CN113552078A - Road traffic source pollution real-time quantitative remote measurement system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric pollution monitoring, and particularly relates to a real-time quantitative remote measuring system for road traffic source pollution. The system comprises a spectrum acquisition module, a cradle head module, a meteorological monitoring module, a road traffic information acquisition module and a system control module; the two observation azimuth angles are respectively in two directions of a parallel road direction and an oblique crossing road direction by controlling the rotation of two motors in the holder module; the remote measuring system also comprises a calculation analysis module which is deployed at the remote data processing terminal; the calculation analysis module calculates pollutant emission flux of road traffic sources and pollutant emission amount of single vehicles in real time by using the pollutant information obtained in the spectrum acquisition module, the meteorological information observed by the meteorological monitoring module and the vehicle information obtained by the road traffic information acquisition module; the invention realizes the real-time automatic remote measurement of the remote road traffic source, and has the advantages of simple observation mode, easy realization and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric pollution monitoring, and particularly relates to a remote measuring system for road traffic source (such as nitrogen dioxide) pollution.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of people for healthy living environment is higher and higher. However, with the development and progress of industrial technology, the quantity of motor vehicles in China is increased year by year, and tail gas discharged by road traffic vehicles becomes the largest pollution source of atmospheric pollution in many cities, which is called road traffic source pollution; the urban pollution type is converted from soot type pollution to mixed type or motor vehicle type pollution, and the pollution harms the health of people. The pollutants in the automobile exhaust mainly include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (such as nitrogen dioxide), PM2.5 and the like. People in the vicinity of both sides of the road inhale pollutants discharged by automobiles, which have serious influence on the lung or other physiology of the human body, wherein nitrogen oxides can increase the cancer risk of the human body. The pollutant emission of automobiles is affected by different measuring places, different driving conditions (such as the gradient of a highway section, allowable speed limit, road engineering and the like), so that quantitative measurement of the influence of the pollutant emission of the automobiles on the surrounding environment during actual driving is in urgent need.
At present, a fixed-point air pollution monitoring station frequently uses a chemical sampling method, a TD-LAS method of a tunable semiconductor laser and the like for monitoring road pollutants. The monitoring station based on the chemical sampling method cannot quantify the gaseous pollutant emission of the whole road, and the TD-LAS method based on the infrared laser cannot obtain the numerical value of the nitrogen oxide of the main pollutants of the motor vehicle in an inversion mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a telemetering system capable of carrying out real-time and quantitative calculation on the pollution of motor vehicles of road traffic sources.
According to the real-time and quantitative telemetering system for the pollution of the road traffic source, the pollution of nitrogen dioxide and the like brought by the road traffic source in a specific road area is quantitatively calculated through the measured difference value obtained by simultaneous observation in two directions. The remote measuring system comprises an observation system, wherein the observation system comprises a spectrum acquisition module, a holder module, a meteorological monitoring module, a road traffic information acquisition module and a system control module; wherein:
the main body of the spectrum acquisition module is a super-resolution spectrometer which is used for acquiring a spectrum of 300nm-400nm and obtaining the concentration value of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and the like by a hyper-spectral analysis technology based on the Lambert-beer law;
the holder module comprises an elevation motor and an azimuth motor; wherein, the rotation of the motor can be controlled by software, so as to change the observation azimuth angle and the elevation angles of the two observation directions;
the weather monitoring module comprises a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, a BMP085 atmospheric pressure sensor and a wind direction and wind speed sensor; the system comprises a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, a BMP085 sensor, a wind direction and wind speed sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind direction and wind speed sensor and a humidity sensor, wherein the DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor is used for measuring the temperature value and the relative humidity value of the atmosphere, the BMP085 sensor is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure value, and the wind direction and wind speed sensor is used for measuring the wind direction value and the wind speed value;
the road traffic information acquisition module comprises a telescopic frame rod, a traffic monitoring camera and a DSP image processor; the traffic monitoring camera is arranged on the telescopic frame rod and used for shooting and acquiring the quantity information and the type information of vehicles of an observed road traffic source, processing the information by the DSP image processor and synchronously sending the information to the remote data processing terminal;
the system control module comprises an STM32 controller and a data control terminal; the STM32 controller is used for controlling cloud platform module motor, and data control terminal is arranged in controlling sensor data acquisition among super resolution spectrometer and the meteorological monitoring module.
Because the total pollutant amount of the observation direction of the obliquely penetrated road is subtracted from the reference direction, the pollutant emission condition of a road traffic source can be effectively reflected, the telemetering system of the invention needs to be placed at one end of an upwind direction, and two observation azimuth angles can be respectively in two directions of a parallel road direction and an obliquely penetrated road direction by controlling the rotation of two motors in the holder module; and both directions are to ensure that there are no obstructions to the optical path within the effective optical path length L.
