leakage current sensor in accordance with one embodiment of the battery of the present invention;
wherein:
1 internal resistance test monitoring system
11 control discharge load output module
12 control module output unit
13 sampling battery current module
14 gather battery monomer voltage module
15 interface display unit
2 electric power supply module
3 discharge load
4 batteries.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses an online detection method for battery leakage of a storage battery of a power supply system, which has the core conception that the insulation value of any battery in a battery pack is reduced when leakage occurs, so that the node number of the leakage can be positioned by finding the point position which is reduced firstly, state data are collected for the battery firstly, and then the collected data are processed, so that online detection of the battery leakage of the storage battery pack can be realized, wherein the collection of the state parameters refers to collection of battery voltage and leakage current of the battery. The method can enable field maintenance battery personnel to find the leaked battery monomer more quickly.
Please refer to fig. 1 and 2, which are schematic system structural diagrams of an embodiment of the method for online detection of leakage of a storage battery in a power supply system according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a power supply monitoring system developed by the inventor is used, and is first constructed into a test system as shown in fig. 1.
The method has the following implementation logic:
1. monitoring whether the voltage to ground of the negative electrode of the battery with the battery leakage is unbalanced, and if the leakage current exceeds an early warning value, confirming that the insulation of the battery is reduced;
2. number of nodes N by detecting voltage V negative pole leakage of battery negative pole to ground
Assuming that the number of battery cells is 108, it is the Nth leakage,
can acquire the voltage from the battery inspection of the battery cells from V1 to V108
V1+ V2.
Where Vnegative is the negative voltage to ground. Therefore, the number of the nodes where the leaked batteries are located can be calculated from the negative electrode.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention is an application apparatus formed by matching the device for rapidly detecting the internal resistance of the battery on line, which is convenient to install, with each bottom layer module. The bottom layer module mainly comprises a battery inspection module which can detect the data of a single battery.
The monitoring module of the system adopts a direct current power supply monitoring device for electric power, which can quickly detect the leakage of the battery on line, and the circuit principle of the monitoring device is shown in figure 6, and the monitoring device comprises modules such as a control bus, a combined bus, a balance resistor, a detection resistor of the control bus, a leakage sensor of the battery, a battery leakage current AD acquisition circuit and the like.
The AC30F is a photo-MOS relay, and has excellent input and output voltage isolation characteristics and anti-interference performance.
The balance resistance is composed of 6 metal film resistors of 10K 2W. The unbalanced resistance consists of 10 30K 1206 chip resistors. (considering voltage drop, power consumption)
The battery leakage current sensor is a leakage current sensor for detecting +/-10 mA and outputting +/-5V.
The AD sampling circuit is composed of a classic differential amplification circuit and a follower.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a module structure of an on-line rapid battery internal resistance detection device convenient to install, which is used in the method for detecting leakage of a storage battery of a power supply system. It mainly contains an internal resistance test monitoring system 1, and this internal resistance test monitoring system 1 mainly contains: the system comprises an interface display unit 15 (capable of displaying single voltage and internal resistance), a single battery voltage acquisition module 14, a battery current sampling module 13, a control module output unit 12 and a discharge load control output module 11. The on-line rapid battery internal resistance detection device which is formed by the internal resistance test monitoring system 1 and is convenient to install can rapidly realize on-line battery internal resistance test by the wiring terminal, and the device is convenient to wire.
The internal resistance testing and monitoring system 1 can detect the internal resistance of the battery 4 by matching with the power supply module 2 and the discharging load 3, wherein the control module output unit 12 can be connected with the power supply module 2, the battery monomer voltage acquisition module 14 and the battery current sampling module 13 are connected with the battery 4, and the discharging load control output module 11 can be connected with the discharging load 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the leakage current sensor according to the present invention, and the leakage current sensor can accurately measure the leakage current direction and the leakage current amplitude.
