CN113551802A - Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor and temperature detection method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor and temperature detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113551802A CN113551802A CN202110939985.4A CN202110939985A CN113551802A CN 113551802 A CN113551802 A CN 113551802A CN 202110939985 A CN202110939985 A CN 202110939985A CN 113551802 A CN113551802 A CN 113551802A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor which comprises a Bragg grating fiber and a capillary tube, wherein the capillary tube is sleeved on the Bragg grating fiber, a fiber Bragg grating section in the Bragg grating fiber is positioned in the capillary tube, and epoxy resin is filled in a gap between the capillary tube and the Bragg grating fiber positioned in the capillary tube. The method comprises the steps of respectively connecting one end of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, the light source emitting device and the spectrum detection device into the circulator, firstly measuring a plurality of groups of spectrograms of known temperature media, after linear fitting, measuring a spectrogram of an unknown temperature medium, and obtaining the temperature of the medium through corresponding calculation. The sensor has simple structure and reliable performance, and is sensitive and accurate to a temperature detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor and a temperature detection method thereof.
Background
Temperature is one of the most basic thermodynamic properties, and is one of seven international basic units, which have profound influences in various fields, temperature detection is a link which cannot be lacked in modern production, plays a vital role in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental monitoring, production and manufacturing, agriculture and the like, and has been widely concerned in the past decades. Temperature detection is a link which cannot be lacked in modern production, the temperature sensors commonly used at present are roughly divided into five types, namely PN junction type, thermocouple type, thermal resistor, radiation type and optical fiber temperature sensors, the PN junction type, the thermocouple type and the thermal resistor are electronic devices, electric sparks are easy to generate, explosion occurs and the like, the use scene is limited, and the precision is not very high. For a radiation type temperature sensor, the measurement result is easily affected by environmental radiation, gas composition and other factors. Compared with the optical fiber temperature sensor, the optical fiber temperature sensor has the advantages of non-contact monitoring, electromagnetic interference resistance, no space occupation, high sensitivity, small loss, lower cost, easy control and particular suitability for being used in special environments such as inflammable and explosive environments and the like. However, the optical fiber temperature sensor has its own unique advantages due to its unique sensing mechanism, but also has many disadvantages, such as difficulty in manufacturing, high cost, immature technology, difficulty in industrial mass production, low sensitivity, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a simple structure, convenient to use, the reliability is high, receives environmental impact little, and sensitivity is high, not fragile fiber bragg grating temperature sensor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor comprises a Bragg grating optical fiber and a capillary tube, wherein the capillary tube is sleeved on the Bragg grating optical fiber, two ends of the Bragg grating optical fiber respectively extend out of two ends of the capillary tube, a fiber Bragg grating section in the Bragg grating optical fiber is positioned in the capillary tube, the length of the fiber Bragg grating section in the Bragg grating optical fiber is 5-50 mm, the part, positioned in the capillary tube, in the Bragg grating optical fiber is arranged along the same center line with the capillary tube, the inner diameter of the capillary tube is larger than the diameter of the Bragg grating optical fiber, the difference value between the inner diameter of the capillary tube and the diameter of the Bragg grating optical fiber is smaller than 2000 mu m, the thickness of the capillary tube is larger than 200 mu m and smaller than 1000 mu m, and epoxy resin is filled in a gap between the capillary tube and the Bragg grating optical fiber positioned in the capillary tube.
In the present invention, the phase grating in the core can be analogized to a mirror (for reflected light) or a filter (for transmitted light). When one light beam passes through the fiber Bragg grating, the light wave meeting the Bragg condition is reflected by the fiber Bragg grating, and the rest light waves are transmitted continuously through the grating. The change of the external temperature can cause the change of the effective refractive index and the modulation period of the fiber Bragg grating, thereby causing the change of the central wavelength. Fiber bragg gratings are good temperature sensors because the amount of change in the center wavelength is substantially linear with the amount of change in temperature. But for bare fiber bragg gratings he is itself predominantly composed of SiO2The optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is very fragile and easy to break, the sensitivity of the sensor is low due to the fact that the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is small, and sensitivity of the optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is effectively improved by adopting the capillary tube to carry out sensitivity enhancing type packaging on the optical fiber Bragg grating based on the defects.
