CN113552087A - Rice soaking device and method based on near-infrared detection - Google Patents
Rice soaking device and method based on near-infrared detection Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001599 direct drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010238 partial least squares regression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain processing, and particularly relates to a rice soaking device and method based on near-infrared detection of moisture content. The device mainly comprises a spectrometer, a computer, a soaking screen, a hollow material hopper, a vibrator, an air injection valve, an optical fiber, a water spray valve, a heating rod and a soaking barrel; a supporting table is arranged above the soaking barrel, a soaking screen is arranged in the soaking barrel, and an annular heating rod and an oscillator are arranged at the bottom of the soaking barrel; a hollow material hopper is also arranged inside the soaking screen and is connected with the supporting table through a pulley pull rod; a discharge valve is arranged at the bottom of the hollow material hopper; the support table is provided with a spectrometer and a computer which are electrically connected; the lower surface of the supporting platform is provided with an optical fiber cover, and an optical fiber, an air injection valve and a water spray valve are arranged in the optical fiber cover; this device can realize in aseptic rice production process, to the on-line monitoring of moisture content detection in the rice after soaking, for the setting of follow-up aseptic rice cooking parameter provides key information, realizes effectively culinary art, improves the taste quality of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain processing, and particularly relates to a rice soaking device and method based on near-infrared detection of moisture content.
Background
In the industrial rice production process, the rice soaking process is very important. The soaking of the rice has great influence on the subsequent processing of the rice, such as cooking, fermentation and the like. In recent years, researches show that the type and content of starch have great relationship with the water absorption rate and expansion rate of rice in the cooking process, and the color, hardness, viscosity and the like of cooked rice. The rice is generally subjected to pre-soaking treatment before cooking, so that the water absorption efficiency of the rice is improved, water can be uniformly distributed in the rice, the starch is fully and uniformly absorbed and expanded, the gelatinization of the rice in the cooking process is facilitated, and the water content absorbed by rice soaking is very important. The existing rice soaking device is not provided with a rice moisture content detection device, and the soaking time is determined by manual experience.
For monitoring the moisture content in the soaked rice, many people use the traditional national standard method to perform off-line detection, but the traditional method has the defects of complex process, time consumption, material consumption and the like, and is not suitable for rapid detection of large-scale industrial processing of the rice. With the development of technologies such as optics, computer data processing, chemometrics and the like, the near infrared spectrum analysis technology is gradually perfected, and the near infrared spectrum analysis technology is practically applied in the fields of textile industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, paper industry and the like, and particularly shows unique advantages of the technology in the aspects of industrial field analysis, online quality monitoring and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice soaking device and method based on near-infrared detection of water content.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention firstly provides a rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of water content, which comprises a spectrometer, a computer, a soaking sieve, a hollow material hopper, an oscillator, an air injection valve, an optical fiber, a water spray valve, a heating rod and a soaking barrel;
an accommodating space with an upper opening is formed inside the soaking barrel, a supporting table is arranged above the opening of the soaking barrel, and the supporting table is fixed through a supporting frame; one end of the support frame is connected with the support table, and the other end of the support frame is connected with the soaking barrel;
the upper surface of the support table is provided with a spectrometer and a computer, and the spectrometer is electrically connected with the computer; the lower surface of the supporting table is provided with an optical fiber cover, and an optical fiber, an air injection valve and a water spray valve are arranged in the optical fiber cover;
the air injection valve and the water injection valve are electrically connected with the computer and are controlled to be closed and opened through the computer;
the length of the optical fiber is adjustable and is electrically connected with the spectrometer;
the soaking screen is arranged in the soaking barrel and is fixed in the soaking barrel through a spiral device; a hollow material hopper is also arranged inside the soaking sieve; the hollow material hopper is connected with the supporting platform through a pulley pull rod, and a discharge valve is arranged at the bottom of the hollow material hopper;
a plurality of annular heating rods are arranged at the bottom in the soaking barrel, and an oscillator is arranged below the annular heating rods;
the bottom of the soaking barrel is provided with a drain valve communicated with the outside; a water injection valve is also arranged on one side wall of the soaking barrel;
the heating rod and the oscillator are electrically connected with a computer, and can be controlled to be started and closed through the computer.