As shown in FIG. 3, the positive and negative wires (HM +, HM-) for charging the battery pass through the leakage current sensor 31 at the same time, and when the battery pack has electric leakage (insulation reduction or grounding), the current I of the positive and negative wires (HM +, HM-) is generated-、I+The difference can be generated, and the leakage current direction and the leakage current amplitude can be accurately measured by the leakage current sensor. The measured leakage current is analog quantity, and is transmitted to the MCU through the AD sampling circuit to be analyzed into digital quantity, so that the leakage current value can be accurately obtained. At this time, the MCU alarms that the storage battery pack is abnormal in insulation.
And after the MCU knows that the storage battery pack is abnormal in insulation, the voltage value of the control bus negative voltage to ground and the current leakage value at the moment can be recorded, then the negative switch of the unbalanced bridge is closed, and after the state is stable, the voltage value of the control bus negative voltage to ground and the current leakage value at the moment are recorded. And calculating through a quadratic equation to obtain the leakage node of the storage battery.
For this work, the inventors have created a simulation circuit in which the battery pack is made up of 18 12V cells each at 12V.
Three voltmeters measure respectively: bus voltage, bus negative to ground voltage, bus positive to ground voltage. And (3) ammeter measurement: and (6) battery leakage current.
The analog insulation resistance is 100K (the national standard requires 0-100K).
As shown in fig. 4, the simulation circuit diagram represents: in the case of a balanced bridge resistance, the first cell develops an insulating abnormal state.
As shown in fig. 5, the simulation circuit diagram two represents: under the conditions of the balanced bridge resistance and the negative earth unbalanced bridge resistance, the first battery has an insulation abnormal state.
The concrete implementation steps are briefly described as follows:
the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out periodic battery pack discharge control, then collecting single voltage and current signals, and carrying out data processing to realize the on-line detection of the single internal resistance of the storage battery pack, wherein the method is to carry out periodic battery discharge by controlling the output voltage of a charging module. The discharge control of the storage battery pack does not need an additional device, and the capacity and the performance of the storage battery pack are not influenced; different from other measurement methods, the measurement method only measures the storage battery pack in a static state, and the measurement result reflects the monomer internal resistance condition of each battery of the storage battery pack, so that the method has more guiding significance on the loading capacity of the storage battery pack.
The invention relates to a device for rapidly detecting the internal resistance of a battery on line, which is convenient to install, and is connected with a bottom layer module (comprising a power supply module of a charger and a battery inspection module) by adopting a communication interface RS 485.
In the application of the embodiment, the measurement of the internal resistance of the battery is realized by adopting the following steps:
1. discharge control
In the present specific implementation, a measuring device is configured according to the schematic diagram shown in fig. 2, and the positions of battery voltage and battery current marked in fig. 2 are correspondingly connected with the circuit modules or units for measuring voltage and current corresponding to the device for quickly detecting the internal resistance of the battery on line, which is convenient to install.
Then, the device for rapidly detecting the internal resistance of the battery on line, which is convenient to install, can realize the periodic discharge control by utilizing a charger with adjustable output voltage and a load (or an external discharge load) in a universal power supply system, and the whole equivalent circuit structure of the device is shown in fig. 2.
Gather monomer voltage and current signal circuit module, concrete working method does: during the normal operation of the power supply system, the circuit module measures the voltage and the current at two ends of each storage battery, and takes the single voltage and the single current at 2 different stages as the quantity to be detected to obtain the sequence V1 and V2 of the voltage and the sequence I1 and I2 of the current of each storage battery.
The processing of the data is carried out in such a way that,
in the embodiment, the tested object is an 18-section 12V100AH valve-regulated sealed maintenance-free lead-acid battery pack. The monitoring host (on-line rapid detection equipment for the internal resistance of the battery) is THJK005G-ZL-NZ12V and is provided with a 4.3-inch color touch screen, and the monitoring host is provided with a battery inspection module for detecting the voltage of a single battery and detecting 1 group of 108 batteries.