The telemetering system also comprises a calculation analysis module, wherein the calculation analysis module is deployed at a remote data processing terminal and is used for calculating the pollutant emission flux of the road traffic source in real time.
The calculation analysis module calculates pollutant emission flux of the road traffic source by using the pollutant information obtained in the spectrum acquisition module, the meteorological information observed by the meteorological monitoring module and the vehicle information obtained by the road traffic information acquisition module; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the optical path length L of the observation direction, and determining the observation range of the direction;
(2) determining a road traffic source observation range M by utilizing a sine theorem according to real-time wind direction data provided by a wind direction and wind speed sensor in a meteorological monitoring module;
(3) and calculating the pollutant emission flux of the road by combining the total light path concentration of the pollutants in the observation direction and the reference direction obtained by the instrument with the wind direction and wind speed data obtained in the meteorological monitoring module.
(1) Calculation of effective light path length L:
under daily sunny weather conditions, by utilizing the relatively stable property of the oxygen dimer O4 in the proportion of the oxygen dimer in the atmosphere, the effective optical path L can be calculated by the temperature T, the relative humidity H and the pressure P, and the formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the total concentration of the oxygen dimer light path obtained by the inversion of a super-resolution spectrometer, and the unit is molec (cm)-2The spectrum acquired by the spectrometer is obtained by inverting the spectrum by using an atmospheric environment nonlinear least square algorithm. Temperature T in Kelvin, pressureP is expressed in units of hectopa, NAThe AlVogalois constant is calculated as constant 6.02 × 1023, R is ideal gas constant and constant 8.3145 J.mol-1·K-1And L has units of kilometers.
(2) Calculating an observation range M of the road traffic source:
the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the unit of M is kilometer,
the included angle between the average wind direction and the road direction in the observation period is theta, and the included angle between the observation direction of the instrument and the road direction is theta.
(3) Calculating the road pollutant emission flux:
and (3) combining the total concentration of the light path with the wind direction and wind speed data to realize the calculation of the pollutant discharge flux of the traffic source in the road range:
calculating the concentration difference of pollutants in two observation directions:
dPTC＝PTCtar–PTCref； (3)
the total concentration of the light path is defined as PTC, and the total concentration of the light path in the direction of the pollutant is defined as PTCtarThe total concentration of the range pollutant light path observed in the reference direction is set as PTCrefdPTC is total concentration of differential optical path in units of molec (cm)-2I.e. number of molecules per square centimeter;
calculating the total pollutant concentration VTC in the vertical direction:
and determining the obtained vertical wind speed as the diffusion speed of the total pollutant amount in the range of the observed road traffic source, wherein the obtained differential light path total concentration dPTC can be converted into the vertical total concentration VTC by a geometric approximation method:
VTC＝dPTC·sin(α)； (4)
the unit of the vertical total concentration VTC and the unit of the differential optical path total concentration dPTC are both molecular number/square centimeter, alpha is an observation elevation angle, and can be 30 degrees, because 30 degrees can well realize the conversion of the vertical total concentration and the optical path total concentration in actual use, and the emission of gaseous pollutants of a road close to the ground can be reasonably reflected while avoiding the shielding of a building;
③ pollutant discharge flux E of road traffic sources:
the wind speed perpendicular to the reference direction (i.e. the direction of travel of the road vehicle) is first calculated:
V⊥the wind speed is indicated in a vertical reference direction,
in order to observe the average wind speed over the time frame,
and V⊥The units of (A) are meters per second;
the obtained VTC and the wind speed value V⊥Multiplying, and then obtaining the pollutant discharge flux E of the road traffic source:
E＝V⊥·VTC； (6)
e is the discharge flux in units of molec (ms)-1；
Fourthly, calculating the pollutant discharge amount of the bicycle:
obtaining a video signal according to a camera in a traffic parameter acquisition module, obtaining the number of observed motor vehicles and the running condition thereof by processing of a DSP signal processor, obtaining the passing number of different types of automobiles in a specific time period, calculating the pollutant emission influence of different types of single vehicles according to the pollutant emission flux in the time period, assuming that the throughput of a heavy-duty diesel vehicle is m and the throughput of a light-duty vehicle is n in the time period, and obtaining a single vehicle emission expression according to the heavy-duty diesel vehicle pollutant emission limit value and measurement method (the sixth stage in China) and the light-duty vehicle pollutant emission limit value and measurement method (the sixth stage in China) issued by the environmental protection department and the national quality control agency, wherein the ratio of the standard emission of the heavy-duty vehicle to the light-duty vehicle pollutant is k:
E1emission of light-duty vehicles in the target time period, E2The emission of the heavy-duty diesel vehicle in the target time period is shown, and E is the calculated total road emission flux.