Preferably, the hollowed-out material hopper is a regular tetrahedron, so that later-period materials can be emptied through a discharge valve at the bottom.
Preferably, the annular heating rod is made of nickel-chromium wires and is wrapped by stainless steel.
Preferably, the pulley pull rod has a stretching function; used for pulling the hollowed-out material hopper to the upper part of the soaking sieve.
Preferably, the surface of the hollowed-out hopper is provided with small holes which are uniformly distributed; the aperture is 0.2-0.5 mm.
Preferably, the spiral device can adjust the distance between the soaking screen and the bottom of the soaking barrel through rotation; the distance between the two is 1-10 cm.
Preferably, the bottom of the soaking barrel is also provided with a supporting foot margin; the supporting ground feet are pulleys with locking devices, and movement is facilitated.
The oscillation principle of the oscillator is that an alternating magnetic field is generated by an electronic circuit of the oscillator, a stainless steel container cuts alternating magnetic lines of force to generate alternating current (eddy current), the eddy current enables iron molecules on the wall of the container to move randomly at a high speed, the molecules collide and rub with each other to generate heat energy, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the eddy current, water molecules are driven to move by the action of electromagnetic force to drive liquid in the glass container, so that the oscillation effect is achieved.
A detection method of a rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of moisture content mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting rice: selecting rice purchased from the market, removing impurities, broken rice and moldy rice to obtain screened rice for later use;
s2, washing rice: the height of the hollowed-out material hopper can be adjusted through a pulley pull rod; firstly, raising the hollow material hopper to be above the soaking sieve, placing the rice screened in the step S1 into the hollow material hopper, and then placing the hollow material hopper into the soaking sieve through a pulley and a pull rod; then injecting water into the soaking barrel from a water injection valve, and stopping injecting water after the set water quantity is reached; simultaneously starting an oscillator to carry out oscillation cleaning, and opening a drain valve to discharge rice washing water after cleaning; after the water is discharged, injecting water through a water injection valve again for cleaning, and repeating the operation for 2-3 times;
s3, soaking: after the rice washing is finished, the hollowed-out material hopper is lifted to the position above the soaking screen through the telescopic pulley pull rod, and then the water injection valve is opened to inject clean water to clean the soaking barrel; after cleaning, putting the hollow material hopper filled with the rice into the soaking sieve again, starting a water injection valve, injecting a certain amount of water (submerging the surface of the rice), and starting an oscillator and a heating rod for soaking;
s4, information acquisition: after soaking, lifting the hollowed-out material hopper above the soaking screen through a telescopic pulley pull rod to separate from the liquid level; meanwhile, the heating rod and the oscillator are closed, after the water in the hollowed-out material hopper is drained, the hollowed-out material hopper can be continuously lifted to the optical fiber cover through the pulley pull rod, the optical fiber is stretched at the moment, the rice immersed in the hollowed-out material hopper is collected with information, the optical fiber can be adjusted to be immersed into different depths, the spectral information of the rice samples at different depths is collected, then the information is input into a computer through a spectrometer, and the information of the water content of the batch of rice after being immersed is fed back through a calculation model;
if the moisture content of the detected rice does not meet the requirement, placing the hollowed-out material hopper into a soaking sieve for continuously soaking until the moisture content meets the requirement;
after the whole soaking process is finished, a drain valve is opened to drain the solution in the soaking barrel; after the solution is drained, the water injection valve is opened again to inject clean water to clean the soaking barrel.
During the information processing of the sample, a national standard method and a near infrared spectrum are required to be adopted in advance to collect information of the rice sample, then a model is built, and after the model is detected, the model is input into a computer of the device to be controlled.
Preferably, the time for the oscillating cleaning in step S2 is 20-40S.
Preferably, the oscillation frequency of the oscillator in the step S3 is 80-120 r/min.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the certain amount of water to the rice in the step S3 is 1.2-1.5: 1.
Preferably, the soaking temperature in the step S3 is 30-45 ℃, and the soaking time is 45-70 min.