The following integrated data acquisition functional modules can be configured:
the battery inspection module: DCXJ-19 detects the voltage of 19 batteries and the temperature of 1 path;
the battery inspection module: DCXJ-55 detects 55 battery voltages and 2-way temperature;
branch monitoring module: ZLJC-64 detects 64 paths of switching value input;
double power supply controller: SDYKZQ can control 2-way AC contactor and can collect 2 groups of AC voltage.
The general power supply system comprises a charging module 110V/220V series AC/DC conversion or DC/DC conversion.
The software implementation flow in this embodiment is as follows:
1. the number of battery cells-number-needs to be set on the MCU.
2. The MCU is required to sample the total battery voltage, voltage.
3. The MCU is required to sample the battery leakage current, leakagecurrent.
4. And when the storage battery pack is in insulation abnormity, the MCU measures the value of the leakage current sensor, and the MCU gives an alarm.
5. And recording the negative voltage-VF 0 and the leakage current 0 of the battery.
6. And closing the negative-to-ground unbalanced resistance of the bus.
7. After the state is stable, the negative voltage to earth (VF 1) and the leakage current (LEAKAGECURRENT 1) of the bus are recorded.
8. And (4) calculating.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a high-precision leakage current sensor is selected to accurately collect the leakage current of the positive and negative poles of the battery pack to the earth.
The software code adopted by the method is as follows:
and setting the insulation resistance as RX and the insulation node of the storage battery as an adder.
①(leakagecurrent[0]*RX)-(voltage/number)*addr＝VF[0]
②(leakagecurrent[1]*RX)-(voltage/number)*addr＝VF[1]
Solving the last equation to obtain:
addr＝(number*(leakagecurrent[0]*VF[1]-leakagecurrent[1]*VF[0]))/((leakagecurrent[1]-leakagecurrent[0])*voltage)
addr is the insulation abnormity of the second storage battery.
Program code for:
in summary, the online detection method for battery leakage of the storage battery in the power supply system is a design idea for detecting insulation reduction or grounding of the storage battery, and can realize the alarm of abnormal insulation of the storage battery and the positioning of a grounded storage battery node. The hardware circuit of the invention is based on a balanced bridge resistor and an unbalanced bridge resistor circuit, wherein the balanced bridge resistor is 30K, and the unbalanced resistor is 150K. The battery leakage current sensor can detect +/-10 mA leakage current. This function detects the range of battery insulation resistance: 0 to 100K.
By adopting the on-line rapid detection equipment for the internal resistance of the battery, which is convenient to install, no additional device is needed for controlling the charge and discharge of the storage battery when in use, and no additional influence is caused on the capacity and the performance of the storage battery; different from other measurement methods, the measurement method only measures the storage battery pack in a static state, and the measurement result of the invention reflects the comprehensive condition of the internal resistance reflected by the single battery of the storage battery pack in the operation, so the method has more guiding significance on the loading capacity of the battery.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An on-line detection method for leakage of storage battery in power supply system is characterized by that firstly, the state data of battery is patrolled and collected, then the collected and collected data is processed to implement on-line detection of leakage of battery in storage battery set, and the position of leakage battery is judged according to the patrolled data,
the collection of the state parameters refers to the collected battery voltage and the leakage current of the battery, and the leakage current of the battery refers to the leakage current of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack to the ground.
2. The method for detecting the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system in the on-line manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following processing steps:
1) judging whether the voltage to ground of the negative electrode of the leakage battery is unbalanced according to the data processing result, and confirming that the insulation of the battery is reduced if the leakage current exceeds an early warning value;
2) calculating the node number N of electric leakage through the voltage Vnegative of the negative pole of the battery to the ground;
assuming that the number of battery cells is M, the Nth cell leaks electricity, the cell voltage is V1 to VM,
patrol and examine through the battery and can gather:
v1+ V2.
