CN113548950B - Ultrasonic-assisted aqueous phase synthesis of benzoin and derivatives - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted aqueous phase synthesis of benzoin and derivatives Download PDFInfo
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- CN113548950B CN113548950B CN202110888917.XA CN202110888917A CN113548950B CN 113548950 B CN113548950 B CN 113548950B CN 202110888917 A CN202110888917 A CN 202110888917A CN 113548950 B CN113548950 B CN 113548950B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D277/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D277/24—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
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- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
A rapid and simple preparation method of benzoin and derivatives can synthesize benzoin and derivatives under the condition of room temperature water phase under the assistance of ultrasonic waves. Taking benzoin as an example, in operation, benzaldehyde, alkali and a catalyst react in an aqueous phase at room temperature for about 15 minutes, and the benzoin product is separated out; filtering, adding benzaldehyde as raw material, and performing cyclic reaction. The alkali and the catalyst can be recycled. The synthesis route of benzoin and derivatives of the invention is green and environment-friendly, and has good application prospect in the fields of chemical industry and medicine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and particularly relates to a synthesis method of environment-friendly benzoin and derivatives.
Technical Field
Phenytoin sodium is the first drug for treating epilepsy, is clinically used for treating epileptic large seizure, psychomotor seizure and arrhythmia diseases, and can also be used for treating trigeminal neuralgia, recessive dystrophy epidermolysis bullosa, paroxysmal chorea athetosis, paroxysmal control disorder, myotonic disorder, heart conduction disorder when tricyclic antidepressant is excessive, and the like. Clinical application for many years proves that the medicine is one of effective antiepileptic medicines, and is especially effective on epileptic seizure.
Benzoin (1, benzophenone) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of phenytoin sodium. The main process route of the current phenytoin sodium synthesis comprises the following steps: the benzaldehyde is subjected to a benzoin condensation reaction to prepare an intermediate benzoin, benzoin is oxidized to obtain benzil, and the benzil and urea are condensed in the presence of sodium hydroxide to obtain phenytoin, and the four-step reaction of salifying is performed. Benzoin and its derivatives are also important intermediates in the synthesis of some other pharmaceutical chemicals.
Benzoin and its derivatives are prepared mainly by the benzoin condensation reaction (benzoin condensation). The common catalysts comprise highly toxic potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide, or vitamin B1 with high safety and poor reaction stability, and some high-cost N-heterocyclic carbene compounds and the like. Cyanide catalysis has great harm to the environment and human body, and is inconvenient to use. The catalytic synthesis of vitamin B1 requires that a pre-cooled sodium hydroxide solution is added into an aqueous solution of vitamin B1 at the temperature of between-10 and 5 ℃, then fresh distilled aromatic aldehyde is added into the solution, and the temperature is raised to 70 to 90 ℃ for reaction for 120 minutes. The vitamin B1 is synthesized by catalysis, the technological process is complex in operation, time and energy are consumed, the process reproducibility is poor, and the yield is low. The benzoin condensation catalyzed by the N-heterocyclic carbene has the advantages of room temperature reaction, good process reproducibility, high yield and the like, but the defects of long reaction time, high catalyst consumption, complex catalyst recycling method, additional preparation of the catalyst and the like still exist. Therefore, the exploration of a simpler, safer, faster and cheaper green chemical synthesis method for synthesizing benzoin and the derivatives thereof is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a synthesis method of benzoin and derivatives which are assisted by ultrasound, at room temperature, in aqueous phase and can be circularly operated. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high reaction speed (usually completed in 15 minutes), low catalyst consumption, high reaction yield, environment friendliness and easy popularization and use, and can effectively reduce the synthesis cost by taking water as a solvent.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
First, water, a pre-catalyst, a base and an aromatic aldehyde are sequentially added to a reactor. And (3) reacting the reaction liquid under ultrasonic irradiation, and filtering to obtain the benzoin or benzoin derivative with high purity.
Secondly, adding the filtrate into a reactor, adding aromatic aldehyde again, starting ultrasonic reaction, and filtering to obtain benzoin or benzoin derivatives. This operation may be repeated, preferably 5 times.
In the ultrasonic reaction, the ultrasonic power is any power which is fixed or variable between 20 and 4000W, and the frequency is any frequency which is fixed or variable between 20 and 40 KHz.
The temperature adopted in the reaction is 0-100 ℃; preferably at room temperature, between 20-25 ℃, the reaction is usually completed within 15 minutes. Under pressurized conditions, the reaction temperature may be increased to 100-120 ℃.
In the reaction, the molar ratio of the precatalyst to the aromatic aldehyde is from 1:0.01 to 1, i.e.the amount of precatalyst used is from 1 mol% to 100 mol%, preferably from 3 mol% to 20 mol%.
In the reaction, the base is an organic base or an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, other organic bases, etc., preferably 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU).