Preferably, the method for establishing the calculation model in S4 is as follows:
(1) spectrum collection and pretreatment: performing spectrum collection on the soaked and drained rice by using a near-infrared spectrometer, and preprocessing the collected spectrum to obtain a preprocessed near-infrared spectrum; the parameters of the near infrared spectrum acquisition are as follows: the interval of the collected spectrum is 4000cm-1～10000cm-1The corresponding wavelength is 1000 nm-2500 nm, the resolution is 8/cm, the frequency of the sample is 64 times, and the measurement interval is 3.857/cm;
methods of preprocessing of the spectra include multivariate scatter correction, standard normal variation, first derivative, second derivative, and Savitzky-Golay filter smoothing.
(2) The moisture content of the soaked rice samples was determined according to the direct drying method of GB5009.3-2016, "determination of moisture in national food safety standards".
(3) Combining the processed near infrared spectrum with the moisture content index of the soaked rice detected by using a national standard method, and establishing a model by adopting near infrared modeling software; the model is established by using a correction set sample, adopting a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression method to screen characteristic wavelengths of the near infrared spectrum, and establishing a water content model after rice soaking.
And finally, inputting the spectral data of the soaked rice to be detected into the established prediction model, checking the accuracy of the model, and applying the model to equipment for detection when the accuracy of the checked model meets the requirement.
The precision index comprises a prediction set mean square error root RMSEP and a prediction set decision coefficient R2Relative analytical error RPD. Comparing the deviation between the predicted value and the measured value, and judging the prediction accuracy of the model, wherein the smaller the Root Mean Square Error (RMSEP) of the prediction set, the smaller the decision coefficient R of the prediction set2The larger the RPD is, the RPD is more than or equal to 2, and the prediction capability of the established model isThe better.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of water content, which can realize on-line monitoring of water content detection in soaked rice in the production process of aseptic rice, provide key information for setting of cooking parameters of subsequent aseptic rice cooking, realize effective cooking and produce rice with better taste and quality; and the near infrared spectrum technology is adopted for detection, so that the operation is simple, no pollution is caused to the environment, professional knowledge is not required for testers, and the application is convenient.
(2) The rice soaking device based on the near-infrared detection of the water content comprises the oscillation soaking device, and rice washing and soaking are carried out in one device in the whole production process of the sterile rice, so that the cost and the space can be saved, the oscillation soaking can promote the movement of the solution in the soaking process, the contact between the rice and the solution is increased, the water absorption rate of the rice is increased, and the energy is saved.
(3) The invention provides a detection method of a rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of water content, which comprises the steps of obtaining spectrum information of soaked rice by utilizing a near-infrared spectrum technology, and constructing a nondestructive detection model and technology of the water content of the soaked rice by adopting a partial least square algorithm; the established prediction model is wide in design and wide in application range, and can be applied to detection of nutrient loss in the rice processing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of a rice soaking device for detecting moisture content based on near infrared light according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a spectrum of raw spectral data after being preprocessed in five ways;
reference numerals: 1-a spectrometer; 2-a computer; 3, supporting the table; 4-a fiber optic housing; 5-soaking and screening; 6-a water injection valve; 7-hollowing out the material hopper; 8-an oscillator; 9-a drain valve; 10-a screw device; 11-a discharge valve; 12-a pulley drawbar; 13-an air injection valve; 14-an optical fiber; 15-a water spray valve; 16-soaking barrel; 17-a heating rod; and 18-supporting ground feet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, a rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of moisture content comprises a spectrometer 1, a computer 2, a soaking screen 5, a hollow material hopper 7, an oscillator 8, an air jet valve 13, an optical fiber 14, a water spray valve 15, a heating rod 17 and a soaking barrel 16;