The road traffic source pollution real-time and quantitative remote measuring system provided by the invention simultaneously obtains the main pollution gas flux of the motor vehicles such as nitrogen dioxide and the like based on a hyper-spectral analysis technology, realizes the remote measurement and quantitative calculation of the pollution flux of the motor vehicles on the road, and carries out the detailed calculation of the emission of each running vehicle on the road; the monitoring means of the road traffic source in the region are enriched, and the atmospheric pollution monitoring efficiency of the road traffic source is improved.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the requirement of observing pollution of road traffic sources in a specific time period is met, and the observation flexibility is strong;
(2) the method is simple and easy to operate, and the instrument is high in mobility;
(3) the whole process from data acquisition to the data processing terminal is formed by building the whole system from the observation equipment to the remote data processing terminal, and the acquisition of real-time observation results can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall conceptual diagram of a telemetry system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of determining the road traffic source range M according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a telemetry system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computational analysis module according to the present invention.
Figure 5 is a graph of the total daily nitrogen dioxide contaminant amount in an example of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the present invention in an example of the present invention when the vehicle is weighed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a real-time road traffic source pollution remote measuring system, which is shown in figure 1. The observation target is selected as a certain section of Jinzhai road in Hefei city, Anhui province. The instrument building site is positioned on the roof of the first teaching building in the east school district of the university of Chinese science and technology: the main body of the spectrograph is arranged at a proper position at the windward side of an observation target road, and the position selection principle is to ensure that no tall buildings or other shelters blocking the light path exist on the observation direction path (the effective observation range is about 3-4km under normal sunny weather) of a parallel road and an obliquely-penetrated road.
On the experimental day (11 months and 3 days 2020), the temperature T and the pressure P obtained by the meteorological monitoring module of the instrument and the total concentration PTC of the light path measured by the instrument are usedO4The daily average effective optical length L was calculated to be 3 km.
And adjusting parameters of the spectrometer module according to the observation task requirement, such as adjusting the observation elevation angle and the time resolution, to obtain a spectrum with a certain time scale and high time resolution, wherein the observation elevation angle is set to be 30 degrees and the time resolution is set to be 30s on the same day. Thereby obtaining the total concentration information of the pollutant optical path (taking nitrogen dioxide as an example) on the same day as that of fig. 5. The figure is shown with curves of different colors.
And the real-time meteorological data of the temperature value T, the relative humidity value H, the atmospheric pressure value P, the wind direction W and the wind speed S are obtained by utilizing the meteorological monitoring module, and the terminal wind direction and wind speed information and the included angle between the road and the observation direction are processed to calculate the length M of the road traffic source pollution observation range. Where M is in kilometers.
Target road side for current day observation28 degrees north, 104 degrees north and west, 4.2 m/s wind speed, 38 degrees observation direction theta,
is 48 deg..
The road distance length M observed on the day is 4.8 kilometers.
The vehicle data of the current traffic motor vehicle is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the vehicle flow rate variation trend is the same as the time variation trend of the nitrogen dioxide concentration difference dPTC in the observation direction.
The wind speed in the vertical reference direction was calculated to be 3.1 m/s.
The calculation of the emission flux can then be done at the processing terminal according to the relevant calculation method. Namely nitrogen dioxide emissions to the surroundings in the target road traffic source range M and emissions to the surroundings of the individual vehicle during driving.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and different calculation methods of the relevant parameters are possible in different embodiments, but any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the method system and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A road traffic source pollution real-time quantitative remote measuring system is characterized in that nitrogen dioxide and other pollution brought by road traffic sources in a specific road area are quantitatively calculated through measurement difference values obtained by simultaneous observation in two directions; the remote measuring system comprises an observation system, wherein the observation system comprises a spectrum acquisition module, a holder module, a meteorological monitoring module, a road traffic information acquisition module and a system control module; wherein:
the main body of the spectrum acquisition module is a super-resolution spectrometer and is used for acquiring a spectrum of 300nm-400nm and obtaining a concentration value of a pollutant through a hyper-spectral analysis technology based on the Lambert-beer law;
the holder module comprises an elevation motor and an azimuth motor; wherein, the rotation of the motor is controlled by software, so as to change the observation azimuth angle and the elevation angles of the two observation directions;
the weather monitoring module comprises a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, a BMP085 atmospheric pressure sensor and a wind direction and wind speed sensor; the system comprises a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, a BMP085 sensor, a wind direction and wind speed sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind direction and wind speed sensor and a humidity sensor, wherein the DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor is used for measuring the temperature value and the relative humidity value of the atmosphere, the BMP085 sensor is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure value, and the wind direction and wind speed sensor is used for measuring the wind direction value and the wind speed value;
the road traffic information acquisition module comprises a telescopic frame rod, a traffic monitoring camera and a DSP image processor; the traffic monitoring camera is arranged on the telescopic frame rod and used for shooting and acquiring the quantity information and the type information of vehicles of an observed road traffic source, processing the information by the DSP image processor and synchronously sending the information to the remote data processing terminal;
the system control module comprises an STM32 controller and a data control terminal; the STM32 controller is used for controlling a cradle head module motor, and the data control terminal is used for controlling the data acquisition of the sensor in the super-resolution spectrometer and the meteorological monitoring module;
the remote measuring system is placed at one end of an upwind direction, and two observation azimuth angles are respectively in two directions of a parallel road direction and an oblique crossing road direction by controlling the rotation of two motors in the holder module; and both directions ensure that there are no obstructions obstructing the optical path within the effective optical path L.