In the reaction, the precatalyst is an N-heterocyclic carbene compound, such as imidazole hydrochloride, vitamin B1, or polymethylene bridged benzimidazole salt, and the like, preferably 1, 12-bis ((1-methylbenzimidazole) -3-yl) dodecane dibromide (2)
The medium for the organic reaction is an aqueous solution.
The invention uses benzaldehyde or aromatic aldehyde with similar structure as benzaldehyde as reaction raw material, such as benzaldehyde with halogen, alkyl and alkoxy substituted on benzene ring, furaldehyde, thiazole formaldehyde, naphthalene formaldehyde, etc.; benzaldehyde is preferred.
The invention has the beneficial effects of green environmental protection. The concrete steps are as follows: (1) The ultrasonic wave is used for assisting, the reaction can be completed in 15 minutes, and the reaction time is shortened; (2) the catalyst consumption is reduced, and the production cost is saved; (3) The catalyst is not required to be recycled, so that the filtrate can be directly reused, and the operation steps are simplified; (4) water is used as a solvent, so that the method is safe and environment-friendly; (5) room temperature reaction, energy conservation; (6) high product yield.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1:
4. 4 mL Water, 43.2 mg (0.07 mmol, 3.5 mol%) 1, 12-bis ((1-methylbenzimidazole) -3-yl) dodecane dibromide (2), 121 mg 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] are added sequentially to the reactor]Undec-7-ene (DBU), ultrasonic dissolution of 1, 12-bisAfter ((1-methylbenzimidazole) -3-yl) dodecanedibromide, 212 mg benzaldehyde (2 mmol) (3) was added. The reactor was closed. The reaction is carried out for 15 minutes (120W, 40 KHz) under the irradiation of ultrasonic wave at room temperature, a large amount of white solid is generated, and benzoin 210 mg (1) can be obtained after filtration, and the yield is 99%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6): 7.98-8.01H, 7.55-7.59H, 7.40-7.47H, 7.29-7.39H, 7.21-7.25 1H,6.08 1H,6.03 1H. Melting point: 130-131 ℃. The filtrate containing the catalyst and DBU is collected and can be directly reused.
Example 2:
212 mg benzaldehyde (2 mmol) (3) was added to the reactor containing the filtrate obtained in the above reaction, and the reactor was closed. The reaction is carried out for 15 minutes (120W, 40 KHz) under the irradiation of ultrasonic wave at room temperature, a large amount of white solid is generated, and benzoin 195 mg (1) can be obtained after filtration, and the yield is 92%. Melting point: 129-131 ℃.
Example 3:
to the reactor was added 4. 4 mL water, 43.2 mg (0.07 mmol, 3.5 mol%) 1, 12-bis ((1-methylbenzimidazole) -3-yl) dodecane dibromide (2), 121 mg 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU), and after ultrasonic dissolution of 1, 12-bis ((1-methylbenzimidazole) -3-yl) dodecane dibromide, 192 mg furfural (2 mmol) (3) was added. The reactor was closed. The reaction is carried out for 15 minutes (120W, 40 KHz) under the irradiation of ultrasonic wave at room temperature, a large amount of brown solid is generated, and the filtration is carried out, thus obtaining the bifofofofof173 mg (1) with the yield of 90 percent. The filtrate containing the catalyst and DBU is collected and can be directly reused.
Claims (6)
1. A synthesis method of benzoin and derivatives is characterized in that ultrasonic wave assists a synthesis route of an aqueous phase, and comprises the following steps: (a) Sequentially adding water, a pre-catalyst, alkali and aromatic aldehyde (3) into a reactor, reacting the reaction liquid under ultrasonic irradiation, and filtering to obtain benzoin or benzoin derivatives (1); (b) Adding the filtrate into a reactor, adding aromatic aldehyde again, starting ultrasonic reaction, and filtering to obtain benzoin or benzoin derivatives; (c) cycling the operation in step (b); the pre-catalyst was 1, 12-bis ((1-methylbenzimidazole) -3-yl) dodecane dibromide (2) and the base was 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU).
2. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic power is any power which is fixed or variable between 20 and 4000W, and the frequency is any frequency which is fixed or variable between 20 and 40 KHz.
3. The synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 0-120 ℃.
4. The method of synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of aromatic aldehyde to pre-catalyst in the reaction is in the range of 1:0.01-1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction filtrate contains a base and a catalyst and is recycled.
6. The method of synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the solvent of the reaction is water.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110888917.XA CN113548950B (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2021-08-05 | Ultrasonic-assisted aqueous phase synthesis of benzoin and derivatives |
| AU2021105832A AU2021105832A4 (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2021-08-18 | Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of benzoin and its analogs in aqueous media |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110888917.XA CN113548950B (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2021-08-05 | Ultrasonic-assisted aqueous phase synthesis of benzoin and derivatives |
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| CN113548950A CN113548950A (en) | 2021-10-26 |
| CN113548950B true CN113548950B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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