an accommodating space with an upper opening is formed inside the soaking barrel 16, a supporting table 3 is arranged above the opening of the soaking barrel 16, and the supporting table 3 is fixed on the upper surface of the soaking barrel 16 through a supporting frame; the spectrometer 1 and the computer 2 are arranged on the upper surface of the support table 3, and the spectrometer 1 is electrically connected with the computer 2; the lower surface of the support table 3 is provided with an optical fiber cover 4, and an optical fiber 14, an air injection valve 13 and a water spray valve 15 are arranged in the optical fiber cover 4; wherein the gas introduced into the gas injection valve 13 is superheated dry air, which can realize instant drying;
the air injection valve 13 and the water injection valve 15 are both electrically connected with the computer 2 and are controlled to be closed and opened through the computer 2;
the optical fiber 14 is adjustable in length and is electrically connected with the spectrometer 1;
the soaking screen 5 is arranged in the soaking barrel 16, the soaking screen 5 is fixed in the soaking barrel 16 through a screw device 10, and the screw device 10 can adjust the distance between the soaking screen 5 and the soaking barrel 16 through rotation; the distance between the two is 5 cm; a hollow material hopper 7 is also arranged inside the soaking screen 5; the hollow material hopper 7 is connected with the support table 3 through a pulley pull rod 12, and a discharge valve 11 is arranged at the bottom of the hollow material hopper 7; in addition, the hollowed-out material hopper 7 is a regular tetrahedron, so that the emptying of materials at the later stage is facilitated; meanwhile, small holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the surface of the hollowed-out material hopper 7; the aperture is 0.3 mm;
a plurality of annular heating rods 17 are arranged at the bottom in the soaking barrel 16, and the annular heating rods 17 are made of nickel-chromium wires; an oscillator 8 is arranged below the annular heating rod 17; the bottom of the soaking barrel 16 is provided with a drain valve 9 communicated with the outside; a water injection valve 6 is also arranged on one side wall of the soaking barrel 16;
the heating rod 17 and the oscillator 8 are both electrically connected with the computer 2, and can be controlled to be started and closed through the computer.
The bottom of the soaking barrel 16 is also provided with a supporting foot margin 18; in which the supporting feet 18 are provided as pulleys with locking means for ease of movement and position adjustment.
The oscillation principle of the oscillator 8 is that an alternating magnetic field is generated by an electronic circuit of the oscillator 8, the stainless steel container cuts alternating magnetic lines of force to generate alternating current (eddy current), the eddy current enables iron molecules on the container wall to move randomly at high speed, the molecules collide and rub with each other to generate heat energy, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the eddy current, water molecules are driven to move by the action of electromagnetic force to drive liquid in the glass container, so that the oscillation effect is achieved.
Establishing a model: firstly, a model required to be used by the device is established, and the specific steps refer to the following steps:
(1) making a soaked rice sample: in the embodiment, japonica rice varieties are collected and 80 rice samples are made, wherein 60 samples are correction sets (modeling sets), 20 samples are verification sets, and the verification sets are mixed sample sets. The 80 samples are soaked in the same process and then drained to prepare 80 samples of different varieties.
(2) Collecting a near infrared spectrum of a sample: collecting the spectrum of the rice sample by using a near-infrared spectrometer in the device;
the scanning parameters are set as: the spectral interval is 4000-10000/cm, the resolution is 8/cm, the sample scanning frequency is 64 times, and the measurement interval is 3.857/cm.
The process is as follows: starting the machine to preheat for 30min, then carrying out sample detection, putting a sample into a sample analysis cup, putting the sample into the cup body with the volume occupying 2/3 and ensuring that the bottom of the sample cup has no gap, lightly putting the sample into a sample pool, scanning in a spectral interval range, repeatedly scanning each sample for 3 times, and storing the scanning data in an absorbance form.
(3) Preprocessing raw spectral data: preprocessing all the acquired spectra by utilizing Multivariate Scattering Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variation (SNV), first derivative (1 st), second derivative (2 nd) and Savitzky-Golay filtering smoothing (Savitzky-Golay filter, SG) in analysis software TQ analysis software in a device computer to obtain preprocessed near infrared spectra; as shown in fig. 2, the spectrogram of the original spectrum data after being preprocessed in five ways, namely, a original spectrum, b.msc processing, c.snv processing, d.sg processing, e.1st processing and f.2nd processing; the purposes of smoothing the spectrogram, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, reducing noise and improving the accuracy are achieved; (Note: 10 above the ordinate of FIGS. b and c-3Value representing the ordinate multiplied by 10-3)。
(4) Measuring the water content of the soaked rice: the moisture content of the rice samples was determined using a traditional national standard method.