From the principle of fiber bragg grating, after light wave enters the fiber bragg grating, the light wave meeting the bragg condition is reflected by the fiber bragg grating, and the wavelength of the reflected light wave is called as the central wavelength λBThe sensors based on the fiber Bragg grating measure the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating to reflect the change of the external environment, and the central wavelength is lambdaBThe relationship between the grating period and the refractive index of the optical fiber is as follows:
λB＝2neffΛ (1)
in the formula neffThe modulation period of the Λ grating is the core effective index. As can be seen from formula (1): n iseffThe change of Λ causes the wavelength of the reflected light to change, when the temperature of the external environment of the fiber Bragg grating changes, the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating changes along with the temperature change,the reason for this phenomenon is mainly that due to the thermo-optic effect of the optical fiber material itself, the temperature change changes both the modulation period and the effective refractive index of the fiber bragg grating, and finally the change of the central wavelength can be obtained without considering the waveguide effect:
order to
Namely the thermo-optic constant;
i.e., the coefficient of thermal expansion, to obtain:
let KT＝λ(ξ+α)，KTThe sensitivity coefficient of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing can be obtained by the following steps:
Δλ＝KTΔT (4)
when no other factors interfere, the relation between the temperature and the central wavelength of the bare fiber Bragg grating is shown as the formula (4), and the optical fiber is pure SiO2The following are generally the cases: alpha ≈ 0.55 × 10-6/℃，ξ≈6.67×10-6V. C. The temperature sensitivity K of the fiber Bragg grating is calculated by assuming that the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating is 1550nmTAbout 11.191 pm/deg.C. If the fiber Bragg grating sensor is packaged, the sensing characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating can be greatly changed due to the difference of packaging materials, and when the external temperature changes, the external stress is generated on the fiber Bragg grating due to the expansion caused by heat and the contraction caused by cold of the packaging materials. If alpha is usedsRepresenting the coefficient of thermal expansion of the encapsulation material, the sensitivity of the encapsulated fiber bragg grating temperature sensor can be expressed as:
KT＝λ[ξ+α+(1-Pe)(αs-α)] (5)
p in formula (5)eThe effective elastic-optical coefficient of the optical fiber is obtained by the following relation between the value and other parameters of the optical fiber:
Pe＝(neff 2/2)[P12-υ(P11+P12)] (6)
where upsilon is Poisson's ratio, P11And P12For the elasto-optic coefficient of the fibre, if pure SiO is used2Optical fiber, P is obtained by calculatione0.22, from which the temperature sensitivity K is seenTRelated to the thermal expansion characteristics of the packaging material.
Preferably, the capillary tube is a capillary aluminum tube.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum is 23.6X 10-6Around/° c, it is known from equation (5) that the sensitivity of the sensitized and packaged fiber bragg grating is about 39.06pm/° c, which is about 3.5 times as high as that of the bare fiber bragg grating.
The invention also discloses a method for detecting the temperature based on the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(a) acquiring the optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, a light source emitting device, a circulator and a spectrum detection device, and respectively connecting one end of the optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, the light source emitting device and the spectrum detection device into the circulator;
(b) respectively placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors in multiple groups of same media at different temperatures, respectively obtaining corresponding reflected wave spectrograms, selecting the central wavelength of a corresponding characteristic peak in each reflected wave spectrogram, and obtaining y as a + bx through linear fitting, namely x as (y-a)/b, wherein y is a central wavelength value corresponding to the selected characteristic peak in the measured reflected wave spectrogram, a is a central wavelength value corresponding to the characteristic peak at 0 ℃, b is a sensitivity coefficient, and x is a temperature value;
(c) and (3) placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor in a medium to be detected, measuring to obtain a spectrogram, selecting the central wavelength value of the same characteristic peak as that in the step (2), and substituting the central wavelength value into a formula x (y-a)/b to calculate the medium temperature.
In the sensing principle part, the modulation period and the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating are mainly utilized to change along with the change of the external temperature, so that the central wavelength linearly changes along with the external temperature. By measuring the amount of change in the center wavelength, the ambient temperature can be clearly measured.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention has simple structure, convenient use, high reliability of temperature detection, little influence by environment, high sensitivity and difficult damage.