2. The telemetry system of claim 1 further comprising a computational analysis module deployed at the remote data processing terminal; the calculation analysis module calculates pollutant emission flux of road traffic sources in real time by using the pollutant information obtained in the spectrum acquisition module, the meteorological information observed by the meteorological monitoring module and the vehicle information obtained by the road traffic information acquisition module; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the optical path length L of the observation direction, and determining the observation range of the direction;
under daily sunny weather conditions, by utilizing the relatively stable property of the oxygen dimer O4 in the proportion of the oxygen dimer in the atmosphere, the effective optical path length L is calculated through the temperature T, the relative humidity H and the pressure P, and the formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the total concentration of the oxygen dimer light path obtained by the inversion of a super-resolution spectrometer, and the unit is molec (cm)-2The spectrum acquired by the spectrometer is obtained by inverting the spectrum by using an atmospheric environment nonlinear least square algorithm; temperature T in Kelvin and pressure P in Pascal, NAIs an Avogastron constant, and is calculated to be constant 6.02 × 1023R is an ideal gas constant, and the unit of L is kilometer;
(2) according to real-time wind direction data provided by a wind direction and wind speed sensor in a meteorological monitoring module, determining a road traffic source observation range M by utilizing a sine theorem, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the unit of M is kilometer,
clip for observing average wind direction and road direction in periodThe angle theta is an included angle between the observation direction of the instrument and the road direction;
(3) calculating the pollutant emission flux of the road by combining the total light path concentration of the pollutants in the observation direction and the reference direction obtained by the instrument with the wind direction and wind speed data obtained in the meteorological monitoring module;
calculating the concentration difference of pollutants in two observation directions:
dPTC＝PTCtar–PTCref； (3)
the total concentration of the light path is defined as PTC, PTCtarIs the total concentration of the light path in the direction of the pollutant, PTCrefThe total concentration of the range pollutant light path observed in the reference direction and dPTC are the total concentration of the differential light path, and the unit is molec (cm)-2I.e. number of molecules per square centimeter;
calculating the total pollutant concentration VTC in the vertical direction:
and determining the obtained vertical wind speed as the diffusion speed of the total pollutant amount in the range of the observed road traffic source, wherein the obtained differential light path total concentration dPTC can be converted into the vertical total concentration VTC by a geometric approximation method:
VTC＝dPTC·sin(α)； (4)
wherein, the unit of the vertical total concentration VTC and the unit of the differential optical path total concentration dPTC are both molecular number/square centimeter, and alpha is an observation elevation angle;
③ pollutant discharge flux E of road traffic sources:
firstly, calculating the wind speed perpendicular to the reference direction, namely the driving direction of the road motor vehicle:
V⊥the wind speed is indicated in a vertical reference direction,
in order to observe the average wind speed over the time frame,
and V⊥The units of (A) are meters per second;
the obtained VTC and the wind speed value V⊥Multiplying to obtain the pollutant emission flux E of the road traffic source:
E＝V⊥·VTC； (6)
e is the discharge flux in units of molec (ms)-1。
3. The telemetry system of claim 2 wherein the computational analysis module further comprises a single vehicle pollutant emission: video signals obtained by a camera in the road traffic information acquisition module are processed by a DSP signal processor to obtain the number of observed motor vehicles and the running condition thereof, the passing number of different types of automobiles in a specific time period is obtained, and a single vehicle pollutant emission expression is obtained by combining the standard emission ratio of heavy vehicles and light vehicles as k:
E1emission of light-duty vehicles in the target time period, E2And E is the calculated total road emission flux, the throughput of the heavy diesel vehicle is m, and the throughput of the light diesel vehicle is n.
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