(5) Establishing a model: the pre-treated near infrared spectrum of each sample was correlated with the measured moisture content, and a prediction model was established using Partial Least Squares (PLS) in the computer TQ Analyst software in the apparatus, with a ratio of 3:1 for the modeling set and the partition of the prediction set (modeling set: prediction set: 60: 20).
Under the optimal spectrum pretreatment condition, analyzing each wave band for modeling to obtain rcAnd r under the full wave band (4000-10000/cm)cIn comparison, the recommended wave bands given by the TQ Analyst software are strictly screened, and the optimal mode of the moisture content is established. As can be seen from Table 1, r of the moisture content model is found at 4750-4977/cm and 5500-7886/cmcIt was 0.9650, RMSEC 0.25, and RPD 3.9. From the size of the correlation coefficient, the predicted value and the measured value of the moisture content model show good correlation, the PLS model performs best, the prediction performance is good, the accuracy is high, and the model can be used for actual quantitative detection.
TABLE 1 optimal model for the moisture content of soaked rice samples
(6) And (3) verification of the model: and taking 20 parts of soaked rice sample with unknown water content, performing spectrum acquisition, spectrum processing and physical and chemical index measurement according to the method, then putting the processed spectrum data into a prediction model for inspection, comparing the processed spectrum data with the index value detected by the traditional national standard method, and verifying the model. As can be seen from Table 2, the prediction of the moisture content of the soaked rice sample by the constructed near-infrared model is basically consistent with the chemical value detected by the traditional national standard method, which shows that the prediction result of the near-infrared spectroscopic analysis is extremely reliable, the model prediction precision is high, the deviation between the conventional chemical method measured value and the near-infrared measured value is small, the model prediction method has good practical value, can completely replace the conventional chemical determination method, and is popularized and applied to the rapid and accurate detection of the content of other substances.
TABLE 2 detection results of the near infrared spectrum prediction model of the soaked rice sample on the unknown sample
A detection method of a rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of moisture content mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting rice: selecting rice purchased from the market, removing impurities, broken rice and moldy rice to obtain screened rice for later use;
s2, washing rice: the height of the hollow material hopper 7 can be adjusted through a pulley pull rod 12; firstly, the hollowed-out material hopper 7 is raised to be 5cm above the soaking sieve 5, the rice screened in the S1 mode is placed in the hollowed-out material hopper 7, and then the hollowed-out material hopper 7 is placed in the soaking sieve 5 through the pulley pull rod 12; then water is injected into the soaking barrel 16 from the water injection valve 6, and the water injection is stopped after the set water amount is reached; simultaneously starting the oscillator 8 to carry out oscillation cleaning for 30s, opening the drain valve 9 after cleaning, and discharging rice washing water; after the water is discharged, water is injected through the water injection valve 6 again for cleaning, and the operation is repeated for 3 times;
s3, soaking: after the rice washing is finished, the hollow material hopper 7 is lifted to the upper part of the soaking screen 5 through the telescopic pulley pull rod 12, then the water injection valve 6 is opened to inject clean water, and the soaking barrel 16 is cleaned; after cleaning, placing the hollow material hopper 7 filled with the rice into the soaking sieve 6 again, starting the water injection valve 6, injecting a certain amount of water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the rice is 1.3:1, the water submerges the surface of the rice, simultaneously starting the oscillator 8 and the heating rod 17 for soaking, wherein the oscillation frequency is 100r/min, the soaking temperature is 35 ℃, and the soaking time is 50 min;
s4, information acquisition: after soaking, the hollow material hopper 7 is lifted to the upper part of the soaking screen 5 through the telescopic pulley pull rod 12 to be separated from the liquid level; meanwhile, the heating rod 17 and the oscillator 8 are closed, after the water in the hollowed-out material hopper 7 is drained, the hollowed-out material hopper 7 can be continuously lifted to the optical fiber cover 4 through the pulley pull rod 12, the optical fiber 14 is stretched at the moment, information is collected in the rice immersed in the hollowed-out material hopper 7, the optical fiber 14 can be adjusted to be immersed into different depths, namely 10cm below the surface, 10cm above the central position, 10cm below the central position and 10cm away from the bottom of the material hopper 7, spectral information of rice samples at different depths is collected, then the information is input into the computer 2 through the spectrometer 1, and the water content information after the batch of rice is immersed is fed back through the calculation model;
if the moisture content of the rice is detected to be not in accordance with the requirement, the hollowed-out material hopper 7 is placed into the soaking sieve 5 to be continuously soaked until the moisture content is in accordance with the requirement;
after the whole soaking process is finished, the drain valve 9 is opened to drain the solution in the soaking barrel 16; after the solution is discharged, the water injection valve 6 is opened again to inject clean water to clean the soaking barrel 16.