Drawings
For purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a reflected wave spectrum diagram of a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor and a bare bragg grating fiber in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing a spectrum of a reflected wave of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor at 9.7 ℃, 19.7 ℃ and 30.16 ℃ in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing a spectrum of a reflected wave of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor at 39.99 ℃, 50.1 ℃ and 60.2 ℃ in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing reflection spectrums of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor in example 1 of the present invention at 70.25 deg.C, 79.92 deg.C and 89.85 deg.C;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the central wavelength of the corresponding characteristic peak and the temperature in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the central wavelength values of the characteristic peaks corresponding to the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor in water at 30 ℃, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃ in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the central wavelength of the characteristic peak of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor in the air at 30 ℃, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃ in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor in the present embodiment includes a bragg grating fiber and a capillary aluminum tube, the capillary aluminum tube is sleeved on the bragg grating fiber, two ends of the bragg grating fiber respectively extend out from two ends of the capillary aluminum tube, a fiber bragg grating section in the bragg grating fiber is located in the capillary aluminum tube, a length of the fiber bragg grating section in the bragg grating fiber is 10mm, a portion of the bragg grating fiber located in the capillary aluminum tube is disposed along a same center line with the capillary aluminum tube, an inner diameter of the capillary aluminum tube is greater than a diameter of the bragg grating fiber, a difference between the inner diameter of the capillary aluminum tube and the diameter of the bragg grating fiber is 1875 μm, the thickness of the capillary aluminum tube is 500 μm, and a gap between the capillary aluminum tube and the bragg grating fiber located in the capillary aluminum tube is filled with epoxy resin.
A method for detecting temperature based on a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor comprises the following steps:
(a) acquiring the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, a light source emitting device, a circulator and a spectrum detection device, and respectively connecting one end of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor, the light source emitting device and the spectrum detection device into the circulator;
(b) respectively placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors in multiple groups of same media at different temperatures, respectively obtaining corresponding reflected wave spectrograms, selecting the central wavelength of a corresponding characteristic peak in each reflected wave spectrogram, and obtaining y as a + bx through linear fitting, namely x as (y-a)/b, wherein y is a central wavelength value corresponding to the selected characteristic peak in the measured reflected wave spectrogram, a is the central wavelength value corresponding to the characteristic peak at 0 ℃, b is a sensitivity coefficient, and x is a temperature value;
(c) and (3) placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor in a medium to be detected, measuring to obtain a spectrogram, selecting the central wavelength value of the same characteristic peak as that in the step (2), and substituting the central wavelength value into a formula x (y-a)/b to calculate the medium temperature.
In this embodiment, the light source emitting device emits 1550nm laser, and at a constant room temperature, a bare bragg grating optical fiber with a length of 10mm in a fiber bragg grating segment is first obtained and is connected to a circulator to obtain a reflected wave spectrogram, then the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor in this embodiment is connected to the circulator to obtain the reflected wave spectrogram, and the reflected wave spectrograms of the two are compared, as shown in fig. 1, and it is possible to obtain a graph in which a capillary aluminum tube and epoxy resin are used for encapsulation without affecting the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating.
In this embodiment, the water in the beaker is heated by temperature adjustment using a heating magnetic stirrer, the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is placed in the beaker filled with water, the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is immersed in the water, the temperature of the water in the beaker is adjusted and controlled using the heating magnetic stirrer, the reflected wave spectrograms of the spectrum detection apparatus are obtained while controlling the temperatures at 9.7 ℃, 19.7 ℃, 30.16 ℃, 39.99 ℃, 50.1 ℃, 60.2 ℃, 70.25 ℃, 79.92 ℃ and 89.85 ℃ respectively, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the central wavelength values of the corresponding characteristic peaks in the spectral data are recorded, and y a + bx is obtained by linear fitting using origin software, as shown in fig. 5, and the fitting coefficient R is20.9934, the temperature sensitivity coefficient is 38.35pm/° c, i.e., x (y-1548.78583)/0.03835. The fiber bragg grating temperature sensors were placed in water at 30 ℃, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, respectively, the reflected wave spectrograms of the sensors in water at each temperature were measured every 5 minutes, and the central wavelength values of the corresponding characteristic peaks were recorded within 25 minutes, as shown in fig. 6, the central wavelength of the characteristic peak was substantially stable, with the range maximum of 0.04nm, and thus it was found that the sensors had good time stability.
The fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is placed in a NaCl solution with unknown temperature, the central wavelength value of the corresponding characteristic peak is measured and obtained to be 1549.386nm, and the temperature of the NaCl solution is calculated to be 15.65 ℃ according to a formula.
The fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is placed in an ethanol solution with unknown temperature, the central wavelength value of the corresponding characteristic peak is measured and obtained to be 1549.258nm, and the temperature of the ethanol solution is calculated to be 12.32 ℃ according to a formula.
Example 2
As another embodiment of the present invention, the length of the fiber bragg grating section in the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor of the present embodiment is 15mm, the inner diameter of the capillary aluminum tube is larger than the diameter of the bragg grating fiber, the difference between the inner diameter of the capillary aluminum tube and the diameter of the bragg grating fiber is 1375 μm, and the thickness of the capillary aluminum tube is 300 μm.
In this embodiment, the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is placed in a constant temperature atmosphere at 20 ℃ to obtain a reflected wave spectrogram of the spectrum detection device, the reflected wave spectrogram of the spectrum detection device is obtained every 5 ℃ until the temperature is raised to 90 ℃, the central wavelength values of corresponding characteristic peaks in the spectrum data are recorded, fitting is performed linearly by using origin software, and a fitting coefficient R is obtained20.9975, the temperature sensitivity coefficient is 38.6 pm/deg.c, i.e., x (y-1547.5692)/0.0386. The fiber bragg grating temperature sensors are respectively placed in constant temperature air at 30 ℃, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, reflection wave spectrograms of the sensors in the constant temperature air at all temperatures are measured every 5 minutes, and central wavelength values of corresponding characteristic peaks in 25 minutes are recorded, as shown in fig. 7, the central wavelength of the characteristic peak is basically stable, and the range value of the characteristic peak is 0.07nm at most, so that the sensor has good time stability.
And placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor in air with unknown temperature, measuring and obtaining the central wavelength value of the corresponding characteristic peak to be 1548.632nm, and calculating according to a formula to obtain the temperature of the air to be 27.52 ℃.
And placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor in a CO gas atmosphere with unknown temperature, measuring and obtaining the central wavelength value of the corresponding characteristic peak to be 1548.902nm, and calculating according to a formula to obtain the temperature of the CO gas to be 34.53 ℃.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, while the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A fiber bragg grating temperature sensor, characterized by: the fiber bragg grating optical fiber capillary comprises a bragg grating optical fiber and a capillary tube, wherein the capillary tube is sleeved on the bragg grating optical fiber, two ends of the bragg grating optical fiber respectively extend out from two ends of the capillary tube, a fiber bragg grating section in the bragg grating optical fiber is located in the capillary tube, the length of the fiber bragg grating section in the bragg grating optical fiber is 5-50 mm, the part, located in the capillary tube, in the bragg grating optical fiber is arranged with the same center line as the capillary tube, the inner diameter of the capillary tube is larger than the diameter of the bragg grating optical fiber, the difference value between the inner diameter of the capillary tube and the diameter of the bragg grating optical fiber is smaller than 2000 mu m, the thickness of the capillary tube is larger than 200 mu m and smaller than 1000 mu m, and epoxy resin is filled in a gap between the capillary tube and the bragg grating optical fiber located in the capillary tube.
2. The fiber bragg grating temperature sensor of claim 1, wherein: the capillary tube is a capillary aluminum tube.
3. A method for detecting temperature based on a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) acquiring the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, and a light source emitting device, a circulator and a spectrum detecting device, and respectively connecting one end of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor, the light source emitting device and the spectrum detecting device into the circulator;
(b) respectively placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors in multiple groups of same media at different temperatures, respectively obtaining corresponding reflected wave spectrograms, selecting the central wavelength of a corresponding characteristic peak in each reflected wave spectrogram, and obtaining y as a + bx through linear fitting, namely x as (y-a)/b, wherein y is a central wavelength value corresponding to the selected characteristic peak in the measured reflected wave spectrogram, a is a central wavelength value corresponding to the characteristic peak at 0 ℃, b is a sensitivity coefficient, and x is a temperature value;
(c) and (3) placing the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor in a medium to be detected, measuring to obtain a spectrogram, selecting the central wavelength value of the same characteristic peak as that in the step (2), and substituting the central wavelength value into a formula x (y-a)/b to calculate the medium temperature.
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