Wherein Vnegative is the negative voltage to ground,
therefore, the number of the leaking battery sections can be calculated from the negative electrode.
3. The method for on-line detection of leakage of storage battery of power supply system according to claim 2, wherein the detection equipment adopted in the method comprises an internal resistance test monitoring system (1), and the internal resistance test monitoring system (1) mainly comprises: an interface display unit (15), a battery monomer voltage acquisition module (14), a battery current sampling module (13), a control module output unit (12) and a discharge load control output module (11),
wherein: the battery cell voltage acquisition module (14) and the battery current sampling module (13) are connected with a battery, the control module output unit (12) is connected with the power supply module (2) of the charger, and the control discharge load output module (11) is connected with the discharge load (3), so that the internal resistance test monitoring system (1) forms an online rapid battery internal resistance detection device convenient to install.
4. The online detection method for the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that the leakage detection method is to pass the positive and negative wires HM + and HM-charged in the storage battery through the leakage sensor (31) at the same time, when the storage battery pack leaks electricity, the current I-, I + of the positive and negative wires HM + and HM-will be different, the leakage sensor measures the direction and amplitude of the leakage current, the measured leakage current is an analog quantity, and the analog quantity is analyzed into a digital quantity by the AD sampling circuit to obtain an accurate leakage current value.
5. The online detection method for the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following detection steps:
(1) setting the number of battery sections on the MCU: number;
(2) sampling the total battery voltage at the MCU: a voltage;
(3) the battery leakage current is sampled by the MCU: a leakagecurrent;
(4) when the MCU measures the value of a leakage current sensor, judging that the storage battery pack is abnormal in insulation, and giving an alarm by the MCU;
(5) and recording the negative voltage to ground of the bus at the moment: VF [0], battery leakage current value:
leakagecurrent[0]；
(6) a closed bus negative earth unbalanced resistor;
(7) after the state is stabilized, the negative voltage to ground of the bus at the moment is recorded: VF [1], battery leakage current value: LEAKAGECURRENT [1 ];
(8) and (4) calculating.
6. The online detection method for the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the calculation method comprises the following steps:
setting an insulation resistor as RX and an insulation node of the storage battery as an adder;
(leakagecurrent[0]*RX)-(voltage/number)*addr＝VF[0]
(leakagecurrent[1]*RX)-(voltage/number)*addr＝VF[1]
solving the last equation to obtain:
addr＝(number*(leakagecurrent[0]*VF[1]-leakagecurrent[1]*VF[0]))/((leakagecurrent[1]-leakagecurrent[0])*voltage)
addr is the insulation abnormity of the second storage battery.
7. The on-line detection method for the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that the internal resistance test monitoring system (1) is connected with a bottom module by a communication interface RS485, the bottom module comprises a power supply module and a battery inspection module of a charger, and the interface display unit (15) can display the single voltage and the internal resistance of the battery to be detected.
8. The utility model provides an electric power supply system battery weeping on-line measuring system which characterized in that, it mainly contains: an interface display unit (15), a battery monomer voltage acquisition module (14), a battery current sampling module (13), a control module output unit (12) and a discharge load control output module (11),
wherein: the battery single voltage acquisition module (14) and the battery current sampling module (13) are connected with a battery, the control module output unit (12) is connected with the power supply module (2) of the charger, the control discharge load output module (11) is connected with the discharge load (3), and the battery current sampling module detects the leakage current between the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery pack to the ground.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the system comprises: the module comprises a control bus, a combined bus, a balance resistor, a detection resistor of the control bus, a leakage sensor of the battery and a battery leakage current AD acquisition circuit.
10. The online detection method for the leakage of the storage battery of the power supply system according to claim 9, wherein the bottom module comprises a power supply module of a charger and a battery inspection module, and the online detection system is connected with the bottom module by a communication interface RS 485.
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| CN115950608A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-04-11 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Liquid leakage detection circuit, liquid leakage detection system, liquid leakage detection method, electronic device, and storage medium |
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