During the information processing of the sample, a national standard method and a near infrared spectrum are required to be adopted in advance to collect information of the rice sample, then a model is built, and after the model is detected, the model is input into the computer 2 of the device to be controlled.
Description of the drawings: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, while the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A rice soaking device based on near-infrared detection of water content is characterized by comprising a spectrometer (1), a computer (2), a soaking screen (5), a hollow material hopper (7), an oscillator (8), an air injection valve (13), an optical fiber (14), a water spray valve (15), a heating rod (17) and a soaking barrel (16);
an accommodating space with an upper opening is formed in the soaking barrel (16), a supporting table (3) is arranged above the opening of the soaking barrel (16), and the supporting table (3) is fixed on the upper surface of the soaking barrel (16) through a supporting frame;
the spectrometer (1) and the computer (2) are arranged on the upper surface of the support table (3), and the spectrometer (1) is electrically connected with the computer (2); the lower surface of the support table (3) is provided with an optical fiber cover (4), and an optical fiber (14), an air injection valve (13) and a water spray valve (15) are arranged in the optical fiber cover (4);
the air injection valve (13) and the water injection valve (15) are electrically connected with the computer (2) and are controlled to be closed and opened through the computer (2);
the optical fiber (14) is adjustable in length and is electrically connected with the spectrometer (1);
a soaking screen (5) is arranged in the soaking barrel (16), and the soaking screen (5) is fixed in the soaking barrel (16) through a screw device (10); a hollow material hopper (7) is also arranged inside the soaking screen (5); the hollow material hopper (7) is connected with the support table (3) through a pulley pull rod (12), and a discharge valve (11) is arranged at the bottom of the hollow material hopper (7);
a plurality of annular heating rods (17) are arranged at the bottom in the soaking barrel (16), and an oscillator (8) is arranged below the annular heating rods (17);
the bottom of the soaking barrel (16) is provided with a drain valve (9) communicated with the outside; a water injection valve (6) is also arranged on one side wall of the soaking barrel (16);
the heating rod (17) and the oscillator (8) are electrically connected with the computer (2) and can be controlled to be started and closed through the computer (2).
2. The rice soaking device based on the near-infrared detection of the water content is characterized in that the hollowed-out material hopper (7) is a regular tetrahedron, so that the later-period material can be emptied through a discharge valve (11) at the bottom; the surface of the hollowed-out material hopper (7) is provided with small holes which are uniformly distributed; the aperture is 0.2-0.5 mm.
3. The rice soaking device based on the near infrared detection of the moisture content as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the material of the ring-shaped heating rod (17) is nickel-chromium wire and is wrapped by stainless steel.
4. The near-infrared detection water content-based rice soaking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulley pull rod (12) has a stretching function; used for pulling the hollowed-out material hopper (7) to the upper part of the soaking sieve (5).
5. The rice soaking device based on the near infrared detection of the moisture content as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the screw device (10) can adjust the distance between the soaking screen (5) and the bottom of the soaking barrel (16) by rotation; the distance between the two is 1-10 cm.
6. The rice soaking device based on the near infrared detection of the moisture content as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the soaking barrel (16) is further provided with a supporting foot margin (18); the supporting ground feet (18) are pulleys with locking devices.
7. The detection method of the rice soaking device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting rice: selecting rice purchased from the market, removing impurities, broken rice and moldy rice to obtain screened rice for later use;
s2, washing rice: the height of the hollowed-out material hopper (7) can be adjusted through a pulley pull rod (12); firstly, the hollow material hopper (7) is lifted to the upper part of the soaking sieve (5), the rice screened in the step S1 is placed in the hollow material hopper (7), and then the hollow material hopper (7) is placed in the soaking sieve (5) through a pulley pull rod (12); then, water is injected into the soaking barrel (16) from the water injection valve (6), and the water injection is stopped after the set water quantity is reached; simultaneously starting an oscillator (8) for oscillation cleaning, and opening a drain valve (9) after cleaning to discharge rice washing water; after the water is discharged, injecting water again through a water injection valve (6) for cleaning, and repeating the operation for 2-3 times;
s3, soaking: after the rice washing is finished, the hollow material hopper (7) is lifted to the upper part of the soaking sieve (5) through the telescopic pulley pull rod (12), then the water injection valve (6) is opened to inject clean water, and the soaking barrel (16) is cleaned; after cleaning, putting the hollowed-out material hopper (7) filled with rice into the soaking sieve (5) again, opening the water injection valve (6), injecting a certain amount of water (submerging the surface of the rice), and simultaneously opening the oscillator (8) and the heating rod (17) for soaking;
s4, information acquisition: after soaking, the hollowed-out material hopper (7) is lifted to the upper part of the soaking screen (5) through the telescopic pulley pull rod (12) to be separated from the liquid level; meanwhile, the heating rod (17) and the oscillator (8) are closed, after the water in the hollowed-out material hopper (7) is drained, the hollowed-out material hopper (7) can be continuously lifted to the optical fiber cover (4) through the pulley pull rod (12), the optical fiber (14) is stretched at the moment, the optical fiber is immersed in the rice of the hollowed-out material hopper (7) to collect information, the optical fiber (14) can be adjusted to be immersed in different depths to collect spectral information of rice samples at different depths, then the information is input into the computer (2) through the spectrometer (1), and the information of the water content of the batch of soaked rice is fed back through the calculation model;
if the moisture content of the rice is detected to be not in accordance with the requirement, the hollowed-out material hopper (7) is placed into the soaking sieve (5) to be continuously soaked until the moisture content is in accordance with the requirement;
after the whole soaking process is finished, a drain valve (9) is opened to drain the solution in the soaking barrel (16); after the solution is drained, the water injection valve (6) is opened again to inject clean water to clean the soaking barrel (16).
During the information processing of the sample, a national standard method and a near infrared spectrum are required to be adopted in advance to collect information of the rice sample, then a calculation model is established, and after the calculation model is detected, the model is input into a computer (2) of the device to be controlled.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oscillating cleaning in step S2 is performed for 20-40S.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the oscillation frequency of the oscillator (8) in step S3 is 80-120 r/min; the mass ratio of the certain amount of water to the rice is 1.2-1.5: 1; the soaking temperature is 30-45 ℃, and the soaking time is 45-70 min.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the computational model is established in S4 by:
(1) spectrum collection and pretreatment: performing spectrum collection on the soaked and drained rice by using a near-infrared spectrometer, and preprocessing the collected spectrum to obtain a preprocessed near-infrared spectrum; the parameters of the near infrared spectrum acquisition are as follows: the interval of the collected spectrum is 4000cm-1～10000cm-1The corresponding wavelength is 1000 nm-2500 nm, the resolution is 8/cm, the frequency of the sample is 64 times, and the measurement interval is 3.857/cm;
the preprocessing method of the spectrum comprises multivariate scattering correction, standard normal variation, first derivative, second derivative and Savitzky-Golay filtering smoothing;
(2) measuring the water content in the soaked rice sample according to a direct drying method in GB5009.3-2016 (national food safety standard) for measuring water content in food;
(3) combining the processed near infrared spectrum with the moisture content index of the soaked rice detected by using a national standard method, and establishing a model by adopting near infrared modeling software; and (3) establishing a model, namely screening characteristic wavelengths of the near infrared spectrum by using a calibration set sample and adopting a partial least squares regression method, and establishing a water content model after rice soaking.
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